CN101499492B - Transparent solar cell module - Google Patents

Abstract

A transparent solar cell module comprises a transparent solar cell and an optical filter film. The transparent solar cell comprises a transparent substrate and a transparent solar cell part. And the transparent solar cell part is positioned on the first surface of the transparent substrate. And the optical filter film is positioned on the transparent solar cell.

Description

Transparent solar cell module

【Technical field】

The invention relates to a transparent solar cell module.

【Background technique】

Solar energy is an inexhaustible and non-polluting energy source. It has always been the focus of attention when solving the pollution and shortage problems faced by current petrochemical energy sources. Among them, transparent solar cells (solar cells) can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is a very important research topic at present.

Early transparent solar cells were usually installed on the roof. However, in densely populated cities, the area of the top floor is limited and the installation area is not large. On the other hand, the area of the glass curtain wall on the façade of the building is large and not limited by laws and regulations, and is an area where transparent solar cell modules can be used.

Solar cells combined with buildings (building integrated photovoltaic, BIPV) usually must have good transparency. The transparent thin film solar cell of see-through type has the advantages of energy saving and aesthetics in these applications, and meets the needs of human habitation.

At present, some patents have disclosed related technologies about transparent thin-film solar cells and their manufacturing methods.

US Patent No. 4,795,500 (US4795500) proposes a solar cell device ("PHOTOVOLATIC DEVICE"). The solar cell element includes a first transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, a back electrode and a photoresist. Holes are formed in the back electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the transparent conductive layer of the solar cell element to achieve the purpose of transparency. The photoresist used in the yellow light process does not need to be removed, which can cause a colored effect and reduce the metallic luster of the back electrode.

US Patent No. 4,663,495 (US4663495) proposes a transparent solar cell module (“TRANSPARENT PHOTOVOLATIC MODULE”). The upper and lower electrodes of the solar cell module are made of transparent conductive oxide, so that it can be illuminated on both sides, and the light that is not absorbed can also pass through to form a transparent solar module.

US Patent No. 6,858,461 (US6,858,461B2) proposes a partially transparent solar cell module (“PARTIALLY TRANSPARENT PHOTOVOLATIC MODULES”). In the solar cell module, laser scribing is used to remove part of the metal electrodes and the photoelectric conversion layer to form at least one groove, so that the solar cell module can be partially transparent.

Other related patents such as US Patent No. 4,623,601, US Patent No. 6,180,871, etc.

Although the current amorphous silicon thin-film transparent solar cells or dye-sensitized transparent solar cells can obtain electricity, the thin films or dyes only absorb light of a specific wavelength, resulting in red or yellow colors of the thin films. Although the exterior wall of the building is beautiful when applied to glass curtains, it will change the interior tone and cannot meet the needs. Therefore, how to keep the indoor tone unchanged will be an important issue for the application of BIPV in glass curtains in the future.

On the other hand, although the see-through type product can increase the transmittance by 10%, it will sacrifice 30% of efficiency, and its power generation cost per watt will increase by about 30%. Moreover, transparent products must use a chemical vapor deposition process and add a laser process, which is not only expensive to manufacture, but also has the problem of glare, which is not suitable for close-up or long-term viewing.

【Content of invention】

The invention provides a transparent solar cell module which can improve the problem of solar spectrum distortion.

The invention provides a transparent solar cell module capable of adjusting indoor chromaticity diagram, color rendering and color temperature.

The invention provides a transparent solar battery module which can be used for BIPV application.

The invention provides a transparent solar cell module, which includes a transparent solar cell and an optical filter film. A transparent solar cell includes a transparent substrate and a transparent solar cell part. The transparent solar cell part is located on the first surface of the transparent substrate. The optical filter film is located on the transparent solar cell.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the optical filter film is located on the second surface of the transparent substrate.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned transparent solar cell module further includes at least one anti-reflection layer located between the optical filter film and the transparent substrate, or between the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell part, or An anti-reflection layer is provided between the optical filter film and the transparent substrate and between the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell part.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the optical filter film is located between the first surface of the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell part.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned transparent solar cell module further includes at least one anti-reflection layer located on the second surface of the transparent substrate, or located between the transparent substrate and the optical filter film, or the optical filter layer Between the film and the transparent solar cell part, or between the transparent substrate and the optical filter film, between the optical filter film and the transparent solar cell part, and on the second surface of the transparent substrate, an antireflection layer is provided .

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the transparent solar cell part is located between the optical filter film and the transparent substrate.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned transparent solar cell module further includes at least one anti-reflection layer on the second surface of the transparent substrate, or between the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell part, or the An anti-reflection layer is provided on the second surface of the transparent substrate and between the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell part.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above transparent solar cell module further includes another transparent substrate, so that the transparent solar cell part is located between the transparent substrate and the other transparent substrate.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above transparent solar cell module further includes an insulating layer located between the transparent solar cell part and another transparent substrate.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above-mentioned transparent solar cell module, the optical filter film limits the chromaticity diagram (CIE) of the transmission spectrum of the transparent solar cell module to CIE (0.10, 0.75) and CIE (0.25, 0.60) within the rectangular area formed.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the optical filter film can adjust the color rendering (Ra) of the transmission spectrum of the transparent solar cell module to be greater than 75.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the optical filter film adjusts the color temperature (CT) of the transmission spectrum of the transparent solar cell module to 1000 degrees Kelvin to 10000 degrees Kelvin.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the optical filter film is a stacked film composed of thin films with a refractive index n higher than 1.9 and a refractive index n lower than 1.9.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the transparent substrate is a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the rigid substrate includes a glass substrate.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the flexible substrate includes a plastic substrate.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the transparent solar cell part includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a photoelectric conversion layer.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, in the above transparent solar cell module, the transparent solar cell part is a silicon thin film transparent solar cell part, a dye-sensitized transparent (DSSC) solar cell part, a copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) type solar cells, copper indium selenide (CIS) type solar cells, cadmium telluride (CdTe) type solar cells, or organic transparent type solar cells.

The transparent solar cell of the invention can improve the problem of solar spectrum distortion.

The transparent solar cell of the present invention can adjust the indoor chromaticity diagram, color rendering property and color temperature.

The transparent solar cell of the present invention can be used for BIPV application.

In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, a number of embodiments will be described in detail below together with the accompanying drawings.

【Description of drawings】

1 to 3 are schematic cross-sectional views of a transparent solar cell module according to various embodiments of the present invention.

[Description of main reference signs]

300A, 300B, 300B’, 300C: transparent solar cell module

10, 40: transparent substrate

10a, 10b, 40a, 40b: surface

20: insulation layer

30: Optical filter film

50, 70: electrode

60: photoelectric conversion layer

80: Transparent solar cell department

90, 92: anti-reflection layer

100: transparent substrate module

200: Transparent solar cells

400: sunlight

【Detailed ways】

The solar cell in the transparent solar cell module of the present invention is equipped with an optical filter film, which can improve the problem that the photoelectric conversion layer of the transparent solar cell module only absorbs light of a specific waveband, causing indoor color changes, and achieves the control of the transparent solar cell. The purpose of the chromaticity diagram (CIE), color rendering (Ra) and color temperature (CT) of the transmission spectrum. Several embodiments are given below to illustrate the positional relationship of the optical filter film in the transparent solar cell module, however, the invention is not limited thereto.

1 to 3 are schematic cross-sectional views of transparent solar cell modules according to embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3 , the transparent solar cell module of the present invention includes a transparent substrate module 100 , a transparent solar cell 200 and an optical filter film 30 . More specifically, the transparent substrate module 100 includes a transparent substrate 10 . The transparent solar cell 200 includes a transparent substrate 40 and a transparent solar cell portion 80 . The transparent solar cell portion 80 sequentially includes the electrode 50 , the photoelectric conversion layer 60 and the electrode 70 . The electrode 50 is arranged on the transparent substrate 40; the photoelectric conversion layer 60 is located between the electrode 50 and the electrode 70; the electrode 70 is in contact with the insulating layer 20, so that the transparent solar cell 200 is packaged on the surface 10b of the transparent substrate 10 of the transparent substrate module 100 . The optical filter film 30 is located on the transparent solar cell 200 . That is to say, the optical filter film 30 can be located on the transparent substrate 40 , between the transparent substrate 40 and the transparent solar cell part 80 , or on the transparent solar cell part 80 . For the sake of clarity, the transparent substrate module 100 , the transparent solar cell 200 and the insulating layer 20 are represented by a distance in each drawing. The following will describe in detail according to the different positions of the optical filter film 30 in the transparent solar cell 200 .

Embodiment one

Referring to FIG. 1 , in the solar cell module 300A, the electrode 50 of the solar cell portion 80 , the photoelectric conversion layer 60 and the electrode 70 are sequentially disposed on the surface 40 a of the transparent substrate 40 of the transparent solar cell 200 . The optical filter film 30 is disposed on the surface 40 b of the transparent substrate 40 .

Since the optical filter film 30 is provided on the surface 40b of the transparent substrate 40, before the sunlight 400 is incident from the second surface 40b of the transparent substrate 40, it will first pass through the optical filter film 30 to filter out part of the light of the wavelength band. The light of another part of the wavelength band is absorbed in the transparent solar cell part 80 and generates electric energy; in addition, the light of another part of the wave band passes through the transparent solar cell part 80, passes through the insulating layer 20, and finally passes through the transparent substrate module 100, so that Finally, the color tone of the light on the surface 10a side (indoor) of the transparent substrate 10 is adjusted within a specific range.

In one embodiment, in order to increase the reflection of long-wavelength light and improve the efficiency of the device, an anti-reflection layer 90 is further included on the surface 40 b of the transparent substrate 40 to be located between the optical filter film 30 and the transparent substrate 40 . In another embodiment, the surface 40 a of the transparent substrate 40 further includes an anti-reflection layer 92 , so that it is located between the transparent substrate 40 and the electrodes 50 of the solar cell portion 80 . In yet another embodiment, the transparent substrate 40 has an anti-reflection layer 90 and an anti-reflection layer 92 on the surfaces 40 b and 40 a respectively.

Embodiment two

2A and 2B, the components of the transparent solar cell modules 300B and 300B' are the same as those in the first embodiment, the difference lies in the position of the optical filter film 30 in the transparent solar cell 200 is different. In this embodiment, the optical filter film 30 is located between the electrode 50 of the solar cell portion 80 and the surface 40 a of the transparent substrate 40 . Since the optical filter film 30 is arranged between the transparent substrate 40 and the electrode 50, after the sunlight 400 is incident from the surface 40b of the transparent substrate 40, it will first pass through the optical filter film 30 to filter out part of the light of the wavelength band. Part of the wavelength band of light is absorbed in the transparent solar cell part 80 and generates electricity; another part of the wave band of light passes through the transparent solar cell part 80, passes through the insulating layer 20, and finally passes through the transparent substrate module 100, so that the final The color tone of the light on the surface 10a side (indoor) of the transparent substrate 10 is adjusted within a specific range.

Similarly, in order to increase the reflection of long-wavelength light and improve the efficiency of the device, anti-reflection layers 90 and 92 can be respectively provided on the two surfaces 40b and 40a of the transparent substrate, or 90 and 92 can be provided simultaneously. In more detail, the antireflection layer 90 is disposed on the surface 40b of the transparent substrate 40; the antireflection layer 92 is disposed on the surface 40a of the transparent substrate 40, so that the antireflection layer 92 is located between the optical filter film 30 and the transparent substrate 40 , as shown in Figure 2A. Alternatively, the anti-reflection layer 90 is disposed on the surface 40 b of the transparent substrate 40 ; the anti-reflection layer 92 is disposed between the optical filter film 30 and the solar cell portion 80 , as shown in FIG. 2B .

Example 3

Please refer to FIG. 3 , the components of the transparent solar cell module 300C are the same as those in the first embodiment, the difference lies in the position of the optical filter film 30 in the transparent solar cell 200 is different. In this embodiment, the optical filter film 30 is located on the surface of the electrode 70 of the solar cell portion 80 without the photoelectric conversion layer 60 , so that the optical filter film 30 is located between the solar cell portion 80 and the insulating layer 20 .

Since the electrode 70 of the solar cell part 80 is provided with an optical filter film 30, therefore, when the sunlight 400 is incident from the second surface 40b of the transparent substrate 40, part of the light of the wavelength band is absorbed and generated in the transparent solar cell part 80. Electric energy; the light of another part of the wavelength band passes through the transparent solar cell part 80, and then passes through the optical filter film 30 to filter the part of the light of the wavelength band, and then passes through the insulating layer 20 and the transparent substrate module 100, so that finally in the transparent substrate 10 The color tone of the light on the surface 10a side (indoor) is adjusted within a specific range.

Similarly, in order to increase the reflection of long-wavelength light and improve the efficiency of the device, anti-reflection layers 90 and 92 can be respectively provided on the two surfaces 40b and 40a of the transparent substrate, or 90 and 92 can be provided simultaneously. In more detail, the anti-reflection layer 90 can be arranged on the surface 40b of the transparent substrate 40; between the electrodes 50.

The above-mentioned transparent solar cell 200 is a dye-sensitized transparent solar cell, a silicon thin film transparent solar cell, a copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell module, a copper indium selenide (CIS) solar cell module or an organic transparent solar cell. Battery.

The material of the photoelectric conversion layer 60 is, for example, dye, amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon or alloys thereof such as silicon germanium (SiGe), cadmium sulfide (CdS), copper indium gallium diselenide (CuInGaSe ₂ , CIGS), copper indium diselenide Selenium (CuInSe ₂ , CIS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), organic materials or a multilayer structure stacked of the above materials.

The shapes and structures of the electrodes 50, 70 and the photoelectric conversion layer 60 of the above-mentioned transparent solar cell part 80 are not particularly limited, and the photoelectric conversion layer 60 may be a single junction, a double junction, or more junctions.

The materials of the electrodes 50 and 70 can be the same or different, such as transparent conductive oxide (transparent conductive oxide, TCO), such as indium tin oxide (indium tin oxide, ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (fluorine doped tin oxide) , FTO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (aluminium doped zinc oxide, AZO), gallium doped zinc oxide (gallium doped zinc oxide, GZO) or a combination thereof.

The above-mentioned transparent substrate 40 may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate. The hard substrate is, for example, a curtain glass substrate for a building. The flexible substrate is, for example, a plastic substrate.

The above-mentioned transparent substrate 10 may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate. The hard substrate is, for example, a curtain glass substrate for a building. The flexible substrate is, for example, a plastic substrate. The transparent substrate 10 may be the same as or different from the transparent substrate 40 .

The insulating layer 20 is made of, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or materials with similar properties.

The optical filter film 30 can limit the chromaticity diagram of the transmission spectrum of the transparent solar cell 200 within the rectangular area formed by CIE (0.10, 0.75) and CIE (0.25, 0.60); the color rendering property can be adjusted to be greater than 75; the color temperature Adjust to 1000 Kelvin to 10000 Kelvin. The optical filter film 30 is, for example, a stacked film formed by stacking multiple high-refractive-index film layers with a refractive index n greater than 1.9 and multiple low-refractive-index film layers with a refractive index n smaller than 1.9. The high refractive index film layer is, for example, CeO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , Gd ₂ O ₃ , HfO ₂ , In ₂ O ₃ , ITO, La ₂ O ₃ , Nb ₂ O ₅ , Nd ₂ O ₃ , PbO, SnO ₂ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , TiO ₂ , V ₂ O ₅ , WO ₃ , ZrO ₂ , ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe. The low refractive index film layer is, for example, AlF ₃ , Al ₂ O ₃ , BaF ₂ , BiF ₃ , CaF ₂ , CeF ₃ , GdF ₃ , LiF, MgF ₂ , NaF, Na ₃ AlF ₆ , Na ₅ Al ₃ F ₁₄ , NdF _3. SiO ₂ , Si ₂ O ₃ .

The materials of the anti-reflection layer 90 and the anti-reflection layer 92 may be the same or different. The material of the anti-reflection layer 90 and the anti-reflection layer 92 can reflect long-wavelength light to improve the efficiency of the device. For example, a stacked film formed by laminating multiple high-refractive-index film layers whose refractive index n is greater than 1.9 and multiple low-refractive-index film layers whose refractive index n is less than 1.9. The high refractive index film layer is, for example, CeO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , Gd ₂ O ₃ , HfO ₂ , In ₂ O ₃ , ITO, La ₂ O ₃ , Nb ₂ O ₅ , Nd ₂ O ₃ , PbO, SnO ₂ , Ta ₂ O ₅ , TiO ₂ , V ₂ O ₅ , WO ₃ , ZrO ₂ , ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe. The low refractive index film layer is, for example, AlF ₃ , Al ₂ O ₃ , BaF ₂ , BiF ₃ , CaF ₂ , CeF ₃ , GdF ₃ , LiF, MgF ₂ , NaF, Na ₃ AlF ₆ , Na ₅ Al ₃ F ₁₄ , NdF _3. SiO ₂ , Si ₂ O ₃ .

The following will describe the results of computer simulation experiments on the solar cell containing the anti-reflection layer and the optical filter film of the present invention.

The structure of the solar cell is first anti-reflection layer/transparent substrate/second anti-reflection layer/front electrode/photoelectric conversion layer/back electrode. Wherein, the first anti-reflection layer is composed of 104 nm MgF ₂ /23 nm TiO ₂ /17 nm MgF ₂ /96 nm TiO ₂ /13 nm MgF ₂ /29 nm TiO ₂ /38 nm MgF ₂ / 11nm _TiO2 . The transparent substrate is glass. The second anti-reflection layer is 50nm TiO ₂ . The front electrode is aluminum-doped zinc oxide with a thickness of 20 nanometers. The photoelectric conversion layer is 300nm amorphous silicon. The back electrode is 80nm aluminum-doped zinc oxide. The results show that the short-circuit current density J _SC =10.15mA/cm ² , compared with the short-circuit current density J _SC =9.86mA/cm ² of the solar cell without the first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer, the present invention The addition of an anti-reflection layer in a solar cell can indeed increase its short-circuit current density.

The structure of the solar cell in another simulation experiment is first anti-reflection layer/transparent substrate/second anti-reflection layer/front electrode/photoelectric conversion layer/back electrode/optical filter film. The conditions of the first anti-reflection layer, the transparent substrate, the second anti-reflection layer, the front electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the back electrode are the same as above. The optical filter film is composed of 7-layer stacked TiO ₂ and SiO ₂ . The results showed that the short-circuit current density J _SC =11.50 mA/cm ² , compared to the short-circuit current density J _SC =9.86 mA/cm of the solar cell without the first anti-reflection layer, the second anti-reflection layer and the photoelectric conversion layer ^2. Adding an anti-reflection layer and a photoelectric conversion layer to the solar cell of the present invention can further greatly increase its short-circuit current density.

The transparent solar cell module of the present invention is added with an optical filter film to improve the problem of solar spectrum distortion, and can adjust the indoor chromaticity diagram, color rendering and color temperature for BIPV application to achieve the purpose of combining with buildings.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs shall be able to make any changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims allow.

Claims (15)

1. A transparent solar cell module, comprising: Transparent solar cells, including: a transparent substrate having a first surface and a second surface; a transparent solar cell portion located on the first surface of the transparent substrate; and an optical filter film located on the transparent solar cell; Wherein the optical filter film limits the chromaticity diagram of the transmission spectrum of the transparent solar cell module within the rectangular area formed by CIE (0.10, 0.75) and CIE (0.25, 0.60); the color rendering is adjusted to be greater than 75; The color temperature can be adjusted from 1000 degrees Kelvin to 10000 degrees Kelvin. 2. The transparent solar cell module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical filter film is located on the second surface of the transparent substrate. 3. The transparent solar cell module according to claim 1, further comprising at least one anti-reflection layer located between the optical filter film and the transparent substrate, or between the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell part , or between the optical filter film and the transparent substrate and between the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell part are provided with an anti-reflection layer. 4. The transparent solar cell module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical filter film is located between the first surface of the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell part. 5. The transparent solar cell module according to claim 4, further comprising at least one anti-reflection layer on the second surface of the transparent substrate, or between the transparent substrate and the optical filter film, or the Between the optical filter film and the transparent solar cell part, or between the transparent substrate and the optical filter film, or between the optical filter film and the transparent solar cell part, and the second part of the transparent substrate An anti-reflection layer is provided on the surface. 6. The transparent solar cell module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transparent solar cell part is located between the optical filter film and the transparent substrate. 7. The transparent solar cell module according to claim 1, further comprising at least one anti-reflection layer on the second surface of the transparent substrate, or between the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell portion, or An anti-reflection layer is provided on the second surface of the transparent substrate and between the transparent substrate and the transparent solar cell part. 8 . The transparent solar cell module according to claim 1 , further comprising another transparent substrate, and the transparent solar cell part is located between the transparent substrate and the other transparent substrate. 9. The transparent solar cell module according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating layer located between the transparent solar cell part and the other transparent substrate. 10. The transparent solar cell module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical filter film is a stacked film composed of thin films with a refractive index n greater than 1.9 and a refractive index n lower than 1.9. 11. The transparent solar cell module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transparent substrate is a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate. 12. The transparent solar cell module as claimed in claim 11, wherein the rigid substrate comprises a glass substrate. 13. The transparent solar cell module as claimed in claim 11, wherein the flexible substrate comprises a plastic substrate. 14. The transparent type solar cell module of claim 1, wherein the transparent type solar cell part comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a photoelectric conversion layer. 15. The transparent solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the transparent solar cell part is a silicon thin film transparent solar cell part, a dye-sensitized transparent solar cell part, a copper indium gallium selenide solar cell part, a copper An indium selenide type solar cell part, a cadmium telluride type solar cell part, or an organic transparent type solar cell part.

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