CN101520449A - Immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device and optimization method thereof - Google Patents
Immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device and optimization method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101520449A CN101520449A CN200910078366A CN200910078366A CN101520449A CN 101520449 A CN101520449 A CN 101520449A CN 200910078366 A CN200910078366 A CN 200910078366A CN 200910078366 A CN200910078366 A CN 200910078366A CN 101520449 A CN101520449 A CN 101520449A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device and an optimization method thereof. The optimization device comprises an immediate offshore area water-quality data collecting system for collecting immediate offshore area water-quality data and an immediate offshore area water-quality sampling and analyzing system for aggregating the water-quality data of sampling points based on an aggregation analysis method, and aggregating results are analyzed to confirm final sampling points. The invention can improve the representation of the sampling points, ensure the monitor efficiency, reduce the monitor cost, reasonably arrange the sampling points as far as possible and represent the water-quality conditions of a researched region to the maximum extent under the condition of limited monitor cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine environmental protection and water quality monitoring technical field, relate in particular to a kind of immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device and optimization method.
Background technology
Immediate offshore area is the terrestrial environment of human living and the handing-over area of marine environment.The immediate offshore area resources such as mineral products, sea-farming, tourist sight, harbour and water front that are richly stored with are the very frequent areas of human ocean activity, also are the most flourishing areas of fecundity of the sea.In recent years, sharply increase, cause the environmental quality severe exacerbation of China's immediate offshore area from the pollutant discharge amount of land-based area, atmospheric sedimentation and sea-farming etc.
According to the marine environmental quality communique, the local water quality of China's immediate offshore area slightly took a turn for the better in 2007, but it is still severe to pollute situation; The overwhelming majority regional water quality in coastal waters reach cleaning and than cleanliness standard; It is good that the off-lying sea sea water quality continues to keep.Full marine site does not reach about 14.5 ten thousand square kilometres of the area of quality standard for clean oceanic water.Clean marine site, slight pollution marine site, intermediate pollution marine site and severe contamination oceanic area and be about 5.1,4.8,1.7 and 2.9 ten thousand square kilometres respectively.The severe contamination marine site mainly is distributed in the local waters of Liaodong Wan, Bohai Sea Gulf, HUANGHE ESTUARY, Laizhou Wan, entrance of Changjiang River, Hangzhou Wan, the mouth of the Zhujiang River and part big and medium-sized cities offshore.
The protection of strengthening immediate offshore area is the important content of China environmental protection.Water quality monitoring is an important evidence of grasping Environment of Alongshore Sea Area quality condition and evolving trend, formulation environmental management scheme.Sampled point, monitoring index and sample frequency are the three elements of environmental water quality monitoring, and wherein choosing of sampled point determining the sampled data environmental quality in image study zone effectively, are that immediate offshore area water-quality is monitored a crucial ring therefore.
In theory, the many more water quality characteristics that can represent the target marine site more of sampled point.But in fact, be subjected to the constraint of human and material resources and financial resources, can carry out water analysis sampled point be very limited, and may there be similar situation in the water sample of sampled point collection, can reduce effective sampled point.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical matters, a kind of immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device and optimization method are provided, its purpose is, optimizes immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point, so that obtain more representational sampled data.
The invention provides a kind of immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device, comprising:
The immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition system (DAS) is used for gathering and carries out the immediate offshore area water-quality data;
Immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis system is used for based on the clustering method of distance the water quality data of sampled point being carried out cluster; Cluster result is analyzed, to determine final sampled point.
Immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition system adopted field measurement or numerical value emulation method carry out the immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition.
Also comprise data from the sample survey storehouse, immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point space system, be used to store the required data of immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis system.
Also comprise immediate offshore area water-quality interpolation analysis system, be used to adopt the space interpolation technology that the immediate offshore area water-quality data are carried out interpolation, with the water quality characteristic of comprehensive reflection immediate offshore area.
Distance definition between the sampled point is:
Wherein the water concentration of sampled point i is C
i=(c
I1, c
I2..., c
In), w
kBe the weight of water-quality guideline, i, j, k are natural number;
When immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis system carries out cluster at the water quality data to sampled point:, directly adopt the distance between the sampled point to the distance between the single sampled point; To single sampled point and poly-be distance between the water-quality sampling point of a class, adopt this single sampled point and in such minor increment of each sampled point characterize distance between them; To the distance between two sampling point set of cluster, adopt minimum value and value between any two sampled points that belong to two sampling point set respectively.
Also comprise immediate offshore area water-quality space sampling expert man-machine interactive system, be used for replacement analysis result in real time, reflection expert's intention.
Also comprise immediate offshore area water-quality space sampling evaluating system, be used for that the sampling analysis result assesses to the space according to the evaluation index of setting.
Also comprise immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis display system, be used for dynamically showing based on the spatial analysis technology of GIS process and result to the water quality sampling analysis.
The invention provides a kind of immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method, comprising:
Step 1 is gathered and is carried out the immediate offshore area water-quality data;
Step 2 is carried out cluster based on the clustering method of distance to the water quality data of sampled point; Cluster result is analyzed, to determine final sampled point.
In the step 1, adopt field measurement or numerical value emulation method to carry out the immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition.
Between step 1 and step 2, also comprise: the required data of storage immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis system.
Also comprise after the step 2: step 21, adopt the space interpolation technology that the immediate offshore area water-quality data are carried out interpolation, with the water quality characteristic of comprehensive reflection immediate offshore area.
In the step 2, the distance definition between the sampled point is:
Wherein the water concentration of sampled point i is C
i=(c
I1, c
I2..., c
In), w
kBe the weight of water-quality guideline, i, j, k are natural number;
When the water quality data to sampled point carries out cluster:, directly adopt the distance between the sampled point to the distance between the single sampled point; To single sampled point and poly-be distance between the water-quality sampling point of a class, adopt this single sampled point and in such minor increment of each sampled point characterize distance between them; To the distance between two sampling point set of cluster, adopt minimum value and value between any two sampled points that belong to two sampling point set respectively.
Also comprise after the step 2: step 22, immediate offshore area water-quality space sampling expert's man-machine interactive system replacement analysis result in real time, reflection expert's intention.
Also comprise after the step 2: step 23, according to the evaluation index of setting, the sampling analysis result assesses to the space.
Also comprise after the step 2: step 24, process and the result to the water quality sampling analysis dynamically shows based on the spatial analysis technology of GIS.
The present invention can improve the representativeness of sampled point, thereby can guarantee to monitor efficient, minimizing monitoring cost.The present invention is the layout sampled point as far as possible reasonably, can represent the water quality condition of survey region to greatest extent under limited monitoring cost condition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device principle schematic provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is an immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method synoptic diagram provided by the invention.
Embodiment
The objective of the invention is to survey at the scene or the basis of numerical simulation data on, adopt space sampling analysis technology, choosing of immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point is optimized, to improve the representativeness of sampled point, reduce the monitoring cost, reflect the water quality condition of immediate offshore area as far as possible truly.The field measurement method is to arrange a large amount of sampled points in advance and carry out water quality monitoring, according to the change of water quality of the interpretation of result immediate offshore area of water quality monitoring.Numerical value emulation method is according to the flow field of immediate offshore area and change of water quality characteristics, analyzes the rule of pollutants transfer, diffusion and the decay of immediate offshore area, analyzes the water pollution distribution characteristics of immediate offshore area.On the data basis that said method collected, adopt space sampling analysis technology, the water quality characteristic of immediate offshore area is analyzed, determine final sampled point.
To achieve these goals, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
1, gathers the immediate offshore area water-quality data.Adopt field measurement or numerical value emulation method, carry out the immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition.Choosing of field measurement method and numerical value emulation method depended on monitoring cost and monitoring objective.
2, carry out the space sampling analysis.Adopt the method for space sampling, the measured data obtained or the representativeness of emulated data are analyzed.The space sample technique that can Gong choose has fuzzy clustering method, Matter Analysis method, neural network method, close value method, dynamic approach degree method and approaches ideal solution technology law etc.Wherein fuzzy clustering method because its clear concept, calculate succinct, information loss is less, is preferable methods.Mathematical statistics method is adopted in clustering method, and will have the water-quality sampling point of similar characteristics poly-is a class, thereby the otherness of outstanding water-quality sampling point is avoided similar water-quality sampling point repeated sampling.
3, adopt the characteristic index system that the sampling analysis result is assessed.The assessment indicator system that the present invention intends taking has: (1) mean value: reflection immediate offshore area water-quality long-run average, and this mean value both can be arithmetic mean, also can be the area weighted mean; (2) maximal value and minimum value: the extreme water quality condition of reflection immediate offshore area; (3) compliance rate: the water quality reaching standard rate index that the supervision of reflection environment requires; (4) emphasis marine site and priority pollutant water-quality guideline: to estimate the water quality condition of emphasis marine site and priority pollutant; (5) average change of water quality rate:, the characteristic index of reflection water quality evolving trend should be arranged if sampled data is by stages arranged.Owing to have a plurality of evaluation indexes, therefore adopt and set up the comprehensive assessment index based on the method for weighting.Concrete assessment index is:
In the formula, w
iBe the weight of every index, I
iBe the scoring of every index weight,
Wherein
Be the resulting desired value of data set after the sampling, x
iDesired value for data set before sampling.
4,, choose the water-quality sampling point of immediate offshore area according to assessment to sampling results.For strengthening man-machine interaction, expert intelligence is participated in the decision process of sampled point, multiple water-quality sampling point optimization scheme can be provided, the advantage and the deficiency of every kind of prioritization scheme are carried out carrying out final decision as real analysis for the expert.
5,, show analyzing data, process and result based on geographic information system technology (GIS).
According to above-mentioned design proposal, various piece of the present invention is further described with reference to Fig. 1.
The immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition system (DAS).Adopt field measurement or numerical value emulation method, carry out the immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition.Numerical value emulation method need be collected the various data informations that influence Pollutants Diffusion in the target immediate offshore area, include Haihe River streamflow and pollutant levels, pollution source the discharging water yield and pollutant levels, underwater topography, open characteristics such as border tidal level, utilize ocean dynamics theoretical establishment mathematical model or adopt existing mathematical model software, carry out the diffusion mobility rule research of pollutant.The field observation method can adopt the experience determining method to determine first sampled point, and the quantity of sampled point can be suitably more, to reflect the water quality condition of target immediate offshore area as far as possible all sidedly.
Data from the sample survey storehouse, immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point space system.These Database Systems have data typing, inquiry, revise, append and function such as deletion.This database will comprise following data message: the one, and sample point water quality attribute data that the immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition system (DAS) is collected and space attribute data; The 2nd, the source strength attribute data of pollution source and space attribute data; The 3rd, immediate offshore area land-based area and geographic position, marine site space attribute data; The 4th, other space and attribute database, for example wilderness area, precious fish spawning ground, habitat etc.; The 5th, the sampling analysis supplemental characteristic; The 6th, the sampling evaluation index system.The water quality information of sampled point is mainly used in cluster analysis, and the space of source strength data, geographic information data and attribute data are used for GIS graphic presentation, and the parameter of sampling analysis and achievement data are used to make up evaluation index.
Immediate offshore area water-quality interpolation analysis system.Adopt multiple space interpolation technology, the immediate offshore area water-quality data are carried out interpolation, with the water quality characteristic of comprehensive reflection immediate offshore area.The result of interpolation analysis should show in the sampling display system, intuitively understand the water quality characteristics of immediate offshore area to make things convenient for the expert.
Immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis system.It is optimized sampled point in multiple space sample technique.The present invention proposes the clustering method based on distance, and detailed process is described below.If the water concentration of sampled point i is C
i=(c
I1, c
I2..., c
In), n is the number of water-quality guideline in the formula.Distance between sampled point i, the j can be described as:
W in the formula
kWeight for water-quality guideline.Distance definition between the monoid is: to single sampled point, directly adopt the distance between the sampled point; To single parameter and poly-be the water-quality sampling point of a class, adopt this sampled point and in such minor increment of each sampled point characterize distance between them; To two sampling point set of cluster, the distance between them is optional sampled point in the sampling point set, and with optional sampled point in another sampling point set, its minimum value and value is represented.Successively nearest sampled point poly-be a class, up to all sampled points all gather be a class till.
Cluster result is analyzed, and the difference between the outstanding sampled point is to determine final sampled point.
Immediate offshore area water-quality space sampling expert man-machine interactive system.Man-machine interaction has crucial meaning in the immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis, so the quality of this system has crucial influence to analysis result.Expert's man-machine interactive system can make the expert select and be provided with parameter, space sampling analysis parameter, evaluation index parameter of water quality interplotation system etc. with comparalive ease.According to the expert assessment and evaluation system, sampling system replacement analysis result in real time, reflection expert's intention is convenient to its analysis.
Immediate offshore area water-quality space sampling evaluating system.Adopt predetermined evaluation system, the evaluation index that sampling is set, the sampling analysis result assesses to the space.Adopt expert's points-scoring system, provide multiple space sampling analysis result, every kind of result is given a mark, every kind of result's relative merits are described, to increase the multiple possibility that the expert selects, auxiliary expert makes a strategic decision.
Immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis display system.Employing is based on the spatial analysis technology of GIS, and the process and the result of water quality sampling analysis dynamically shown.Dynamic display system is based upon on the basis of data from the sample survey storehouse, immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point space system, and the main information of its demonstration should comprise spatial positional information, primary pollution source information, the responsive visual information of protecting target information, sampling analysis result in land-based area and marine site.Sampling analysis display system in space has amplification, dwindles, roams, pulls, inquires about, exports functions such as picture, printing, can support simple editting function, as duplicate, the attribute of graphic element such as dotted line size, color function is set.Immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis display system shows raw data, analytic process and analysis result in mode the most intuitively, makes things convenient for man-machine interaction, is important component part of the present invention.
Among the present invention, after the cluster that realizes sampled point, can from each class, choose of the representative of a sampled point arbitrarily as sampled point in such, just can realize purpose of the present invention after handling like this, certainly in order to make the sampled point of choosing in each class have more representativeness, can utilize the evaluation scheme that provides above to assess.
Immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method provided by the invention mainly comprises as shown in Figure 2:
Step 1 is gathered and is carried out the immediate offshore area water-quality data;
Step 2 is carried out cluster based on the clustering method of distance to the water quality data of sampled point; Cluster result is analyzed, to determine final sampled point.
Those skilled in the art can also carry out various modifications to above content under the condition that does not break away from the definite the spirit and scope of the present invention of claims.Therefore scope of the present invention is not limited in above explanation, but determine by the scope of claims.
Claims (16)
1. an immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device is characterized in that, comprising:
The immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition system (DAS) is used for gathering and carries out the immediate offshore area water-quality data;
Immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis system is used for based on the clustering method of distance the water quality data of sampled point being carried out cluster; Cluster result is analyzed, to determine final sampled point.
2. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition system adopted field measurement or numerical value emulation method carry out the immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition.
3. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises data from the sample survey storehouse, immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point space system, is used to store the required data of immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis system.
4. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise immediate offshore area water-quality interpolation analysis system, be used to adopt the space interpolation technology that the immediate offshore area water-quality data are carried out interpolation, with the water quality characteristic of comprehensive reflection immediate offshore area.
5. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the distance definition between the sampled point is:
Wherein the water concentration of sampled point i is C
i=(c
I1, c
I2..., c
In), w
kBe the weight of water-quality guideline, i, j, k are natural number;
When immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis system carries out cluster at the water quality data to sampled point:, directly adopt the distance between the sampled point to the distance between the single sampled point; To single sampled point and poly-be distance between the water-quality sampling point of a class, adopt this single sampled point and in such minor increment of each sampled point characterize distance between them; To the distance between two sampling point set of cluster, adopt minimum value and value between any two sampled points that belong to two sampling point set respectively.
6. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises immediate offshore area water-quality space sampling expert man-machine interactive system, is used for replacement analysis result in real time, reflection expert's intention.
7. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises immediate offshore area water-quality space sampling evaluating system, is used for according to the evaluation index of setting, and the sampling analysis result assesses to the space.
8. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis display system, is used for dynamically showing based on the spatial analysis technology of GIS process and the result to the water quality sampling analysis.
9. an immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 1 is gathered and is carried out the immediate offshore area water-quality data;
Step 2 is carried out cluster based on the clustering method of distance to the water quality data of sampled point; Cluster result is analyzed, to determine final sampled point.
10. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, in the step 1, adopts field measurement or numerical value emulation method to carry out the immediate offshore area water-quality data acquisition.
11. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises between step 1 and step 2: the required data of storage immediate offshore area water-quality sampling analysis system.
12. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises after the step 2: step 21, adopt the space interpolation technology that the immediate offshore area water-quality data are carried out interpolation, with the water quality characteristic of comprehensive reflection immediate offshore area.
13. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, in the step 2, the distance definition between the sampled point is:
Wherein the water concentration of sampled point i is C
i=(c
I1, c
I2..., c
In), w
K isThe weight of water-quality guideline, i, j, k are natural number;
When the water quality data to sampled point carries out cluster:, directly adopt the distance between the sampled point to the distance between the single sampled point; To single sampled point and poly-be distance between the water-quality sampling point of a class, adopt this single sampled point and in such minor increment of each sampled point characterize distance between them; To the distance between two sampling point set of cluster, adopt minimum value and value between any two sampled points that belong to two sampling point set respectively.
14. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises after the step 2: step 22, immediate offshore area water-quality space sampling expert's man-machine interactive system replacement analysis result in real time, reflection expert's intention.
15. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises after the step 2: step 23, according to the evaluation index of setting, the sampling analysis result assesses to the space.
16. immediate offshore area water-quality sampling point optimization method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises after the step 2: step 24, process and the result to the water quality sampling analysis dynamically shows based on the spatial analysis technology of GIS.
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