CN101522561A - A gas reformulating system using plasma torch heat - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus is described for reformulating of an input gas from a gasification reaction into a reformulated gas. More specifically, a gas reformulating system having a gas reformulating chamber, one or more plasma torches, one or more oxygen source(s) inputs and control system is provided thereby allowing for the conversion of an input gas from a gasification reaction into a gas of desired composition.

Description

Use the gas reforming system of plasma torch heat

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of carbon raw material gasification.Particularly relate to the gas refinement system that uses plasma torch heat.

Background technology

Gasification is will be converted into the method for inflammable gas such as the carbon raw material of municipal solid refuse (MSW) or coal.This gas can be used to produce the basic raw material that electricity, steam or conduct produce chemical and liquid fuel.The possible application of described gas comprises: processing and/or other external target in burning is used for the generation steam in boiler perhaps produce by steam turbine; In internal combustion turbine or producer gas engine, directly burn to produce; Fuel cell; Produce methyl alcohol and other liquid fuel; Be used to produce for example chemical of plastics and fertilizer as further raw material; Extract hydrogen and carbon monoxide as isolating industrial fuel gas; With other industrial application.

Generally speaking, gasification comprises the chamber (gasifier) that carbon raw material is fed into heating together with oxygen controlled and/or limited volume and optional steam.With calcining or burning---the excessive oxygen of its operation produces CO ₂, H ₂O, SO _x, and NO _x---opposite, gasification produces and comprises CO, H ₂, H ₂S and NH ₃At interior unstripped gas composition.After purifying, the major objective gasification product is H ₂And CO.Useful raw material can comprise refuse and biological medicine refuse, sewage, mud, coal, heavy oil, petroleum coke, heavy refining residues (heavy refineryresidual), oil refinery waste, soil contaminated with hydrocarbons, biomass and agricultural waste, tire and other harmful waste that any municipal garbage, industrial activity produce.The source of depending on raw material, volatile matter can comprise H ₂O, H ₂, N ₂, O ₂, CO ₂, CO, CH ₄, H ₂S, NH ₃, C ₂H ₆, unsaturated hydrocarbons such as acetylene, alkene, aromatic substance, tar, hydrocarbon liquids (oil) and burning (carbon black and ash content).

When raw material was heated, water was isolated first kind of component.When the temperature of dried feed increased, pyrolysis took place.During pyrolysis, raw material is thermal decomposited to discharge tar, phenol and volatile hydrocarbon gas, and raw material is converted into burning simultaneously.

Burning (char, charcoal) comprises the residual solids of being made up of organic substance and inorganic substance.After pyrolysis, burning has higher carbon concentration than dried feed, and can be used as the source of gac.1,200 ℃ of high temperature (〉) in the gasifier of operation or have in the system of high-temperature zone, inorganic substance are melted or vitrifying is called the melten glass sample material of slag with formation.

Because slag is in thawing, vitrifying state, it is found to be harmless usually, and it can be used as innoxious substance and dispose on landfill waste site, perhaps sells as ore, roadbed or other material of construction.It is more undesired coming the processing of waste material by calcining because in heat-processed extreme waste fuel and handle the further waste of ash content as residual waste matter, these materials can be converted into useful synthetic gas and solid material.

The means that realize gasification can change in many ways, but depend on four main engineering factors: the atmosphere in the gasifier (level of oxygen or air or water vapour content); The design of gasifier; Inside and outside heating means; Service temperature with method.The factor that influences the quality of product gas comprises: feed composition, prepared product and granular size; The gasifier heating rate; Residence time; Comprise that it uses dried or slurry feed system, raw material-reagent flow geometry, dry ash branch or slag material are removed the industrial configuration of the design of system; It uses directly or indirectly heating and transfer method; And synthetic gas cleaning system.Usually under the temperature in about 650 ℃ to 1200 ℃ scopes, in a vacuum, carry out gasification under the normal atmosphere or under up to about 100 normal atmosphere.

Existing several systems are proposed to be used for catching the heat that gasification produces, and use this thermogenesis electricity, and this is commonly called the recycle system of combination.

Energy in the product gas that a large amount of callable sensible heat with method and the generation of whole gasification system is associated can produce the electricity that is enough to promote this method usually, thereby reduce the expense of local electric consumption.The amount of one ton of needed electric energy of carbon raw material of gasification directly depends on the chemical constitution of raw material.

If the gas that produces in gasification comprises the volatile matter of wide region, for example tend to the gas type that usefulness " inferior quality " carbon raw material produces in the low temperature gasification device, it is commonly called waste gas.If the raw material in the gasifier and condition produce gas---wherein CO and H ₂Be main chemical species, gas is called as synthetic gas.Before by cooling of gaseous mass regulation system and cleaning, some equipment for gasification use technologys are converted into more refining gaseous constituent with raw material waste gas or material synthesis gas.

Using plasma heating technology gasification substance is in the technology in many years of commercial applications.Plasma body is the high temperature luminous gas, its partial ionization and be made up of gas atom, gaseous ion and electronics at least.Make plasma body with any gas by this way.When gas can be neutral (for example, argon gas, helium, neon), reductibility (for example, hydrogen, methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide) or during (for example, air, oxygen, carbonic acid gas) of oxidisability, the chemical reaction in this article on plasma body provides good control.Body mutually in, plasma body is electroneutral.

Some gasification systems use plasma heating at high temperature to promote gasification and/or refining waste gas/synthetic gas, this is by having or do not have under the situation that adds other charging or reactant, transform, rebuild or the volatile matter of the long-chain more reformed and tar become less molecule and realizes, when gas molecule contacts with plasma heating, they will dissociate into composed atom.Many in these atoms will form new molecule with the charging molecular reaction, and other can oneself combine with them.Along with the reduction of the temperature of the molecule that contacts with plasma heating, all atom complete combinations.When input gas can be controlled by stoichiometric calculation ground, but output gas Be Controlled for example produces a large amount of carbon monoxide and a spot of carbonic acid gas.

The very high temperature (3000 to 7000 ℃) that can access with plasma heating makes the gasification that can carry out higher temperature, wherein in fact can provide any charge raw material---be included in the refuse under the acceptable conditions, it comprises any type of liquid, gas and solid or combination.Plasma technique can be placed in the initial vaporizer and so that institute responds (high-temperature gasification) take place simultaneously, can be placed in the generation so that they continue in the system (low temperature gasification is followed the high temperature refining), perhaps their some combinations.

The gas that produces between the pneumatolytic stage of carbon raw material is normally very warm, but can contain a spot of undesired composition, and needs further to handle to be translated into the available product.After carbonaceous material is converted into gaseous state, can from gas, remove unwanted material (as the compound and the ash content of metal, sulphur).For example, remove particulate matter and sour gas the gas that uses dry filtration system and wet scrubber to come between pneumatolytic stage, to produce usually.Many gasification systems of handling the system of the gas that produces during the gasification that comprise have been developed.

These factors are considered in the design of various different systems: described design example is as open in following file: United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 686,556,6,630,113,6,380,507; 6,215,678,5,666,891,5,798,497,5,756, No. the 2004/0251241st, 2002/0144981, No. 957 and U.S. Patent application.Also have many patents, it relates to and using in multiple application, is used to produce the different technology of gasification of the carbon of synthesis gas, and it comprises United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 141, and 694,4,181,504,4,208,191; 4,410,336; 4,472,172,4,606,799; 5,331,906; 5,486,269 and 6,200, No. 430.

United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 810, described a kind of being used to for No. 821 and used plasma torch to handle the apparatus and method of castoff processing system gaseous by-product---its working gas that adopts is to comprise carbonic acid gas and oxygen but the mixed gas that do not comprise nitrogen.Not comprising nitrogen, is in order to prevent to form nitrogen peroxide and prussic acid---it is because the reaction of air plasma working gas and oxygen and hydrocarbon and forming in Vessel/reactor under the high temperature.

United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 785, a kind of device that is used for continuous feed raw materials melt thing has been described for No. 923---it comprises input gas reception chamber, and described input gas reception chamber has the input gas torch well heater such as plasma torch, is used to eliminate volatile matter.

Existing system and method do not take into full account the problem that must handle on the continually varying basis.Some descriptions in the gasification system of these types are used for means that the method that produces available gas with gasification reaction is regulated.Therefore, important progress in the art is: so that the total efficiency of process and/or the maximized mode of total efficiency that contains the step of all processes provide the system of the carbon raw material that can effectively gasify.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide the gas refinement system that uses plasma torch heat.According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of system that is used for the input gas reforming of the reaction of autopneumatolysis in the future for the reformed gas of qualification chemical constitution is provided, described comprising: have the columnar chamber of the band band refractory lining of first end and second end, described chamber comprises the input that is used to receive the described first end place that is positioned at described chamber or near input air; Be used to discharge the output of the described second end place that is positioned at described chamber or near reformation air; The oxygen source input that one or more and described chamber fluid is communicated with; And one or more plasma torchs; Wherein said plasma torch heats described chamber, thereby and described input air be converted into reformed gas.

According to a further aspect in the invention, it is the method for reformed gas that a kind of input gas reforming that is used for the reaction of autopneumatolysis in the future is provided, and said method comprising the steps of: described input gas is carried in the import in band refractory lining chamber; Oxygen source is injected described chamber; Come torch to heat described chamber with one or more plasma torchs, thereby produce described reformed gas; And described reformed gas removed from described chamber.

The invention provides a kind of gas reforming system, the input gas reforming that is used for the carbon raw material gasification is obtained is for limiting the reformed gas of chemical ingredients.Especially, described gas reforming system uses and comes the cracked gas molecule from the torch heat of plasma torch, allow thus they be reassembled as such as energy-producing downstream application useful than small molecules.Described system can also comprise gas mixer, processing additive device and Controlling System, and described Controlling System has one or more transmitters, one or more process performer and calculating device and monitors and/or regulate reforming reaction.

Description of drawings

By the detailed description of doing below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, these and other advantage of the present invention will be clearer.

Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of gas reforming system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of an embodiment that is coupled to the gas reforming of the present invention system of gasifier.

Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of an embodiment that is coupled to the gas reforming of the present invention system of two gasifiers.

Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of gas reforming chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of an embodiment of gas reforming chamber.

Fig. 6 A and B illustrate the setting of baffle plate (baffle) in the embodiment of gas reforming chamber.Fig. 6 A is the figure that the air-flow in the gas reforming chamber that comprises bridge wall baffle plate is shown.Fig. 6 B is the figure that the air-flow in the gas reforming chamber that comprises turbulator or choke ring (choke ring) baffle plate is shown.

Fig. 7 is the figure that the effluent stream that flows out A type nozzle is shown.Fig. 7 B is the figure that the effluent stream of Type B nozzle is shown.

Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram that the direction of the inlet of an embodiment and plasma torch port is shown.

Fig. 9 A is the cross sectional view of the gas reforming chamber of Fig. 5.Fig. 9 B is the figure that air-flow in the gasifier of gas reforming system of the gas reforming chamber that comprises Fig. 5 is shown.Fig. 9 C illustrates from gas and inputs to described indoor injection and its influence to air-flow the chamber of Fig. 5.

Figure 10 is the synoptic diagram of transmission reactor that is coupled to an embodiment of gas reforming system.

Figure 11 is two and is mingled with the synoptic diagram that flows gasifier that each is mingled with the embodiment that the stream gasifier is coupled to the gas reforming system.

Figure 12 is the synoptic diagram of two fixed bed gasifiers, and each fixed bed gasifiers is coupled to an embodiment of gasification reforming system.

Figure 13 is the synoptic diagram of cyclone gasifier that is coupled to an embodiment of gasification reforming system.

Figure 14 is the synoptic diagram of the gasifier of horizontal direction, and this gasifier comprises an embodiment of the gas reforming system of the gas reforming chamber that comprises Fig. 5.

Figure 15 is the gas reforming system of Figure 14 and another view of vaporizer.

Figure 16 is the gas reforming system of Figure 14 and the sectional view of vaporizer.

What Figure 17 illustrated gasifier shown in Figure 14 blows up (blown-up) sectional view, is shown specifically that gas tank, carriage ram (carrier cam) refer to, the jagged edge of grey extractor displacer screw rod and step C.

Figure 18 is shown specifically the carriage ram shell of gasifier shown in Figure 14.

Figure 19 is the sectional view of the gas reforming chamber of Fig. 5, is shown specifically fireproof and supports.

Figure 20 is the synoptic diagram of a part of the gas reforming system of example 1, is shown specifically the torch installation system according to embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiment

Definition

Unless otherwise defined, the implication of all technology used herein and scientific and technical terminology is identical with the common implication that this area one skilled in the art are understood.

As used herein, term ＂ sensing element ＂ is defined as describing any element of the system of the feature that is configured to method for sensing, method equipment, processing charging or method output, wherein these features can by can be used for monitoring, the eigenwert of one or more parts, regionality and/or the integrated approach of adjusting and/or Controlling System represents.The sensing element of considering in the context of gasification system can include but not limited to: be used for method for sensing, fluid and/or material temperature, pressure, flow, component and/or further feature, and in system transmitter, detector, watch-dog, analyzer or their arbitrary combination of any operating characteristics of the material position of set point and/or arrangement and any method equipment of in native system, using.It should be understood by one skilled in the art that, although each is relevant in the context of gasification system for the example of above-mentioned sensing element, but certain relevant in the context of this paper present disclosure not, similarly, this paper discriminating should not limit and/or explanation irrelevantly according to these examples for the element of sensing element.

As used herein, term ＂ response element ＂ is defined as describing any element of the feature of setting the response sensing, so that according to one or more pre-method equipment that determine, that calculate, that fixed and/or the operation of adjustable operating parameters can be operatively connected with it, wherein one or more controlled variable are defined as providing the methods and results of expectation.The response element of considering in the context of gasification system can include but not limited to that static, that preset and/or dynamic variable actuator, power supply and any other can give the element of equipment effect based on one or more controlled variable configurations, and it can be mechanical, electricity, magnetic, wind-force, waterpower or their combination.Consider in the context of gasification system and method equipment that one or more response elements can be operatively connected can include but not limited to: but the method equipment of part, regionality and/or integrated approach in material and/or raw material charging instrument, thermal source such as plasma heating source, additive charging instrument, various gas blower and/or other this class cycle equipment, various air-flow and/or pressure-regulator and other operating influence gasification system.Although it should be understood by one skilled in the art that the example of above-mentioned response element, each is relevant in the context of gasification system, but certain relevant in the context of this paper present disclosure not, similarly, this paper discriminating should not limit and/or explanation irrelevantly according to these examples for the element of response element.

System survey

Referring to Fig. 1, gas reforming system provided by the invention (GRS) 3000 comprises gas reforming chamber 3002, and gas reforming chamber 3002 has one or more input gas feeds 3004, one or more reformed gas outlet 3006, one or more plasma torch 3008, the input 3010 of one or more oxygen source and Controlling System.

The invention provides GRS and be used to transform the raw material input gas that contains the molecule that volatilizees, described volatilization molecule can comprise for example carbon monoxide, hydrogen, light chain hydrocarbon and carbonic acid gas and coal smoke and the carbon black of contamination particle material as producing between pneumatolytic stage at carbon raw material.This GRS provides the environment of sealing, and it is used to hold and control process.It uses plasma torch heat decomposition volatilization molecule to become their component, and these components can recombine into the gas of expectation chemical ingredients.The molecular species that provides recombine necessary can be provided for processing additives such as air and/or oxygen and optional steam.The plasma torch heat is also removed undesired material such as paraffin, tar, chlorinated cpds or the like, and this is by decomposing and transform molecule such as the H of these undesired material Cheng Gengxiao ₂Realize with CO.GRS further comprises Controlling System, its regulate process, thereby can make process optimization.

The input gas reforming that described GRS is designed to the reaction of autopneumatolysis in the future is the gas of determinant---its chemical constitution comprises molecule and the required component of downstream application that part is less.

Gas reforming system (GRS)

Referring to Fig. 1, gas reforming system (GRS) 3000 comprises gas reforming chamber 3002, and gas reforming chamber 3002 has one or more input gas feeds 3004, one or more reformed gas outlet 3006, one or more plasma torch 3008, the input 3010 of one or more oxygen source and Controlling System.

In the GRS downstream, the pressure that can be provided to keep the gas reforming chamber with the induction fan of gas reforming chamber gas communication is about 0 to 5 millibar.

Referring to Fig. 2, in one embodiment, GRS 3000 is designed to and gasifier 2000 direct couplings, thus gas reforming chamber 3002 and gasifier 2000 gas communications.Therefore gas reforming chamber 3002 directly receives input gas from gasifier 2000.In this kind embodiment, GRS 3000 can further comprise mounting flange 3014 or junctor, is used for gas reforming chamber 3002 is connected to gasifier 2000.In order to help safeguarding or repair that randomly, GRS can be connected to gasifier 2000 in the reversible mode, thereby can remove GRS 3000 when needed.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, GRS 3000 is standalone unit, device by pipe 3009 or suitable pipeline from one or more storage tanks or one or more gasifier 2000 receiver gasess.In this kind standalone unit, GRS may further include suitable supporting structure.

The gas reforming chamber

Referring to Fig. 1 to 4, gas reforming chamber 3002 has one or more input gas feeds 3004, one or more reformed gas outlet 3006, one or more port and one or more port that is used for oxygen source that is used for heating installation.

Input gas enters through the gas reforming chamber 3002 of plasma torch heating by one or more input gas feeds 3004 of chamber 3002, and is randomly mixed by gas mixer.One or more imports 3010 are provided, are injected into gas reforming chamber 3002 by their oxygen sources.One or more reformed gas export 3006 and make and can discharge GRS 3000 by the gas through reforming, and transfer to downstream process, for example carry out further refining or are used to be stored in the storage facilities place.

Purpose of design

Gas reforming chamber 3002 is the chambers with enough internal volumes, becomes to react the needed residence time through reformed gas to adapt to the input gas reforming.

Therefore, in design gas reforming chamber, can consider the required gas residence time.The gas residence time is gas reforming chamber volume and geometry, airflow rate, gas by distance and/or the gas function by the approach (being linear passages or rotation or cyclone type approach) of this chamber.Therefore, the gas reforming chamber must be shaped in such a manner or determine size: gas is considered enough gas residence times by the hydrokinetics of this chamber.The gas residence time can be modified by using gas injection, and described gas injection can promote gas to pass through the rotational flow of gas reforming chamber, so that the gas passage is non-linear, and therefore has the longer residence time.

In one embodiment, the gas residence time is about 0.5 to about 2.0 seconds.In one embodiment, the gas residence time is about 0.75 to about 1.5 seconds.In further embodiment, the gas residence time is about 1 to about 1.25 seconds.Again further in the embodiment, the gas residence time is about 1.2 seconds.

Can carry out the flow model of GRS, improve the correct mixing that technology is imported with the particular design of guaranteeing the gas reforming chamber, and correct condition formation, reform so that can carry out required chemistry.

Shape and direction

Gas reforming chamber 3002 can be an Any shape, puts in order the suitable residence time of gas as long as its permission can make the enough chemical reformation of input gas attach most importance to.Gas reforming chamber 3002 can be disposed in all places, as long as keep suitable input gas and the residence time.

The direction of gas reforming chamber can make perpendicular, substantially parallel or angled, and has the length of wide region and the ratio of diameter, and it is from the extremely about 6:1 of about 2:1.In one embodiment, the ratio of the length of gas reforming chamber 3002 and diameter is 3:1.

In one embodiment, gas reforming chamber 3002 is straight tubuloses, or Venturi shape structure, comprises first (upstream) end and second (downstream) end, and its direction is vertical or substantial horizontal basically.

In one embodiment, gas reforming chamber 3002 approximate horizontal or roughly vertically setting, the volume that has allows enough gas residence times, and to finish hydrocarbon organic cracking in the input gas, the length/diameter that has ratio is designed to guarantee that gas velocity is in the optimization zone.

In embodiment shown in Figure 5, GRS 3000 is configured to be coupled to gasifier, gasification reformer chamber 3202 is cylindrical-shaped structures of straight, as to have perpendicular band refractory lining, this structure have be used for open bottom (upstream) end 3204 of gasifier 2000 direct gas communications and near or export 3206 at the reformed gas of the top (downstream) of chamber end.Randomly, cylindric chamber forms by adding cap with covering of band refractory lining at the band pipe of refractory lining or cylindrical top (downstream) end.In order to help to safeguard or repair that randomly, lid is sealed tube or right cylinder removably.

The wall of gas reforming chamber can be made liner and/or water jacket with refractory materials can encapsulate the gas reforming chamber with cooling and/or produce steam or reclaim available torch heat.

The gas reforming chamber can have a plurality of walls, and together with the cooling body that is used for recovery of heat, and this system also can comprise the heat exchanger that is used for the generation of high pressure/high temperature steam or other recovery of heat capacity.

Randomly, the gas reforming chamber can comprise one or more chambers, can be horizontal or vertical orientation, and can have internals such as baffle plate, to promote the reverse mixing and the turbulent flow of gas.

Randomly, the gas reforming chamber can be included in the collector that is used for solid particulate matter during the reforming process, described solid particulate matter can be collected and randomly be fed into the gasifier further processed or the solid residue compartment of gasification system, solid residue surge chamber for example is with further processing.

The solid particulate matter collector is commonly known in the art, includes but not limited to separating centrifuge, inertia impact baffle plate, strainer etc.

In some embodiments, GRS directly is coupled to gasifier, and additional solid particulate collector may be not necessarily, because particle can partly directly fall to be back to gasifier.

The temperature of leaving GRS 3000 through reformed gas will be in about 400 ℃ to 1000 ℃ scope.Described temperature can randomly be reduced by the downstream heat exchange system, to reclaim heat and the gas of cooling through reforming.If downstream application or element need, can reduce by following manner through the output temperature of reformed gas: locate hydronic reformed gas at the top of gas reforming chamber 3002, thereby through the refrigerative reformed gas and the reformed gas mixing of newly living again.Therefore gas reforming chamber 3002 can randomly comprise the import of adjacent chambers downstream end, is used for injecting the new thermal reforming gas that forms through the refrigerative reformed gas.

Material

The gas reforming chamber is lined with the chamber of refractory materials in normally, and the gas that the volume of this chamber is set to hold appropriate amount is used for required gas residence time, is arranged so that perhaps it can withstand high temperatures.

The conventional refractory materials that is applicable to high temperature, non-pressurised chamber is known for those of ordinary skill in the art.The example of this class refractory materials includes but not limited to: the high temperature sintering pottery (for example, aluminum oxide, aluminium nitride, pure aluminium silicate, boron nitride, chromic oxide, zirconium phosphate), glass-ceramic and high alumina brick and ceramic block and isolation fire proofing tile, wherein high alumina brick mainly contains silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide, chromic oxide and titanium oxide.The better refractory materials of tolerance can use the material such as enlightening moral (DidierDido flo) 89CR and Lei Disi Compaq Ke Fuluo (Redax Compacflo) V253 if desired.

In one embodiment, refractory materials can be the multilayer setting, and high-density layer is arranged on inboard with indoor high temperature, corrosion and the friction of tolerance gas reforming.Being than low density material outside high-density layer---it has lower tolerance performance, but has higher isolation performance.Randomly, outside this layer very low-density cystose material with very high isolating coefficient, why can use this material to be because it will can not be exposed to the corrosive atmosphere that exists in the gas reforming chamber.Described multilayer design can further randomly comprise exterior layer between the shell of tank of cystose and ceramic wafer material, expand with the difference that provides flexible layer to adapt between solid refractory material and the shell of tank.The suitable material that uses in multiple layer refractory is that those of ordinary skill in the art is known.

In one embodiment, described multiple layer refractory can further comprise compressible refractory materials part, and compressible refractory materials is partly separated incompressible refractory materials part, to allow the vertical expansion of refractory materials.Described compressible layer can be randomly be protected and makes it to avoid friction by covering ductile Monofrax.

In one embodiment, described multiple layer refractory can comprise the chromium oxide layer of internal direction; Intermediary alumina layer and outside plate (insboard) layer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas reforming chamber comprises the thick floor that reaches about 17 inches or thicker special selection refractory lining in whole gas reforming chamber, keep with the maximum of guaranteeing technology torch heat, guarantee can not be subjected to the influence of the chemical reaction of the middle chemical ingredients of formation during handling simultaneously.

Refractory lining in the bottom, gas reforming chamber can be easier wearing and tearing and degeneration, because it must tolerate the comparatively high temps from the hot operation source of plasma torch.In one embodiment, therefore, be designed to compare with the refractory materials on the top than the refractory materials in the lower part and comprise " hot side (hot the face) " refractory materials that has more tolerance with the gas reforming locular wall.For example, the refractory materials on wall and the top can be made by DIDIER RK30 brick, is used for can making with Lei Disi Compaq Ke Fuluo (REDAX COMPAC-FLO) V253 than different " hot side " refractory materials of lower part.

Have in the embodiment of refractory lining in the gas reforming chamber, the wall energy of gas reforming chamber comprises that enough randomly support is used for refractory lining or refractory materials is anchored.

Gas feed and outlet

Gas reforming chamber 3002 comprises: one or more input gas feeds 3004 are gone into the chamber of further handling will import gas feed; Transfer to downstream processing or storage with one or more reformed gas outlets or mouth with the reformed gas that will in reforming reaction, produce.The import (one or more) that is used to import gas is located on or near first or upstream extremity.Import can comprise opening, alternatively, can comprise and control the injector that input gas flows into the controller of gas reforming chamber and/or will import gas injecting gas reformer chamber.

In one embodiment, be used for input gas be sent to the gas reforming chamber one or more input gas feeds can with promote generation simultaneously, adverse current, radially, tangentially or the mode of other feed flow direction be introduced into.

In one embodiment, provide single input gas feed with cumulative coniform shape.

In one embodiment, import comprises opening first end of gas reforming chamber, thereby it directly is communicated with gasifier.

In gasifier and the direct link coupled embodiment of GRS, the attachment location that is used to be coupled to GRS on the gasifier can strategically be located, to optimize gas flow and/or make the mixing maximization of input gas before entering the gas reforming chamber.

In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber is positioned at the center of gasifier, thereby optimizes the mixing of input gas before entering the gas reforming chamber.

In one embodiment, import comprises the opening that is positioned near gas reforming chamber first (upstream) end.This embodiment uses input gas feed to be sent in the volatile matter that carbon raw material produces between pneumatolytic stage and enters this chamber.

In one embodiment, import comprises one or more openings on the wall of the gas reforming chamber of holding near first (upstream).

Referring to Fig. 3, be connected in the embodiment of one or more gasifiers 2000 in gas reforming chamber 3000, one or more imports in the gas reforming chamber 3002 can directly be communicated with one or more gasifiers 2000 by common open, perhaps can be connected to gasifier 2000 via pipeline 3009 or suitable conduit.

The reformed gas that produces in reforming reaction is discharged the gas reforming chamber by one or more reformed gas outlets 3006.

The one or more outlets 3006 that are used for the reformed gas that the gas reforming chamber produces are located on or near second end or downstream end.Outlet can comprise opening, or can comprise the equipment of the whole chamber of control reformed gas effluent gases body weight alternatively.

In one embodiment, outlet comprises opening second (downstream) end of gas reforming chamber.

In one embodiment, outlet comprises one or more openings that are positioned near gas reforming chamber second (downstream) end.

In one embodiment, outlet is included near the opening on the wall of the gas reforming chamber of second (downstream) end.

Port

The gas reforming chamber comprises various port, and described various port comprises the one or more port of well heater, one or more processing additives port and randomly one or more entry port, observation port and/or instrument port of being used for.

Heater port comprises and is used for the elementary heating source (port that comprises plasma torch and optional boosting source.

In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises one or more ports that are used to install plasma torch 3016.

In one embodiment, gas reforming chamber 3002 comprises two or more ports that are used to install plasma torch 3016 heating.

In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises that three or more is used to install the port of plasma torch.

In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises four or a plurality of port that is used to install plasma torch.

In one embodiment, be provided at two ports settling plasma source along the diametrical position in outdoor week of gas reforming.

In one embodiment, provide two ports to be used for tangentially installing two plasma torchs.

In one embodiment, the port that is used for tangentially installing plasma torch is positioned at the air intlet top so that the maximum exposure of article on plasma body torch heat to be provided.

Randomly, the port that is used to install plasma torch can be equipped with the mechanism that is slidingly installed to help to insert or to shift out from the gas reforming chamber plasma torch (one or more), and this port can comprise the automatic family of power and influence, to seal this port in plasma torch (one or more) reaction back.

Randomly, for example carbonic acid gas, other hydrocarbon or other gas enter the gas reforming chamber can make processing additives to be injected into to comprise one or more processing additives ports or import.Randomly, provide port or import, can not be recycled into the gas reforming chamber again so that do not satisfy the reformed gas of quality standard, with further processing.Mouth or import can be positioned at various angles and/or mix in the indoor material turbulent flow of gas reforming with promotion the position.

Can comprise that one or more ports are to allow the measurement of processing temperature, pressure, gas composition and other goal condition.

In addition, the gas reforming chamber can further comprise the one or more ports that are used for the second torch thermal source, to help the pre-plasma torch heating or the plasma torch heating of gas reforming chamber.

The one or more ports or the import of stopper, lid, valve and/or door sealing gas reforming chamber randomly, are provided.Suitable stopper, lid, valve and/or door are known in the art, and can comprise manual operation or automatically those.Port can further comprise suitable seal such as sealing cover.

The oxygen source port

As mentioned above, GRS contains the one or more imports that are useful on one or more oxygen sources, oxygen source (one or more) includes but not limited to oxygen, oxygen-rich air, air, oxidizing medium and steam, so the gas reforming chamber comprises the one or more ports that are used for the oxygen source input.

In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises one or more ports that are used for air and/or oxygen inlet, randomly comprises one or more ports that are used for vapor feed.

In one embodiment, gas reforming chamber 3002 comprises one or more oxygen source ports.In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises two or more oxygen source ports.In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises four or a plurality of oxygen source port.In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises six or a plurality of oxygen source port.In one embodiment, be provided at nine oxygen source ports arranging in around outdoor week of gas reforming three layers.The oxygen source port can be multiple arrangement, as long as this arrangement provides oxygen source and input gas thorough mixing.

Gas mixer

Gas reforming chamber 3002 can be further randomly or comprise other or auxiliary gas mixer near input gas feed place, to mix input gas, so that input gas has more uniform component and/or temperature, and/or will import gas and mix with processing additives.Mixing tank can comprise one or more gas swivel nozzles (air swirljets) in input gas feed place or near input gas feed place, described gas swivel nozzle injects input gas with little air and rotatablely moves or turbulent flow in the generation of input gas stream, mixes input gas thus.

In one embodiment, mixing tank or comprise two or more gas swivel nozzles near input gas feed place---it injects input gas with little air and produces at the input gas stream and rotatablely moves or turbulent flow, thereby utilizes the air speed mixing input gas that injects.

In one embodiment, mixing tank or comprise three or more gas swivel nozzle near ingress---it injects input gas with little air and produces at the input gas stream and rotatablely moves or turbulent flow, thereby mixes input gas.

In one embodiment, mixing tank or comprise four or a plurality of gas swivel nozzle near ingress---it injects input gas with little air and produces at the input gas stream and rotatablely moves or turbulent flow, thereby mixes input gas.The quantity of design gas swivel nozzle is to provide maximum mixing and rotation based on air-flow of setting and rate of discharge, so that spray the center that can enter into this chamber.

Baffle plate also can be used to cause mix and import gas by turbulization in input gas.Baffle plate is the mechanical obstacles of proper flow pattern.Baffle plate is used to block the cross section of combustion chamber cross section, and this causes the quick increase of flow velocity and reducing fast accordingly in the baffle plate downstream side.This produces high-caliber turbulent flow and quickens local the mixing.

In the gas reforming chamber, baffle plate can be positioned at a plurality of positions.The baffle plate set-up mode is known in the art, and includes but not limited to intersect baffle plate, bridge wall baffle plate (Fig. 6 A) and reactance coil baffle plate (Fig. 6 B) set-up mode.Therefore, in one embodiment, gas mixes and comprises baffle plate.

Oxygen source

As mentioned above, GRS comprises oxygen source, and this oxygen source can include but not limited to oxygen, oxygen-rich air, air, oxidizing medium and steam.

In one embodiment, thus the gas reforming chamber comprise one or more oxygen sources inlet.

In one embodiment, air and/or oxygen and vapor feed comprise high temperature resistance spray nozzle or fog nozzle.Suitable air nozzle is known in the art, and can comprise any commercially available type.The nozzle of single type or the nozzle of a plurality of types can be used among the GRS.The nozzle of example comprises A type nozzle shown in Figure 7 and Type B nozzle.Can need select bleed type based on function, for example, the direction that A type nozzle is used to change air-flow is to produce the rotation of expectation, and the Type B nozzle is used to produce high velocity air and penetrates to reach some, and makes mixing maximize.

The bootable air of nozzle is to any angle, as long as this angle is effectively carried out mixed gas.In one embodiment, air nozzle is tangentially placed.In one embodiment, angled air blowing has deflector plate by the point place at feed nozzle and realizes, therefore allows inlet pipe and flange (flange) and gas reforming chamber to meet at right angles.

The arrangement of air and/or oxygen inlet is flowed and injection rate based on the diameter of gas reforming chamber, setting, so that can reach suitable penetrates, maximum rotation and mixing.The present invention considers oxygen inlet or mouth, steam-gas inlet or mouth and is used for the various arrangements of the mouth of plasma torch that they provide input gas and the oxygen of injection and the thorough mixing of steam, and provide enough residence times to reforming reaction.For example, oxygen inlet or mouthful, steam-gas inlet or mouthful and be used for the mouth of plasma torch can be around the outdoor all hierarchal arrangement of gas reforming.Tangent line and layering injected plasma gas, oxygen and steam are considered in this arrangement, and this causes rotatablely moving and imports the thorough mixing of gas and oxygen and steam, and enough residence times of reforming reaction generation are provided.

In the embodiment of air and/or oxygen feeding mouth hierarchal arrangement, air and/or oxygen jet can randomly be arranged with the maximization mixed effect.

In one embodiment, all air or oxygen input ports tangentially are provided with, and allow the input port pre-mixed gas of lower height thus, be heated with torch, and the eddying motion in the startup gas.The air input port of high height can quicken eddying motion, allows round-robin eddy current mode developed and keep thus.

Referring to Fig. 9, in one embodiment, the air input port of minimum altitude comprises 4 jet orifices 3212---it produces pre-mixing from low gasifier gas, and to heat with torch.Other higher two-layer air nozzle 3211 will provide main power and oxygen with mixed gas and it is heated to temperature required with torch.

Steam-gas inlet or being arranged on quantity, level, direction and the angle of mouth are flexibly, as long as they are positioned at the position of the temperature control capability that provides optimum.

In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises one or more steam-gas inlets or mouth.In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises two or more steam-gas inlets or mouth.Steam-gas inlet or mouth can be various arrangements, as long as this arrangement provides and import the thorough mixing of gas.In one embodiment, be provided at two vapor feed of in the periphery of gas reforming chamber two-layer, arranging, and be positioned at diametrical position.

Oxygen and/or vapor feed also can be positioned, so as they with oxygen and steam with the inwall certain angle of gas reforming chamber under, the injecting gas reformer chamber, this promotes gas turbulence or rotation.Gas injection based on chamber diameter and setting is flowed and speed, selects this angle to mix to reach enough spray penetration and maximizations.

In one embodiment, oxygen and/or steam-gas inlet are with inwall injection air and the steam of the angle between about 50-70 degree from the gas reforming chamber.In one embodiment, oxygen and/or steam-gas inlet are with inwall injection air and the steam of the angle between about 55-65 degree from the gas reforming chamber.In one embodiment, oxygen and/or steam-gas inlet are with inwall injection air and the steam of about 60 angles of spending from the gas reforming chamber.

In one embodiment, can arrange air nozzle so that they are all in same plane, perhaps they can arranged in succession the plane continuously.Arranging of design air nozzle to reach maximum mixed effect.In one embodiment, air nozzle is in upper horizontal plane arrangement down.In one embodiment, horizontal plane below has four nozzles, and superincumbent horizontal plane has other six nozzles, and wherein three nozzles are higher than other three a little and reach better mixing to produce the crosswise jet mixed effect.

In one embodiment, the gas reforming chamber comprises oxygen input, steam input port and is used for the port of plasma torch, they be arranged in case in whole chamber gas and steam thorough mixing.

Randomly, processing gas can be blown into this chamber angledly, so that make gas generation gas rotation or whirlwind move through this chamber.Plasma torch also can be angled so that being further rotated of this stream to be provided.Plasma torch and auxiliary plasma thermal source

For the carrying out of reforming reaction, the gas reforming chamber must be heated to sufficiently high temperature by torch.This area staff can be identified for the sufficient temp of reforming reaction easily.In one embodiment, temperature is about 800 ℃ to about 1200 ℃.In one embodiment, temperature is about 950 ℃ to about 1050 ℃.In one embodiment, temperature is about 1000 ℃ to about 1200 ℃.

Therefore GRS further comprises one or more not transferred arc plasma torchs.The transferred arc plasma torch is not known in the art, and comprises not transferred arc AC and DC plasma torch.Multiple gases can be used with plasma torch, and it includes but not limited to air, O ₂, N ₂, Ar, CH ₄, C ₂H ₂And C ₃H ₆This area staff can determine the type of the plasma torch that can use easily in GRS.

In one embodiment, plasma torch is one or more not transferred arc ac plasma torches (one or more).In one embodiment, plasma torch is one or more not transferred arc direct-current plasma torches (one or more).

In one embodiment, two plasma torchs are arranged, it is tangentially settled with generation and air and/or the identical sense of rotation of oxygen feeding sense of rotation.In one embodiment, plasma torch is two 300kW plasma torchs, and each moves under needs (part) capacity.

In one embodiment, gas reforming equipment comprises two or more plasma torchs.In one embodiment, gas reforming equipment comprises two water-cooled, copper electrodes, NTAT DC plasma torch.

In one embodiment, discharge the torch heat by maximization, the application of minimum plasma body torch heating, this is at carbon or many carbon molecule mainly reform CO and H ₂Undertaken by the air of optimization injecting gas reformer chamber and/or the amount of oxygen during this time.

Controlling System

In an embodiment of the invention, can provide Controlling System to be controlled at one or more processes of implementing and/or pass through its enforcement in various systems and/or the subsystem disclosed herein; And/or being used to of providing that this paper contains influences the control of one or more process apparatus of such process.Usually, following various parts of control, Controlling System operability ground and/or regional process: fixed system, subsystem or its element are relevant with giving, and/or it is relevant with one or more global process of implementing in the system such as gasification system, in described system or with the described cooperative system various embodiment of the present invention that can turn round, thereby and the various suitable controlled variable that influences these processes of designated result of regulating it.Therefore various sensing members and response element are distributed in the The whole control system, or it is relevant with its one or more elements, and be used for obtaining various processes, reactant and/or product feature, these features are compared with the suitable scope of this feature that helps to realize expected results, and responded by in one or more processes of carrying out, implementing to change via one or more controlled process devices.

Usually, described Controlling System generally includes, for example, one or more sensing members that are used for the sensing one or more features relevant with system, implementation process in described system, thereby input is provided, thus and/or generation output.Be connected in to one or more computing platform intercommunications these sensing members and be used for the eigenwert that the feature of sensing is represented in visit (accessing), and dispose this computing platform so that described eigenwert is compared with the pre-determined range that limits with such value of characterizing operation that these features are suitable for selecting and/or downstream result, and calculate the one or more one or more process control parameters of described eigenwert within this pre-determined range that help to keep.Therefore a plurality of response elements are connected to operability one or more process apparatus, described process apparatus can operate influences the input of described system, process and/or output and thereby adjust the feature of the described sensing of gas, and intercommunication ground is connected to described computing platform and is used to visit the controlled variable that the calculates processing unit that also turns round in view of the above.

In one embodiment, described Controlling System provides and feedback, feedforward and/or the predictive control of carbon raw material to relevant various systems, process, input and/or output of gas reforming, to promote efficient one or more and its relevant process of being implemented.For example, can assess various process features, and adjusting controllably to influence these processes, it can comprise, but be not limited to, the calorific value of raw material and/or component, the feature of product gas is (for example, calorific value, temperature, pressure, flow, component, carbon content etc.), consider the intensity of variation of this feature, and the ratio of input cost and output value.Continuously and/or in real time various controlled variable are adjusted, it can comprise, but be not limited to, power of heat source, additive feed rate (for example oxygen, oxygenant, steam etc.), raw material feed rate are (for example, one or more different and/or blended feeds), gas and/or system pressure/flow regulator are (for example, gas blower, safety valve and/or variable valve, spark (flares) etc.) or the like, it can be carried out in the following manner: according to design and/or downstream technical qualification assessments and optimize one or more features relevant with process.

Selectively, or in addition, can dispose described Controlling System and monitor running, be used to guarantee suitable running, be used to guarantee that described process implements (when such standard where applicable) in legal standards to the various elements of fixed system.

According to an embodiment, described Controlling System can further be used in monitoring and control impacts for the total energy of fixed system.For example, can operate to fixed system making its energy impact reduce like this, or suboptimization again, for example by optimizing one or more processes of implementing, or once more by increasing the recovery by the energy (for example, used heat) that these processes produced.Selectively, or in addition, described Controlling System be can dispose and (for example the component of the product gas that produces via the process of described control and/or further feature adjusted, temperature, pressure, flow etc.), make this feature not only be adapted to the downstream like this and use, and to effectively and/or best the use also be best basically.For example, the gas engine that is used for driving given kind at described product gas produces the embodiment of electricity, and the feature that can regulate described product gas like this makes the best input feature vector of these features and this engine mate best.

In one embodiment, can dispose described Controlling System and adjust given process, make like this residence time about reactant and/or product in the various elements, and/or about the restriction of each process in the whole process or performance index are satisfied and/or optimization.For example, may command upstream process speed is mated one or more follow-up downstream processes basically.

In addition, in different embodiments, Controlling System is applicable to order and/or control simultaneously with the each side of the given process of continuous and/or real-time mode.

Usually, described Controlling System can comprise the Controlling System structure of any kind of that is applicable to existing application (the application at hand).For example, described Controlling System can comprise Controlling System, distributed Controlling System or their combination of concentrating basically.Centralized monitoring system generally will comprise central controller, and this central controller is configured to and various parts and/or the intercommunication of remote sensing device; And response element, this response element is configured to the various features relevant with control process of sensing respectively and is applicable to that by one or more influencing the control of described control process process apparatus directly or indirectly comes this response.Use concentrating structure, implement great majority in central authorities and calculate via one or more devices (centralized processor) that focus on, the great majority of the feasible like this control that is used to implement described process must hardware and/or software be positioned at same position.

Distributed Controlling System will generally include two or more distributed directors, it can be communicated with each sensing and response element separately and be used to monitor part and/or provincial characteristics, and comes its reaction via local and/or regional process apparatus (it is configured to influences local process or subprocess).Be communicated with also and can occur between the distributed director via the diverse network configuration, wherein can be conveyed to second controller via the feature of the first controller sensing and be used for responding there, wherein this far end response can be to the feature functions at the first location sensing.For example, the feature of downstream product gas can be passed through downstream monitoring device sensing, and adjusts by adjusting controlled variable, and described controlled variable is with relevant by the convertor of downstream controller control.In a distributed frame, control hardware and/or software also are distributed between the controller, wherein same but control scheme modular arrangements can be implemented on each controller, and perhaps the modularization of various cooperations control scheme can be implemented on controller separately.

Alternatively, but described Controlling System can be further divided into isolating part, zone and/or the overall control subsystem that connects communicatively.This structure can allow to carry out given process or the generation of correlated process series and have with minimum interaction of other local control subsystem Be Controlled partly.Overall situation master control system can be communicated with to come the adjustment to local process guiding necessity to be used for global outcome subsequently with local control subsystem separately.

Controlling System of the present invention can be used any said structure, or any other structure generally known in the art, and it is regarded as in total scope and essence of present disclosure.For example, can control in special local environment in the process with implementing of context inner control of the present invention, when applicable, external communications is to any central authorities and/or the tele-control system that are used for associated upstream or downstream process alternatively.In addition, described Controlling System can comprise that design is with cooperation control area and/or the part of global process and/or the sub-element of global control system.For example, the module design Controlling System makes like this each seed elements of control module interactively Controlling System provides intermodule to be communicated with according to needs local and/or overall situation control simultaneously.

Described Controlling System generally includes one or more central authorities, network and/or distributed processors; One or more inputs are used to receive current feature from described various sensing member sensings; And one or more outputs, be used for controlled variable new or that upgrade is conveyed to various response elements.One or more computing platforms of described Controlling System (for example also can comprise one or more parts and/or remote computer readable media, ROM, RAM, removable media, part and/or access to netwoks medium etc.), be used for storing therein various controlled variable, setting or preferred systems predetermined and/or that adjust again and process feature operating range, system monitoring and control software, service data or the like.Randomly, described computing platform also can be directly or via various data storage equipment access process simulated datas and/or system parameter optimization and model building device.In addition, described computer platform can be equipped one or more optional graphic user interfaces and input peripheral, be used for providing management access (system upgrade, maintenance, modification, to revise at the adaptation of new system module and/or equipment to described Controlling System, or the like), and various optional output peripherals, be used to be communicated with external source (for example, modern times, network connection, printer etc.) data and information.

Described treatment system and any one described sub-treatment system can comprise the combination of proprietary hardware or any hardware and software.Any sub-treatment system can comprise following any combination: do not have or a plurality of ratio (P), integration (I) or differential (D) controller, for example P controller, I controller, PI controller, PD controller, PID controller etc.The ideal that it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the combination of P, I and D controller selects to depend on the scope of the operating condition of the kinetics of described gasification system partial reaction process and time of lag and the control of described combination intention, and the kinetics of described combined controller and time of lag.It is evident that for those skilled in the art described combination can implement to simulate hard-wired form, it can be via sensing member monitoring feature value continuously, and via response element itself and designated value is compared the controlling elements that influences separately and reduce difference between described observed value and the designated value to do suitable adjustment.It is evident that more that for those skilled in the art described combination can be implemented in the hybrid digital based hardware and software environments.Additional any sampling, data are obtained and the respective effects of digital processing is known to those skilled in the art.P, I, D Combination Control can be implemented in feedforward and feedback control scheme.

In correction or feedback control, compare with designated value or scope via the controlled variable or the controlled variable value of suitable sensing member monitoring.Control signal determines based on the deviation between two values, and provides it to controlling elements, so that reduce described deviation.Be to be understood that conventional feedback or response Controlling System can further be suitable for comprising element adaptation and/or predictability, wherein can customize with feature according to the reaction of mimic and/or previous monitoring response is provided, limit potential overshoot (overshoot) in the compensating action simultaneously sensing to the response of specified criteria.For example, data acquisition and/or historical that offer given system configuration can be used for to cooperation adjusting the response to system and/or process feature, described feature from optimum value sensing, in given scope, previous monitored and adjust so that ideal results to be provided to the response of optimum value.Control scheme this adaptation and/or prediction is known in the art, and does not similarly think total scope and the essence that breaks away from present disclosure.

Controlling elements

Be encompassed in sensing member herein, as above qualification with describe, can comprise, but be not limited to the element of chemical composition, flow rate and temperature, the monitor temperature of monitoring gas, monitoring pressure, monitoring gas opacity and the various parameter (be torch power and bit put) relevant with torch.

Detected parameter

The H of the product gas that gasification technology produces usually ₂: the H that the CO beguine needs according to downstream application ₂: CO is than changing to 1:1 from height to about 6:1 to low.In one embodiment, the H that obtains ₂: CO is than being 1.1-1.2:1.In one embodiment, the H that obtains ₂: CO is than being 1.1:1.

On treatment temp, the H in reformed gas that obtains ₂: the CO ratio depends on Working environment (pyrolysis or enough O are arranged ₂/ air), the moisture and the amount of relative C, H content and the auxiliary carbon charging of gasified raw material.

One or more factors above considering, Controlling System of the present invention is at possible H ₂: CO is than the component of scope adjusted through reformed gas---and the balance between plasma torch heat, air and/or the oxygen, carbon and the steam that apply by adjusting allows to be optimized at specific downstream application through the reformed gas component thus.

Can be termly or monitor a plurality of operating parameters continuously to determine whether system moves in optimizing the set-point.Monitored parameter can comprise, but be not limited to, the pressure of the temperature of each position, system and the various parameters (be torch power and bit put) relevant in the chemical composition of gas, flow rate and temperature, the system with torch, and these data are used to determine whether the described system parameter of needs adjusting.

Component and opacity through reformed gas

Can adopt method known to a person of ordinary skill in the art to sample and assay products gas.Can be used in a kind of method of determining the product gas component is to analyze by gas gas chromatogram (GC).The sampling point that is used for these analyses can spread all over total system.In one embodiment, described gaseous fraction uses fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyser (infrared spectra of its measurement gas) to measure.

A part of the present invention is to determine whether have too much in the steam or very little oxygen and adjusting process correspondingly in outlet.In one embodiment, the concentration of analyser in the carbon monoxide steam or sensor detecting carbonic acid gas or other benchmark oxygen-rich material.In one embodiment, directly measure oxygen.

In one embodiment, sensor tip is to carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbon and the carboloy dioxide analysis component through reformed gas, and the data that obtain based on analysis, controller is sent to oxygen and/or steam-gas inlet with signal, is injected into the oxygen of gas reforming chamber and/or vapor volume and to the signal of plasma torch with control.

In one embodiment, one or more optional opaqueness watch-dogs are installed in system, so that the real-time feedback of opaqueness to be provided, provide optional mechanism to be used for the automatic control of processing additive, main steam input speed thus, be lower than maximum acceptable concentration with the amount of keeping predetermined substance.

System everywhere temperature

In one embodiment, generator is monitored through the temperature of reformed gas and the total system temperature of position everywhere, and wherein this kind data are obtained on the successive basis.The device that is used for monitoring described chamber temperature can be positioned on the outer wall of chamber or be positioned at the heat-stable material at top, middle part and the place, bottom of chamber.Additionally, be provided for monitoring transmitter through the outflow temperature of reformed gas.

In one embodiment, the device that is used for monitor temperature is provided by the thermopair that is installed in system desired location place.

The pressure of system

In one embodiment, setting device comes the pressure in the monitoring reaction container, and wherein this kind data are obtained on continuous, real-time basis.In further embodiment, these pressure monitoring devices comprise pressure sensor or the manometric head that is positioned at any position of reaction vessel (for example on the vertical wall of reaction vessel).

The speed of gas flow

In one embodiment, generator comes the product gas speed of Monitoring systems position, and wherein this kind data are obtained on the successive basis.

The fluctuation of gas flow may be the result of non-homogenizing condition (for example, delay work or use up for the torch of electrode conversion, or other support equipment delays work).As interim measure, the fluctuation in the gas flow can by fan speed, and the speed of feed and the filtering feedback control of torch of raw material, auxiliary material, air, steam proofread and correct.If fluctuation continues to exist, the system that can stop is up to dealing with problems.

The interpolation of processing additive

In one embodiment, Controlling System comprises that response element comes the conditioned reaction thing---comprise any processing additive, reform with management input gas to chemistry through reformed gas.For example, processing additive can be added into the effective conversion through reformed gas that the indoor input gas reforming that is beneficial to certain chemical composition is different required components.

In one embodiment, if transmitter then reduces the injection of steam and/or oxygen detect excessive carbon dioxide in reformed gas.

Response element herein, be defined as above and state, can include, but are not limited to, variously be coupled to the various controlling elementss of the equipment relevant with technology in the mode that can move, wherein said equipment is configured to influence technology by regulating given controlled variable associated therewith.For example, the processing unit that can move by one or more response elements can include, but not limited to regulate the element of oxygen source input and plasma heat herein.

Be adjusted to the power of torch (torch heat)

Technology of the present invention uses the may command ability of plasma torch heat to drive reaction.The heat load of part torch is also born in process air to the interpolation in the refining chamber---by discharging the torch thermal energy with burning through reformed gas.The flow rate of regulating process air remains on torch power in the good operating range.

Regulate plasma torch heat and will be stabilized in the design setting point through the outflow temperature of reformed gas.Exist at an embodiment, fully decompose in order to ensure charcoal that forms in the gasifier and cigarette ash, design setting point is about 1000 ℃.

Pressure in the regulation system

In one embodiment, Controlling System comprises that response element comes the internal pressure in watch-keeping cubicle.In one embodiment, described internal pressure maintains negative pressure, promptly is lower than the pressure of barometric point slightly.For example, the pressure of reactor will maintain about 1-3 millibar vacuum.In one embodiment, the pressure of system maintains malleation.

The example embodiment that is used to control this kind device of internal pressure provides by the sucktion fan that links to each other with GRS gas.Thereby the described sucktion fan that adopts with system held in negative pressure.Keep therein in the system of malleation, blower fan is controlled and move under the low RPM that compares with negative pressure condition, maybe can use compressor.

In response to the resulting data of system's pressure transmitter everywhere, the speed of sucktion fan will be to increase (fan is with speedup thus) still to reduce (fan will slow down thus) and regulate according to the pressure in the system.In addition, the method according to this invention, system can be maintained a shade below negative pressure with respect to barometric point, is discharged in the environment to prevent gas.

Can make pressure-stabilisation by the speed of regulating through the reformed gas blower fan.Randomly, at the speed place that is lower than the minimum running frequency of blower fan, subcontrol is override (override) and adjusting recycling valve (recirculation valve) alternatively.In case recycling valve is back to fully and closes, main control inserts again.

Be used for the gasifier that uses with GRS

The present invention is suitable for using or using with various types of gasifiers with one or more gasifiers.Gasifier is converted into the input gaseous product with carbon raw material.The stage of material gasification comprises: i) dried feed is to remove residual water-content; Ii) make the volatile component of drying raw material volatilize, with generation charcoal intermediate product, and the charcoal of iii) reforming is with input gas and ash.Therefore the gaseous product of gasification comprises volatile component and input, and gas---it bears reforming plasma step of the present invention to provide original in the reformed gas product.

Usually, gasifier comprises the chamber that has refractory lining, and described chamber has one or more material inlets, torch heating unit, one or more optional processing additive import, pneumatic outlet and optional solid residue or slag outlet or removal system.

Gasifying process can be carried out in the various again gasifier, and described various gasifiers comprise gasifier or the multiple gasifier as known in the art that following example is described.The example of gasifier as known in the art includes, but not limited to be mingled with flow reactor container, fluidized-bed reactor and rotary oven reactor---all be suitable for admitting the raw material of the form of solid, particle, pulpous state, liquid, gas or its combination.Gasifier can have the length-to-diameter ratio of wide region, and can be vertically or the horizontal direction setting.

In one embodiment, the gasifier that uses with the present invention is to transmit reaction gasifier 3401 (Figure 10)---it is mixed in raw material in the gas vapor, and makes it recirculation and reform substantially to importing gas to guarantee raw material by the zone of gasifying.GRS 3000 can randomly directly be coupled at gas outlet and transmit the reactor gasifier.

In one embodiment, the gasifier that uses with the present invention is to be mingled with stream gasifier 3402A (Figure 11).GRS 3000 will increase the residence time and be used for sufficient reacting and carry out to being mingled with the coupling of flowing gasifier, and increase by second high-temperature area to guarantee gaseous mass.

In one embodiment, the gasifier that uses with the present invention is fixed bed gasifiers 3403A, 3403B (Figure 12).Fixed bed gasifiers can be multiple design---control is used for flowing and characteristic of gasification (and pyrolytic decomposition).GRS 3000 is coupled to the input pneumatic outlet to guarantee that gas is to the thorough reaction than the simple gases molecule.

In one embodiment, the gasifier that uses with the present invention is Cyclonic gasifying device 3404 (Figure 13).

Embodiment

Figure 14 to 18 is in conjunction with comprising that the embodiment of the GRS of gas regulation chamber shown in Figure 5 illustrates convertor.

Described gasifier 2200 comprises horizontal alignment staged vaporizer 2202, gasification outlet 2206 and the solid residue outlet 2208 of the band refractory lining with raw material input 2204.Described vaporizer 2202 is the steel weldments of refractory lining with staged base plate of a plurality of floor level 2212,2214,2216.

Described solid residue outlet is equipped with the ash content extractor displacer that comprises extractor displacer spiral 2209, and it can be pulled out described ash content from described gasifier, and it is dropped into ash delivery device system.

Each step has the base plate 2270 of perforation, and the air that heats by this floor can be introduced into.Stop up during handling for fear of described airport, select the size of described airport to make it produce restriction, thereby and cause the pressure that passes each hole to fall.This pressure falls is enough to prevent that waste particles from entering described hole.

Air supply for each level or step is independent controlled.The independent air supply and the distribution of the described perforated bottom plate 2270 of tradition are realized by the isolating air chest 2272,2274,2276 that forms each step base plate.

Move through described step and refer to that by a series of carrier ram 2228,2230,2232 advances more, the base plate of each step is served by the single carrier ram that refers to more.Described serial carrier ram further allows the control of each step stack height in the described vaporizer and the total residence time of reaction raw materials.Each ram can move through all or part of length of that step with variable velocity.

Each ram unit comprises the outside leader of installing, has the drive system and the outside control device of installing of many fingers ram of optional leader engagement member, outside installation.Described leader comprises a pair of common level on the frame, common parallel long and narrow track 2240 (a), 2240 (b) (not shown) of being installed in.Each track has L shaped in fact cross section.Described ram comprises ram body 2326 and a series of long and narrow ram of orthogonal in fact finger piece 2328, and these finger piece 2328 sizes move through corresponding sealable opening in the described locular wall slidably.

The electric shift motor 2256 that advances described ram to be installed by the outside along the power of described track provides, and its CD-ROM drive motor output shaft 2258 selectively allows speed elongation and the contraction of (allowing for) described ram with control forward or in the opposite direction.Position transducer 2269 is to described Controlling System transmission ram positional information.Randomly, described motor can further comprise wheel casing (gear box).Two drive chain gear teeth 2260 are installed on the described motor output shaft.Described drive sprocket 2260 and the corresponding driven sprocket 2262 that is installed on the axle 2264 are meshed with chain member (chainmember) 2266, and described chain member 2266 is fixed on the described narrow and long rectangular piece 2244 by carriage (bracket).

In described staged gasifier, the condition of individual steps is optimised the drying, volatilization and the carbon that are used in various degree and reforms.

Described raw material is introduced described chamber, cause on the first step via described raw material input (421).The normal temperature range of this step (when measuring the bottom of described bank) is between 300 ℃ and 900 ℃.Main process herein is the drying process with volatilization and carbon conversion.

The bottom temp scope of design procedure II is between 400 ℃ and 950 ℃.Main process is the volatilization process that transforms with the drying operation of little degree (remnants) and a large amount of carbon.

The scope of Step II I is between 600 ℃ and 1000 ℃.Main process in Step II I is with less (remnants) evaporable carbon conversion process.

When described solid feed material passes described chamber, owing to its volatile fraction volatilization forms input gas, so quality and VOLUME LOSS, and the charcoal that generates is reacted formation extra input gas and ash content.

Unrefined input gas is discharged by the pneumatic outlet 2206 of described gasifier 2200, enter the GRS 3200 that is coupled to described gasifier via mounting flange 3214, described mounting flange 3214 directly connects the single taper input gas of described gasifier pneumatic outlet and GRS.Air is injected described input gas by vortex port 3212,, thereby in described GRS, mix described input gas and form recirculation eddy current collection of illustrative plates (vortexpattern) with formation swirling motion or turbulent flow in described input air-flow.The residence time of the gas in described RGS is about 1.2 seconds.

Referring to Fig. 5, described GRS comprises that in fact refractory lining columnar chamber of vertically installing (its length-diameter be assigned as about 3:1) and single taper import gas feed (described gasifier is connected to this import via mounting flange 3214).Described chamber is equipped with the lid of refractory lining lid 3203, thereby forms sealed gas reformer chamber 3202.

Described gas reforming chamber comprises various one or more ports that are used for well heater 3216 ports that comprise, one or more ports that are used for one or more oxygen sources 3210, and randomly one or more inlet or observation port 3326 and/or instrument port 3226.In addition, described gas reforming chamber is equipped with hoist point 3230.

The refractory materials that is used on the described locular wall is following multilayer: inboard design has high-density layer, to resist the described indoor high temperature that exists, erosion and corrosion; Middle than the low density material layer, have lower resistivity the higher insulation factor is still arranged; And outside extra-low density foam flaggy, have the high insulation factor.Outer---between cystose and the container box hat, be ceramic blanket materials, it provides flexible layer to allow the microdilatancy between described solid refractory material and the described vessel shell.The perpendicular value expansion of described refractory materials provides by the compressible flame retardant coating segregation section of non-compressible refractory.Described compressible refractory corrodes by overlapping preventing except that extending Monofrax.

Referring to Figure 19, described gas reforming chamber further comprises the refractory materials support system, and this refractory materials support system comprises a series of annular extension supports 3220.Each support is by segmentation and comprise permission expansible gap.Each support fragment 3222 is by a series of Support brackets) 3224 support.

In this embodiment of GRS, comprise air and steam input for one or more inputs of one or more oxygen sources.

Described GRS further comprises air nozzle, two localized plasma torchs of tangent line, six thermocouple port, two burnings port, two pressure delivery port and some standby ports that three grades of tangent lines are settled.

Referring to Fig. 9, air is injected described air-flow by three grades of air nozzles, described three grades of nozzles comprise four spouts more rudimentary 3212, comprise other six spouts more senior 3211, in more senior 3211, three spouts are realized better mixing a little more than other three spouts to form the crosswise jet mixing effect.

Described GRS further comprises the water-cooled copper electrode of 300kW, NTAT that two tangent lines install, is installed in the DC plasma torch on the coasting mechanism.Described two plasma torchs are placed on the top of described air nozzle to be exposed to plasma torch heat (referring to Fig. 9,3216) the biglyyest

Described plasma body supply of power is converted into the DC power of plasma torch separately with three-phase AC power.As intermediate steps, described unit is converted into single high frequency phase with described three-phase AC input earlier.This allows, and final DC exports better linearizing in the chopper parts (chopper section).This unit allows output dc voltage can fluctuate so that keep stable DC electric current.

Plasma torch 3208 separately is installed in and described torch 3208 can be moved into and shifts out on the coasting mechanism of described gas reforming chamber.Described torch 3208 is sealed on the described gas reforming chamber 3202 by tightness system.The sealing device seals sluice valve, and it transfers to install and be sealed on the described container.For mobile torch 3208, it is pulled out from described reformer chamber 3202 by coasting mechanism.The initial movable that slides makes the high pressure torch supply of power incapacitation of security purpose.Described valve cuts off automatically when described torch 3208 has passed the withdrawal of described sluice valve, and refrigeration cycle stops.Flexible pipe and cable and described torch 3208 are isolating, and described tightness system is emitted from described sluice valve, and described torch 3208 passes through elevator lifting.

Use the reversal procedure of above program to carry out the replacing of torch 3208; The described structure that slides can be conditioned the depth of penetration of permitting the described torch 3208 of change.Described sluice valve mechanically is operated, thereby running is automatic.Pneumatic actuator 3233 is used for the described torch of automatic drawing back under the situation of cooling system failure.The pressurized air of described performer of being used to turn round provides from the special-purpose air holder, thereby even under the situation of electric power fault power can utilize all the time.Identical air reservoir provides air for described sluice valve 3234.Electronic interlocking lid is used as further security device by the passage that prevents described high pressure torch joint.

Thermopair is installed in the different position of described gas reforming chamber, makes the temperature maintenance of the gas reformed in the described GRS like this at about 1000 ℃, and if temperature fall under this temperature, the power that so described plasma torch or air inject increases.

In this embodiment, pre-set the air flow quantity of each step, to keep constant temp scope and ratio between each step basically.For example, total air flow quantity of about 36% is corresponding to steps A, and about 18% corresponding to step B, and about 6% corresponding to step C, and is remaining corresponding to the GRS that sets up (for example, 40% total air flow quantity).In addition, air input ratio dynamically changes with adjusting and occurs in temperature and technology in described gasifier and/or each step of GRS.

The indoor interior molecule of gaseous mixture of described gas reforming is split into their component in the plasma arc district, be reassembled as reformed gas then.The big and heavy whole gas of this heat exports 3206 from described GRS discharge via described reformed gas.

Thereby the present invention who describes, below will be tangible: same invention can change in many ways.The disengaging the spirit and scope of the present invention are not thought in such variation, and all such intentions of significantly revising for a person skilled in the art comprise within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. an input gas reforming that is used for the reaction of autopneumatolysis in the future is the system with the reformed gas that limits chemical constitution, comprising:

(a) have the columnar chamber of the band refractory lining of first end and second end, described chamber comprises:

Be used at the described first end place of described chamber or receive the input of input air near it;

Be used at the described second end place of described chamber or discharge output near it through the reformation air;

The oxygen source input that one or more and described chamber fluid is communicated with;

(b) one or more plasma torchs; Wherein said plasma torch heats described chamber, thereby and described input air be converted into through reformed gas.

2. equipment according to claim 1, wherein said one or more oxygen sources are one or more oxygen inputs and randomly one or more steam input.

3. equipment according to claim 2, wherein said oxygen input and the input of described steam comprise the hot atomizing nozzle of anti-torch that is communicated with described chamber fluid.

4. equipment according to claim 3 further comprises the transmitter that is used to analyze described output gaseous constituent and definite flow, and is used for receiving data and controlling oxygen and the process controller of steam injection from described transmitter.

5. an input gas reforming that is used for the reaction of autopneumatolysis in the future is the method through reformed gas, may further comprise the steps:

(a) ingress in the chamber of being with refractory lining carries described input gas;

(b) oxygen source is injected described chamber;

(c) come torch to heat described chamber with one or more plasma torchs, thereby produce described through reformed gas; And

(d) remove from described chamber through reformed gas described.

6. method according to claim 5 further comprises the step of the described input gas of pre-mixing.

7. method according to claim 5 further comprises following step: analyze described composition through reformed gas, and the injection of controlling described oxygen and/or steam based on described analytical procedure.

8. method according to claim 5, wherein said oxygen source is selected from the group of being made up of air, oxygen-rich air and oxygen.

9. one kind is used for feedstock conversion is the convertor through reformed gas, and described convertor comprises the gasifier of the horizontal alignment that is communicated with the gas reforming system gas; The gasifier of described horizontal alignment comprises:

The horizontal alignment vaporizer, it has one or more raw material inputs, one or more pneumatic outlet and ash content outlet;

The chamber heating system;

One or more horizontal transfers unit is used for during handling material moved through described vaporizer; And

Controlling System, it is unitary mobile to be used to control described one or more horizontal transfer;

Described gas reforming system comprises:

Columnar chamber with band refractory lining of first end and second end,

Described columnar chamber comprises:

Input is used for from described first end that is arranged on described columnar chamber or near one or more pneumatic outlet receiver gasess of the gasifier it;

Output is used for discharging through reformed gas near the described second end place of described chamber or its;

The oxygen source input that one or more and described columnar chamber fluid is communicated with;

The plasma torch of the described columnar chamber of one or more heating;

Wherein the gas that enters the gasification of described columnar chamber from described raw material mixes with described one or more oxygen sources, thereby and is produced through reformed gas by one or more plasma torchs heating.

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