CN106814140A - A kind of ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave for pipe surface coupling encourages transducer - Google Patents
A kind of ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave for pipe surface coupling encourages transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN106814140A CN106814140A CN201710123131.2A CN201710123131A CN106814140A CN 106814140 A CN106814140 A CN 106814140A CN 201710123131 A CN201710123131 A CN 201710123131A CN 106814140 A CN106814140 A CN 106814140A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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Abstract
Transducer, including closure head, outer casing base and vibrating elements are encouraged the invention discloses a kind of ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave for pipe surface coupling；Vibrating elements is shaped as blade type, and shank portion winding solenoid coil, knife portion couples with pipe surface, stretching vibration in the longitudinal direction；Connector is housed in transducer enclosure top cover, vibrating elements, backing unit, permanent magnet and matching layer are provided with outer casing base；Vibrating elements is bonded to one with matching layer using epoxide-resin glue；Backing unit is bonded to one with vibrating elements using epoxide-resin glue；Solenoid coil is close to be around on the handle of a knife position of vibrating elements and backing unit；One end end face of the shank section of vibrating elements is fixed in one end of permanent magnet；There is closed magnet circuit inside transducer.Electromechanical conversion efficiency of the invention is high, and guided wave excitation amplitude is big, and signal to noise ratio is high, and the response time is short, can on the spot be detected in pipeline optional position, and with absorption aftershock and enhancing sound intensity transmission rate function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of the cannot-harm-detection device of pipeline, more particularly to it is a kind of can be coupled with pipeline arbitrary surfaces it is fast
The ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave excitation transducer of speed detection defect of pipeline, belongs to technical field of nondestructive testing.
Background technology
Pipeline transportation is a kind of important mode of movement, especially at aspects such as oil, chemical industry, natural gas, urban water supplies
Play irreplaceable effect, but have during pipe leakage caused by the pipe damage caused by abrasion, burn into unexpected injury
Occur, the property and safety belt to the country and people greatly endanger, and can severe contamination environment, influence ecology.In order to subtract
Generation that is few or even avoiding such harm, industrial pipeline safety detection is particularly important.
At present, the conventional method of pipeline non-destructive testing mainly has：Ultrasound, ray, magnetic, vortex and infiltration technology, but this
The all necessary pointwise detection of a little technologies, detection speed is slow, it is impossible to suitable for the industrial pipeline detection of long range.Asked to solve these
Topic, supersonic guide-wave technology is arisen at the historic moment, and supersonic guide-wave technology largely overcomes such shortcoming, and it has declines along propagation path
Reduce, the characteristics of propagation distance is remote, and the signal for receiving is carried from excitation point to the overall information of the pipeline of receiving point, energy
Enough on-line checking long ranges, topping up and the pipeline with clad, advantage is bright in terms of the on-line checking of long range industrial pipeline
It is aobvious, it is a kind of Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement for getting a good eye value and being worthy to be popularized.
Existing transmitting transducer has several, and the magnetostriction materials of application are typically the transducing that stacked nickel sheet is made earliest
Device, its efficiency is low, high cost.Since the sixties, the piezoelectric transducer that piezoceramic material is made is always most general
Transducer, it is greatly improved than the efficiency of the transducer that nickel sheet is made, and engineering can be met in general and is used
It is required that.But because by piezoelectric ceramics, performance is limited in itself, driving force is not high enough, and the energy of excitation is smaller, energy conversion effect
Rate is relatively low, and signal to noise ratio is relatively low.20 century 70s, U.S. A.E.Clark is found that rare earth alloy, with ultra-magnetic telescopic effect
Should, the alloy is by maximum strain 6-20 bigger than the piezoelectric ceramics that traditional underwater acoustic transducer is used that magnetostrictive effect causes
Times, energy density is about 10-20 times of piezoelectric ceramics, and the velocity of sound only has the 2/3-3/4 of piezoelectric ceramics.Therefore, in same volume
Under conditions of, the resonant frequency 2/3-3/ lower than the resonant frequency of piezoelectric ceramics underwater acoustic transducer of ultra-magnetic telescopic underwater acoustic transducer
4.Because the transducer manufactured using rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material is had, transmission power is big, small volume, lightweight feature, makes
It has obtained enough attention and application at aspects such as development low-frequency high-power underwater acoustic transducers.The prosperity state such as the eighties, U.S.
Family has now been developed various rare earth transducers, and is applied to military field.The acoustical power that Sweden successfully have developed clearance reaches
The flextensional rare earth transducer of 151KW.
Patent document CN2458091Y discloses a kind of magnetostriction ultrasonic transducer, and magnetostriction materials are biased
Vibration, the vibration is produced to be passed by ultrasonic transformer in the presence of magnetic field and excitation coil.The transducer vibrations are stretched by mangneto
Compression material is produced, but the vibration for producing is transmitted indirectly by ultrasonic transformer, therefore the output of luffing vibration of bar only accounts for magnetostriction material
Expect a part for vibration, the energy loss of transducer is big, and efficiency is low.
Patent document CN105954362A discloses a kind of supersonic guide-wave generator for quick detection, and magnetic path body is used
Rare earth ultra-magnetostriction material is made, and its upper end is resisted against permanent magnet lower end surface, and its upper end is resisted against through window lower side
The end face of tested pipeline.The generator is limited only to the detection of pipeline end face, it is impossible to realize in the detection of pipeline arbitrary surfaces, this pole
Big limits its application, it is impossible to used in actually detected work.
Patent document CN1276272C, discloses a kind of RE supermagnetostrictiosound sound wave-emitting vibration source for multifunctional logging.Should
Vibration source is the transducer that a kind of use magnetostriction materials drive, and it has as two semi-round bars of phonation board, centre folder
A magnetostriction element is held, two semicircular rods is combined by screw, is positioned radially along rod in the middle of clamping
Magnetostriction element, forms cylindrical-shaped structure.When driving magnetic field is applied to magnetostriction element by driving coil, mangneto is stretched
Compression material produces deformation, makes the semi-round bar phonation board of clamping magnetostriction element produce flextensional to deform, and sends sound wave.The generation
The amplitude of device output is small, and eliminates aftershock without design absorbing material, does not also design matching layer to strengthen the sound intensity of transducer
Transmissivity.
The content of the invention
Output vibration amplitude it is an object of the invention to be directed to existing magneto strictive sensor is low, it is impossible to realize in pipeline
Surface testing, and the problem without design absorbing material and matching layer.Devise it is a kind of can be used for pipeline arbitrary surfaces detection
Output amplitude is big, and encourages transducer with the ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave for absorbing aftershock and enhancing sound intensity transmission rate function.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer for pipe surface coupling,
Including connector, closure head, outer casing base, vibrating elements, solenoid coil, permanent magnet, backing unit and matching layer；
The vibrating elements is terbium dysprosium ferrum Terfenol-D, is shaped as blade type, shank portion winding solenoid coil, knife portion
Coupled with pipe surface, in the longitudinal direction stretching vibration；Connector, the two of solenoid coil are housed in transducer enclosure top cover
End is connected with connector, and vibrating elements, backing unit, permanent magnet and matching layer are provided with outer casing base；Vibrating elements with match
Layer is bonded to one using epoxide-resin glue；Backing unit is bonded to one with vibrating elements using epoxide-resin glue；Solenoid
Coil is close to be around on the handle of a knife position of vibrating elements and backing unit, is bonded using insulated paint and insulated；One end of permanent magnet
One end end face of the shank section of vibrating elements is fixed on, the other end of permanent magnet is connected with outer casing base；There is spiral shell inside transducer
The closed magnet circuit that spool coil, vibrating elements, outer casing base, closure head, permanent magnet and vibrating elements are formed.
In such scheme, the vibrating elements includes that shank portion is used for wound around coil, and knife portion couples with pipe surface, shakes
The size of the stretching vibration in its longitudinal direction of dynamic element, width and thickness should be less than the 1/4~1/8 of length, vibrating elements
Length dimension is calculated by following formula according to detection frequency and designed,
Formula 1) in lTIt is length of material, f0It is resonant frequency, ETIt is elastic properties of materials coefficient, ρTIt is density of material.
In such scheme, the backing unit is highly attenuating, low-impedance back sheet, and formula is using carborundum, asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin
Fat, polysulfide rubber are by 12: 6: 4~18: 6: 4 proportional arrangement is formed.
In such scheme, the length and width size of the backing unit is consistent with the size of vibrating elements, backing unit
Height dimension be 4mm~7mm.
In such scheme, the acoustic impedance of the matching layer is between vibrating elements and the acoustic impedance of pipeline；The matching layer
Thickness d2Designed according to following equation and calculated,
Formula 3) in T be sound intensity transmission rate, Z1、Z2And Z3The respectively acoustic impedance of terbium dysprosium ferrum, matching layer and pipeline, λ2It is ripple
The wavelength propagated in matching layer,
Formula 4) in V2It is the speed that guided wave is propagated in matching layer, f is the centre frequency of detection, the centre frequency f of detection
Equal to the resonant frequency f of vibrating elements0。
In such scheme, the permanent magnet uses the circular neodymium iron boron that the trade mark magnetizes for the thickness direction of N52.
In such scheme, the solenoid coil uses enamel covered wire, at backing unit and the handle of a knife position of vibrating elements
Upper close around forming, in 0.1mm~0.3mm, the number of turn of winding is in 50~240 circles for the diameter range of solenoid coil.
In such scheme, the design of the solenoid coil magnetic field intensity is according to formula 5) design, magnetic field intensity control is existed
In the range of 400~1200Oe of curve, terbium dysprosium ferrum is set to be operated in the linear change area of strain, so as to reach the dependent variable of maximum,
The thickness of coil,
R2-R1=Nd/L 6)
Formula 5) and 6) in H be magnetic field intensity, L is loop length, and d is the diameter of coil, R1It is the inside radius of coil, R2For
The outer radius of coil, N is coil turn, and I is the virtual value of exciting current.
In such scheme, the bottom of the closure head is provided with rectangle convex, and the center of the rectangle convex is provided with second
Circular groove；The rectangular through slot that the outer casing base top is provided with, is provided with the first circular trough in rectangular through slot；
The rectangle convex is arranged in rectangular through slot, and the first circular groove and the second circular groove position are corresponding, even
Connect device to be installed in the second circular groove, the two ends of the solenoid coil are connected by the first circular groove with connector.
In such scheme, the connector uses MCX connectors.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. due to the special construction of vibrating elements of the present invention, can realize that transducer is detected in pipeline arbitrary surfaces, change
Existing magneto strictive sensor is only capable of the limitation in end surface measurement, expands detection practicality.
2. transducer indoor design has backing unit, is the absorbing material by certain formula allotment, can effectively absorb vibration
The energy that element is radiated to back, and the vibration perpendicular to duct orientation that terbium dysprosium ferrum blade type shape is brought is absorbed, improve signal
Signal to noise ratio.
3. the vibrating elements bottom design of transducer has matching layer, can effectively strengthen sound intensity transmission rate, thus during detection without
Couplant need to be added on pipeline.
4. magnetic loop described in is by solenoid coil-vibrating elements-outer casing base-closure head-permanent magnet-vibration
Element, forms the magnetic loop of closing, prevents the leakage in magnetic field.
5. connector described in uses MCX connectors, is conducive to probe size to reduce, and uses push-in type connected mode,
So that the connection of connector with separate very fast, shorten the set-up time of connector.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view schematic diagram of transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view schematic diagram of transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is transducer vibrations element schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the outer casing base front view schematic diagram of transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the outer casing base top view schematic diagram of transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the closure head front view schematic diagram of transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the closure head left view schematic diagram of transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the arousal effect schematic diagram of transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the transducer excitation design sketch for not designing backing unit.
Figure 10 is terbium dysprosium ferrum strain and magnetic field intensity graph of a relation.
Figure 11 is the vibration simulation figure of blade type terbium dysprosium ferrum.
Figure 12 is the vibration simulation figure of rectangle terbium dysprosium ferrum.
Figure 13 is the demagnetizing curve of conventional permanent-magnet material.
Figure 14 is the phase velocities dispersion curve of the carbon steel piping of a diameter of 108mm.
Figure 15 A are that backing is highly the experimental result picture of 7mm.
Figure 15 B are that backing is highly the experimental result picture of 6mm.
Figure 15 C are that backing is highly the experimental result picture of 4mm.
Figure 15 D are the experimental result picture without backing.
Figure 16 is the experimental result picture of permanent magnet quantity.
Figure 17 is the experimental result picture of solenoid coil parameter.
Figure 18 is the weld seam echo coefficient figure of knife minister degree experiment.
In figure, 1. connector, 2. closure head, 3. solenoid coil, 4. backing unit, 5. vibrating elements, 6. matching layer,
7. outer casing base, 8. permanent magnet, 9. rectangular through slot, 10. the first circular groove, 11. rectangular channels, 12. second circular grooves, 13.
Rectangle convex, 14. shank sections, 15. knife portions, 16. magnetic field intensities and terbium dysprosium ferrum strain curve, 17.L (0,2) mode.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, but protection scope of the present invention
It is not limited to this.
The present invention devises a kind of ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave for pipe surface coupling and encourages transducer, due to vibration unit
The special construction of part so that transducer can be coupled with pipeline arbitrary surfaces, realizes detection；Because transducer indoor design has one kind
Highly attenuating, low-impedance backing unit, aftershock and blade type structure for absorbing terbium dysprosium ferrum bring perpendicular to duct orientation
Unnecessary microvibration, improves the signal to noise ratio of detection signal；Transducer bottom design has matching layer, enhances the transmission of sound wave
Property.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 are swashed shown in of the present invention for the ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave that pipe surface is coupled
A kind of implementation method of transducer is encouraged, the transducer includes vibrating elements 5, with the upper surface epoxide-resin glue of vibrating elements 5
The backing unit 4 of bonding, and the bottom surface in the knife portion 15 of vibrating elements 5 matching layer 6 of epoxy resin glue sticking, it is close around with the back of the body
Solenoid coil 3 in the shank section 14 of lining unit 4 and vibrating elements 5, is installed on the neodymium of one end of shank section 14 of vibrating elements 5
Fe-B permanent magnet 8, top is provided with that rectangular through slot 9, bottom has a rectangular channel 11 and top is provided with the shell bottom of the first circular groove 10
Seat 7, has rectangle convex 13 and is provided with the closure head 2 of the second circular groove 12, is installed in the circular groove 12 of closure head
MCX connectors 1.
The upper surface of the vibrating elements 5 uses epoxy resin glue sticking with backing unit 4, in the handle of a knife of vibrating elements 5
14 one ends wound solenoid coil is applied to coil to provide driving magnetic field with insulated paint, prevents coil loose and reaches absolutely
The purpose of edge；In the knife portion 15 of vibrating elements 5 and matching layer 6, it is bonded using epoxy resin glue, bottom surface and the pipe in knife portion 15
Road surface couples, in pipe lengths stretching vibration；MCX connectors 1 are housed in transducer enclosure top cover 2, are believed for detecting
Number transmission, in the rectangular channel 11 of outer casing base 7 be equipped with vibrating elements 5, backing unit 4, permanent magnet 8 and matching layer 6；Permanent magnet
8 one end is fixed on the end face of the handle of a knife 14 of vibrating elements 5, and the other end of permanent magnet 8 leans on what suction and ferrimagnet were made
Outer casing base 7 is attracting, and permanent magnet 8 provides bias magnetic field to eliminate frequency-doubled effect, the upper surface epoxy resin of backing unit 4 with
Outer casing base 7 is bonded.There is the magnetic loop of closing inside transducer, the magnetic loop is by 3-vibrating elements of solenoid coil 5-outer
8-vibrating elements of shell base 7-closure head, 2-permanent magnet 5 is formed, and prevents the leakage in magnetic field.
The vibrating elements 5 of the transducer is a kind of rare earth element terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy) for terbium dysprosium ferrum (Terfenol-D)
With the alloy cpd of iron (Fe), blade type structure is shaped as, as shown in Figure 3, including shank portion 14 and knife portion 15, vibration unit
The shank section 14 of part 5 is be bonded with backing unit 4, and using card speed spy's epoxy resin, the lower surface of knife portion 15 of vibrating elements 5 uses ring
Oxygen resin glue is be bonded with matching layer 6.The vibrating elements 5 produces vibration under the collective effect of driving magnetic field and bias magnetic field, leads to
The lower surface of knife portion 15 of vibrating elements 5 and the coupling of pipe surface are crossed, vibrating elements length direction stretching vibration produces guided wave to use
In detection.It is different from traditional rectangle or round bar shape because vibrating elements of the invention 5 is special blade type structure, have one
The individual convex perpendicular to duct orientation, it is thus possible to bring the microvibration perpendicular to duct orientation as shown in Figure 11 curves A,
Wherein, curve A：The vibration of Z-direction；Curve B：The vibration of Y-direction；Curve C：The vibration of X-direction.Figure 12 show rectangle terbium dysprosium
The vibration simulation figure of iron, it can be seen that rectangle terbium dysprosium ferrum only has the vibration of length direction, wherein curve A：The vibration of Z-direction；It is bent
Line B：The vibration of Y-direction；Curve C：The vibration of X-direction.Because the present invention is designed with backing unit 4 on the surface of vibrating elements 5,
Vibration of the vibrating elements 5 perpendicular to duct orientation such as Figure 11 curves A can be effectively eliminated.The length direction of vibrating elements 5 vibrates,
The width of vibrating elements 5 and the size of thickness is asked to should be less than the 1/4~1/8 of length, length dimension is calculated according to resonant frequency, humorous
Vibration frequency is approximately equal to the centre frequency of Guided waves, and the central frequency range of Guided waves is then determined by dispersion curve.
When the pipeline for being detected is that internal diameter is 98mm, during the carbon steel piping of external diameter 108mm, in the frequency model of 0~150kHz
Phase velocity frequency dispersion figure in enclosing is as shown in figure 14, for L (0,2) mode (17), frequency of its phase velocity in 30~120kHz
In the range of it is basically identical, this represents its frequency dispersion very little, and it is exactly that the time domain length of ripple bag is varied less to be reacted in real image, together
When in this frequency range occur mode quantity it is also relatively fewer, so our working range is scheduled on 30KHZ by us
~120KHZ, then the length dimension of vibrating elements according to detection frequency by following formula calculate design,
Formula 1) in lTIt is length of material, f0It is resonant frequency, ETIt is elastic properties of materials coefficient, ρTIt is density of material.
The coefficient of elasticity for taking terbium dysprosium ferrum is 3.5 × 1010N/m2, density 9250kg/m3, frequency is 30KHZ~120KHZ models
Size range in enclosing is 8.1mm~32.4mm, it is contemplated that the transducer later stage needs addition backing unit and matching layer unit meeting
Cause the rising of detection frequency, therefore when vibrating elements size selection is carried out, first determine to shake from relatively low frequency
The size of dynamic element.The present embodiment has selected frequency for 40KHZ to calculate the length of selection vibrating elements, is calculated by above formula
The length of required terbium dysprosium ferrum is 25mm, and the experimental mode of specific length in terbium dysprosium ferrum knife portion 15 determines, as shown in figure 18, when
When the length in knife portion 15 is 13mm, the echo coefficient of weld seam is higher.
The back sheet 4 is highly attenuating, low-impedance back sheet, and formula is pressed using carborundum, epoxy resin, polysulfide rubber
12: 6: 4~18: 6: 4 proportional arrangements are formed, Nian Jie with the back side of vibrating elements 5 using epoxide-resin glue.Due to vibrating elements 5
The vibration of generation can support or oppose surface radiation, therefore design back sheet 4 is used to absorbing vibrating elements 5 and supports or opposes the energy of surface radiation, so that
Vibrating elements 5 is stopped vibration as early as possible, improve the axial resolution of transducer.Because detection uses supersonic guide-wave, frequency is relatively low,
So energy is smaller, the back sheet using high impedance is big to traveling to detect the energy affect in medium, therefore uses Low ESR,
Highly attenuating back sheet.The transducer excitation effect of backing unit 4 is added as shown in figure 8, wherein, A：The echo of weld seam 1；B：Weld seam
2 echoes；C：The echo of weld seam 3；D：Edge echo, Fig. 9 is the transducer excitation design sketch without backing unit, wherein, A：Weld seam 1
Echo；B：The echo of weld seam 2；C：The echo of weld seam 3；D：Edge echo, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are contrasted, and clutter is smaller in Fig. 8, three weld seams and
Edge echo is high-visible, and in Fig. 9 in addition to three weld seams and end face, clutter is also larger, influences the identification of weld seam, can be with
Find out that backing unit 4 is played a significant role for improving the signal to noise ratio of pumping signal, improve the sensitivity of defect recognition.
The length and width of backing unit 4 is consistent with the size of vibration original paper 5, the selection of height by way of testing, back sheet 4
Arousal effect preferably, and is adjusted by the signal to noise ratio of echo-signal tested when being highly 4mm~7mm.Figure 15 is backing
In the reflectogram of 4~7mm, wherein 15A figures are that backing height 7mm, 15B figure is that backing height 6mm, 15C figure is backing high to height
Degree 4mm, 15D figures are no backing, by test selection backing highly be 6mm, now signal to noise ratio is higher, defect recognition rate compared with
It is good.
If the knife portion 15 of vibrating elements 5 is directly and tube contacts, because both acoustic impedances differ larger, sound intensity transmission
Rate will be very low, because the acoustic impedance of 5-terbium dysprosium ferrum of vibrating elements is about 16 × 106Pas/m, using the acoustic resistance of carbon steel pipes
Resist is 46.6 × 106Pasm, sound intensity transmission rate is calculated by following formula,
Formula 2) in T be sound intensity transmission rate, Z1And Z2The respectively acoustic impedance of medium one (terbium dysprosium ferrum) and medium two (pipeline),
It is 0.76 to be calculated sound intensity transmission rate.Therefore need to design one layer of matching layer, and requirement between vibrating elements 5 and pipeline
Acoustic impedance with layer is between both vibrating elements 5 and pipeline acoustic impedance.The material of matching layer 6 uses corundum, and its acoustic impedance is
39.3×106Pas/m, between carbon steel piping and vibrating elements, sound wave is by vibrating elements, matching layer and pipeline for acoustic impedance
Sound intensity transmission rate formula afterwards is as follows, the thickness d of corundum matching layer 62Calculated according to following formula,
Formula 3) in T be sound intensity transmission rate, Z1、Z2And Z3Respectively medium one (terbium dysprosium ferrum), medium two (matching layer) and medium
The acoustic impedance of three (pipelines), λ2It is the wavelength that ripple is propagated in matching layer,
Formula 4) in V2It is the speed that guided wave is propagated in matching layer, f is the centre frequency of L (0,2) Modal detection, detection
Centre frequency is approximately equal to the resonant frequency of vibrating elements.Spread speed of the compressional wave in corundum is 11600m/s, takes detection frequency
It is 90KHZ, if the thickness of corundum takes 1mm, sound intensity transmission rate T=0.84 is calculated to obtain by above-mentioned formula, sound intensity transmission rate has been carried
It is high.
Accompanying drawing 5 and accompanying drawing 6 are the front view and top view schematic diagram of the transducer enclosure top cover 2, and closure head 2 is used
The metal material of high magnetic permeability is made, and as shown in accompanying drawing 5 and accompanying drawing 6, has rectangle convex 13 in the bottom of closure head 2, is used for
With the cooperation of outer casing base 7, the second circular groove 12 is provided with the center of rectangle convex 13, for installs connector 1, connector
1 is Nian Jie with the surrounding of circular groove 12 in top cover 2 using epoxide-resin glue, prevents loose.One end of solenoid coil 3 be connected
The center pin welding of device 1 is welded as negative pole, profit as positive pole, the other end of solenoid coil 3 with another pin of connector 1
With the male extraction electrode of connector 1, input signal.
The transducer enclosure base 7 as shown in figures 4 and 5, is made, bottom of the metal material of high magnetic permeability
Horizontal rectangular channel 11 is provided with for installing backing unit 4 and vibrating elements 5, and is fixed with epoxide-resin glue, outer casing base 7
Top center is provided with rectangular through slot 9, the first circular groove 10 is provided with rectangular through slot 9, for the rectangle convex 13 of closure head 2
Cooperation, realize the assembling of closure head 2 and outer casing base 7, and in the lower surface and the upper table of outer casing base 7 of closure head 2
Face scribbles epoxide-resin glue, realizes fixing.
Figure 13 is the demagnetizing curve of conventional permanent-magnet material, wherein, I ferrite, II is aluminium nickel body, and III is rare earth, aluminium nickel
Body permanent-magnet material Br is big, but Hc is smaller；Ferrite permanent-magnet materials are larger compared with the Hc of aluminium nickel material, and the Br of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material
All very big with Hc, demagnetizing curve is essentially a straight line, and on the demagnetizing curve of permanent magnet, the corresponding magnetic energy product in difference is not
With, wherein maximum is referred to as maximum magnetic energy product, is designated as (BH) max, for permanent-magnet material, typically requires that magnetic energy is the bigger the better,
The bias magnetic field of the permanent magnet 8 uses the circular Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic that the trade mark magnetizes for the thickness direction of N52, for permanent-magnet material,
Typically require that magnetic energy product is larger, be an important performance indexes of permanent-magnet material, the quantity of permanent magnet is true by way of experiment
Fixed, as shown in figure 16, when quantity is 3, echo coefficient is higher, and when now permanent magnet quantity is further added by, the increase of echo coefficient is not
Substantially, illustrate close to saturation.
The solenoid coil 3 using enamel covered wire on the shank portion 14 of backing unit 4 and vibrating elements 5 it is close around and
Into using insulation varnished insulation, epoxy resin glue sticking.The diameter range of solenoid coil 3 is in 0.1mm~0.3mm, the circle of winding
Number provides the magnetic field on length direction in 50~240 circles to terbium dysprosium ferrum.Draw with the center of connector 1 one end of solenoid coil 3
Pin welding is welded as negative pole as positive pole, the other end of solenoid coil 3 with another pin of connector.Solenoid coil 3
The magnetic field of generation calculates design by following formula, is as shown in Figure 10 magnetic field intensity and terbium dysprosium ferrum strain stress relation figure, is answered during design magnetic field
Magnetic field intensity is tried one's best into control in the range of 400~1200Oe of magnetic field intensity and terbium dysprosium ferrum strain curve (16), makes terbium
Dysprosium ironworker makees to reach the dependent variable of maximum in linear variation zone,
Estimate the thickness of coil：
R2-R1=Nd/L 6)
Formula 5) and 6) in H be magnetic field intensity, L is loop length, and d is the diameter of coil, R1It is the inside radius of coil, R2For
The outer radius of coil, N is coil turn, and I is the virtual value of exciting current.
The present embodiment due to use voltage source function generator, so adopting experimentally by comparing weld seam echo system
Count to determine solenoidal parameter, as shown in figure 17, experiment uses diameter 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm,
The number of turn, 60,120,180,240 enamel covered wire, Figure 17 can be seen that in a diameter of 0.15mm, and echo coefficient is most during the number of turn 180
It is high.
The magnetic circuit of the transducer is by solenoid coil 3-vibrating elements, 5-outer casing base, 7-closure head, 2-permanent magnetism
8-vibrating elements of iron 5 forms the magnetic loop of closing, prevents the leakage in magnetic field.
This transducer operationally, by the axially in parallel placement of transducer length direction and pipeline and pipe surface, to swash
The guided wave for encouraging L (0,2) mode is detected.Inserted in MCX females with MCX connector male heads, extraction wire, the wire that will be drawn
And function generator is connected, and can now be input into the sinusoidal signal in 10 cycles modulated through Hanning window.Produced in solenoid coil 3
Alternating magnetic field, under the collective effect of the alternating magnetic field that the bias magnetic field and solenoid coil 3 that permanent magnet 8 is provided are provided, vibration
Element 5 produces periodically vibration, the vibration to produce guided wave, guided wave to reach in the duct by the coupling with tested pipeline surface
The end face back reflection of tested pipeline returns receive transducer.Defect is encountered during guided waves propagation can be because of acoustic impedance not
With reflection is produced, a ripple bag can be shown on the oscillograph for be connected to receive transducer, by the time to ripple bag and velocity of wave
The accurate location of defect is assured that, so as to realize the detection of defect.Electromechanical conversion efficiency of the invention is high, guided wave excitation width
Value is big, and signal to noise ratio is high, and the response time is short.The present invention can not only realize the detection to pipeline, be applied equally to rail, anchor
The defects detection of other objects such as bar.The direction for being placed on detection object using transducer of the present invention change can also motivate T moulds
State and other mode, meet different detection requirements.
It should be understood that, although this specification is described according to each embodiment, but not each embodiment only includes one
Individual independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only that for clarity, those skilled in the art will should say
Used as an entirety, technical scheme in each embodiment can also be through appropriately combined, and forming those skilled in the art can be with for bright book
The other embodiment of understanding.
Those listed above is a series of to describe illustrating only for possible embodiments of the invention in detail,
They simultaneously are not used to limit the scope of the invention, all Equivalent embodiments made without departing from skill spirit of the present invention or change
Should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer, it is characterised in that including connector
(1), closure head (2), outer casing base (7), vibrating elements (5), solenoid coil (3), permanent magnet (8), backing unit (4) and
Matching layer (6)；
The vibrating elements (5) is terbium dysprosium ferrum Terfenol-D, is shaped as blade type, shank portion (14) winding solenoid coil
(3), knife portion (15) couple with pipe surface, stretching vibration in the longitudinal direction；Connector is housed in transducer enclosure top cover (2)
(1), the two ends of solenoid coil (3) are connected with connector (1), and vibrating elements (5), backing unit are provided with outer casing base (7)
(4), permanent magnet (8) and matching layer (6)；Vibrating elements (5) is bonded to one with matching layer (6) using epoxide-resin glue；Backing
Unit (4) is bonded to one with vibrating elements (5) using epoxide-resin glue；Solenoid coil (3) is close to be around in vibrating elements (5)
On handle of a knife position (14) and backing unit (4), it is bonded using insulated paint and is insulated；Vibration is fixed in one end of permanent magnet (8)
One end end face of the shank section of element (5), the other end of permanent magnet (8) is connected with outer casing base (7)；There is helical inside transducer
The envelope that pipeline circle (3), vibrating elements (5), outer casing base (7), closure head (2), permanent magnet (8) and vibrating elements (5) are formed
Close magnetic loop.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer, its
It is characterised by, including shank portion (14) for wound around coil, knife portion (15) couple the vibrating elements (5) with pipe surface,
The size of vibrating elements (5) stretching vibration in its longitudinal direction, width and thickness should be less than the 1/4~1/8 of length, vibration unit
The length dimension of part (5) is calculated by following formula according to detection frequency and designed,
Formula 1) in lTIt is length of material, f0It is resonant frequency, ETIt is elastic properties of materials coefficient, ρTIt is density of material.
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer, its
It is characterised by, the backing unit (4) is highly attenuating, low-impedance back sheet, formula is using carborundum, epoxy resin, polysulfide
Rubber is by 12: 6: 4~18: 6: 4 proportional arrangement is formed.
4. according to claim 1 or 3 it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer,
Characterized in that, the length and width size of the backing unit (4) is consistent with the size of vibrating elements (5), backing unit (4)
Height dimension be 4mm~7mm.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer, its
It is characterised by, the acoustic impedance of the matching layer (6) is in vibrating elements (5) and the acoustic impedance of pipeline between；The matching layer (6)
Thickness d2Designed according to following equation and calculated,
Formula 3) in T be sound intensity transmission rate, Z1、Z2And Z3The respectively acoustic impedance of terbium dysprosium ferrum, matching layer (6) and pipeline, λ2For ripple exists
The wavelength propagated in matching layer (6),
Formula 4) in V2It is speed that guided wave is propagated in the matching layer (6), f is the centre frequency of detection, centre frequency f of detection etc.
In the resonant frequency f of vibrating elements0。
6. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer, its
It is characterised by, the permanent magnet (8) uses the circular neodymium iron boron that the trade mark magnetizes for the thickness direction of N52.
7. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer, its
It is characterised by, the solenoid coil (3) uses enamel covered wire, at backing unit (4) and the handle of a knife position of vibrating elements (5)
(14) close around forming on, in 0.1mm~0.3mm, the number of turn of winding is in 50~240 circles for the diameter range of solenoid coil (3).
8. it is according to claim 7 it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer, its
It is characterised by, the design of solenoid coil (3) magnetic field intensity is according to formula 5) design, by magnetic field intensity control in curve (16)
400~1200Oe in the range of, terbium dysprosium ferrum is operated in the linear change area of strain, so as to reach maximum dependent variable,
The thickness of coil,
R2-R1=Nd/L 6)
Formula 5) and 6) in H be magnetic field intensity, L is loop length, and d is the diameter of coil, R1It is the inside radius of coil, R2It is coil
Outer radius, N is coil turn, and I is the virtual value of exciting current.
9. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer, its
It is characterised by, the bottom of the closure head (2) is provided with rectangle convex (13), and the center of the rectangle convex (13) is provided with second
Circular groove (12)；The rectangular through slot (9) that outer casing base (7) top is provided with, rectangular through slot is provided with the first circular trough on (9)
(10)；
The rectangle convex (13) is inner installed in rectangular through slot (9), the first circular groove (10) and second circle groove (12) position
Put corresponding, connector (1) is installed on that the second circular groove (12) is inner, and the two ends of the solenoid coil (3) are by the first circle
Shape groove (10) is connected with connector (1).
10. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of for pipe surface coupling ultra-magnetic telescopic guided wave and excitation transducer, its
It is characterised by, the connector (1) uses MCX connectors.
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| CN114989565A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 清华大学 | Composite material and preparation method thereof, element, transducer, detection system and detection method |
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