CN101526503A - Magnetostrictive transducer used for sound wave nondestructive examination - Google Patents
Magnetostrictive transducer used for sound wave nondestructive examination Download PDFInfo
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- CN101526503A CN101526503A CN200910077343A CN200910077343A CN101526503A CN 101526503 A CN101526503 A CN 101526503A CN 200910077343 A CN200910077343 A CN 200910077343A CN 200910077343 A CN200910077343 A CN 200910077343A CN 101526503 A CN101526503 A CN 101526503A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnetostrictive transducer used for sound wave nondestructive examination which belongs to the technical filed of magnetism-sound mechanical transmission and sound wave nondestructive examination. The transducer comprises a casing, epoxy resin, an electromagnetic driving coil, magnetostrictive material, output connection rod, a preloaded spring, a preloaded locknut, an O-ring seal, integrated vibration output block pedestal and vibration output block front end, a transducer waterproof trigger switch and a waterproof power supply cassette. The magnetostrictive transducer has unidirectional output characteristic and can improve the output vibration amplitude and output energy of the transducer. The magnetostrictive transducer uses resin encapsulation to protect key material, thereby improving the shock resistance and breaking resistant performance of the magnetostrictive material. The transducer has waterproof and moistureproof capability and low cost, is easy for manufacturing and maintaining, can be applied to the sound wave nondestructive examination field of foundation pile, roof bolt, bridge, building, concrete structural component and the like and can be fit for field working environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to magnetic-sound mechanical switch and sound wave technical field of nondestructive testing, a kind of magnetostrictive transducer used for sound wave nondestructive examination particularly is provided.Be applicable to the sound wave Non-Destructive Testing of foundation pile, anchor pole, bridge, building, mixed clay structure spare etc.
Background technology
The Tb-Dy-Fe that last century, 60～the seventies was developed is giant magnetostrictive material and the Fe-Ga system that finds in recent years, the effect of Fe-Ga-Al series magnetostriction material outside magnetic field can produce magneto-strain and power down and export phenomenon, is the important dynamo-electric transition material that is used for driving element harmony energy transducer.Another kind of strain gauge material is a piezoceramic material, and it can produce electrostriction and power output phenomenon under External Electrical Field, also be the important dynamo-electric transition material that is used for driver and acoustic transducer.Compare with piezoceramic material, magnetostriction materials, particularly Tb-Dy-Fe is that giant magnetostrictive material has than the higher coefficient of strain of piezoceramic material and bigger power output, and its coefficient of strain is 4～5 times of piezoelectric ceramics, and power output is also much larger than piezoelectric ceramics.And magnetostriction materials do not need pre-polarization, can not take place to cause the Problem of Failure of application device and equipment because of the overheated material failure that produces, and therefore have good temperature reliability.And piezoelectric ceramics is to need pre-polarization, and after temperature raise, prepolarizing field can disappear gradually, and the electrostrictive property of material can weaken and disappear, and finally causes using instrument and equipment and loses efficacy.In addition, compare with piezoceramic material, magnetostriction materials have better Mechanics of Machinery characteristic, particularly Fe-Ga system, Fe-Ga-Al series magnetostriction material have good processibility, can and rollingly be processed into different shape or strip by machinery, and piezoceramic material do not have such processibility.
In the Non-Destructive Testing field of highway, bridge, dam, building construction etc., defectives such as the shape of technology of acoustic wave detection foundation pile, anchor pole, mixed clay structure spare etc., length dimension, reinforcing bar distribution and inner segregation, crackle, steel bar corrosion are widely used.In the engineering exploration field, the sonic detection technology also is widely used, as interborehole measurement, geologic structure detection etc.In the sonic detection technology, all relate to the sound source that produces sound wave.These sound sources are divided for by magnetostriction or the controlled sound source of electrostrictive actuator or transducer generation and the uncontrollable sound source that is produced by artificial hammering, electric spark, blast etc.Though uncontrollable sound source power is big, propagation distance is far away, its destructiveness, nonrepeatability, instability and its application is restricted can't measurement sound the time etc., and substituted gradually trend is arranged.With magnetostriction materials or electrostriction material is that the driver of driver part or transducer not only can transmitting audio frequencies, ultrasonic, can also the transponder pulse ripple, and also emitting performance is stable, good reproducibility, nondestructive characteristics.Owing to can adopt computer control to trigger, therefore except can obtaining the acoustic propagation data, can also obtain the sound transit-time measurement data, make and detect more abundant information and stable, improved the reliability of sound wave Non-Destructive Testing.The sounding principle of driver or transducer is that mangneto or the electric field induced strain material by wherein produces the deformation concussion under interchange or pulsed magnetic field or electric field action, makes driver or transducer send sound wave or output vibration and finishes the electroacoustic transfer process.When import in driver or the transducer be AC power the time, it sends continuous sound wave, and when input when being the transient pulse power supply, driver or impulse oscillation of transducer output.
Magnetostriction materials are compared with the driver or the transducer of electrostriction material, because magnetostriction materials have characteristics such as the coefficient of strain is big, power output is big, energy density is high, the velocity of sound is low, magnetic telescopic driver or transducer can be accomplished bigger output power, littler transducer dimensions.In addition, what the deformation of magnetostriction materials was adopted is that coil magnetic field drives, and driving voltage is low, and the deformation of piezoceramic material employing is electric field driven, driving voltage reaches more than the kilovolt, and insulation and antiknock requirement of shelter are higher, and the requirement that the field is detected the operation power supply is also high.Therefore magnetic telescopic driver or transducer are in the sound wave Non-Destructive Testing, and particularly large-sized detection has better performance.
Chinese invention patent application number 00128871.7 discloses a kind of ultrasonic transducer, this transducer be used for ultrasonic flowmeter/or ultrasonic flow rate measure.The feature of invention is that transducer adopts piezoelectric ceramics electric field induced strain material as driving element, have relative position (spacing) fixing a top quality and an end mass, the centre is can free-moving oscillating mass, and the oscillating mass both sides are formations such as Piezoelectric Ceramic element of polarity opposed.Under the extra electric field effect, the piezo ceramic element elongation of one side, the piezo ceramic element of opposite side shortens, and the elongation of a side ceramic component equates fully with the shortening amount of opposite side ceramic component, immobilizes with maintenance top quality and end mass relative position.Because oscillating mass is a free structure, transducer can be because of not being equipped with impedance and the resonance characteristic that load quality changes transducer on the end mass.Can solve the stability problem of the stability and the power supply coupling of transducer.But as being to drive material with the piezoelectric ceramics, have that output power is little, output amplitude is little, also there is certain problem in problems such as driving voltage height on waterproof, insulation processing, can only be used for low power sonic detection fields such as flow detection.
Chinese invention patent 03118251.8 discloses the multi-functional well logging sound wave emission of a kind of rareearth super magnetostrictive focus.This vibration source is a kind of transducer that adopts magnetostriction materials to drive, and belongs to curved a kind of in the property transducer of opening.It has two semi-round bars as phonation board, and magnetostriction element of middle clamping is combined two semicircular rods by screw, and the magnetostriction element of radially placing along rod in the middle of clamping forms cylindrical-shaped structure.When by drive coil magnetostriction element being applied driving magnetic field, magnetostriction materials produce deformation, make the semi-round bar phonation board of clamping magnetostriction element produce the curved distortion of opening, and send sound wave.In the transducer of this structure, it is to adjust pretightning force to magnetostriction materials by two semi-round bars of screw retention (phonation board) that magnetostriction materials prestressed applied, and adopting this structure is the size of uncontrollable pretightning force.The emergent property of magnetostriction materials and the output characteristics of transducer are relevant with the pressure (pretightning force) of magnetostriction materials.In the transducer of this invention, be the difference of the pretightning force of magnetostriction materials on the one hand, make the performance difference of transducer, on the other hand, magnetostriction materials in working order, the deformation of material causes change in size, and the pretightning force of magnetostriction element is changed, and the performance of transducer also can change.In addition, this structure need be taked special coating hermetically-sealed construction, just can have the ability of waterproof.The transducer of this structure can only be used for the acoustic transducer of emission continuously because the amplitude of output is little.
China utility model patent ZL99217062.1 discloses a kind of ultra-magnetic telescopic ground soic wave transmitting energy converter, adopts magnetostriction materials as drive source, belongs to a kind of in the sandwich transducer.Transducer is by magnetostrictive rod, front shroud and be fixed on previous irradiation piece, briquetting on the front shroud, pass briquetting applies the pull bar of pretightning force and shell etc. to magnetostriction materials and forms.This structure can realize the waterproof sealing protection of transducer by shell, but seal point is many, the structure more complicated.In the transducer pretightning force of magnetostriction materials rod being applied is to adopt the nut on the pull bar of two rigidity to screw, by briquetting magnetostriction materials are applied pretightning force, because the tightening force of two pull bars is uncontrollable, be the size that to control pretightning force on the one hand, be the tightening force unanimity that can not guarantee two pull bars on the other hand, cause the briquetting imbalance, therefore in this pre-fastening structure, not only can not control the pretightning force of magnetostriction materials, and, be easy to cause the magnetostriction materials breakage because the imbalance of briquetting makes magnetostriction materials be subjected to shearing force.Equally, the pretightning force of this rigid structure applies mode, and magnetostriction magnetic material pretightning force is changed, and makes the unstable properties of transducer.The driver or the transducer that are used for the sound wave Non-Destructive Testing, generally require it to be output as unidirectional output, an end that just contacts with detected object is the output terminal of transducer, the vibration of transducer or acoustic emission only emit from this end, and other end no-output or export for a short time can improve the efficient of transducer like this.And in above-mentioned transducer architecture, under the restriction of pull bar, the deformation of magnetostriction materials, export to briquetting on the one hand, on the other hand to front shroud and the output of previous irradiation piece, therefore the deformation output of previous irradiation piece acquisition only accounts for the part of magnetostriction materials deformation, and the energy loss of transducer is big, and efficient is low.
China utility model patent ZL200620079516.0 discloses a kind of super magnetostrictive rare-earth longitudinal vibration transducer, adopts magnetostriction materials as drive source, belongs to a kind of in the magnetostriction sandwich transducer.The architectural feature of this transducer is that magnetostriction materials and drive coil are installed in the housing, the outside of housing is a cylindroid helical-coil compression spring that applies pretightning force, a fixed block that is embedded on the shell is arranged in the transducer enclosure, several pretension screws are arranged on the fixed block, magnetostriction materials are applied pretightning force by pretension screw roof pressure briquetting.Same in the structure of this transducer the size of uncontrollable pretightning force, the consistance of transducer is bad, and can not guarantee the balance of briquetting in a plurality of screw roof pressures, make the magnetostriction materials discontinuity equalization easily, and make material be subjected to shearing force, and easily cause damage of material, make transducer fails.This transducer architecture complexity, volume is bigger, does not also have waterproof construction.
U.S. Pat P5510660 discloses a kind of magnetostriction vibration generation systems, and the shape-changing material of employing is rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material (american goods name Terfenol-D).This transducer also claims driver, has two class forms, and a class is two-way output, and a class is unidirectional output.The unidirectional way of output is on two-way output basis, and an end is fixed, and the output of transducer is exported to the other end, and its structural principle does not change.This transducer also belongs to a kind of in the sandwich transducer, comprise in its feature structure that magnetostriction materials (generation deformation), permanent magnet (producing quiescent biasing magnetic field), coil (generation driving magnetic field), prefastening force spring (magnetostriction materials are applied pretightning force), spring base (are connected with magnetostriction materials, transmit pretightning force to magnetostriction materials, and the deformation of magnetostriction materials transmitted out), oscillating mass piece, housing, pedestal etc.The process that applies of the pretightning force of magnetostriction materials is to realize by the housing adjustment relative position that the spring that is threaded structure is adjusted piece (the two-way way of output) or screw rod (the unidirectional way of output) and is threaded structure.In regulating, pretightning force all can not realize accurate control or measurement to the pretightning force size, therefore the pretightning force that is applied to magnetostriction materials is can not be completely specified, the uncertainty that causes the output performance of material, the consistance of transducer or vibrational system can not guarantee thus.In addition, this transducer does not have specific (special) requirements as industrial vibration source to waterproof, does not therefore have waterproof sealing structure in structure yet.Rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material as drive source is a kind of intermetallic compound of fragility, and the rupture strength of material is less than 25MPa, and is broken easily under long vibration or impact condition, causes transducer to damage.In the structure of this invention also not to the protection mechanism of material.
Therefore, exist a kind of to prior art and the invention improved technical requirement, for Non-Destructive Testing provides high-performance, high consistance, high reliability, have water-proof function, satisfy the transducer of field operation environment requirement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of magnetostrictive transducer used for sound wave nondestructive examination.
The one,, a kind of magnetostrictive transducer of unidirectional export structure is provided, an end of magnetostriction materials is a stiff end, the other end is a free end, when magnetostriction materials generation deformation is flexible, only to end output telescopic displacement, improve the output amplitude and the energy of transducer, reduce energy loss.
The 2nd,, a kind of pretightning force may command and adjustment are provided, magnetostriction materials are applied the pretightning force equilibrium, do not produce the pretightning force applying mechanism of shearing force, and can keep the stable method of magnetostriction materials when work pretightning force, adopt this method can stablize transducer performance, improve the transducer performance consistance.
The 3rd; a kind of guard method to magnetostriction materials in the transducer is provided; particularly to the protection of rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material; make magnetostriction materials when long-term impact shock work or transducer are accidentally impacted; can protect magnetostriction materials not damage, improve the reliability of transducer.
The 4th,, provide a kind of and have waterproof, moistureproof ability, and transducer simple in structure, to adapt to open-air various operating environment.
The 5th,, a kind of pulsed, continous way vibration and sound wave generation magnetostrictive transducer are provided, be used for the sound wave Non-Destructive Testing of foundation pile, anchor pole, bridge, building, mixed clay structure spare etc.
Magnetostrictive transducer of the present invention comprises: the vibration IOB pedestal of housing, epoxy resin, Electromagnetic Drive coil, magnetostriction materials, output connecting link, prefastening force spring, pretightning force set nut, O shape O-ring seal, one and vibration IOB front end, transducer waterproof trigger switch, waterproof power supply deck.Housing with one one end opening (upper end), end sealing (bottom), wherein Electromagnetic Drive coil, magnetostriction materials rod are packed in the housing, and are fixed on the bottom of housing with the resin embedding; Have and be with the pretightning force set nut that there is through hole at prefastening force spring and center in the middle of the output connecting link of step, the output connecting link has an end of step to be connected with magnetostrictive rod, the other end with vibrate the IOB pedestal and be connected; O shape O-ring seal is installed in the seal groove of vibration IOB pedestal, and forms hermetically-sealed construction with the housing inboard; Vibration IOB front end links together with vibration IOB pedestal; A waterproof trigger switch and a waterproof power supply deck are arranged in the housing bottom, and the power lead of Electromagnetic Drive coil and waterproof trigger switch is connected with external power supply by deck; There is one section helicitic texture the transducer housing inboard, is used for fixing the pretightning force set nut.
Transducer can pulse mode be launched, and produces pulse shock; Also can launch in a continuous manner, produce the continuous shaking ripple.
Electromagnetic Drive coil, magnetostriction materials rod are fixed in the transducer housing with the epoxy resin embedding and become one, and form the fixing and protection to the magnetostriction materials rod.
According to magnetostrictive transducer structure of the present invention, during as the pulse transmitting transducer, the waterproof trigger switch that install the transducer rear end, the operation in can conveniently using.
Have one-way by its vibration output of magnetostrictive transducer of the present invention, just the flexible of magnetostriction materials only exported towards an end.Be fixed on the bottom of transducer housing when magnetostriction materials are installed in the transducer by the resin embedding, end of magnetostriction materials and housing are connected as one becomes the magnetostriction stiff end, and the other end of magnetostriction materials rod is a free end.When magnetostriction materials when dilatation axially takes place in driving magnetic field effect lower edge rod, magnetostriction materials only elongate or shorten along the output of free end direction.By the output connecting link that is connected with the magnetostriction materials free end strain is spread out of, and drive vibration IOB pedestal and the vibration of vibration IOB front end.Adopt this structure of the present invention can avoid the two ends output of the strain of magnetostriction materials, reduce the output amplitude and the output energy phenomenon of transducer along rod.
Vibration IOB front end contact with detected object, and when the magnetostriction materials rod produced displacement output, vibration IOB front end produced a motion output, and object to be detected is produced an impact, forms the impact sound wave, and in the importing testee.
Output connecting link one end is a boss, and the other end is a screw thread; There is threaded hole at vibration IOB pedestal one end center, and other end center is a screw rod; The output connecting link links together by screw thread and vibration IOB pedestal; Vibration IOB pedestal links together by center bolt and vibration IOB front end.
Vibration IOB front end can be an one with vibration IOB pedestal.
Can and adjust the magnetostriction materials pretightning force according to design parameter control by magnetostrictive transducer of the present invention, magnetostriction materials are worked under the pretightning force of the best.In addition, in transducer architecture of the present invention, adopt spring and output connecting link pre-fastening structure pattern, in magnetostriction materials maximum strain scope, since material to elongate or shorten the variation that causes amount of spring compression very small, therefore the prestress of spring changes also very little, can be to the performance impact of magnetostriction materials, thereby can stablize the performance of transducer.The specific implementation pretightning force applies with method of adjustment, respectively prefastening force spring and pretightning force set nut are inserted in output connecting link (5) by the thread end of exporting connecting link, again with the auxiliary nut screwing clamping of adjusting, form the pretightning force assembly, measure the spring height after compressing, calculate the force of compression of spring, this force of compression value is removed in the cross-sectional area of magnetostriction materials, is back magnetostriction materials pretightning force is installed; Above-mentioned pretightning force assembly is screwed in the housing by pretightning force set nut and transducer housing internal thread, only contact with magnetostriction materials rod free end face up to the output connecting link, unclamp the auxiliary adjustment nut on the output connecting link, retracting spring power applies pretightning force to magnetostriction materials.
By in the magnetostrictive transducer of the present invention, have protective capability to magnetostriction materials, avoid magnetostriction materials damaged under vibratory impulse and accidental impact.Magnetostriction materials, the rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material that particularly has maximum Magnetostrictive Properties belongs to compound between brittle metal, and the rupture strength of material is very low, can not bear bump, and is very easily broken.In the present invention, adopt epoxy resin that material is protected, by resin embedding reinforcing material shock resistance and flexural capacity.The specific implementation process is that Electromagnetic Drive coil, magnetostriction materials rod are installed in the transducer housing, with the transducer housing openend up, coil is contacted with the housing bottom with magnetostrictive rod, in housing, pour into epoxy resin, the amount of pouring into of resin is the free end face a little less than magnetostrictive rod, treats that magnetostriction materials behind the resin solidification, drive coil and housing promptly are solidified into one.The resin that solidifies envelopes magnetostriction materials and form the protection to the magnetostriction materials rod.
Have waterproof, moisture-proof construction by magnetostrictive transducer of the present invention.Transducer housing is an end opening, an end enclosed construction, and wiring deck on blind end and triggering deck are all selected the deck with waterproof ability for use.At the openend of transducer housing,, can realize waterproof, protection against the tide by O shape O-ring seal circle in the seal groove on the vibration IOB pedestal, the seal groove and the inboard formation of housing motive seal.
Driving material in the magnetostrictive transducer of the present invention is magnetostriction materials, can produce change of shape and power output under the effect of magnetostriction materials outside magnetic field.Particularly for the magnetostriction materials with crystal orientation structure, not only magnetostriction performance height, magnetizing field are low, and magnetization can produce magnetostriction " Jump " effect under the prestress condition.Selected magnetostriction materials are that Tb-Dy-Fe is a kind of in rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material, Fe-Ga series giant magnetostriction material, the Fe-Ga-Al series giant magnetostriction material among the present invention, and preferred especially Tb-Dy-Fe is a rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material.
The preferred version of other component materials is in the transducer of the present invention; coiling Electromagnetic Drive coil is selected the copper cash of tape insulation layer or protective seam for use; transducer housing, output connecting link, pretightning force set nut, the preferred stainless steel material of vibration IOB base material; a kind of in vibration IOB front end material selection stainless steel, titanium alloy, duralumin, nylon, the engineering plastics, the preferred permanance of O-ring seals is silicon rubber or fluororubber preferably.
In the magnetostrictive transducer of the present invention, vibration IOB front end contacts with detected object, at the Electromagnetic Drive coil) under the field drives, the magnetostriction materials rod produces displacement output, vibration IOB front end produces a vibration output, object to be detected is produced an impact, form and impact sound wave, and import in the testee.When import in the Electromagnetic Drive coil be pulse current the time, transducer is launched with pulse mode, produces pulse shock.When import in the Electromagnetic Drive coil be continuous alternating current the time, transducer is launched in a continuous manner, produces the continuous shaking ripple.
Transducer of the present invention has many important advantages.It at first is the output one-way of transducer, because an end of magnetostriction materials and the bottom of transducer housing adopt resin bonding to be fixed together, become one, the deformation output of magnetostriction materials is only exported along the other end, can improve the output amplitude and the output energy of transducer, transducer output amplitude than the two-way output of present screw pre-tightening can double, and the output energy can improve more than 40%.Next is that the magnetostriction materials pretightning force can be controlled and regulate in the transducer, by auxiliary pretightning force bringing device, can accurately measure and control pretightning force, therefore can apply best pretightning force to magnetostriction materials according to design, and in pre-fastening structure of the present invention, also solved transducer use in pretightning force change and pretightning force applies not problem over against the material production shearing force, can stablize the performance of transducer, improve the consistance of transducer.The 3rd; the embedding of employing resin forms the protection to critical material among the present invention; particularly for magnetostriction performance height but the rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material of bad mechanical property forms protection; improve the shock resistance and the fracture resistance of magnetostriction materials; critical material is not fragile, has improved the reliability of transducer.The 4th, transducer architecture of the present invention is simple, and has motive seal, has waterproof, moistureproof ability, easy manufacturing, easy-maintaining, and cost is low, can be applicable to field operation environment.
Transducer of the present invention can be used for the sound wave Non-Destructive Testing of foundation pile, anchor pole, bridge, building, mixed clay structure spare etc., is not limited to the application in these fields.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of one of preferred transducer.Wherein, the housing 1 of an end opening, epoxy resin 2, Electromagnetic Drive coil 3, magnetostriction materials 4, output connecting link 5, prefastening force spring 6, pretightning force set nut 7, O shape O-ring seal 8, vibration IOB pedestal 9, vibration IOB front end 10, waterproof power supply deck 12.
Fig. 2 is two a structural drawing of preferred transducer.Wherein, the housing 1 of an end opening, epoxy resin 2, Electromagnetic Drive coil 3, magnetostriction materials 4, output connecting link 5, prefastening force spring 6, pretightning force set nut 7, O shape O-ring seal 8, vibration IOB pedestal 9, vibration IOB front end 10, transducer waterproof trigger switch 11, waterproof power supply deck 12.
Fig. 3 is two a exploded view of preferential transducer.
Fig. 4 is three a structural drawing of preferential transducer.Wherein, the vibration IOB pedestal of the housing 1 of an end opening, epoxy resin 2, Electromagnetic Drive coil 3, magnetostriction materials 4, output connecting link 5, prefastening force spring 6, pretightning force set nut 7, O shape O-ring seal 8, one and vibration IOB front end 9, transducer waterproof trigger switch 11, waterproof power supply deck 12.
Fig. 5 pretightning force is measured and control structure figure.Wherein, output connecting link 5, prefastening force spring 6, pretightning force set nut 7, pretightning force are adjusted auxiliary nut 13.
Fig. 6 prefastening force spring decrement with the spring tension graph of relation.
Fig. 7 priority scheme embodiment transducer frequency response output characteristics figure.
Fig. 8 hangs down strain reflected pile foundation testing result figure
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing shows the of the present invention various preferential embodiment that only are used for illustration purpose.Structure that the professional and technical personnel describes from following discussion and method can alternative embodiments, but do not deviate from principle of the present invention.
Fig. 1 has shown a kind of example structure synoptic diagram of transducer of the present invention.This transducer is by the housing 1 of one one end opening (upper end), end sealing (bottom), and wherein Electromagnetic Drive coil 3, magnetostriction materials rod 4 are packed in the housing, and is fixed on the bottom of housing with resin embedding 2; One end has the step other end to have to be with in the middle of the externally threaded output connecting link 5 prefastening force spring 6 and center that the pretightning force set nut 7 of through hole is arranged, and the step end of output connecting link is connected with magnetostrictive rod 4, thread end with vibrate IOB pedestal 9 and be connected; O shape O-ring seal 8 is installed in the seal groove of vibration IOB pedestal 9, and forms hermetically-sealed construction with housing 1 inboard; Vibration IOB front end 10 links together with vibration IOB pedestal 9; In the housing bottom waterproof power supply deck 12 is arranged, the power lead of Electromagnetic Drive coil 3 is connected with external control power supply by deck.Core vibration source material selection Fe-Ga series magnetostriction bar in the transducer, the composition of material is Fe81Ga19, is the orientation polycrystalline material of axial [100] direction growth, material is of a size of diameter: 10 millimeters, 120 millimeters of length.Other material selection be respectively: Electromagnetic Drive coil 3 is selected the copper high temperature lacquer envelope curve of tape insulation layer for use, transducer housing 1, output connecting link 5, pretightning force set nut 7, vibration IOB pedestal 9 materials are stainless steel material, vibration IOB front end 10 is a changeable type, selected nylon and stainless steel material respectively for use, O-ring seals 8 is a silicon rubber.At first drive coil and magnetostriction materials are placed bottom in the housing during assembling, and keep drive coil, magnetostriction materials, housing concentric, pour into the epoxy resin that modulates in advance, for improving the bonding strength of resin, can in resin, add 3% alumina powder, pouring into amount of resin can not solidify down at 80～120 ℃ above the top (free end) of magnetostrictive rod.Prefastening force spring is 4 B16 butterfly springs, according to mode shown in Figure 5, with 4 butterfly springs in twos symmetry be inserted in output connecting link on, be inserted in pretightning force set nut and pretightning force more respectively and adjust auxiliary nut, tighten the auxiliary nut compression spring of adjusting, with height after the compression of kind of calliper spring, according to amount of spring compression～spring tension curve calculation spring tension, till the tension force of adjusting to design.The tension force of spring (pretightning force) is designed to 125 ± 6.25 kilograms in the present embodiment.The external thread by the pretightning force set nut and the internal thread of housing are packed pretightning force mechanism in the transducer housing, up to the step of output connecting link with till the free end face of magnetostriction materials contacts, unclamp then and withdraw from pretightning force and adjust auxiliary nut, this moment, spring tension all was applied on the magnetostriction materials.O-ring seals is packed in the seal groove of vibration IOB pedestal, can smear one deck seal grease on the O-ring seal surface before packing into, as vacuum grease etc., the vibration IOB pedestal that will have O-ring seal by being threaded of screw thread on the output connecting link and vibration IOB pedestal center pit is packed in the housing then.To vibrate the IOB front end again links together both by the threaded rod of screwed hole of centre with vibration IOB pedestal.The wiring deck of packing at last.The transducer of finishing is a Long-distance Control pulse transmitting transducer, and main performance index is as follows: 5 milliseconds of emission pulsewidths, pulse power 18KW.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have shown the another kind of example structure and the decomposing schematic representation of transducer of the present invention.This transducer is by the housing 1 of one one end opening (upper end), end sealing (bottom), and wherein Electromagnetic Drive coil 3, magnetostriction materials rod 4 are packed in the housing, and is fixed on the bottom of housing with resin embedding 2; One end has the step other end to have to be with in the middle of the externally threaded output connecting link 5 prefastening force spring 6 and center that the pretightning force set nut 7 of through hole is arranged, and the step end of output connecting link is connected with magnetostrictive rod 4, thread end with vibrate IOB pedestal 9 and be connected; O shape O-ring seal 8 is installed in the seal groove of vibration IOB pedestal 9, and forms hermetically-sealed construction with housing 1 inboard; Vibration IOB front end 10 links together with vibration IOB pedestal 9; In the housing bottom waterproof power supply deck 12 and a waterproof trigger switch 11 are arranged, the power lead of Electromagnetic Drive coil 3 and waterproof trigger switch 11 is connected with external control power supply by deck 12.Core vibration source material selection Fe-Ga-Al series magnetostriction bar in the transducer, the composition of material is Fe80Ga17Al3, is the orientation polycrystalline material of axial [100] direction growth, material is of a size of diameter: 12 millimeters, 140 millimeters of length.Other material selection be respectively: Electromagnetic Drive coil 3 is selected the copper high temperature lacquer envelope curve of tape insulation layer for use, transducer housing 1, output connecting link 5, pretightning force set nut 7, vibration IOB pedestal 9 materials are stainless steel material, vibration IOB front end 10 is a changeable type, selected nylon and titanium alloy material respectively for use, O-ring seals 8 is a fluororubber.Pretightning force is designed to 180 ± 9 kilograms, selects for use 4 A16 butterfly springs to make prefastening force spring.The assembling process of transducer is at first drive coil, magnetostriction bar to be packed in the transducer housing, it is fixed to pour into epoxy resin, after the curing again by the openend of housing pack into pretightning force mechanism, O-ring seals, vibration IOB pedestal, vibration IOB front end, pack in the bottom of housing waterproof sealing power supply deck and trigger switch.This embodiment transducer is from the trigger pulse transmitting transducer, and the main performance index of transducer is: 6 milliseconds of fire pulse width, pulse power 25KW.
Fig. 4 has shown the third example structure synoptic diagram of transducer of the present invention.This transducer is by the housing 1 of one one end opening (upper end), end sealing (bottom), and wherein Electromagnetic Drive coil 3, magnetostriction materials rod 4 are packed in the housing, and is fixed on the bottom of housing with resin embedding 2; One end has the step other end to have to be with in the middle of the externally threaded output connecting link 5 prefastening force spring 6 and center that the pretightning force set nut 7 of through hole is arranged, and the step end of output connecting link is connected with magnetostrictive rod 4, thread end with vibrate IOB 9 and be connected; O shape O-ring seal 8 is installed in the seal groove of vibration IOB 9, and forms hermetically-sealed construction with housing 1 inboard; In the housing bottom waterproof power supply deck 12 and a waterproof trigger switch 11 are arranged, the power lead of Electromagnetic Drive coil 3 and waterproof trigger switch 11 is connected with external control power supply by deck 12.Core vibration source material selection Tb-Dy-Fe is the rareearth super magnetostrictive bar in the transducer, and the composition of material is Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95, is the orientation polycrystalline material of axial [112] direction growth, and material is of a size of diameter: 15 millimeters, and 120 millimeters of length.Other material selection be respectively: Electromagnetic Drive coil 3 is selected copper silk yarn covered wire for use, and transducer housing 1, output connecting link 5, prestress set nut 7, vibration IOB 9 materials are stainless steel material, and O-ring seals 8 is a fluororubber.Pretightning force is designed to 140 ± 7 kilograms, selects for use 4 B20 butterfly springs to make prefastening force spring.The assembling process of transducer is at first drive coil, magnetostriction bar to be packed in the transducer housing, it is fixed to pour into epoxy resin, after the curing again by the openend of housing pack into pretightning force mechanism, O-ring seals, vibration IOB, pack in the bottom of housing waterproof sealing power supply deck and trigger switch.This embodiment transducer is the pulse emission and launches difunctional transducer continuously that triggering mode is divided into from triggering and external trigger, adopts external trigger when pulse is launched, can be from triggering or external trigger when launching continuously.Fig. 7 is this embodiment transducer frequency response characteristic.Can select frequency 5.4kHz or 10.4kHz when launching continuously.The main performance index of transducer is: during the pulse emission: 5 milliseconds of fire pulse width, pulse power 35kW; When launching continuously: transmission frequency 5.4kHz or 10.4kHz, maximum transmission power 8kW.
Fig. 8 adopts embodiment 3 transducers to mix the earth pile foundation to detect example.The pile foundation of test is 1.2 meters of diameters, 20 meters of length.Transducer adopts the pulse mode emission, triggers transponder pulse power 35kW certainly.
The description of content of the present invention and embodiment provides a kind of magnetostrictive transducer.More than discussion only discloses and describes illustrative methods of the present invention and embodiment, is not limited to described embodiment and improvement.Those skilled in the art it will be appreciated that the present invention can not deviate from right content of the present invention with other concrete form realization.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of magnetostrictive transducer used for sound wave nondestructive examination comprises: the vibration IOB pedestal of housing, epoxy resin, Electromagnetic Drive coil, magnetostriction materials, output connecting link, prefastening force spring, pretightning force set nut, O shape O-ring seal, one and vibration IOB front end, transducer waterproof trigger switch, waterproof power supply deck; It is characterized in that having the housing (1) of a upper end open, bottom sealing, wherein, Electromagnetic Drive coil (3), magnetostriction materials rod (4) are packed in the housing, and are fixed on the bottom of housing with resin embedding (2); One end has the step other end to have externally threaded output connecting link (5) centre to be with prefastening force spring (6) and there are through hole, the threaded pretightning force set nut in the outside (7) in the center, output connecting link (5) has an end of step to be connected with magnetostrictive rod (4), and thread end is connected with vibration IOB pedestal (9); O shape O-ring seal (8) is installed in the seal groove of vibration IOB pedestal (9), and forms hermetically-sealed construction with housing (1) inboard; Vibration IOB front end (10) links together with vibration IOB pedestal (9); A waterproof trigger switch (11) and a waterproof power supply deck (12) are arranged in the housing bottom, and Electromagnetic Drive coil (3) is connected with external power supply by deck with the power lead of waterproof trigger switch (11); There is one section helicitic texture transducer housing (1) inboard, is used for fixing pretightning force set nut (7); Transducer is launched with pulse mode, produces pulse shock; Perhaps emission in a continuous manner produces the continuous shaking ripple; Be used for the sound wave Non-Destructive Testing of foundation pile, anchor pole, bridge, building, mixed clay structure spare.
According to the described transducer of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, Electromagnetic Drive coil (3), magnetostriction materials rod (4) are fixed in the transducer housing (1) with epoxy resin embedding (2) and become one, form fixing and protection the magnetostriction materials rod.
3, require described transducer according to right 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: magnetostriction materials rod (4) is a stiff end with the end that the housing bottom is fixed together, and an end that is connected with the output connecting link is a free end; Magnetostriction materials rod (4) is under Electromagnetic Drive coil (3) field drives, axially deform along rod, export a displacement by free end to the output connecting link (5) that is attached thereto, and drive vibration IOB pedestal (9) and vibration IOB front end (10) motion.
4, require described transducer according to right 1, it is characterized in that, vibration IOB front end (10) contacts with detected object, when magnetostriction materials rod (4) produces displacement output, vibration IOB front end produces a motion output, object to be detected is produced an impact, form and impact sound wave, and import in the testee.
5, require described transducer according to right 1, it is characterized in that, output connecting link (5) one ends are boss, and the other end is a screw thread; There is threaded hole at vibration IOB pedestal (9) one end centers, and other end center is a screw rod; Output connecting link (5) links together by screw thread and vibration IOB pedestal (9); Vibration IOB pedestal (9) links together by center bolt and vibration IOB front end (10).
6, require described transducer according to right 1 or 5, it is characterized in that, vibration IOB front end (10) is an one with vibration IOB pedestal (9).
7, require described transducer according to right 1, it is characterized in that, transducer housing is an end opening, an end enclosed construction, and wiring deck (12) on blind end and triggering deck (11) are all selected the deck with waterproof ability for use; At the openend of transducer housing, by O shape O-ring seal (8) in the seal groove on vibration IOB (9) pedestal, the seal groove and the inboard formation of housing motive seal.
8, require described transducer according to right 1, it is characterized in that: a kind of in Tb-Dy-Fe series magnetostriction material or Fe-Ga series magnetostriction material, the Fe-Ga-Al series magnetostriction material of magnetostriction materials rod (4).
9, require described transducer according to right 1, it is characterized in that: Electromagnetic Drive coil (3) is that the copper cash by tape insulation layer or protective seam turns to; Housing (1), output connecting link (5), pretightning force set nut (7), vibration IOB pedestal (9) material are stainless steel; Vibration IOB front end (10) material is a kind of in stainless steel, titanium alloy, duralumin, nylon, the engineering plastics.
10, require described transducer according to right 1, it is characterized in that: the magnetostriction materials pretightning force is applied mode is, respectively prefastening force spring (6) and pretightning force adjusting lock nut (7) are inserted in output connecting link (5) by the thread end of exporting connecting link (5), adjusting auxiliary nut with pretightning force again tightens, form the pretightning force assembly, measure the spring height after compressing, calculate the force of compression of spring, this force of compression value is removed in the cross-sectional area of magnetostriction materials, is back magnetostriction materials pretightning force is installed; Above-mentioned pretightning force assembly is screwed in the housing by pretightning force set nut (7) and transducer housing (1) internal thread, only contact with magnetostriction materials rod free end face up to output connecting link (5), the pretightning force of unclamping on the output connecting link (5) is adjusted auxiliary nut, retracting spring power applies pretightning force to magnetostriction materials.
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| CN2009100773437A CN101526503B (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2009-02-19 | Magnetostrictive transducer used for sound wave nondestructive examination |
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| CN2009100773437A CN101526503B (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2009-02-19 | Magnetostrictive transducer used for sound wave nondestructive examination |
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| CN102539540A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2012-07-04 | 大连交通大学 | Giant magnetostriction transducer with function of ultrasonic guided wave excitation and receiving at same end |
| CN102830181A (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2012-12-19 | 江苏三合声源超声波科技有限公司 | Stress detection apparatus for ultrasonic probe |
| CN103323535A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-25 | 北京理工大学 | Ultrasonic detection device for residual stress on near surface of hole or cavity |
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| CN102539540A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2012-07-04 | 大连交通大学 | Giant magnetostriction transducer with function of ultrasonic guided wave excitation and receiving at same end |
| CN102539540B (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2013-10-23 | 大连交通大学 | Giant magnetostriction transducer with function of ultrasonic guided wave excitation and receiving at same end |
| CN103323535A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-25 | 北京理工大学 | Ultrasonic detection device for residual stress on near surface of hole or cavity |
| CN102830181A (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2012-12-19 | 江苏三合声源超声波科技有限公司 | Stress detection apparatus for ultrasonic probe |
| CN103762891A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-30 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Columnar giant magnetostrictive telescopic energy harvester |
| CN103762890A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-30 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Super magnetostriction vibration energy collector for carrying out amplification through flexible hinge |
| CN103762890B (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2016-01-13 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Adopt the ultra-magnetic telescopic vibrational energy collector that flexible hinge amplifies |
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| CN106525969A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-03-22 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Device and method for carrying out nondestructive testing on anchor rod by adopting cosine linear scanning signal |
| CN106814140A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-09 | 江苏大学 | A kind of ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave for pipe surface coupling encourages transducer |
| CN106814140B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2019-08-02 | 江苏大学 | A kind of ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave excitation energy converter for pipe surface coupling |
| CN114112743A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2022-03-01 | 西安石油大学 | Electromagnetic Hopkinson bar and stress wave generator thereof |
| CN114112743B (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2024-04-05 | 西安石油大学 | Electromagnetic hopkinson rod and stress wave generator thereof |
| CN112892681A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-04 | 孙琦 | Broken recycle device of building rubbish for building engineering |
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