CN114112743B - Electromagnetic hopkinson rod and stress wave generator thereof - Google Patents
Electromagnetic hopkinson rod and stress wave generator thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/317—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic Hopkinson bar and a stress wave generator thereof, wherein the stress wave generator comprises: an electromagnetic shell, the side wall of which is wound with a spiral coil; a magnetostrictive core disposed inside the electromagnetic shell; wherein a buffer spring is arranged between the magnetostrictive core and the electromagnetic shell; the electromagnetic shell is characterized in that a pulse magnetic field is formed inside the electromagnetic shell after the spiral coil is discharged, the magnetostrictive core generates stress waves under the action of the magnetic field, and the stress waves are transmitted into an incident rod connected with the magnetostrictive core. The invention can avoid the defect that the traditional electromagnetic Hopkinson bar stress wave generator cannot generate large displacement deformation, and can generate stress waves with larger amplitude under the action of smaller magnetic fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic mechanical property test technology of a material, in particular to an electromagnetic Hopkinson bar and a stress wave generator thereof.
Background
At present, the split Hopkinson pressure bar technology is most widely used in the field of dynamic mechanical testing. The method uses two compression bars to load the sample clamped in the middle through the acceleration pulse generated by the impact or explosion of the accelerated short bar. And simultaneously, a strain gauge stuck on the pressure bar is used for recording pulse signals. The strain rate, strain and stress change history of the test sample are calculated using the incident wave, reflected wave and transmitted wave recorded by the strain gauge.
The Hopkinson pressure bar equipment in the prior art impacts the incident bar end through bullets separated from the incident bar, generates incident waves at the incident bar end to load a sample, cannot accurately control the generation time of stress waves, and the corresponding relation between the impact speed and the air pressure is difficult to determine, so that the amplitude of the incident waves cannot be accurately controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an electromagnetic Hopkinson bar and a stress wave generator thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the generation time of stress waves cannot be accurately controlled, the amplitude of stress waves with high amplitude and large pulse width is too fast in attenuation, the charging voltage is too high and the like in the prior art.
According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a stress wave generator for an electromagnetic hopkinson bar comprising: an electromagnetic shell, the side wall of which is wound with a spiral coil; a magnetostrictive core disposed inside the electromagnetic shell; wherein a buffer spring is arranged between the magnetostrictive core and the electromagnetic shell; the electromagnetic shell is characterized in that a pulse magnetic field is formed inside the electromagnetic shell after the spiral coil is discharged, the magnetostrictive core generates stress waves under the action of the magnetic field, and the stress waves are transmitted into an incident rod connected with the magnetostrictive core.
Wherein the magnetostrictive core comprises: the device comprises an input end, a stress wave amplifying section, a stress wave generating section and a buffer end; the stress wave generation section is in a cylinder shape, one end of the stress wave generation section is connected with the stress wave amplification section, and the other end of the stress wave generation section is the buffer end; the stress wave amplifying section is in a cylinder shape, one end of the stress wave amplifying section is connected with the stress wave generating section, and the other end of the stress wave amplifying section is the input end; the input end is provided with a connecting hole connected with the incidence rod.
Wherein the electromagnetic shell is made of a non-magnetic conductive material and comprises a side wall and a bottom shell; wherein the side wall includes a winding section for winding the helical coil; the thickness of the bottom shell is larger than that of the winding section, and the buffer spring is fixed on the inner side of the bottom shell.
The buffering end of the magnetostrictive core is in contact with the buffering spring, the stress wave generation section of the magnetostrictive core is arranged in the electromagnetic shell, and the stress wave amplification section of the magnetostrictive core protrudes out of the electromagnetic shell.
The side wall of the electromagnetic shell and the stress wave generation section of the magnetostrictive core form clearance fit.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided an electromagnetic hopkinson bar including: a stress wave generator, an incident beam and a transmission beam; the stress wave generator is connected with the incidence rod, and a sample is clamped between the incidence rod and the transmission rod; the stress wave generator comprises: an electromagnetic shell, the side wall of which is wound with a spiral coil; a magnetostrictive core disposed inside the electromagnetic shell; wherein a buffer spring is arranged between the magnetostrictive core and the electromagnetic shell; wherein, the spiral coil forms the pulse magnetic field in the electromagnetic shell after being discharged, and the magnetostriction core produces the stress wave under the effect of magnetic field, and transmits the stress wave into the incident rod.
Wherein, magnetostriction core is variable cross section cylinder structure, magnetostriction core includes: the device comprises an input end, a stress wave amplifying section, a stress wave generating section and a buffer end; the stress wave generation section is a cylinder, one end of the stress wave generation section is connected with the stress wave amplification section, and the other end of the stress wave generation section is the buffer end; the stress wave amplifying section is a cone, one end of the cone is connected with the stress wave generating section, and the other end of the cone is the input end; the input end is provided with a connecting hole connected with the incidence rod.
Wherein the electromagnetic shell is made of a non-magnetic conductive material and comprises a side wall and a bottom shell; wherein the side wall includes a winding section for winding the helical coil; the thickness of the bottom shell is larger than that of the winding section, and the buffer spring is fixed on the inner side of the bottom shell.
The buffering end of the magnetostrictive core is in contact with the buffering spring, the stress wave generation section of the magnetostrictive core is arranged in the electromagnetic shell, and the stress wave amplification section of the magnetostrictive core protrudes out of the electromagnetic shell.
The magnetic core is characterized in that one end of the incidence rod is provided with threads, and the incidence rod is connected with the magnetostrictive core through threads.
According to the technical scheme, through adopting the structure of the coil loop magnetostrictive core, the magnetic field generated in the discharging process integrally covers the magnetostrictive core material, so that the rapid attenuation of the magnetic field effect caused by the integral displacement of the magnetostrictive core is avoided, and the defect that the traditional electromagnetic Hopkinson bar stress wave generator cannot generate large displacement deformation is avoided; in addition, the magnetostrictive material is used as a main part for generating stress waves, and has strong deformability in a magnetic field, so that stress waves with larger amplitude can be generated under the action of a smaller magnetic field, the discharge voltage and current of the stress wave generator are reduced, and the safety of equipment is ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic structural views of a stress wave generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a magnetostrictive core according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic hopkinson penetration rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The following describes in detail the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, there is shown a schematic illustration of an axial cross-section of a stress wave generator according to an embodiment of the invention, the stress wave generator comprising: an electromagnetic shell 11 and a magnetostrictive core 12, the magnetostrictive core 12 being disposed inside the electromagnetic shell 11.
As shown, the electromagnetic shell 11 is made of a non-magnetically conductive material, such as a titanium alloy material. The electromagnetic shell 11 has a generally barrel-like structure including a side wall 111 and a bottom shell 112. Wherein the side wall 111 comprises a winding section 113 for winding a spiral coil 115, the spiral coil 115 being capable of generating a momentary magnetic field by discharging. The two ends of the winding section 113 are provided with wall thickness-variable steps so as to facilitate the fixation of winding; the thickness of the bottom shell 112 is greater than that of the winding section 113, for example, the wall thickness of the winding section 113 is 1-5mm, and the thickness of the bottom shell 112 is 10mm. A plurality of positioning holes are formed in the inner wall of the bottom case 112, and the positioning holes are used for fixing the buffer springs 114.
As shown in FIG. 3, the magnetostrictive core 12 has a variable cross-section cylindrical structure and is made of a magnetostrictive material, such as Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 super magnetostrictive alloy. The magnetostrictive core 12 specifically comprises: an input 121, a stress wave amplifying segment 122, a stress wave generating segment 123, and a buffer 124. Specifically, the stress wave amplifying section 122 is cone, and the stress wave amplifying section 122 protrudes out of the electromagnetic shell 11 wholly or mostly. The stress wave amplifying section 122 has a large diameter end and a small diameter end, the large diameter end of the stress wave amplifying section 122 is connected with the stress wave generating section 123, and the small diameter end is the input end 121. The stress wave generating section 123 is a cylinder, and the whole or most part of the stress wave generating section 123 is located in the electromagnetic shell 11, that is, the stress wave generating section 123 contacts with the inner wall of the side wall of the electromagnetic shell 11, one end of the stress wave generating section 123 is connected with the stress wave amplifying section 122, and the other end is the buffer end 124. The center of the input end 121 is provided with a connecting hole matched with the incident rod, the connecting hole is an internal threaded hole, and the depth is not greater than the length of the stress wave amplifying section 122.
In certain embodiments of the present application, the stress wave generating segment 123 may be 100mm in diameter and 200mm in length. The length of the stress wave amplifying section 122 may be 50mm, the maximum diameter of the stress wave amplifying section is equal to the diameter of the stress wave generating section, for example, may be 100mm, the diameter of the small diameter end may be 25mm, the connecting hole may be M20, and the depth may be 10mm.
When the stress wave generator is installed, a plurality of buffer springs are respectively installed in positioning holes on the inner wall of the bottom shell 112, then the magnetostrictive core 12 is coaxially nested and installed in the bottom shell 112, when the magnetostrictive core is installed, the buffer end 124 of the magnetostrictive core 12 is installed towards the bottom shell 112 of the electromagnetic shell and fully contacts with the free end of the buffer spring 114, and the side wall 111 of the electromagnetic shell 11 and the stress wave generation section 123 form clearance fit.
When compression loading is performed, a pulse magnetic field is formed inside the electromagnetic shell 11 after the spiral coil 115 is discharged, the magnetostrictive core 12 generates a compression stress wave under the action of the magnetic field, and the compression stress wave is transmitted into an incident rod connected with the magnetostrictive core.
Referring to fig. 4, an electromagnetic hopkinson penetration rod according to an embodiment of the present application includes: stress wave generator 1, incident beam 2, sample 3, transmission beam 4, strain gauge 5, buffer 6, capacitance charger 7, power supply 8 and data collector 9.
The diameter of the transmission rod 4 can be 20mm, the length of the transmission rod can be 2m, the material and the size of the incident rod 2 are identical to those of the transmission rod 4, and an external thread is machined at one end of the incident rod. The end of the incidence rod 2 with external threads faces the stress wave generator 1 and is connected with the connecting hole of the magnetostrictive core through threads. The supporting heights of the incidence rod 2 and the transmission rod 4 are adjusted so that the incidence rod 2 and the transmission rod 4 can freely move in the axial direction. The sample 3 is clamped between the incidence rod 2 and the transmission rod 4, and the sample 3 is coaxial with the incidence rod 2 and the transmission rod 4, the diameter of the sample 3 can be 8mm, the length can be 8mm, and the material can be 2024 aluminum alloy.
And 2 strain gauges 5 which are in axisymmetry are respectively stuck on the surfaces of the incidence rod 2 and the transmission rod 4, and the strain gauge leads are connected into a data acquisition device 9. The strain gauge can adopt an electromagnetic shielding strain gauge, and the data acquisition device 9 adopts a system with an electromagnetic shielding function so as to avoid interference of an electromagnetic field in the experimental process on a data acquisition signal.
The capacitor charger 7 can adopt a power supply part of electromagnetic riveting equipment in the prior art, and the power supply 8 adopts 220V alternating current. When the capacitor charger 7 is connected to the stress wave generator 1, the positive output line of the output of the capacitor charger 7 is connected to the positive electrode line of the electromagnetic shell coil 115, and the negative output line of the capacitor charger 7 is connected to the negative electrode line of the electromagnetic shell coil 115.
In the embodiment of the application, 10 electrolytic capacitors with rated voltage of 1000V and rated capacitance of 2000 microfarads are connected in parallel to form a capacitor bank, the capacitor bank and an electronic switch are arranged in a capacitor box, and the electronic switch is used for controlling the discharging of the capacitor bank. The control box mainly comprises a PLC and a control system thereof. The control system mainly comprises an analog control part, a digital control part and a digital display part. Wherein the analog control part adopts a TCA785 chip of SIEMENS company. The digital control part consists of Siemens S7-200 series CPU224 and Siemens analog input/output expansion module EM 235. The charging voltage control is realized mainly by PID control modes of a voltage loop and a current loop. The digital display part mainly consists of a text display TD200 of the S7-200 series.
The buffer 6 is used for buffering inertia force caused by the integral movement of the transmission rod and limiting the axial displacement of the transmission rod so as to avoid damage to the strain gauge due to overlarge displacement of the transmission rod.
After the capacitor charger is charged, the capacitor charger discharges the electromagnetic shell of the stress wave generator, and instant strong current pulse generated by capacitor discharge passes through a coil wound on the electromagnetic shell and forms an instant changing pulse magnetic field inside the electromagnetic shell. The magnetostrictive core in the electromagnetic shell generates instant compression deformation under the action of an instant magnetic field, the deformation leads to the generation of interaction force between protons in the magnetostrictive core, the interaction force propagates in the magnetostrictive core in a stress wave mode, and is transmitted into an incident rod through a connecting thread after the stress wave amplifying section and the amplifying section, when the discharge is finished, the magnetic field in the electromagnetic shell disappears, and the stress wave in the magnetostrictive core is also finished, so that the pulse time of the stress wave generated in the stress wave generator is the same as the discharge time of the capacitor charger. When an incident wave passes to the contact surface of the incident rod and the sample, a part of the incident wave is reflected to form a reflected wave in the incident rod, and the other part is transmitted into the transmission rod through the sample to form a transmitted wave due to the mismatch of wave impedance. The shape and amplitude of the reflected wave and the transmitted wave are determined by the sample material properties. The data acquisition device records the signals of the incident wave and the reflected wave through the strain gauge attached to the incident rod, and records the signals of the transmitted wave through the strain gauge attached to the transmission rod. And obtaining a dynamic compressive stress strain curve of the test piece by using the reflected wave and the transmitted wave signals recorded by the data acquisition device through a one-wave method.
According to the technical scheme of the application, at least one of the following effects is achieved:
1. the magnetostrictive material is used as the sensing material in the stress wave generator, and has strong deformability in a magnetic field, so that larger stress waves can be generated through smaller current, and potential hazards caused by high-voltage discharge are avoided.
2. The structure of the magnetostrictive core is adopted, the magnetic field generated in the discharging process is integrally covered on the magnetostrictive core material, the rapid attenuation of the magnetic field effect caused by the integral displacement of the magnetostrictive core is avoided, and the defect that the traditional electromagnetic Hopkinson pressure bar stress wave generator cannot generate large displacement deformation is avoided.
3. The power supply part of the existing electromagnetic riveting equipment is adopted, the technology is mature in the electromagnetic riveting equipment, can be directly applied, stores energy through charging of a capacitor, and discharges through connecting a capacitor and an electromagnetic shell coil to form an LC circuit, so that the controllability of energy storage is met, the characteristic of LC discharge current is utilized, instant electromagnetic pulse is realized, and stress waves are directly generated in a magnetostrictive core.
4. According to the stress wave generator, in the whole stress wave generation process, no macroscopic motion of a mechanical structure exists, the generation of the stress wave is completely controlled by the discharge switch, the magnetostrictive core is connected with the incident rod through threads, errors caused by mechanical assembly are reduced, the problem that the occurrence time of the stress wave in the through-mechanical impact type Hopkinson rod cannot be controlled accurately is solved, and a foundation is laid for dynamic multi-axis loading equipment.
5. The magnetostrictive core is a variable-section column, and the stress wave amplifying section and the stress wave generating section are connected together so that the axial thickness of the stress wave amplifying section and the stress wave generating section is enough to support bending moment load brought by a stress wave, so that the stress wave is difficult to deform in the process of generating the stress wave, and the problem that a secondary coil of a traditional electromagnetic stress wave generator is easy to deform is solved.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The above description is only an example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A stress wave generator for an electromagnetic hopkinson bar, comprising:
an electromagnetic shell, the side wall of which is wound with a spiral coil;
a magnetostrictive core disposed inside the electromagnetic shell; wherein a buffer spring is arranged between the magnetostrictive core and the electromagnetic shell; the magnetostrictive core comprises: the device comprises an input end, a stress wave amplifying section, a stress wave generating section and a buffer end; one end of the stress wave generation section is connected with the stress wave amplification section, and the other end of the stress wave generation section is the buffer end; one end of the stress wave amplifying section is connected with the stress wave generating section, and the other end of the stress wave amplifying section is the input end;
the electromagnetic shell is provided with a magnetic field, a magnetic field is formed inside the electromagnetic shell after the spiral coil is discharged, the magnetostrictive core generates stress waves under the action of the magnetic field and propagates inside the magnetostrictive core, the stress waves are amplified in the stress wave amplifying section, and the amplified stress waves are transmitted into an incident rod connected with the magnetostrictive core.
2. The stress wave generator of claim 1, wherein the stress wave generating segment is cylindrical; the stress wave amplifying section is a cone; the input end is provided with a connecting hole connected with the incidence rod.
3. The stress wave generator of claim 2, wherein the electromagnetic shell is made of a non-magnetically conductive material, the electromagnetic shell comprising a side wall and a bottom shell; wherein the side wall includes a winding section for winding the helical coil; the thickness of the bottom shell is larger than that of the winding section, and the buffer spring is fixed on the inner side of the bottom shell.
4. A stress wave generator according to claim 3, wherein the buffer end of the magnetostrictive core is in contact with the buffer spring, the stress wave generating segment of the magnetostrictive core being disposed within the electromagnetic shell, the stress wave amplifying segment of the magnetostrictive core protruding from the electromagnetic shell.
5. The stress wave generator of claim 4 wherein the sidewall of the electromagnetic shell forms a clearance fit with the stress wave generating segment of the magnetostrictive core.
6. An electromagnetic hopkinson bar comprising: a stress wave generator, an incident beam and a transmission beam; the stress wave generator is connected with the incidence rod, and a sample is clamped between the incidence rod and the transmission rod; the stress wave generator comprises:
an electromagnetic shell, the side wall of which is wound with a spiral coil;
a magnetostrictive core disposed inside the electromagnetic shell; wherein a buffer spring is arranged between the magnetostrictive core and the electromagnetic shell; the magnetostrictive core comprises: the device comprises an input end, a stress wave amplifying section, a stress wave generating section and a buffer end; one end of the stress wave generation section is connected with the stress wave amplification section, and the other end of the stress wave generation section is the buffer end; one end of the stress wave amplifying section is connected with the stress wave generating section, and the other end of the stress wave amplifying section is the input end;
the electromagnetic shell is provided with a magnetic field, a magnetostrictive core is arranged in the electromagnetic shell, a spiral coil is arranged in the electromagnetic shell, a pulse magnetic field is formed inside the electromagnetic shell after the spiral coil is discharged, a stress wave is generated by the magnetostrictive core under the action of the magnetic field and propagates inside the magnetostrictive core, the stress wave is amplified in the stress wave amplifying section, and the amplified stress wave is transmitted into the incident rod.
7. The electromagnetic hopkinson bar set forth in claim 6, wherein the magnetostrictive core is a variable cross-section cylinder structure; wherein the stress wave generation section is a cylinder; the stress wave amplifying section is a cone; the input end is provided with a connecting hole connected with the incidence rod.
8. The electromagnetic hopkinson bar set forth in claim 7, wherein the electromagnetic shell is made of a non-magnetically conductive material, the electromagnetic shell comprising a side wall and a bottom shell; wherein the side wall includes a winding section for winding the helical coil; the thickness of the bottom shell is larger than that of the winding section, and the buffer spring is fixed on the inner side of the bottom shell.
9. The electromagnetic hopkinson bar set forth in claim 7, wherein the buffer end of the magnetostrictive core is in contact with the buffer spring, the stress wave generating segment of the magnetostrictive core is disposed within the electromagnetic housing, and the stress wave amplifying segment of the magnetostrictive core protrudes from the electromagnetic housing.
10. The electromagnetic hopkinson bar set forth in claim 6, wherein the incident bar has threads at one end, the incident bar being threadably coupled to the magnetostrictive core.
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