CN101516429A - 提供浓缩的产物气体的装置和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
将组分气体从气体混合物中分离。测量组分气体流速、或需求。基于组分气体流速改变一种或多种气体分离器操作参数。例如，可以通过测量在一定时间段内产物罐(该罐中未通过分离系统进行补充)的压力衰减速率来估计气体流速。确定流速较低时，改变分离系统的操作参数以改进对于更低需求的系统性能。例如，在需求较低时可以降低切换筛选床时的目标产物罐压力。
Description
发明背景
对于气体混合物的分离存在各种应用。例如，从大气中分离氮气可以提供高浓缩的氧气源。这些各种应用包括提供高浓度的氧气用于医疗患者和飞行人员。由此，期望提供分离气体混合物以提供浓缩的产物气体(如具有浓缩氧气的呼吸气体)的系统。
几种现有的产物气体或氧气浓缩器，例如，公开于美国专利US4,449,990、5,906,672、5,917,135、和5,988,165以及2005年10月25日提交的美国专利申请第11/258,480号，其共同指定为Elyria，Ohio的Invacare Corporation，且全部引入本文中作为参考。通常，这些浓缩器通过使加压周围空气由一对压力摆动吸附筛床中之一经过来产生浓缩氧气。该筛床含有沸石介质。沸石是粘土状物质，将其处理以在介质球粒中形成小孔。当周围空气在沸石之上通过时，氮原子被俘获在孔中，留下混合有少量空气中发现的其它气体如氩气、氖气、和氙气的氧气。典型地，通过浓缩器产生的空气的氧气含量由约95％氧气组成。当更多空气通过该筛床处理时，介质球粒中的孔变为被氮原子阻塞且最终不再有效地从空气中除去氮气。在沸石的这种耗尽之前，浓缩器切换操作到另一筛床并采用来自新活化床的浓缩气体冲掉耗尽的床。浓缩器的操作期间持续进行这种活性筛床循环。
发明概述
提供了用于提供浓缩器产物的方法和装置。一种实施方式中，将组分气体从气体混合物中分离。测量组分气体流速、或需求。基于组分气体流速改变一种或多种气体分离器操作参数。例如，可以通过测量在一定时间段内产物罐(该罐中未通过分离系统进行补充)的压力衰减速率来估计气体流速。确定流速较低时，改变分离系统的操作参数以改进对于更低需求的系统性能。例如，在需求较低时可以降低切换筛选床时的目标产物罐压力。
附图说明
图1为依据本发明实施方式构成的氧气浓缩器的示意图。
图2为显示图1中所示氧气浓缩器的阀组件的操作的定时图。
图3为略述图1氧气浓缩器的操作过程的流程图。
图4为略述依据本发明实施方式基于组分气体需求调节组分气体分离的参数的过程的流程图。
图5为基于组分气体需求调节操作参数的气体分离系统的方框图。
发明详述
讨论各种实施方式之前，适当地回顾整个公开内容中使用的一些示例性术语的定义。所有术语的单数和复数形式均落入每种含义之内：
本文中使用的“逻辑”包括但并非限定于硬件、操作系统、软件和/或每种的组合，以执行功能或操作、和/或导致另一组件中的功能或操作。例如，基于期望的应用或需求，逻辑可以包括软件控制的微处理器、离散逻辑如专用集成电路(ASIC)、或其它编程的逻辑设备。逻辑也可以完全体现为软件。
本文中使用的“软件”包括但并非限定于一种或多种计算机可读的和/或可执行的指令，其导致计算机或其它电子设备以期望的方式执行功能、操作、和/或行为。指令可以以各种形式体现如例程、算法、模块或程序，包括动态连接的程序库中的单独应用或编码。软件也可以以各种形式实现如独立程序、函数调用、伺服、Java程序、储存在存储器中的指令、操作系统的一部分或其它类型的可执行的指令。本领域普通技术人员理解，软件形式依赖于例如期望应用的需求、其运行环境、和/或设计者/程序员的期望等。
工业标准家用氧气浓缩器利用压力摆动吸附(PSA)技术将氧气与室内空气的其它组分-最主要的是氮气分离开。通过空气压缩机使室内空气泵送通过气动网络。该空气压缩机通常是AC供电的且缺乏速度控制。一些可商购获得的家用氧气浓缩器利用基于时间的控制，同时其它利用基于压力的控制。具有AC供电的压缩机的家用氧气浓缩器全部独立于氧气需求或输出来操作。对于该单元以对于在最大额定流量下最佳氧气产生来说优化的方式控制该浓缩器。对于家用氧气浓缩器来说最常见的最大额定流速为5L/min。但是，使用浓缩器的大多数患者是在3L/min或更低的处方要求下。由此，不管实际流速所有时间都操作以提供最大额定流速的浓缩器经常使压缩机和气动组件工作过度。例如，当浓缩器操作以提供5L/min时，要求压缩机将产物罐加压到一定水平(标准浓缩器中为21psi)以提供最大额定流速，即使更低的产物罐压力也足以提供患者所需的实际流速。这样反过来导致升高的能耗、发热、噪音、和组件磨损。
图1为示例性氧气浓缩器10的示意图。本文中描述的氧气浓缩器10只是氧气浓缩器的一种实例，且下述的所有组件不必存在于本发明的所有实施方式中。空气通过空气入口11进入浓缩器，且通过除去大颗粒的过滤室12和除去更小颗粒如灰尘的压缩机入口过滤器14过滤。空气压缩机20将空气压缩以使其加压。压力安全阀21置于压缩机下游以减少在浓缩器空气流动路径变为阻塞时压缩机损害的风险。热交换器23冷却由于压缩而加热的空气。
冷却的、压缩的空气通到四通阀25，其通过两个螺线管操作的导向阀(称作第一主阀26和第二主阀27)来控制。电磁阀通过控制器35驱动。该四通阀将冷却的、压缩的空气通过两个PSA筛床28、29中之一输送。浓缩气体从该床中流到两个止回阀32、33中之一和流到产物罐。止回阀防止空气从罐中流回到筛床中，且由活性床供给的浓缩气体必须达到阈值压力以通过止回阀移动到罐中。压力调节器43控制浓缩氧气通过罐时的压力。压力传感器45测量罐压力并将该信息提供给控制器35。流量计给患者提供来自浓缩器的浓缩气体的流速的可见信号。
浓缩器操作期间，控制器控制四通阀的螺线管26、27以及均压阀30(其选择性地将两个筛床28、29的出口彼此相连)的驱动。图2略述了执行的各种阀驱动的定时，以使室内空气交替地由两个筛床中之一经过和定期净化和切换到惰性床，如下更详细地描述的那样。阀的操作是基于产物罐压力。基于预期的流速(过去其是单一流速、最大额定流速)测量该产物罐压力。
除了图1还参照图2，略述了浓缩器的操作，特别是关于第一和第二主阀以及均压阀的驱动。在图2中定时图的左侧开始，出于本讨论的目的，该浓缩器开始操作，其中均压阀打开以使筛床出口彼此相连。这样容许来自活性筛床(这种情形下为第二床29)的产物气体加压惰性筛床(第一床28)。延时之后，第一主阀26(MV1)打开以使来自压缩机的加压空气连接于第一筛床28。同时，第二主阀27连接于排气消声器37并通过该消声器排放到大气中。从第二筛床流过且经由消声器流出的产物气体在第二筛床之内收集俘获的氮原子并将它们从筛床中带出。
延时之后，PE阀关闭且产物气体开始在止回阀32处积聚压力，直到其克服阀的阈值压力并进入产物罐。第一主阀保持开启直到产物罐中压力达到“切换”，例如21psi。当产物压力达到切换压力时，PE阀开启，使第一筛床的入口连接于排气消声器37且离开到环境空气。随后由于PE阀开启而在第二筛床出口处积聚的产物气体加压第一筛床。延时之后，第二主阀开启且使第二筛床的出口连接于止回阀33和产物罐40。冲刷第一筛床一段时间之后，PE阀关闭。该循环过程在浓缩器的操作期间重复。
如背景技术中已讨论的那样，这种情形下，基于最大额定流速5L/min选择切换压力。因为大部分时间，要求浓缩器仅产生约3L/min，当浓缩器经历这种更低需求时，能够降低切换压力到更低值，例如10～20psi，且优选16psi。可以将浓缩器置于“守恒模式”，其中通过更低压力16psi触发床切换循环。在更高流动操作条件下，浓缩器转换到“高性能模式”，其中并不改变图2中所示的浓缩器操作顺序，但是将切换压力设定为更高压力如20～25psi，但优选21psi。
可以以多种方式测量由患者消耗的气体的流速。例如，能够将信号送到控制器的流量计可以监控离开罐的气体。超声氧气传感器可以用于检测流速。所述浓缩器中采用的方法测量在患者消耗气体且止回阀仍未使气体从活性筛床进入罐内的时间期间罐中压力衰退(采用图1中的压力传感器45)。例如，可以在图2中“A”和“B”点处获得压力读数。第一压力读书A正好是在PE阀开启之后，此时气体停止流入产物罐。在PE阀关闭但是来自新活化筛床的产物气的压力克服止回阀阈值之前获得第二读数B。这段时间期间的压力衰退是由于患者需要且由此很好地显示了当前需求。这种检测流速的方法还描述于背景技术部分中标示的美国专利申请第11/258,480号。
现在参照图3，将参照其中阐述的流程图来描述浓缩器的操作。该流程图中，矩形单元表示程序方块图且代表软件指令或指令组。四边形单元表示数据输入/输出程序方块图且代表软件指令或指令组，指向数据的输入或读取或者数据的输出或传送。本文中显示且描述的流程图并非描述任意特定编程语言的语法。相反地，该流程图阐述了本领域普通技术人员可以用于制作电路或者生成软件以执行该系统的处理的功能信息。应当指出的是，并未显示许多例行程序单元，如线圈和变量的初始化以及临时变量的使用。
图3略述了用于操作浓缩器的过程300，以在需求较低(如低于2.0-3.0L/min、且优选低于2.5L/min)时将浓缩器自动置于守恒模式。当需求价高(如高于3.5-4.5L/min、且优选高于3.5L/min)时将浓缩器自动高性能模式。在310，将产物罐压力与切换压力(设定为21或是16psi)进行对比。一旦产物压力达到切换压力，在320通过开启PE阀初始化床切换。在开启止回阀之前的时间期间在340和在350测量产物压力衰退，将压力衰退与流速相互关联，例如使用储存在控制器中的查阅表。在360，将流速与3.5L/min进行对比，且如果流速高于3.5L/min时，将切换压力设定为21psi。在370将流速与2.5L/min进行对比，且如果流速低于2.5L/min时，将切换压力设定为16psi。如果流速落入2.5到3.5L/min之间，切换压力保持在其当前数值下。这种情形提供了滞后效应以防止切换压力的过度变化。
图4和图5略述了基于患者需求调节其分离过程的浓缩器的功能和组件。图4阐述了过程400，其中在410依据分离工艺参数例如床切换压力将组分气体从进入的空气混合物中分离。组分气体可以包括较大量的期望的产物气体如氧气和较小残余量的其它气体如氩气、氖气、和氙气。在420和在430测量组分气体需求，基于该需求调节一种或多种分离工艺参数。图5中所示的浓缩器500包括由分离控制器510控制的气体分离模块520。组分气体经由出口530流过。通过需求监控器540监控对于组分气体的需求且将该需求送回到控制器510用于控制分离。
虽然提供浓缩的产物气体的装置和方法已通过其实施方式的描述进行了阐述，且虽然相当详细地描述了实施方式，但是该说明书的目的并非在于限制或者以任意方式限定所附权利要求的范围到如此详细内容。由此，提供浓缩的产物气体的装置和方法，在其更宽的方面，并非限定于显示和描述的具体详细内容、示意性装置、和示意性实施例。由此，可以偏离该详细内容，而不背离申请人对于提供浓缩产物气体的装置和方法的一般规则的精神或范围。
Claims (14)
1、一种提供呼吸气体的方法，包括：
将组分气体从气体混合物中分离；
测量组分气体的流速；和
基于组分气体的流速调节组分气体从气体混合物中的分离。
2、权利要求1的方法，包括监控组分气体压力，且其中通过观察预定的持续时间内组分气体压力的衰退来测量组分气体的流速。
3、权利要求1的方法，其中将组分气体从气体混合物中分离的步骤通过使气体混合物交替地由多个压力摆动吸附筛中之一经过来进行，且其中调节组分气体从气体混合物中的分离的步骤通过调节使气体混合物由活性筛经过的持续时间来进行。
4、权利要求1的方法，包括监控组分气体压力的步骤，且将组分气体从气体混合物中分离的步骤采用气体分离系统来进行，该气体分离系统包括一对交替地将组分气体从气体混合物中分离的压力摆动吸附筛床，其中借助于交换阀使每个筛床的入口选择性地连接于排气口和加压气体源，且其中使每个筛床的出口选择性地连接于组分气体出口，且进一步其中通过均压阀使每个筛床的出口选择性地连接于另一筛床的出口，且其中该气体分离系统定期进行筛床切换循环，该切换循环包括驱动均压阀一段均压驱动时间使得来自活性筛床的输出组分气体用于冲掉来自惰性筛床的副产物以及驱动交换阀以使惰性床连接于加压气体源和使活性床连接于排气口；
和其中调节组分气体的分离的步骤通过在当前压力达到目标组分气体压力时开始切换循环来进行。
5、权利要求4的方法，其中测量流速的步骤通过测量至少一部分均压阀驱动时间段期间组分气体压力的衰退速率来进行。
6、权利要求5的方法，其中通过将正好在均压阀驱动之前的第一组分气体压力与均压阀驱动之后预定的间隔时的第二组分气体压力进行对比来测量组分气体的衰退速率。
7、权利要求4的方法，其中选择目标组分气体压力的步骤通过选择在当前组分气体压力超过第一阈值组分气体压力时的第一目标组分气体压力和选择在当前组分气体压力低于第二阈值组分气体压力时的第二目标组分气体压力来进行。
8、权利要求7的方法，其中该第一目标组分气体压力超过第二目标组分气体压力。
9、一种用于将组分气体从气体混合物中分离的系统，包括：
气体混合物压缩机；
组分气体分离器，其将组分气体从气体混合物中分离；
组分气体流速检测器；
其中该组分气体分离器基于由组分气体流速检测器检测的组分气体流速调节至少一种操作参数。
10、权利要求9的系统，其中该组分气体分离器包括至少两个依据过筛定时计划交替地分离气体混合物的压力摆动吸附筛，且其中该气体分离器基于组分气体流速调节定时计划。
11、权利要求9的系统，包括组分气体压力传感器，且其中该组分气体流速检测器基于组分气体压力测量流速。
12、权利要求9的系统，包括：
组分气体出口，其将组分气体供给使用者；
其中该组分气体流速检测器包括监控组分气体出口处组分气体压力的组分气体压力监控器；
其中该组分气体分离器包括：
一对压力摆动吸附筛床，各自具有筛入口，其选择性地连接于加压大气气体源，和排气口，以及选择性地连接于组分气体出口的筛出口；
均压阀，其置于筛出口之间，其在均压阀驱动时间段期间使筛床出口选择性地彼此相连；
交换阀，其置于筛入口之间，其使一个筛床选择性地连接于排气口和使另一个筛床连接于加压大气气体源；
筛床切换循环控制器，适于在当前组分气体压力达到目标组分气体压力时驱动均压阀以使筛出口置于彼此连通，和驱动交换阀以使活性筛床置于与排气口连通且使惰性筛床置于与加压大气气体源连通；和
目标组分气体压力选择器，其确定来自组分气体出口的组分气体的流速并基于该流速选择目标组分气体压力。
13、权利要求12的系统，其中该筛床切换循环控制器包括具有储存在其上的微处理器-可执行的、用于在达到目标组分压力时驱动均压阀的指令的微处理器。
14、权利要求12的系统，其中该目标组分气体压力选择器包括具有储存在其上的微处理器-可执行的、用于如下目的的指令的微处理器：
至少在一部分均压阀驱动时间段期间测量组分气体出口压力的衰退速率；
使该衰退速率与来自组分气体出口的组分气体的流速相互关联；
基于组分气体的流速选择目标组分气体压力。
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| US20230017775A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2023-01-19 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for medical device communication |
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- 2007-08-21 EP EP12184137.3A patent/EP2561897B1/en active Active
- 2007-08-21 CA CA2663902A patent/CA2663902C/en active Active
- 2007-08-21 CN CN200780034658.2A patent/CN101516429B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN110694428A (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-17 | 湖南省计量检测研究院 | 一种氢分离设备的工作方法 |
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| EP2063946A1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
| CA2663902A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| EP2561897B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
| AU2007297814A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| EP2063946B9 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
| CN101516429B (zh) | 2014-04-02 |
| AU2007297814B2 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| EP2561897A1 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
| CO6150198A2 (es) | 2010-04-20 |
| CA2663902C (en) | 2012-04-24 |
| US7722700B2 (en) | 2010-05-25 |
| US20080066616A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
| WO2008036159A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| NZ575059A (en) | 2012-07-27 |
| EP2063946B1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
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