CN101508297A - 保护动力系用分布控制模块系统中输出扭矩的方法和装置 - Google Patents

保护动力系用分布控制模块系统中输出扭矩的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101508297A
CN101508297A CNA2008101910831A CN200810191083A CN101508297A CN 101508297 A CN101508297 A CN 101508297A CN A2008101910831 A CNA2008101910831 A CN A2008101910831A CN 200810191083 A CN200810191083 A CN 200810191083A CN 101508297 A CN101508297 A CN 101508297A
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torque
instruction
motor torque
motor
moment
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CN101508297B (zh
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W·R·考索恩
H·布尔
P·A·斯塔诺夫斯基
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/102Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts the input or output shaft of the transmission is connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Abstract

本发明涉及保护动力系用分布控制模块系统中输出扭矩的方法和装置。一种用于监测混合动力系统中变速器的电动机扭矩指令完整性的方法,其包括计算用于扭矩产生机器的电动机扭矩指令。确定用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正。基于扭矩修正调整电动机扭矩指令。基于估算的输出扭矩校验调整后的电动机扭矩指令。

Description

保护动力系用分布控制模块系统中输出扭矩的方法和装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年5月11日提交的美国临时申请NO.60/985,641的权益,整篇文献通过引用结合在这里。
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力系统的控制系统。
背景技术
本部分内容仅仅提供了涉及本发明的背景信息,而可能不构成现有技术。
公知的混合动力系统结构可包括多个扭矩产生装置,该扭矩产生装置包括内燃机和例如为电机的非燃机,其通过变速器装置将扭矩传递至输出元件。一种典型的混合动力系统包括双模式、复合—分离(compound-split)、机电式变速器和输出部件,所述变速器利用输入元件从优选为内燃机的原动机动力源接收牵引扭矩。输出元件可操作地连接到用于机动车的传动系统以向其传递牵引扭矩。作为电动机或发电机运转的机器能独立于来自内燃机的输入扭矩产生至变速器的扭矩输入。该机器能将通过车辆传动系统传递的车辆动能转换为可存储在能量储存装置中的能量。控制系统可用来监测来自操作员和车辆的各种输入,并提供混合动力系统的操作控制,这包括:控制变速器操作状态和换挡,控制扭矩产生装置,和调节能量储存装置与所述机器之间的功率交换以控制变速器的输出,该输出包括扭矩和转速。控制系统能监测输入和控制信号,并执行算法来校验和保护动力系统的操作。
发明内容
一种混合动力系统,其包括控制模块,变速器,以及多个连接于能量储存装置的扭矩产生机器。所述变速器可用于在输入元件、扭矩产生装置和输出元件之间传递动力。一种用于监测控制模块中信号完整性的方法,其包括确定输出扭矩指令,基于该输出扭矩指令计算用于扭矩产生机器的电动机扭矩指令,确定用于所述电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正,基于所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正调整电动机扭矩指令,基于所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正确定输入扭矩修正,确定所述输入元件的实际输入扭矩,基于所述实际输入扭矩、输入扭矩修正和调整后的电动机扭矩指令估算输出扭矩,以及比较估算的输出扭矩和所述输出扭矩指令。
附图说明
下面将结合附图通过举例的方式对一个或多个实施例进行描述,其中:
图1是根据本发明的示例性混合动力系统的示意图;
图2和图3是根据本发明的用于控制系统和混合动力系统的示例性结构的示意图;和
图4和图5是根据本发明的控制方案的示意流程框图。
具体实施方式
现参照附图,其中所示内容仅是为了解释说明特定的示例性实施例,并不用于限制本发明。图1,图2和图3描述了机电式混合动力系统和相关控制系统的实施方式。根据本发明的示例性机电式混合动力系统如图1所示,包括双模式、复合—分离,可操作地连接于扭矩产生装置的机电式混合变速器10,所述扭矩产生装置包括发动机14和第一、第二电机(‘MG-A’)56和(‘MG-B’)72。发动机14和第一、第二电机56和72都能产生传递至变速器10的机械动力。发动机14和第一、第二电机56和72产生的并被传递至变速器10的动力被描述为输入扭矩和电动机扭矩(这里分别用TI,TA和TB表示)以及速度(在这里分别用NI,NA和NB来表示)。
示例性发动机14包括多缸的内燃机,其可选择地运行在多个状态中以通过输入元件12将扭矩传递给变速器10,且该发动机既可以是点燃式发动机也可以是压燃式发动机。发动机14包括可操作地连接于变速器10的输入元件12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监测输入元件12的转速。来自发动机14的动力输出包括转速和发动机扭矩,该动力输出可不同于至变速器10的输入速度NI和输入扭矩TI,这是因为在发动机14和变速器10之间的输入元件12上设置有扭矩消耗元件,例如液压泵(未示出)和/或扭矩管理装置(未示出)。
示例性的变速器10包括三个行星齿轮装置24,26和28和四个可选择接合的扭矩传递装置,例如离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75。如这里所使用的,离合器指的是任何类型的摩擦扭矩传递装置,包括例如单盘或复合盘离合器或组,带式离合器和制动器。液压控制回路(‘HYD’)42优选地由变速器控制模块(下文称为‘TCM’)17控制,该液压控制回路用于控制离合器的状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选地包括液压作用的转动摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选地包括液压控制的固定装置,该固定装置可选择地接地至变速箱68。离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75中的每一个均优选为液压作用的,通过液压控制回路42选择地接收加压的液压流体。
第一、第二电机56和72优选地包括三相交流电机和相应的解析器(resolver)80和82,每个交流电机都包括定子(未示出)和转子(未示出)。用于每个电机的电动机定子接地至变速箱68的外部,并包括具有从其处延伸的螺旋电绕组的定子铁芯。用于第一电机56的转子支撑于毂衬齿轮(hub plate gear)上,所述毂衬齿轮通过第二行星齿轮装置26可操作地附接于轴60。用于第二电机72的转子固定地附接于套轴毂(sleeve shaft hub)66。
每个解析器80和82优选包括可变磁阻装置,所述可变磁阻装置包括解析器定子(未示出)和解析器转子(未示出)。解析器80和82适当地设置和装配于第一电机56和第二电机72中相应的一个上。解析器80和82各自的定子可操作地连接到用于第一、第二电机56和72的定子中的相应一个上。解析器转子可操作地连接至用于对应的第一、第二电机56和72的转子。解析器80和82中的每一个均通过信号且操作地连接于变速器功率逆变器控制模块(下文称为‘TPIM’)19,并且每一个均感测和监测解析器转子相对于解析器定子的转动位置,从而监测第一、第二电机56和72的各自转动位置。另外,对从解析器80和82输出的信号进行解释,以分别提供第一和第二电机56和72的转速,即NA和NB
变速器10包括例如轴的输出元件64,其可操作地连接于车辆(未示出)的传动系统90,以向传动系统90提供输出动力,该输出动力被传递至车轮93,图1示出了其中一个车轮。输出元件64处的输出动力的特征在于输出转速NO和输出扭矩TO。变速器输出速度传感器84监测输出元件64的转速和转向。每个车轮93优选地装配有用来监测车轮速度的传感器94,传感器94的输出通过参照图2描述的分布式控制模块系统的控制模块来监测,以确定用于制动控制、牵引控制和车辆加速管理的车速,绝对及相对的车轮速度。
作为源自燃料或储存于电能储存装置(下文称为’ESD’)74中的电势的能量转化结果,产生来自发动机14的输入扭矩与来自第一、第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩(分别以TI,TA和TB表示)。ESD74通过DC传输导体27与TPIM 19高压DC耦合。传输导体27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常操作下,电流能在ESD74和TPIM19之间流动。当接触器开关38打开时,在ESD74和TPIM19之间的电流流动中断。TPIM19通过第一电动机控制模块(‘MCP—A’)33使用传输导体29往返于第一电机56传递电功率,同样地,TPIM19通过第二电动机控制模块(‘MCP—B’)34使用传输导体31往返于第二电机72传递电功率,以满足响应于电动机扭矩TA和TB的第一、第二电机56和72的扭矩指令。根据ESD74是处于充电或放电状态,往返于ESD74传输电流。
TPIM19优选地包括混合控制模块(下文称为‘HCP’)5,一对功率逆变器和相应的电动机控制模块33和34,所述电动机控制模块设置成用来接收扭矩指令并由此控制逆变器的状态,从而提供电动机驱动或再生功能来满足指令的电动机扭矩TA和TB。功率逆变器包括公知的互补型三相电力电子器件,每个都包含多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出),用于通过高频切换,将来自ESD74的直流功率转换成交流功率,从而为第一、第二电机56和72中的相应一个供能。绝缘栅双极晶体管形成用于接收控制指令的开关电源。通常,对于每个三相电机的每一相都设有一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。对绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态进行控制,以实现电动机驱动的机械动力产生或电功率再生功能。三相逆变器通过直流传输导体27接收或提供直流电功率,并将该直流电功率转换为三相交流功率,或从三相交流功率转换为直流电功率,该三相交流功率分别通过传输导体29和31往返于第一、第二电机56和72被传导,以使第一、第二电机56和72操作为电动机和发电机。
图2和图3是控制系统的分布式控制模块系统的实施例的示意图。如这里所使用的,术语“控制系统”被定义成控制模块、线束(未示出)、通信链路、传感器和致动器,监测并控制动力系统的操作。该控制系统监测传感器的输入并指令输出以控制致动器。分布式控制模块系统包括整个车辆控制结构的子集,并提供图1所示的示例性混合动力系统的协调系统控制。控制系统包括分布式控制模块,该分布式控制模块用于综合信息和输入,以及执行算法来控制致动器实现控制目标,所述目标包括涉及燃料经济性、排放、性能、驾驶性能以及硬件保护等的目标,所述硬件包括ESD74以及第一、第二电机56和72的电池。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(下文称为‘ECM’)23,TCM17,电池组控制模块(下文称为‘BPCM’)21,以及TPIM19。HCP5提供ECM23,TCM17,BPCM21,和TPIM19的监督控制和协调。用户接口(‘UI’)13优选地通过信号连接于多个装置,车辆操作者由此控制、引导并指令机电式混合动力系统的操作。这些装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’),操作者制动踏板112(‘BP’),变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’),以及车速巡航控制(未示出)。变速器档位选择器114可具有多个离散的操作者可选择位置,包括输出元件64的转向,以实现向前和相反方向的其中之一。用户接口13包括所示的单独装置,或可选择地包括多个直接连接于各控制模块(未示出)的用户接口装置。
在本实施例中,前述的控制模块通过通信链路与其他的控制模块、传感器和致动器进行通信,所述通信链路包括局域网(下文称为‘LAN’)总线6。LAN总线6允许在各个控制模块之间进行结构化通信。所使用的特定通信协议是专用的。LAN总线6和适当的协议用于加强前述控制模块和其它控制模块之间的信息传递和多控制模块接口,所述其它控制模块提供包括例如防抱死制动,牵引控制以及车辆稳定性的功能。可采用多条通信总线来改善通信速度并提供一定程度的信号冗余度和信号完整性。MCP—A33和HCP5之间以及MCP—B34和HCP5之间的通信优选地利用直接链路来实现,该直接链路优选包括串行外围接口(下文称为‘SPI’)总线37。各个控制模块之间的通信也可以通过使用无线链路来实现,例如,近程无线电通信总线(未示出)。
HCP5提供混合动力系统的监督控制,用于协调ECM23,TCM17,MCP—A33,MCP—B34和BPCM21的操作。基于来自用户接口13和包括ESD74在内的混合动力系统的各种指令信号,HCP5确定操作者扭矩请求、输出扭矩指令、发动机输入扭矩指令、变速器10的所应用的扭矩传输离合器C1 70,C2 62,C373,C4 75的离合器扭矩,以及用于第一、第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩TA和TB。HCP5向特定的控制模块发送指令以实现对发动机14,变速器10和第一、第二电机56和72的控制。
ECM23可操作地连接于发动机14,并用于从传感器获取数据和通过多条离散的线路来控制发动机14的致动器,为了简化起见,将所述多条离散的线路表示为集合的双向接口线缆35。ECM23接收来自HCP5的发动机输入扭矩指令。ECM23基于所监测到的发动机速度和负载,确定此时提供给变速器10的实际发动机输入扭矩TI,该实际发动机输入扭矩被传送至HCP5。ECM23监测来自转速传感器11的输入以确定至输入元件12的发动机输入速度,该发动机输入速度被转换成变速器输入速度NI。ECM23监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入以确定其他发动机操作参数的状态,包括例如歧管压力,发动机冷却剂温度,环境空气温度,以及环境压力。发动机的负载可以例如根据歧管压力,或者可选择地通过监测操作者对加速踏板113的输入来确定。ECM23产生并传送控制信号以控制发动机致动器,包括例如燃料喷射器,点火模块,以及节气门控制模块,这些装置都没有示出。
TCM17可操作地连接于变速器10并监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入以确定变速器操作参数的状态。TCM17产生并传送致动器控制信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压回路42。从TCM17到HCP5的输入包括:用于每个离合器(也就是,C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75)的估算离合器扭矩,以及输出元件64的输出转速NO。为了实现控制目的,可利用其他致动器和传感器来提供从TCM17到HCP5的附加信息。TCM17监测来自压力开关(未示出)的输入,并选择地致动液压回路42的压力控制电磁线圈(未示出)和换挡电磁线圈(未示出),以选择地致动不同的离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75,从而实现不同的变速器操作范围状态,如下文所述。
BPCM21通过信号连接于传感器(未示出)来监测ESD74,包括电流和电压参数的状态,以将表示ESD74的电池参数状态的信息提供给HCP5。电池的参数状态优选地包括电池荷电状态、电池电压、电池温度、以及被称为范围PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX的可用电池功率。
制动器控制模块(下文称为‘BrCM’)22操作地连接于每个车轮93上的摩擦制动器(未示出)。BrCM22监测制动踏板112的操作者输入,产生控制信号以控制摩擦制动器,以及向HCP5发送控制信号以基于此来操作第一、第二电机56和72。
每个控制模块ECM23,TCM17,HCP-5,MCP-A33,MCP-B34,BPCM21和BrCM22优选的是通用数字计算机,其包括微处理器或中央处理单元,包括只读存储器(‘ROM’)、随机存取存储器(‘RAM’)、电可编程只读存储器(‘EPROM’)的存储介质,高速时钟,模数转换(‘A/D’)和数模转换(‘D/A’)电路,输入/输出电路和装置(‘I/O’)及合适的信号调节和缓冲电路。每个控制模块均具有一组控制算法,包括储存在其中一个所述储存介质中并被执行以实现每个计算机的相应功能的常驻程序指令和标定值。控制模块之间传递的信息优选地使用LAN总线6和SPI总线37来实现。在预定的循环周期期间执行控制算法,以使每个算法在每个循环周期期间至少被执行一次。储存在非易失存储器中的算法由其中一个中央处理单元执行,以监测来自传感器的输入并利用预设的标定值执行控制和诊断程序,从而控制致动器的操作。循环周期在正在进行的混合动力系统的操作期间以规定的时间间隔执行,例如每3.125毫秒,6.25毫秒,12.5毫秒,25毫秒,和100毫秒。可选择的是,可响应于事件的发生而执行算法。
示例性的混合动力系统可选择地在若干状态中的一个中操作,所述状态可描述为包括发动机运行状态(‘ON’)和发动机关闭状态(‘OFF’)中的一个的发动机状态以及变速器操作范围状态,该变速器操作范围状态包括多个固定档位和无级变速操作模式,下面参照表1进行描述。
表1
Figure A200810191083D00111
每个变速器操作范围状态在表中进行了描述并显示出相对于每个操作范围状态应用了离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75中的具体哪一个。通过仅应用离合器C1 70来选择第一无级变速模式,也就是EVT模式1或者M1,以使第三行星齿轮装置28的外部齿轮元件“接地”。发动机状态可以是ON(‘M1_Eng_On’)或OFF(‘M1_Eng_Off’)的其中一个。通过仅应用离合器C262来选择第二无级变速模式,也就是EVT模式2或者M2,以将轴60连接于第三行星齿轮装置28的行星架。发动机状态可以是ON(‘M2_Eng_On’)或OFF(‘M2_Eng_Off’)的其中一个。为了对此进行描述,当发动机的状态是OFF时,发动机输入速度等于每分钟零转速(‘RPM’),也就是发动机曲轴不转动。固定档位操作提供变速器10的输入—输出速度,即NI/NO为固定比值的操作。第一固定档位操作(‘G1’)通过应用离合器C170和C475来选择。第二固定档位操作(‘G2’)通过应用离合器C170和C262来选择。第三固定档位操作(‘G3’)通过应用离合器C262和C475来选择。第四固定档位操作(‘G4’)通过应用离合器C262和C3 73来选择。输入—输出速度为固定比值的操作随着由于行星齿轮装置24、26和28中传动比的减少而导致的固定档位操作的增大而增大。第一、第二电机56和72的转速,分别用NA和NB表示,其取决于通过离合作用所限定的机构的内部转动并与在输入元件12处测量的输入速度成比例。
响应于通过用户接口13所捕获的、通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入,HCP5和其他控制模块中的一个或多个确定扭矩指令,以控制扭矩致动器来满足输出元件64上的用于传递到传动系统90的操作者扭矩请求。扭矩致动器优选地包括多个扭矩产生装置,例如发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72、以及扭矩传递装置,在本实施例中扭矩传递装置包括变速器10。基于来自用户接口13的操作者指令,HCP5确定操作者扭矩请求、从变速器10至传动系统90的输出扭矩指令以及致动器控制,所述致动器控制包括来自发动机14的输入扭矩、用于离合器10的扭矩传递离合器C170,C262,C373,C475的离合器扭矩以及用于第一、第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩。
图4示出了在包含扭矩致动器的动力系统中用于控制和管理信号流的结构的实施例,所述扭矩致动器包括多个扭矩产生装置和扭矩传递装置,用来控制和管理扭矩传送和动力流。参照图1、图2和图3的示例性动力系统对所述结构进行描述,但该结构不限于该示例性动力系统。通过控制模块的信号流控制扭矩产生装置和扭矩传递装置。在操作中,监测操作者给予加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入,以确定包括操作者扭矩请求(‘To_req’)的操作者指令。监测发动机14和变速器10的操作来确定输入速度(‘Ni’)和输出速度(‘NO’)。基于输出速度和操作者扭矩请求,战略优化控制方案(‘Strategic Control’)310确定优选的输入速度(‘Ni_Des’),优选的发动机状态和变速器操作范围状态(‘Hybrid Range StateDes’),并基于混合动力系统的其他操作参数进行优化,所述其他操作参数包括电池功率极限,以及发动机14、变速器10以及第一和第二电机56和72的响应极限。在每100ms循环周期和每25ms循环周期期间优选地通过HCP5执行战略优化控制方案310。
在换挡执行和发动机启动/停止控制方案(‘Shift Execution and EngineStart/Stop’)320中使用战略优化控制方案310的输出,来改变变速器操作(‘Transmission Command’),包括改变操作范围状态。这包括如果优选的操作范围状态不同于当前的操作范围状态,通过指令一个或多个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C373,C4 75的应用情况发生改变和其他变速器指令,来指令执行操作范围状态的改变。当前的操作范围状态(‘HybridRange State Actual’)和输入速度廓线(‘Ni_Prof’)可以被确定。输入速度廓线是对即将到来的输入速度的估算且优选地包括标量参数值,所述标量参数值是即将到来的循环周期的目标输入速度。在变速器的操作范围状态的转换期间,发动机操作指令基于输入速度廓线和操作者扭矩请求。
战术控制方案(tactical control scheme)(‘Tactical Control and Operation’)330在其中一个控制循环周期期间被反复执行,以确定用于操作发动机的发动机指令(‘Engine Command’),包括基于传感器输入的从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入扭矩,所述传感器输入包括输出速度、输入速度、操作者扭矩请求和当前的变速器操作范围状态。每个离合器的离合器扭矩(‘Tc1’)在TCM17中被估算,包括当前应用的离合器和未应用的离合器,与输入元件12作用的当前发动机输入扭矩(‘Ti’)在ECM23中被确定。执行电动机扭矩控制方案(‘Output and MotorTorque Determination’)340来确定来自动力系统的优选输出扭矩(‘To_cmd’),在本实施例中,该优选输出扭矩包括用于控制第一、第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩指令(‘TA’‘TB’)。优选的输出扭矩基于用于每个离合器的估算离合器扭矩、发动机14的当前输入扭矩、当前操作范围状态、输入速度、操作者扭矩请求以及输入速度廓线。第一、第二电机56和72通过MCP-A33和MCP-B34被控制,以满足基于优选输出扭矩的优选电动机扭矩指令。
图5示出了信号流的具体细节,该信号流用于确定、监测以及确保用于控制本实施例中的第一、第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩指令(‘TA’‘TB’)的信号完整性,以获得输出扭矩指令(‘To_cmd’)。使输出扭矩指令经受以低通滤波信号形式的整形约束510和其他信号整形技术,来提高输出扭矩指令的稳定性。输出扭矩指令是输入到第一电动机扭矩确定算法(‘HTDR’)512的若干信号之一,用于计算第一、第二电机56和72的开环电动机扭矩(‘TA_OL’,‘TB_OL’)。其他信号输入包括当前获得的的输入扭矩(‘Ti_Act’)、输入元件12的加速率(‘Nidot’)以及输出元件64的加速率(‘Nodot’),其中所述当前获得的输入扭矩可以被估算。第一电动机扭矩确定算法512优选地利用Eq.1作为控制方程,计算第一、第二电机56和72的开环电动机扭矩(‘TA_OL’,‘TB_OL’):
T A T B = [ A ] Nidot Nodot Ti _ Act To _ cmd - - - [ 1 ]
其中[A]是对应于本文所描述的动力系统实施例的2×4的标量数值矩阵,以及第一、第二电机56和72的开环电动机扭矩(‘TA_OL’,‘TB_OL’)用作TA和TB值。
每个电动机扭矩指令的修正因素可被确定。修正因素包括基于动力系统的自动操作对电动机扭矩指令进行的调整,以实现输出扭矩指令,该动力系统的自动操作即为与响应于操作者扭矩请求的动力系统即时操作分离的在功能上独立的操作。修正因素优选地包括可基于输入速度(‘Ni’)和输入速度廓线(‘Ni_Prof’)确定的闭环修正因素(‘TA_CL’,‘TB_CL’)。修正因素优选地包括衰减修正因素(‘TA_AD’,‘TB_AD’),用于基于传动系统90部件的间隙状态(lash state),在电动机扭矩被传送通过输出元件64时对其进行调节。对电动机扭矩进行调整,以减少低速时传动系统的猛动,减轻过度的操作者扭矩请求动作,并调节引起传动系统齿轮间隙的指令输出速度方向上的变化。修正因素包括脉冲消除修正因素(TA_PC’,‘TB_PC’),该脉冲消除修正因素基于输入扭矩中的周期性脉动调节电动机扭矩,所述周期性脉动是由在发动机操作期间引入到输入元件12的缸内压力脉冲引起的。用算术方法将修正因素组合在一起来确定第一、第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩修正(‘TA_corr’,‘TB_corr’)502,503。对电动机扭矩修正(‘TA_corr’,‘TB_corr’)进行校验、保护以及合理化,然后将其与开环电动机扭矩(‘TA_OL’,‘TB_OL’)组合以确定用于控制第一、第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩指令(‘TA_cmd’,‘TB_cmd’)。
通过执行双储存函数(dual store function)来对电动机扭矩修正(‘TA_corr’,‘TB_corr’)进行保护504,506。双储存函数包括产生冗余数据,该冗余数据包括主要电动机扭矩修正信号(‘Ve TA_corr’,‘Ve TB_corr’)和次要电动机扭矩修正信号(‘WeTA_corr’,‘We TB_corr’)。优选地,在将主要信号和次要信号储存在第一和第二存储器位置之前执行双储存检查。双储存检查包括监测和比较第一和第二存储器位置中的当前内容以校验储存位置的完整性。如果在储存器位置的当前内容之间有所不同,记录错误,表示存储位置破坏,并采取与具体信号一致的补救措施。当双储存检查显示第一和第二存储器位置中的当前内容是相同的时,对电动机扭矩修正信号进行双储存,也就是说,在其中一个存储器装置中,电动机扭矩修正(‘TA_corr’,‘TB_corr’)在第一储存位置被储存为主要电动机扭矩修正信号(‘VeTA_corr’,‘Ve TB_corr’)并且在第二储存位置被储存为次要电动机扭矩修正信号(‘WeTA_corr’,‘We TB_corr’)。储存在第一储存位置的主要信号优选地随后被传送至控制通路,而储存在第二储存位置的冗余信号优选地随后被传送至保护通路。当双储存检查显示在第一和第二储存位置的当前内容之一中有错误,控制系统确定该错误是否已经成熟(‘Mature Fault’),并执行补救措施来减少由于错误存在所带来的危险。
第一电机56的主要电动机扭矩修正信号(‘Ve TA_corr’)与第二电机72的主要电动机扭矩修正信号(‘Ve TB_corr’)相耦合来计算第一输入扭矩修正(‘HTDRTi_corr’),其优选地如本文所述通过上面的Eq.1来确定。优选地通过上面的Eq.1来计算第一输入扭矩修正508,且第一电机56的主要电动机扭矩修正信号与第二电机72的次要电动机扭矩修正信号用作方程中的TA和TB值。优选地通过上面的Eq.1来计算第二输入扭矩修正(‘STMRTi_corr’)509,且第二控制通路中,第一电机56的次要电动机扭矩修正信号(‘WeTA_corr’)与第二电机72的次要电动机扭矩修正信号(‘We TB_corr’)用作方程中的TA和TB值。
利用合理化检查511将第一输入扭矩修正(‘HTDR Ti_corr’)与第二输入扭矩修正(‘STMR Ti_corr’)相比较。当合理化检查显示第一、第二储存位置的当前内容是相同的,或是在预定的阈值内时,将第二输入扭矩修正输入到第二算法中,该第二算法包括用于估算输出扭矩算法518的输出扭矩确定算法。
主要电动机扭矩修正信号(‘Ve TA_corr’,‘Ve TB_corr’)分别与第一、第二电机56和72的开环电动机扭矩(‘TA_OL’,‘TB_OL’)相加514,516,以确定用于控制第一、第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩指令(‘TA_cmd’,‘TB_cmd’)。
将电动机扭矩指令信号(‘TA_cmd’,‘TB_cmd’)输入至第二电动机扭矩确定算法518。输出扭矩确定算法监测输入并执行第二方程Eq.2
To _ est = [ B ] Nodot T A T B Ti - - - [ 2 ]
其中Eq.2中的输入TA和TB表示用于控制第一、第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩指令(‘TA_cmd’,‘TB_cmd’),且Nodot包括输入元件64的加速率。Eq.2中的Ti项包括当前获得的输入扭矩(‘Ti_Act’)和第二输入扭矩修正(‘STMR Ti_corr’)的总和。[B]项包括1×4的标量值矩阵,对应于这里描述的动力系统实施例。在前述输入的基础上,输出扭矩确定算法执行Eq.2来估算输出扭矩(‘To_est’)。
通过比较指令的输出扭矩和估算的输出扭矩来确定它们在允许的阈值范围内是否相等,可校验电动机扭矩指令。在一个实施例中,来自动力系统的优选或指令的输出扭矩(‘To_cmd’)通过第二输入扭矩修正(‘STMR Ti_corr’)被调整,并与估算的输出扭矩(‘TD_est’)相比较。具体而言,在一个实施例中Eq.3控制这样的关系:
To_est=To_cmd+To_corr+A*STMRTi_corr                    [3]
其中TO_corr可通过电动机扭矩指令(‘TA_cmd’,‘TB_cmd’)来确定,A是对应于选择的操作范围状态的标量值。当参照Eq.3所描述的关系是有效的时,电动机扭矩指令被校验,且因此电动机扭矩指令被认为是有效的且因此是可使用的。可以利用次要或冗余信号通路来校验使用第一电动机扭矩确定算法512确定电动机扭矩指令(‘TA_cmd’,‘TB_cmd’)的主要信号通路,所述次要或冗余信号通路包括用于估算输出扭矩算法518的输出扭矩确定算法,所述输出扭矩算法包括基于动力系统的自动操作对电动机扭矩指令的调整。该行为增加了系统操作的鲁棒性并减少了不正确识别系统错误的可能性。但是,当电动机扭矩指令没有被校验时,也就是,估算的输出扭矩不相等或者不在来自动力系统的指令输出扭矩的组合的允许误差内,控制系统能识别错误并减少这种行为的发生。
混合动力系统的扭矩安全可通过执行控制系统的完整性测试来实现,该测试包括监测控制系统的硬件完整性,所述硬件包括线束(未示出),通信链路,监测和控制动力系统操作的传感器和致动器。扭矩安全可以通过下述方式来实现:监测算法和存储器装置的完整性,保护和监测在控制模块内的通信期间以及在控制模块之间的通信期间的信号完整性,监测各个控制模块和处理器的完整性,以及执行补救行为。在存在有观察到的错误的情况下,扭矩安全包括限制致动器指令信号。这可包括对致动器指令信号的最大和最小限制,以及致动器指令信号的最大变化率。具体地说,电动机扭矩指令TA和TB可被限制为最大和最小电动机扭矩,且电动机扭矩指令TA和TB的变化可被限制为实现输出扭矩的最大变化率,例如0.2g。
保护和监测信号完整性优选地通过分别保护控制模块以及保护控制模块之间的串行通信链路来实现。实施例的分布式控制模块系统优选地包括由单独的控制模块所控制的扭矩致动器中的每一个。该实施例包括监测传感器并控制发动机14的致动器的ECM23,监测传感器并控制变速器10的致动器的TCM17,监测传感器并控制第一电机56的致动器的MCP—A33,以及监测传感器并控制第二电机72的致动器的MCP—B34。HCP5监测ECM23,TCM17,MCP—A33和MCP—B34的输入和它们的指令操作。控制模块通过LAN总线6和SPI总线37来传送信号。ECM23,MCP—A33,MCP—B34和TCM17中的每一个均基于从HCP5接收到的保护指令负责闭环监测和自保护。
检测通信中的错误包括检测丢失的数据,检测破坏的数据,以及没有数据。检测丢失的数据包括检测消息帧的损失,采取短期的减轻行动,以及通知接收控制模块没有新数据可用。检测没有数据包括检测至其中一个控制模块的通信的长期损失及采取补救行为。
补救行为可以是致动器专用的或跨过整个控制系统,且优选地将动力系统设置在扭矩安全的状态。补救行为包括储存OBD适应代码,用于以后的恢复。诊断可预先识别未决的错误,意味着已经检测到不一致,但是错误成熟算法还没有达到它的阈值。使用监测控制系统的传感器和致动器的诊断软件,可进一步确定硬件的完整性。
当在通信过程中检测到丢失的数据时,控制模块可以进入错误弱化模式(fail-softmode),其中扭矩指令最初保持不变,也就是,处于稳定状态的扭矩级数一段预定时间,然后朝着零扭矩指令下降。控制模块继续通信,且当重新建立了有效的通信时,扭矩指令可上升以实现操作者扭矩请求,且输出扭矩的变化率被控制为实现先前提到的输出扭矩的最大变化率,例如,0.2g。当通信的损失是恒定的时,动力系统的操作可变换成将输出扭矩限制在预定的最大级别的下降状态,优选地允许一定级别的操作用于钥匙点火循环。
当在数据储存中检测到错误时,如冗余储存的信号的损坏所显示的,错误减少可包括使由其中出现破坏的相应控制模块控制的致动器停止工作。
应该能理解的是,落入本发明范围内的改进是允许的。通过优选的实施例及其改进已经对本发明进行了详细的说明。本领域技术人员在阅读和理解说明书的基础上可作出其他改进和修改。所有这种改进和修改都落在本发明范围内。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于监测混合动力系统的控制模块中信号完整性的方法,所述混合动力系统包括变速器和多个连接于能量储存装置的扭矩产生机器,所述变速器用于在输入元件、所述扭矩产生机器和输出元件之间传递动力,所述方法包括:
确定输出扭矩指令;
基于所述输出扭矩指令计算用于所述扭矩产生机器的电动机扭矩指令;
确定用于所述电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正;
基于所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正来调整所述电动机扭矩指令;
基于所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正来确定输入扭矩修正;
确定至所述输入元件的实际输入扭矩;
基于所述实际输入扭矩,所述输入扭矩修正,以及调整后的电动机扭矩指令来估算输出扭矩;以及
比较所述估算的输出扭矩和所述输出扭矩指令。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在基于所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正来调整所述电动机扭矩指令之前,校验所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正的完整性。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中校验所述扭矩修正的完整性包括将所述扭矩修正冗余地存储在所述控制模块的储存器装置中的第一、第二储存位置处。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,还包括比较存储在所述控制模块的储存器装置中的第一、第二储存位置处的数据。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正包括基于输出速度的闭环扭矩修正。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正还包括用于主动衰减传动系统脉动的扭矩修正。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正还包括用于发动机脉冲消除的扭矩修正。
8.一种用于监测分布式控制模块系统中信号完整性的方法,所述分布式控制模块系统用于控制机电式变速器,该变速器用于在输入元件,多个扭矩产生机器和输出元件之间传递动力,所述方法包括:
基于输出扭矩指令计算用于所述扭矩产生机器的电动机扭矩指令;
确定用于所述电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正;
基于所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正来调整所述电动机扭矩指令;
基于所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正来确定输入扭矩修正;
确定至所述输入元件的实际输入扭矩;
基于所述实际输入扭矩和调整后的电动机扭矩指令来估算输出扭矩;
基于所述输入扭矩修正来调整所估算的输出扭矩;以及
比较所述估算的输出扭矩和所述输出扭矩指令。
9.一种用于监测分布式控制模块系统中电动机扭矩指令完整性的方法,所述分布式控制模块系统用于控制机电式变速器,该变速器用于在输入元件,多个扭矩产生机器和输出元件之间传递动力,所述方法包括:
基于输出扭矩指令计算用于所述扭矩产生机器的电动机扭矩指令;
确定用于所述电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正;
基于所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正来调整所述电动机扭矩指令;
基于所述用于电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正来确定输入扭矩修正;
基于实际输入扭矩,所述输入扭矩修正和调整后的电动机扭矩指令来估算输出扭矩;
基于所述输出扭矩指令和所述估算的输出扭矩来校验调整后的电动机扭矩指令。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中校验所述调整后的电动机扭矩指令包括:基于所述输入扭矩修正来调整所述估算的输出扭矩以及比较调整后的所述估算的输出扭矩和所述输出扭矩指令。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,还包括通过比较存储于所述扭矩产生机器中每一个的存储器装置中第一、第二储存位置处的数据,以及然后将调整后的电动机转矩指令冗余地存储在所述第一、第二储存位置,来保护用于所述扭矩产生机器的调整后的电动机扭矩指令的完整性。
12.一种用于监测分布式控制模块系统中电动机扭矩指令完整性的方法,该分布式控制模块系统用于控制包括机电式变速器的动力系统,该变速器用于在输入元件,多个扭矩产生装置和输出元件之间传递动力,所述方法包括:
确定输入扭矩;
基于所述输入扭矩和输出扭矩指令,执行第一算法来确定用于所述扭矩产生装置的电动机扭矩指令;
基于所述动力系统的自动操作,确定用于所述扭矩产生装置的电动机扭矩指令的扭矩修正;
基于所述扭矩修正确定用于每个所述扭矩产生装置的调整后的电动机扭矩指令;
基于所述用于扭矩产生装置的扭矩修正来确定输入扭矩修正;以及
基于所述输入扭矩,所述输入扭矩修正和每个所述扭矩产生装置的调整后的指令,执行第二算法以估算输出扭矩。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,包括比较所述输出扭矩指令和所述估算的输出扭矩。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,包括基于用于所述扭矩产生装置的调整后的指令操作所述扭矩产生装置。
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