CN101528453A - 用于制备包含单向排列聚合物条带的柔性板的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
包含多个单独层叠片的柔性板，该层叠片由至少两个单向排列的聚合物条带的单层连接在一起建立起来，在每一个单层中聚合物条带的方向相同且每一个单层的聚合物条带与相邻单层的条带相偏移，其特征在于层叠片叠放在彼此上面且通过分开的连接点或连接线互相固定。
Description
本发明涉及一种包含层叠片的柔性板和制备该层叠片的方法，该层叠片由至少两个单向排列的聚合物条带的单层建立起来。根据本发明的柔性板可以用于防弹衣物。
防弹衣物可以包含刚性片材，例如金属、陶瓷或聚合物片材，将其作为防弹保护背心中的插入物。使用这种类型的衣物不能保证穿着者在执勤状态中具有必要的活动自由。除了它们相对重的重量之外，事实是背心插入物缺乏柔性使得它们极少能够穿着舒适。
作为另外选择的防弹保护衣物由多层扁平织物结构组成。芳纶纤维织物经常用于防弹衣物单独的保护层中。此外还建议将由高韧性聚乙烯纤维制成的织物和其他纺织的平坦结构用于防弹衣物中。这种衣物还指的是“柔软抗冲击(soft ballistic)”且其目的在于降低防弹衣的重量且增强穿着舒适性，并且保持或甚至增强冲击性能。
本发明的目的在于提供一种柔性板和制备柔性板的方法，将其用于软防弹应用，以满足现今降低防弹衣重量且增强穿着舒适性，并且保持或甚至增强冲击性能的目的。
这一目的通过包含多个单独层叠片的柔性板实现，该层叠片由至少两个单向排列的聚合物条带的单层连接在一起建立起来，在每一个单层中聚合物条带的方向相同且每一个单层的聚合物条带与相邻单层的条带相偏移，其特征在于层叠片叠放在彼此上面且通过分开的连接点或连接线互相固定。
本发明的目的还通过用于制备包含多个单独层叠片的柔性板的方法实现，该层叠片由至少两个单向排列的聚合物条带的单层连接在一起建立起来，在每一个单层中聚合物条带的方向相同且每一个单层的聚合物条带与相邻单层的条带相偏移，其特征在于层叠片叠放在彼此上面且通过分开的连接点或连接线互相固定。
由于分开的连接点或连接线，与在全部表面积上都连接在一起的板相反，板将会保持特别柔性。这种板以高的能量吸收水平吸收它们经受的冲击能量。
连接点或连接线可以位于板的边缘处。优选连接点或连接线位于板的中间。但是更优选固定相互叠放的层叠片的连接点或连接线并不与相邻的层叠片对齐。因此两个层叠片的连接点或连接线的位置与邻接这两个层叠片的那些层叠片的连接点或连接线相偏移。因此可以得到这样的高度柔性的板，即当受到弯曲时，其表现出经受更小的、即内弯曲的半径的这些层叠片的褶皱减少。在根据本发明的板的优选的实施方案中，在层叠片的中间和层叠片的边缘，层叠片以连接点或连接线交错的方式固定于邻近的层叠片上。
层叠片通过纱线例如通过缝纫或针织互相固定。
作为可选择的方案，层叠片可以通过铆钉，优选由聚合物材料制备的铆钉相互固定。
层叠片还可以通过焊接点相互固定。焊接可以通过超声焊接或激光焊接进行。
根据本发明的板可以用作防弹保护背心中的插入物。但是优选板为形成合身的软防弹衣的形状，即由板形成软防弹背心。
在外部外观上，防弹衣可以是现有技术中防弹衣的样式，例如背心或夹克的形式。
包含在根据本发明的板中的单独的层叠片可以具有10μm和1500μm之间的厚度，优选在50μm和1500μm之间，更优选在50μm和1000μm之间，且最优选在50μm和500μm之间。
在优选的实施方案中，板包含至少2个，优选至少4个叠放在彼此上面的单独的层叠片，更优选为至少10个单独的层叠片且最优选为至少50个单独的层叠片。根据本发明的板可以包含100个或高达500个的层叠片。
在现有技术中，聚合物条带仅仅用于刚性冲击材料即所谓的硬抗冲击应用中。例如US5578370公开了一种适用于防弹保护的抗冲击板。这种板由两个或多个交错伸长元件的层叠的垫子叠放形成。两个或多个层叠的垫子的叠放通过加热叠放物合并形成多层片材，即板。
构成包含在板中的层叠片的条带平行排列，即并排关系，且在每一单层中条带的方向相同。层叠片单层并没有相互交叉叠放成角度。每个单层的条带的数目可以是高达10，高达100，高达100并且高达10000或更多。单层这样叠放，即每一层的条带与其上下邻近单层的条带存在偏移。因此，一个单层的邻近条带之间的接合点覆盖有其上下邻近单层的条带。这些条带相互平行排列，其中一个单层的聚合物条带与定位在其邻近处的聚合物条带具有交迭。
用于根据本发明的方法的聚合物条带可以是纺丝单丝。这里使用的单丝一词包括任何单独纺丝的单独丝线，例如通过熔融纺丝或凝胶纺丝。
条带还可以采用固态挤出(SSE)或由固体材料切片，之后通过后拉伸制成。
用于根据本发明的方法中的聚合物条带还可以通过切割聚合物膜制备。聚合物膜可以是压延的、拉伸的或者甚至是过度拉伸的以获得需要的抗张强度。
层叠片可以通过采用预拉伸聚合物条带形成第一聚合物条带的单层并且之后在拉力下以单向、平行的方式定位聚合物条带，在第一单层之上以与形成第一单层相同的方式形成至少一个第二单层而形成，因此以这样的方式叠放至少两个聚合物条带的单层，即在每一个单层中聚合物条带的方向相同且每一个单层的聚合物条带与其上下邻近单层的条带相偏移，并且合并由此叠放的聚合物条带单层以获得层叠片。
应当注意到的是层叠片可以包括多于2个，例如3、4或高达25，甚至高达50或高达100个聚合物条带的单层，所有单层以在每一个单层中聚合物条带的方向都相同且每个单层中的聚合物条带与其上下邻近单层的条带具有偏移的方式叠放在一起。
形成层叠片的叠放单层的合并以本领域技术人员已知的方式进行，优选通过将压力和热应用于叠放的单层进行，例如热压延。
优选用于根据本发明方法的条带具有至少200MPa的抗张强度，更优选聚合物条带具有至少400MPa的抗张强度。取决于聚合物材料和拉伸比，聚合物条带可以表现出至少800MPa以及高达20GPa的抗张强度。
聚合物条带的抗张强度根据ASTM D638测量。
条带可以选自由聚乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚丁二烯对苯二甲酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙二醇萘二酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚亚环己二烯硫化物、这些聚合物的共聚物以及它们的混合物组成的组。
优选条带与热塑性树脂材料熔融粘接。这种材料可以在形成条带后应用于条带，它可以作为壳材料与条带一起熔融纺丝或者它可以在将其切割为条带之前应用于聚合物膜。另一种应用热塑性树脂材料的可能性为将树脂材料的基质层放置在构成层叠片的两个单层之间。合适的树脂材料可以选自由聚乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚丁二烯对苯二甲酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙二醇萘二酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚亚环己二烯硫化物、这些聚合物的共聚物以及它们的混合物组成的组。此外还可以使用丙烯酸乙烯烷基酯共聚物(EAA)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)、乙基甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物(ethylenemethylacrylate copolymer，EMA)、线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LPDE)。还有可能使用聚异丁烯(PIB)或聚氨酯(PU)作为壳材料。这些聚合物可以是特别柔性的且可以表现出高度拉伸。热塑性树脂材料可以包含列出的材料中的一种或这些材料的混合物。
在聚合物条带之上应用热塑性树脂材料之前，可以在条带的表面上应用底漆作为粘合促进剂。这种表面处理增强了条带与热塑性树脂之间的粘合。合适的底漆可以是例如氯化聚丙烯。在后续的加工步骤中底漆额外的效应减少条带形成原纤维。其他可以使用以增强粘合的表面处理包括等离子或电晕处理。
作为替代熔融粘接的方案，形成单独层叠片的至少两个单层的聚合物条带还可以通过压敏粘合剂连接。
仅包含一种聚合物材料的聚合物条带还可以不使用任何额外的树脂材料或粘合剂合并。在这种情况中单层在刚好低于聚合物条带的熔融温度的温度范围内合并。这一方法在现有技术中已知为“热压”。
本发明上下文中使用的条带一词意味着柔性的、实质上均一的宽度和厚度的伸长元件，其可具有除了环形之外的任何形状。条带的宽度/长度比为至少2，优选为至少5且更优选为至少20。所述条带可以与邻近条带的侧面实质上平行的并排关系而定位。条带可以来自于切割的膜。条带还可以是单丝。用于根据本发明的方法中的条带可以具有不同的横截面，例如四边形横截面或三角形横截面。
为了获得具有所需抗张强度的层叠片，优选聚合物条带以至少1∶5的拉伸比拉伸，更优选聚合物条带以至少1∶15的拉伸比拉伸。特别优选1∶50或更高的拉伸比。
作为单丝的四边形条带优选为1.5mm到10mm宽，20μm到1500μm厚。通过切割膜制成的四边形条带可以是2mm到300mm宽，1μm到1000μm厚，优选为4μm到50μm厚。具有三角形横截面的条带可以具有2到10mm的宽度和厚度。
用于板或制备板的方法的层叠片可以以构成层叠片的聚合物条带全部为相同方向的方式放置在另一个层叠片的上面。在优选的实施方案中，放置在另一个层叠片上面的层叠片中的至少一个相对于放置在该层叠片上方或下方的邻近层叠片转向，更优选层叠片中的至少一个相对于放置在该层叠片上方或下方的邻近层叠片转90°，由此在板的横向方向上获得更高的抗张强度。层叠片还可以以0°和90°的交错方式叠放。板可以包括同样数目的具有0°和转向90°的层叠片。但是，如果仅有顶部和底部的层叠片相对其他层叠片转向90°也是足够的。
因此本发明的另一个目的在于提供这种板的特殊的用途。
根据本发明的板可以用于形成安全气囊。
正如根据本发明所述的板，其特别适用于防弹保护衣物。这种板可以用于软防弹衣应用，还可以称为软抗冲击。
为了防止所谓的创伤效应，特别优选本发明的板在防弹衣的主体侧面具有减震材料。
根据本发明的板还可以具有一个或多个防刺层或层叠片。防刺层或层叠片可以提供在其表面的一个或两个侧面。防刺层或层叠片还可以夹在单独层叠片、甚至交错方式的根据本发明的层叠片和防刺层或层叠片之间。
根据本发明的板还可以具有一层或多层芳纶纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯。这些层增强了板的防弹性能并且它们可以提供在其表面的一个或两个侧面。芳纶纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯层还可以夹在单独层叠片、甚至交错方式的根据本发明的层叠片与芳纶纤维或超高分子量聚乙烯层之间。芳纶层优选夹在单独的层叠片之间以防止芳纶纤维的磨损。
Claims (7)
1.一种包含多个单独的层叠片的柔性板，该层叠片由单向排列的聚合物条带的至少两个单层连接在一起构成，在每一个单层中聚合物条带的方向相同且每一个单层的聚合物条带与相邻单层的条带相偏移，其特征在于层叠片叠放在彼此上面且通过分开的连接点或连接线互相固定。
2.根据权利要求1的板，其特征在于层叠片通过线相互固定。
3.根据权利要求1的板，其特征在于层叠片通过铆钉相互固定。
4.根据权利要求1的板，其特征在于层叠片通过焊接点相互固定。
5.根据权利要求1到4中任一项的板，其特征在于板具有一个或多个芳纶纤维的层。
6.根据权利要求1到4中任一项的板，其特征在于板具有一个或多个超高分子量聚乙烯的层。
7.根据权利要求1到6中任一项的板的用途，用于防弹保护衣物。
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| EP06020902.0 | 2006-10-05 | ||
| EP06020902A EP1908580A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2006-10-05 | Process for producing flexible panels comprising laminates of unidirectionally arranged polymeric tapes |
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| JP (1) | JP2010505647A (zh) |
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| EP2047975A1 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-15 | Novameer B.V. | Advanced antiballistic materials |
| BRPI0911852A2 (pt) † | 2008-04-29 | 2015-10-06 | Dsm Ip Assests Bv | pilha de primeira e segunda camada, um painel e artigo resistente a balística que compreende a pilha ou o painel |
| WO2009135828A1 (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-12 | Novameer B.V. | Polymeric fibers coated with an olefin block copolymer containing resin and laminates comprising polymeric fibers in a resin of olefin block copolymers |
| WO2010015809A1 (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-11 | Invista Technologies S.A.R.L. | Airbag fabrics woven from slit-film polymeric tapes |
| US8211268B1 (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2012-07-03 | Milliken & Company | Tie layer compositions for fiber reinforced thermoplastic—thermoset structural element |
| US20110117352A1 (en) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-19 | Shalaby Shalaby W | Self-primed fabric in self-reinforced polyethylene composites |
| US9428594B2 (en) | 2010-12-03 | 2016-08-30 | Teijin Aramid B.V. | High molecular weight polyethylene |
| DE102013017450A1 (de) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-23 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserverbund-Halbzeugen |
| EP3056330B1 (en) | 2015-02-16 | 2019-11-13 | Teijin Aramid B.V. | Panels made from cylindrical hollow articles |
| BR112017019610B1 (pt) * | 2015-03-16 | 2023-05-16 | André Nestor Bertin | Painel balístico autoadesivo |
| KR102503550B1 (ko) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-02-24 | 이상옥 | 방검원단 및 그 제조방법 |
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| DE19802135A1 (de) * | 1997-07-26 | 1999-01-28 | Braeuer Horst | Flächengebilde, insbesondere textiles Flächengebilde |
| US6786126B2 (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2004-09-07 | Wayne B. Sargent | Ballistic resistant materials and method of manufacture |
| EP1627719A1 (en) * | 2004-08-16 | 2006-02-22 | FMS Enterprises Migun Ltd. | Multilayered polyethylene material and ballistic resistant articles manufactured therefrom |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SI2079579T1 (sl) | 2010-07-30 |
| KR20090058545A (ko) | 2009-06-09 |
| IL197911A0 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
| DE602007005674D1 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
| US7814568B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
| EP2079579A1 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
| DK2079579T3 (da) | 2010-05-31 |
| MY147328A (en) | 2012-11-30 |
| ES2340095T3 (es) | 2010-05-28 |
| MX2009003675A (es) | 2009-04-23 |
| BRPI0717297A2 (pt) | 2014-04-08 |
| CA2665466A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| EP2079579B1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
| AU2007304496A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| ATE462558T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
| PT2079579E (pt) | 2010-04-16 |
| JP2010505647A (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
| NO20091755L (no) | 2009-06-25 |
| RU2440245C2 (ru) | 2012-01-20 |
| WO2008040511A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| PL2079579T3 (pl) | 2010-08-31 |
| EP1908580A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
| ZA200902310B (en) | 2010-03-31 |
| US20090265826A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
| AU2007304496B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
| RU2009116920A (ru) | 2010-11-10 |
| CY1110206T1 (el) | 2015-01-14 |
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