CN101497337A - 运行动力系系统以在发动机状态之间过渡的方法 - Google Patents
运行动力系系统以在发动机状态之间过渡的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101497337A CN101497337A CNA2008101898948A CN200810189894A CN101497337A CN 101497337 A CN101497337 A CN 101497337A CN A2008101898948 A CNA2008101898948 A CN A2008101898948A CN 200810189894 A CN200810189894 A CN 200810189894A CN 101497337 A CN101497337 A CN 101497337A
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- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
- F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
- F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
本发明提供一种运行动力系系统以在发动机状态之间过渡的方法。动力系系统包括连接到混合动力变速器的多缸发动机。该发动机选择性地运行于多个主发动机状态之一,以传递发动机转矩至混合动力变速器。运行动力系系统的方法包括:监测驾驶员转矩请求,确定优选主发动机状态和与优选主发动机状态相关联的优选发动机转矩,确定从当前主发动机状态到优选主发动机状态的包括发动机过渡状态的发动机状态过渡路径,执行当前主发动机状态和优选主发动机状态之间的发动机状态过渡路径,以及调节发动机转矩至优选发动机转矩。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年11月2日申请的序列号为No.60/984,970的美国临时申请的权利,在此以引用方式将该临时申请并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力系系统的控制系统。
背景技术
本部分中的陈述仅提供与本发明相关的背景信息,可能并不构成现有技术。
已知混合动力系结构可包括多个转矩产生装置,其包括内燃机和非燃烧转矩装置,例如电机,这些转矩产生装置通过变速器装置将转矩传递至输出构件。一个示例性混合动力系包括双模式、复合分配式电动—机械变速器,其使用输入构件和输出构件,所述输入构件用于接收来自主动力源(优选为内燃机)的牵引转矩。输出构件能被可操作地连接至机动车的传动系用于传递牵引转矩。电机(可作为电动机或发电机运行)能独立于内燃机的转矩输入而生成对变速器的转矩输入。电机可以将经过车辆传动系传递的车辆动能转换为能够存储在电能存储装置中的电能。控制系统监测来自车辆和驾驶员的各种输入,并且提供动力系的运行控制,包括控制变速器运行范围状态与变速,控制转矩产生装置,以及调整电能存储装置和电机之间的功率交换,来管理变速器的输出(包括转矩与转速)。
发明内容
动力系系统包括连接到混合动力变速器的多缸发动机。发动机选择性地运行于多个主发动机状态之一,以传递发动机转矩至混合动力变速器。运行动力系系统的方法包括:监测驾驶员转矩请求,确定优选主发动机状态和与优选主发动机状态相关联的优选发动机转矩,确定从当前主发动机状态到优选主发动机状态的包括发动机过渡状态的发动机状态过渡路径,以及执行当前主发动机状态和优选主发动机状态之间的发动机状态过渡,并调节发动机转矩至优选发动机转矩。
附图说明
参照附图,通过例子,现描述一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1为根据本发明的示例性混合动力系的示意图;
图2为根据本发明的控制系统和混合动力系的示例性结构的示意图;
图3,4与5为根据本发明的控制方案的流程示意图;
图6为根据本发明的状态机的处理流程图;以及
图7为根据本发明的发动机状态和发动机转矩的图解说明。
具体实施方式
现参照附图,附图中的显示仅是用于图解而非限制某些示例性实施例。图1与2描绘了示例性的混合动力系。图1描绘了根据本发明的示例性混合动力系,其包括双模式、复合分配式电动—机械混合动力变速器10,该变速器可操作地连接至发动机14及第一与第二电机(‘MG-A’)56与(‘MG-B’)72。发动机14及第一与第二电机56、72每个均产生能够传递至变速器10的功率。由发动机14及第一与第二电机56、72产生并且传递至变速器10的功率描述为输入和电动机转矩(此处分别称为TI、TA和TB),和速度(此处分别被称为NI、NA和NB)。
示例性的发动机14包括多缸内燃机,其选择性地在几种状态下运行从而经由输入轴12将转矩传递至变速器10,并且其可以是点火式或压燃式发动机。发动机14包括可操作地连接至变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监测输入轴12的转速。由于在发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上布置了转矩消耗部件(例如,液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理装置(未示出)),所以来自发动机14的功率输出(包括转速和发动机转矩)可以不同于变速器10的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI。
示例性变速器10包括三个行星齿轮组24,26与28,以及四个可选择性地接合的转矩传递装置,即,离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75。如在此使用的,离合器指任何类型的摩擦转矩传递装置,其包括例如单个或复合盘式离合器或组件,带式离合器,以及制动器。优选由变速器控制模块(此后称为‘TCM’)17控制的液压控制回路42运行以控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62与C475优选包括被液压地应用的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70与C3 73优选地包括被液压控制的固定装置,该固定装置选择性地接(grounded to)至变速箱68。每个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75均优选被液压地应用,经由液压控制回路42选择性地接收加压的液压流体。
第一与第二电机56、72优选地包括三相交流电机,每个均包括定子(未示出)与转子(未示出),以及各自的旋转变压器80与82。每个电机的电动机定子接到变速箱68的外部,并且包括定子铁芯,该定子铁芯具有从其延伸的缠绕电绕组。第一电机56的转子支撑于毂衬齿轮上,该毂衬齿轮经由第二行星齿轮组26可操作地连接至轴60。第二电机72的转子固定地连接至套管轴毂66。
每个旋转变压器80与82优选地包括可变磁阻装置,该可变磁阻装置包括旋转变压器定子(未示出)与旋转变压器转子(未示出)。旋转变压器80与82被适当地定位,并且装配在第一与第二电机56、72的相应的一个上。相应的旋转变压器80和80的定子分别可操作地连接至相应的第一与第二电机56、72的一个定子上。旋转变压器的转子可操作地连接到相应的第一与第二电机56、72的转子。每个旋转变压器80与82信号地并且可操作地连接至变速器功率变换器控制模块(以下称为‘TPIM’)19,并且每个旋转变压器感应与监测旋转变压器转子相对于旋转变压器定子的旋转位置,从而监测第一与第二电机56、72相应的一个的旋转位置。此外,中断来自旋转变压器80与82的信号输出,以分别提供第一与第二电机56、72的转速,即,NA与NB。
变速器10包括输出构件64,例如,可操作地连接至车辆(未示出)的传动系90的轴,以提供输出功率至传动系90,该输出动力被传递至车轮93,其中之一个车轮示于图1。通过输出转速NO与输出转矩TO表征输出构件64处的输出功率。变速器输出速度传感器84监测输出构件64的转速与旋转方向。每个车轮93优选地装配有适于监测轮速的传感器94,每个传感器的输出由图2中描绘的分布式控制模块系统的控制模块监测,以确定车速,以及制动控制、牵引控制、以及车辆加速管理用的绝对与相对轮速。
来自发动机14的输入转矩及来自第一与第二电机56、72的电动机转矩(分别为TI,TA,以及TB)作为由燃料或存储在电能存储装置(以下为‘ESD’)74中的电势的能量转化结果而生成。ESD 74经由直流传递导体27高压直流连接至TPIM 19。传递导体27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常运行下,电流可以在ESD 74与TPIM 19之间流动。当接触器开关38打开时,中断在ESD 74与TPIM 19之间流动的电流。TPIM 19通过传递导体29将电功率传递至第一电机56和从第一电机56获得电功率,TPIM 19同样地通过传递导体31将电功率传递至第二电机72和从第二电机72获得电功率,以响应于电动机转矩指令TA和TB满足对第一和第二电机56和72的转矩指令。根据ESD 74是正在充电还是放电,电流传递至ESD 74或从ESD 74输出。
TPIM 19包括一对功率变换器(未示出),以及各自的电动机控制模块(未示出),所述电动机控制模块配置成从其接收转矩指令和控制变换器状态,以提供满足指令电动机转矩TA和TB的电动机驱动或再生功能。功率变换器包括公知的补偿三相功率电子装置,并且每个均包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出),该绝缘栅双极晶体管通过高频率切换将ESD 74的直流电功率转换成交流电功率,为相应的第一与第二电机56、72提供电功率。绝缘栅双极晶体管形成开关模式电源,配置成接收控制指令。每个三相电机的每一相均典型地具有一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态,以提供电动机驱动机械功率生成或电功率再生功能。三相变换器经由直流传递导体27接收或提供直流电功率,并且将其转换为三相交流电功率或从交流电功率转换过来,该交流电功率分别经由传递导体29与31传导至第一与第二电机56、72或从第一与第二电机56、72传导过来,使其作为电动机或发电机运行。
图2为该分布式控制模块系统的示意性框图。后文所述的元件包括整个车辆控制结构的子系统,并且提供图1中描绘的示例性混合动力系的协调系统控制。分布式控制模块系统综合相关信息与输入,并且执行算法来控制各种致动器,以满足控制目标,包括关于燃油经济性、排放、性能、驾驶性能以及对包括ESD 74的电池以及第一与第二电机56、72在内的硬件的保护的目标。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(以下称为‘ECM’)23,TCM 17,电池组控制模块(以下称为‘BPCM’)21,以及TPIM 19。混合动力控制模块(以下称为‘HCP’)5提供了ECM 23,TCM 17,BPCM 21与TPIM1 9的监督控制和协调。用户界面(‘UI’)13可操作地连接至多个装置,通过该用户界面,车辆驾驶员控制或引导电动—机械混合动力系的运行。这多个装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’),驾驶员制动踏板112(‘BP’),变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’),以及车速巡航控制(未示出)。变速器档位选择器114可以具有不连续数量的驾驶员可选位置,包括输出构件64的旋转方向,以实现前进与后退方向之一。
前述控制模块经由局域网(以下称为‘LAN’)总线6与其他控制模块、传感器以及致动器相通讯。LAN总线6允许介于各个控制模块之间的运行参数状态和致动器指令信号的结构化通讯。使用的特定通讯协议为专用的。LAN总线6与适当的协议在上述控制模块及提供包括例如防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定在内的功能的其他控制模块之间提供了鲁棒通信和多控制模块接口连接。多重通讯总线可用于提高通讯速度,并且提供一定级别的信号冗余度与完整性。各控制模块之间的通讯还可以使用直接连接实现,例如串行外设接口(‘SPI’)总线(未示出)。
HCP 5提供混合动力系的监督控制,用于ECM 23,TCM 17,TPIM 19以及BPCM 21的协调运行。基于来自用户界面13以及包括ESD 74在内的混合动力系的各种输入信号,HCP 5确定驾驶员转矩请求,输出转矩指令,发动机输入转矩指令,变速器10中应用的转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75的离合器转矩,以及第一与第二电机56、72各自的电动机转矩TA和TB。
ECM 23可操作地连接至发动机14,并且用于从传感器和发动机14的控制致动器经过多个分散线路(为简单起见,显示为集成的双向接口电缆35)获得数据。ECM 23从HCP 5接收发动机输入转矩指令。ECM 23基于监测的发动机速度与载荷确定此时提供给变速器10的实际发动机输入转矩TI,该实际发动机输入转矩TI被发送至HCP 5。ECM 23监测来自转速传感器11的输入,以确定发动机对输入轴12的输入速度,该速度译为变速器输入速度NI。ECM 23监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入,以确定发动机的其他运行参数(例如,包括歧管压力、发动机冷却剂温度、环境空气温度和环境压力)的状态。例如可以通过歧管压力,或可替换地,通过监测驾驶员对加速踏板113的输入而确定发动机载荷。ECM 23产生并传输指令信号,以控制发动机致动器,例如包括燃油喷射器,点火模块,以及节气门控制模块,这些均未示出。
TCM 17可操作地连接至变速器10,并且监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入,以确定变速器运行参数的状态。TCM 17产生并传递指令信号,以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM 17至HCP 5的输入包括每个离合器,即,C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,以及C4 75的估计离合器转矩以及输出构件64的输出转速NO。为了控制目的,可使用其他致动器与传感器将来自TCM 17的附加信息提供至HCP 5。如下文所描述的,TCM 17监测来自压力开关(未示出)的输入,并且选择性地致动压力控制电磁线圈(未示出),以及液压控制回路42的换档电磁线圈(未示出),以选择性地致动各个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,以及C4 75,从而实现各种变速器运行范围状态。
BPCM 21信号连接至传感器(未示出),以监测ESD 74,包括电流与电压参数的状态,以将ESD 74的电池的参数状态的指示信息提供至HCP 5。电池的参数状态优选地包括电池荷电状态,电池电压,电池温度,以及可获得的电池功率,称之为PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX的范围。
制动控制模块(下文称为‘BrCM’)22可操作地连接至每个车轮93上的摩擦制动器(未示出)。BrCM 22监测驾驶员对于制动踏板112的输入,产生控制摩擦制动器的控制信号,以及发出控制信号至HCP 5,基于此操作第一和第二电机56和72。
控制模块ECM 23,TCM 17,TPIM 19,BPCM 21与BrCM 22的每一个优选地为通用数字计算机,其包括微处理器或中央处理单元,存储介质,存储介质包括只读存储器(‘ROM’),随机存取存储器(‘RAM’),电可编程只读存储器(‘EPROM’),高速时钟,模数(‘A/D’)与数模(‘D/A’)电路,输入/输出电路与装置(‘I/O’)以及合适的信号调节与缓冲电路。每个控制模块均具有一套控制算法,包括常驻程序指令以及存储在存储介质之一中并且被执行以提供每个计算机的各自功能的校准。控制模块之间的信息传递优选地使用LAN总线6与SPI总线实现。在预设循环周期中执行控制算法,以使得每个算法在每个循环周期中执行至少一次。存储在非易失存储装置中的算法由中央处理单元中的一个执行,以监测来自传感装置的输入,并且执行控制与诊断程序,以使用预设校准控制致动器的运行。以规则时间间隔执行循环周期,例如在混合动力系正在进行的运行过程中每隔3.125,6.25,12.5,25以及100毫秒。可替换地,可响应于事件的发生而执行算法。
示例性的混合动力系选择性地以几种状态之一运行,这些状态可根据发动机状态与变速器状态描述,其中发动机状态包括发动机开启状态(‘ON’)与发动机停止状态(‘OFF’)之一,变速器运行范围状态包括多个固定档位与连续可变运行模式,以下参照表1描述。
表1
表中描述了每个变速器运行范围状态并且显示每一运行范围状态中应用的是特定离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73以及C4 75中的哪些。为了“停止”第三行星齿轮组28的外部齿轮构件,通过仅应用离合器C1 70而选择第一连续可变模式,即EVT模式1,或者M1。发动机状态可以为ON(‘M1_Eng_On’)或者OFF(‘M1_Eng_Off’)之一。通过仅应用离合器C2 62将轴60连接至第三行星齿轮组28的托架而选择第二连续可变模式,即EVT模式2,或者M2。发动机状态可以为ON(‘M2_Eng_On’)或者OFF(‘M2_Eng_Off’)之一。为说明的目的,当发动机状态为OFF时,发动机输入速度等于每分钟零转(‘RPM’),即发动机曲轴不旋转。固定档位运行提供变速器10的输入—输出速度的固定比率运行,即NI/NO。通过应用离合器C1 70和C4 75而选择第一固定档位运行(‘G1’)。通过应用离合器C1 70和C2 62而选择第二固定档位运行(‘G2’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C4 75而选择第三固定档位运行(‘G3’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C3 73而选择第四固定档位运行(‘G4’)。由于行星齿轮24,26及28中的传动比降低,所以输入—输出速度的固定比率运行随着增加的固定档位运行而增加。第一与第二电机56、72的转速NA和NB分别取决于由离合器限定的机构的内部旋转,并且与输入轴12处测量的输入速度成比例。
响应于经由加速踏板113与制动踏板112输入并且由用户界面13获取的驾驶员输入,HCP 5及一个或更多其他控制模块确定转矩指令以控制转矩产生装置(包括发动机14和第一与第二电机56、72)来满足输出构件64处的传递到传动系90的驾驶员转矩请求。如下文所描述的,基于来自用户界面13和包括ESD74的混合动力系的输入信号,HCP5分别确定驾驶员转矩请求,从变速器10到传动系90的指令输出转矩,来自发动机14的输入转矩,用于变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75的离合器转矩和第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩。
最终车辆加速度会受到其它因素的影响,包括例如道路载荷、道路坡度和车辆重量。基于混合动力系的多种运行特性确定发动机状态和变速器运行范围状态。这包括前面所述的通过加速器踏板113和制动踏板112传递到用户界面13的驾驶员转矩要求。可以根据指令所引起的混合动力系转矩要求来预测发动机状态和变速器运行范围状态,以按电能产生模式或转矩产生模式来运行第一和第二电机56和72。变速器运行范围状态和发动机状态可以通过优化算法或程序来确定,所述算法或程序基于驾驶员对功率的要求、电池充电状态和发动机14与第一及第二电机56及72的能量效率来确定系统的优化效率。基于执行的优化程序结果,控制系统管理来自发动机14和第一与第二电机56、72的转矩输入,因此系统效率被优化以管理燃油经济效率和电池充电。此外,可基于部件或系统的故障确定运行。HCP5监测转矩产生装置,确定需要从变速器10在输出构件64处输出的功率,以满足驾驶员转矩要求,同时满足其它动力系运行需求,例如,给ESD 74充电。如在上述说明中所显而易见的,ESD 74和第一与第二电机56、72被电气地可操作地连接在一起以用于它们之间的功率流动。另外,将发动机14、第一与第二电机56、72和电动—机械变速器10机械地可操作地连接在一起以在它们之间传递功率以向输出构件64产生功率流。
图3示出了用于控制和管理具有多个转矩产生装置的混合动力系系统中的信号流的控制系统结构,下文将结合图1和2的混合动力系系统进行描述,该控制系统结构以可执行算法和校准的形式常驻于前述控制模块中。控制系统结构可应用于具有多个转矩产生装置的可替代的混合动力系系统,例如,包括具有发动机和单个电机的混合动力系系统、具有发动机和多个电机的混合动力系系统。可替代地,混合动力系系统可以利用非电的转矩产生机构和能量储存系统,例如,液压—机械混合动力变速器(未示出)。
控制系统结构表示了输入到策略优化控制方案(‘策略控制’)310的多个输入的信号流,该策略优化控制方案310基于输出速度和驾驶员转矩请求确定优选输入速度(‘Ni_des’)和优选运行范围状态(‘期望混合动力范围状态’),并且基于混合动力系的其它运行参数被优化,这些其它运行参数包括电池功率限制和发动机14、变速器10、第一与第二电机56、72的响应限制。策略优化控制方案310优选的在每100ms循环周期和每25ms循环周期被HCP5执行。
策略优化控制方案310的输出在换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制方案(‘换档执行和发动机启动/停止’)320中用来指令变速器10运行的变化(‘变速器指令’),包括改变运行范围状态。这包括:如果优选运行范围状态不同于当前运行范围状态,则通过指令离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75中一个或多个的应用改变及其他的变速器指令,来指令执行变速器运行范围状态的变化。当前运行范围状态(‘实际混合动力范围状态’)与输入速度曲线(‘Ni_Prof’)能被确定。在变速器运行范围的过渡期间,基于发动机运行指令和驾驶员转矩请求,输入速度曲线是对即将来临的输入速度的速率变化的估计,并且优选包括标定参数值,该标定参数值是用于即将来到的循环周期的目标输入速度。
在一个控制循环期间重复执行战术控制方案(‘战术控制和运行’)330,以基于输出速度、输入速度、驾驶员转矩请求和变速器的当前运行范围状态确定用于运行发动机14的发动机指令,包括从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入转矩。发动机指令还包括:包括全缸状态与汽缸失活状态之一的发动机状态、和包括燃料供给状态和燃料切断状态之一的发动机状态,在汽缸失活状态中,一部分发动机汽缸被停用和不被供应燃料。
离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75中的每一个的离合器转矩(‘Tcl’)在TCM17中被估计,包括当前应用的离合器和非应用的离合器,与输入构件12相互作用的当前发动机输入转矩(‘Ti’)在ECM23中被确定。电动机转矩控制方案(‘输出和发动机转矩确定’)340被执行以确定动力系的优选输出转矩(‘To_cmd’),其包括用于控制本实施例中第一与第二电机56、72的电动机转矩指令(‘TA’,‘TB’)。优选输出转矩基于每个离合器的估计离合器转矩、来自发动机14的当前输入转矩、当前运行范围状态、输入速度、驾驶员转矩请求、以及输入速度曲线。基于优选输出转矩,第一与第二电机56、72通过TPIM 19被控制,以满足优选电动机转矩指令。电动机转矩控制方案340包括在6.25ms和12.5ms循环周期内被规则地执行以确定优选电动机转矩指令的算法代码。
当变速器档位选择器114的驾驶员选定位置指令车辆的前进方向运行时,响应加速踏板113的驾驶员输入,混合动力系被控制以传递输出转矩至输出构件64,由此至传动系90,在车轮93处产生牵引转矩来向前推进车辆。类似地,当变速器档位选择器114的驾驶员选定位置指令车辆的反方向运行时,响应加速踏板113的驾驶员输入,混合动力系被控制以传递输出转矩至输出构件64,由此至传动系90,在车轮93处产生牵引转矩而向反方向推进车辆。优选地,只要输出转矩足够克服车辆上的外部载荷(例如,由于道路的坡度、气动载荷及其他载荷而产生的),则推动车辆产生车辆加速度。
响应于对制动踏板112和加速踏板113的净驾驶员输入,BrCM22指令车轮93上的摩擦制动器以施加制动力,并为变速器10生成指令以产生与传动系90相互作用的负输出转矩。优选地,应用的制动力和负输出转矩只要足够克服车辆车轮93的动能就能够使车辆减速和停止。与传动系90相互作用的负输出转矩因此将转矩传递到电动—机械变速器10和发动机14。通过电动—机械变速器10反作用的负输出转矩能够传递到第一和第二电机56和72,以产生储存在ESD74中的电功率。
驾驶员对加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入包括可单独确定的驾驶员转矩请求输入,其包括即时加速输出转矩请求、预测加速输出转矩请求、即时制动输出转矩请求、预测制动输出转矩请求和轴转矩响应类型。此处所用的术语‘加速’表示这样一种驾驶员请求:当变速器档位选择器114的驾驶员选定位置指令车辆向前运行时,向前推进优选地导致增加车辆速度而超过当前车辆速度。术语‘减速’和‘制动’表示优选导致车辆速度从当前车辆速度降低的驾驶员请求。即时加速输出转矩请求、预测加速输出转矩请求、即时制动输出转矩请求、预测制动输出转矩请求和轴转矩响应类型为对控制系统(包括对策略控制方案330)的独立输入。
即时加速输出转矩请求是基于当前发生的对加速踏板113的驾驶员输入来确定的,包括在输出构件64处产生即时输出转矩以优选地加速车辆的请求。即时加速输出转矩请求是未整形的,但是可以通过在动力系控制之外影响车辆运行的事件来整形。所述事件包括动力系控制中用于防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性控制的车辆级中断(level interruption),其可以被用于未整形(unshape)或速率限制即时加速输出转矩请求。
基于加速踏板113的驾驶员输入来确定预测加速输出转矩请求,并且预测加速输出转矩请求包括输出部件64处的最优或优选输出转矩。在正常运行状况期间(例如,当不指令防抱死制动、牵引控制或车辆稳定性中的任何一个时),预测加速输出转矩请求优选等于即时加速输出转矩请求。当指令防抱死制动、牵引控制或车辆稳定性中的任何一个时,预测加速输出转矩请求保持优选输出转矩,而即时加速输出转矩请求响应于与防抱死制动、牵引控制或车辆稳定性控制有关的输出转矩指令减小。
混合的制动转矩包括在车轮93产生的摩擦制动转矩和在输出构件64产生的输出转矩的结合,该在输出构件64产生的输出转矩与传动系90相互作用以响应驾驶员对制动踏板112的输入使车辆减速。
即时制动输出转矩请求是基于当前发生的驾驶员对制动踏板112的输入确定的,并且包括在输出构件64产生即时输出转矩的请求,以实现优选地降低车速的、与传动系90相互作用的转矩。即时制动输出转矩请求基于驾驶员对制动踏板112的输入和控制摩擦制动器以产生摩擦制动转矩的控制信号确定。
预测制动输出转矩请求包括在输出部件64处响应对制动踏板112的驾驶员输入的最优或优选制动输出转矩,无论对制动踏板112的驾驶员输入如何,该最优或优选制动输出转矩都受限于容许在输出部件64处产生的最大制动输出转矩。在一个实施例中,输出构件64处产生的最大制动输出转矩被限制到-0.2g。当车速趋近于零时,预测制动输出转矩请求能够逐步降到0,而与对制动踏板112的驾驶员输入无关。按照使用者的期望,可以存在预测制动输出转矩请求被设为零的运行条件,例如,当驾驶员将变速器档位选择器114设为倒档时,和当变速箱(未示出)设为四轮驱动低档范围时。预测制动输出转矩要求设为零的运行条件中,由于车辆运行因素,混合制动不是优选的。
轴转矩响应类型包括用于通过第一与第二电机56、72整形和速率限制输出转矩响应的输入状态。用于轴转矩响应类型的所述输入状态可以是积极状态(优选包括舒适性受限的状态或最大范围状态之一)和消极状态。当所指令的轴转矩响应类型为积极状态时,输出转矩指令为即时输出转矩。优选地,用于该响应类型的转矩响应尽可能快。
预测加速输出转矩请求和预测制动输出转矩请求被输入到策略优化控制方案(‘策略控制’)310。策略优化控制方案310确定变速器10的期望运行范围状态(‘期望混合动力范围状态’)和从发动机14到变速器10的期望输入速度(‘NiDes’),其包括对换档执行和发动机启动/停止方案(‘换档执行和发动机启动/停止’)320的输入。
与变速器10的输入构件相互作用的来自发动机14的输入转矩的变化能够通过改变发动机14的进气量而实现,其中进气量通过使用电动节气门控制系统(未示出)控制发动机节气门的位置来改变,包括打开发动机节气门以增加发动机转矩和关闭发动机节气门以减小发动机转矩。来自发动机14的输入转矩的变化能够通过调节点火定时实现,包括相对于平均最佳转矩点火定时延迟点火定时以降低发动机转矩。发动机状态能够在发动机停止状态和发动机开启状态之间变化以实现输入转矩的变化。发动机状态能够在全缸状态和一部分发动机汽缸未被供给燃料的汽缸失活状态之间变化。发动机状态能够通过在燃料供给状态和燃料切断状态之一选择性地运行发动机14而变化,在燃料切断状态下,发动机旋转且未被供给燃料。通过选择性地应用和停用离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75,可以指令和实施执行变速器10从第一运行范围状态到第二运行范围状态的换档。
图4参照图1和2的混合动力系系统和图3的控制系统结构来详细描述了用于发动机14的控制运行的战术控制方案(‘战术控制和运行’)330。战术控制方案330包括优选同时执行的战术优化控制路径350和系统约束控制路径360。战术优化控制路径350的输出被输入到发动机状态控制方案370中。将发动机状态控制方案370和系统约束控制路径360的输出输入到发动机响应类型确定方案(‘发动机响应类型确定’)380中以用于控制发动机状态、即时发动机转矩请求和预测发动机转矩请求。
当发动机14包括点燃式发动机时,通过应用电子节气门控制装置(未示出)控制发动机节气门(未示出)的位置,来控制发动机14的进气量而获得以输入转矩和输入速度表征的发动机14的运行点。这包括打开节气门来增大发动机输入速度和输出转矩,关闭节气门来减小发动机输入速度和转矩。可以通过调整点火定时来获得发动机的运行点,通常将点火定时从平均最佳转矩点火定时延迟以减小发动机转矩。
当发动机14包括压燃式发动机时,可以通过控制喷射燃料的量来获得发动机14的运行点,并且通过将喷油定时从平均最佳转矩喷油定时延迟来减小发动机转矩。
可以通过在发动机停止和发动机开启状态之间改变发动机状态来获得发动机运行点。可以通过在全缸状态和汽缸失活状态之间控制发动机状态来获得发动机运行点,在所述汽缸失活状态中,发动机汽缸的一部分不被供应燃料并且停用发动机阀门。发动机状态可以包括燃料切断状态,在所述燃料切断状态中,发动机旋转并且不被供应燃料以实现发动机制动。
战术优化控制路径350作用于大致稳态的输入上以选择优选发动机状态,并且确定从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入转矩。输入产生于换档执行和发动机状态控制方案320。战术优化控制路径350包括优化方案(‘战术优化’)354,以确定在全缸状态(‘全缸状态输入转矩’)、汽缸失活状态(‘汽缸失活状态输入转矩’)、燃料切断的全缸状态(‘燃料切断的全缸状态的输入转矩’)、燃料切断的汽缸失活状态(‘燃料切断的汽缸失活状态的输入转矩’)和优选发动机状态中用于运行发动机14的优选输入转矩。优化方案354的输入包括变速器10的提前运行范围状态(‘提前混合动力范围状态’)、预测提前输入加速度曲线、各当前应用的离合器的预测离合器反作用转矩范围(‘预测最小/最大离合器反作用转矩’)、预测电池功率限制、用于加速的预测输出转矩请求(‘预测加速输出转矩请求’)和用于制动的预测输出转矩请求(‘预测制动输出转矩请求’)。用于加速和制动的预测输出转矩请求与轴转矩响应类型一起通过预测输出转矩整形过滤器352结合和整形,以产生预测净输出转矩请求(‘To Net Prdtd’)和预测加速输出转矩请求(‘To Accel Prdtd’),它们是优化方案354的输入。变速器10的提前运行范围状态包括变速器10的运行范围状态的时移提前,以适应运行范围状态中的指令变化和运行范围状态中的测得变化之间的响应时间滞后。所述预测提前输入加速度曲线包括输入构件12的预测输入加速度曲线的时移提前,以适应预测输入加速度曲线中的指令变化和预测输入加速度曲线中的测得变化之间的响应时间滞后。优化方案354确定用于运行处于发动机状态中的发动机14所需的成本,发动机状态包括运行被供给燃料并处于全缸状态(‘PCOSTFULLFUEL’)的发动机、运行未供燃料并处于全缸状态(‘PCOSTFULLFCO’)的发动机、运行被供给燃料并处于汽缸失活状态(‘PCOST DEACFUEL’)的发动机和运行未供燃料并处于汽缸失活状态(‘PCOSTDEACFCO’)的发动机。将用于运行发动机14的上述成本和实际发动机状态、许可或容许发动机状态(‘容许发动机状态’)一起输入到稳定性分析方案(‘稳定和仲裁’)356中,来选择一个发动机状态作为优选发动机状态。
在有和没有燃料切断的全缸状态和汽缸失活状态中运行发动机14的优选输入转矩,被输入到发动机转矩转换计算器(‘发动机转矩转换’)355中,并且通过考虑发动机14和变速器10之间引入的寄生及其他载荷,来将所述优选输入转矩分别转换为全缸状态和汽缸失活状态下的优选发动机转矩(‘全缸状态发动机转矩’和‘汽缸失活状态发动机转矩’)、及燃料切断的全缸状态和汽缸失活状态下的优选发动机转矩(‘燃料切断的全缸状态的发动机转矩’和‘燃料切断的汽缸失活状态的发动机转矩’)。用于在全缸状态和汽缸失活状态及优选发动机状态下运行的优选发动机转矩包括输入到发动机状态控制方案370中的输入。
用于运行发动机14的成本包括运行成本,其通常是基于包括车辆驾驶性能、燃料经济性、排放和电池利用的因素来确定的。成本被分配并且与燃料及电功率消耗有关,还与混合动力系的具体运行点有关。低运行成本通常与高转换效率下的低燃料消耗、较低的电池功率利用和每个发动机转速/载荷运行点处的更低排放有关,并且考虑发动机14的当前状态。
将全缸状态和汽缸失活状态中的优选发动机状态和优选发动机转矩输入到发动机状态控制方案370中,所述发动机状态控制方案370包括发动机状态机372。发动机状态机372基于优选发动机转矩和优选发动机状态来确定目标发动机转矩和目标发动机状态。目标发动机转矩和目标发动机状态被输入到过渡过滤器(‘过渡过滤’)374中,所述过渡过滤器374监测发动机状态中的任何指令过渡并且过滤目标发动机转矩以提供过滤后目标发动机转矩。发动机状态机372输出指令,该指令指示选择汽缸失活状态和全缸状态中的一种状态(‘选择DEAC’),并且指示选择发动机开动状态和燃料切断的减速状态中的一种状态(‘选择FCO’)。
将汽缸失活状态与全缸状态中的一种状态的选择和发动机开动状态与燃料切断的减速状态中的一种状态的选择、过滤后目标发动机转矩、最小和最大发动机转矩输入到发动机响应类型确定方案380中。
系统约束控制路径360确定对输入转矩的约束,所述约束包括可由变速器10反作用的最小和最大输入转矩(‘最小混合动力输入转矩’和‘最大混合动力输入转矩’)。基于对变速器10和第一与第二电机56、72的约束来确定最小和最大的输入转矩,该约束包括影响在当前循环期间变速器10对输入转矩反作用的能力的离合器转矩和电池功率限制。输入到系统约束控制路径360中的输入包括由加速踏板113测量的即时输出转矩请求(‘即时加速输出转矩请求’)和由制动踏板112测量的即时输出转矩请求(‘即时制动输出转矩请求’),这些即时输出转矩请求通过即时输出转矩整形过滤器(‘即时输出转矩整形’)362来与轴转矩响应类型结合并整形,以产生净即时输出转矩(‘净即时To’)和即时加速输出转矩(‘即时加速To’)。净即时输出转矩和即时加速输出转矩是输入到约束方案(‘输出和输入转矩约束’)364中的输入。输入到约束方案364中的其他输入包括变速器10的提前运行范围状态、即时提前输入加速度曲线、当前所应用的各离合器的提前即时离合器反作用转矩范围(‘提前即时最小/最大离合器反作用转矩’)和包括范围PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX的可用电池功率(‘电池功率限制’)。即时提前输入加速度曲线包括输入构件12的即时输入加速度曲线的时移提前,以适应即时输入加速度曲线中的指令变化和即时输入加速度曲线中的测得变化之间的响应时间滞后。提前即时离合器反作用转矩范围包括离合器的即时离合器反作用转矩范围的时移提前,以适应即时离合器转矩范围中的指令变化和即时离合器转矩范围中的测得变化之间的响应时间滞后。约束方案364确定用于变速器10的输出转矩范围,然后确定最小和最大的容许输入转矩(分别为‘最小混合动力输入转矩’和‘最大混合动力输入转矩’),这些容许输入转矩可以被变速器10基于前述输入而反作用。由于上述输入的变化,可以在正在进行的运行期间改变最小和最大的容许输入转矩,所述改变包括通过变速器14和第一与第二电机56、72实现的电功率再生而增加能量回收。
最小和最大的容许输入转矩被输入到发动机转矩转换计算器355中,并且在考虑到发动机14和变速器10之间所引入的寄生及其他载荷后被转换为最小和最大的发动机转矩(分别为‘最小混合动力发动机转矩’和‘最大混合动力发动机转矩’)。
过滤后目标发动机转矩、发动机状态机372的输出和最小与最大发动机转矩被输入到发动机响应类型确定方案380中,所述发动机响应类型确定方案380将发动机指令输入到ECM23中,用于控制发动机状态、即时发动机转矩请求和预测发动机转矩请求。所述发动机指令包括可以基于过滤后目标发动机转矩来确定的即时发动机转矩请求和预测发动机转矩请求。其他指令将发动机状态控制为发动机燃料供给状态和燃料切断的减速状态中的一种(‘FCO请求’),并且控制为汽缸失活状态和全缸状态中的一种(‘DEAC请求’)。另外的输出包括发动机响应类型。当过滤后目标发动机转矩处于最小和最大的发动机转矩之间的范围内时,发动机响应类型是消极的。当过滤后目标发动机转矩在最小和最大的发动机转矩(‘最小混合动力发动机转矩’)和(‘最大混合动力发动机转矩’)的约束之外、发动机响应类型为积极时,表示发动机转矩需要即时变化,例如,通过发动机火花控制和延迟来改变发动机转矩和输入转矩以落入最小和最大的发动机转矩的约束范围内。
图5描述了发动机状态控制方案370,包括发动机状态机372和过渡过滤器374。优选发动机状态被输入至发动机状态机372。发动机状态机372基于优选发动机状态选择和输出目标发动机状态与目标发动机转矩。
图6表示了示例性状态机的允许状态,包括多个主状态(‘状态0’,‘状态1’,‘状态2’,以及‘状态3’)和多个过渡状态(T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T12与T13)。在本实施例里,主状态和过渡状态优选地对应于发动机状态。正如这里描述的实施例所应用的,主状态包括:对应于被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态下的发动机运行的第一主状态(后文称为‘状态0’),对应于燃料切断的全缸发动机状态下的发动机运行的第二主状态(后文称为‘状态1’),对应于汽缸失活发动机状态的第三主状态(后文称为‘状态2’),以及对应于燃料切断的汽缸失活发动机状态下的发动机运行的第四主状态(后文称为‘状态3’)。对发动机状态机372的其它输入包括来自优化方案354的对于每个发动机状态的发动机转矩,它们从每个主状态的对应输入转矩转换而来。发动机状态机372输入对应于状态0的优选发动机转矩(‘全缸状态发动机转矩’),对应于状态1的发动机转矩(‘燃料切断的全缸状态的发动机转矩’),对应于状态2的优选发动机转矩(‘汽缸失活状态发动机转矩’),以及对应于状态3的发动机转矩(‘燃料切断的汽缸失活状态的发动机转矩’)。发动机状态机372进一步输入状态激活信息(‘激活位’)、当前或实际发动机状态(‘实际发动机状态’)以及过渡状态(‘过渡完成’)。
过渡过滤器374产生信号,包括指示特定发动机状态是否被激活的过渡状态,从而允许向其过渡。过渡过滤器374包括指示向目标发动机状态的过渡是否能够被完成的信息。
发动机状态机372确定和输出目标发动机状态,并发送信号,该信号指示汽缸失活状态的选择(‘选定DEAC’)并指示燃料切断状态的选择(‘选定FCO’)。而且,发动机状态机372确定并输出目标发动机转矩,包括对应目标发动机状态的发动机转矩。这包括即将来临的过渡发动机状态和对应的过渡发动机转矩,其遵循由状态机确定的过渡路径。
发动机状态机372包括例如图6所示的过渡路径,用于控制主状态之间的过渡,包括主状态之间的过渡状态。过渡路径包括:从被供给燃料的全缸状态到被供给燃料的汽缸失活状态(后文称为‘状态T4’)的过渡路径,从被供给燃料的汽缸失活状态到被供给燃料的全缸状态(后文称为‘状态T5’)的过渡路径,从被供给燃料的全缸状态到燃料切断的全缸状态(后文称为‘状态T6’)的过渡路径,从燃料切断的全缸状态到被供给燃料的全缸状态(后文称为‘状态T7’)的过渡路径,从被供给燃料的汽缸失活状态到燃料切断的汽缸失活状态(后文为‘状态T8’)的过渡路径,从燃料切断的汽缸失活状态到被供给燃料的汽缸失活状态(后文称为‘状态T9’)的过渡路径,从状态T8到燃料切断的全缸状态(后文称为‘状态T12’)的过渡路径,以及从状态T6到燃料切断的汽缸失活状态(后文称为‘状态T13’)的过渡路径。
发动机状态机372基于当前发动机状态和目标发动机状态选择优选过渡路径。如果激活信息显示优选过渡路径的过渡状态之一不可用,发动机状态机372能确定一个替代过渡路径。例如,发动机状态机372能确定状态3和状态0之间的优选过渡路径,包括从状态3到状态T9,然后到状态2,然后到状态T5,然后到状态0的过渡。然而,如果激活信息显示汽缸失活不可用,发动机状态机372能确定一个替代过渡路径,包括从状态3到状态T5,然后到状态0的过渡。
当处于过渡状态时,发动机状态机372连续监测优选发动机状态,从而能确定在两个过渡状态之间直接连接的过渡路径。例如,当状态为过渡状态T4时,如果发动机状态机372检测到优选发动机状态到状态0的变化,发动机状态机确定从状态T4到状态T5,以及从状态T5到状态0过渡的过渡路径。
过渡过滤器374包括一阶低通过滤器,以确定和管理发动机状态过渡期间的发动机转矩。该过滤器可以通过公式(1)描述:
其中y是过滤后目标发动机转矩;
u是目标发动机转矩;
t是经过的时间;
dT是采样时间,以及
T是过滤器时间常数。
过滤器时间常数T利用状态机372的状态、目标发动机转矩、优选发动机状态、过滤后目标发动机转矩以及实际发动机状态确定。通过利用输入确定过滤器时间常数T,过渡过滤器374的低通过滤器提供输入转矩在最小过渡时间内的变化,而不会在状态间的过渡期间引起突然的非预期的转矩变化。
根据公式(1),发动机转矩中的递增变化对于低通过滤器能被描述为y(t)-y(t-1),如公式(2)所示:
当过滤后目标发动机转矩y(t-1)逼近目标发动机转矩u(t)时,为了考虑发动机转矩递增变化的减少,通过提供发动机转矩的最小递增变化,低通过滤器偏离标准低通过滤器。响应于y(t)逼近u(t)时的斜变(ramp)率,该最小递增变化引起从低通过滤器的过渡,使得过渡时间更短。
过渡过滤器374递增地调节到目标发动机转矩,并输出过滤后目标发动机转矩,用于控制发动机14的运行。主状态激活信息包括‘过渡完成’,指示过滤后目标发动机转矩基本上与目标发动机转矩相符合,从而从当前发动机状态到目标发动机状态的过渡能发生。当发动机状态机372处于过渡状态T4,T5,T6,T7,T8,T9,T12,T13之一时,目标发动机状态和目标发动机转矩的选择得到协调。
当发动机状态机372为过渡状态T4和T13之一时,在发动机从全缸状态过渡到汽缸失活状态之前,过渡过滤器374递增地调节发动机转矩分别至状态2和3的优选发动机转矩。当状态机372处于过渡状态T5和T12之一时,状态机372首先将目标发动机状态从汽缸失活状态过渡到全缸状态,然后调节发动机转矩分别至主状态0和1的优选发动机转矩。
当发动机状态机372处于过渡状态T6和T8之一时,在发动机从燃料供给发动机状态过渡到燃料切断状态之前,过渡过滤器374递增地调节过滤后目标发动机转矩分别至状态1和3的优选发动机转矩。当状态机处于过渡状态T7和T9之一时,状态机372首先将目标发动机状态从燃料切断状态过渡到燃料供给状态,然后调节过滤后目标发动机转矩分别至主状态0和2的优选发动机转矩。
图7表示包括本文描述的系统的发动机状态和发动机转矩的示例性数据,描述了发动机状态过渡和相应的发动机转矩。第一个表600描述了从状态机372输出的状态602以及作为时段605期间的全缸状态和汽缸失活状态之一的发动机状态604。图7还示出了表620,该表描述了状态机372输出的目标发动机转矩622、以及对应于状态602在时段605期间从过渡过滤器372输出的过滤后目标发动机转矩624。
响应于从状态0到状态2的优选发动机状态的指令变化,发动机状态机372确定包括状态T4的状态602。状态602从主状态0过渡到状态T4。过滤后转矩622被使用上述公式1-2递增地调节,从主状态0的优选发动机转矩的目标发动机转矩620过渡到主状态2的优选发动机转矩的目标发动机转矩620。当过滤后目标发动机转矩622满足状态2的优选发动机转矩时,到主状态激活信息的过渡发送信号至发动机状态机372来过渡到状态2。由于HCP5和ECM23之间通讯的延迟,以及由于发动机14运行状态改变的延迟,实际汽缸失活可以在过渡至主状态2以及通过发动机状态机372输出汽缸失活状态指令后延迟100-200毫秒。
当发动机状态机372随后响应于从状态2到状态0的优选发动机状态变化而确定等于状态T5(未示出)的状态602时,状态602从状态2过渡到状态T5。在状态T5,从汽缸失活状态到全缸状态的过渡在100-200毫秒延迟后被指令和实现。过滤后转矩622被使用上述公式1-2递增地调节来在状态2的优选发动机转矩的目标发动机转矩620和状态0的优选转矩的目标发动机转矩620之间过渡。当过滤后目标发动机转矩622基本上与状态0的优选发动机转矩相符时,到主状态激活信息的过渡发送信号至发动机状态机372来从T5过渡到状态0。
已经基于特定优选实施例及其变形描述了本发明。通过阅读与理解本说明书可以做出进一步的修改与替换。因此,本发明不应限于实现本发明的预期最好模式的特定实施例,而应包括落在所附权利要求范围内的所有实施例。
Claims (19)
1.一种运行动力系系统的方法,所述动力系系统包括连接到混合动力变速器的多缸发动机,所述发动机选择性地运行于多个主发动机状态之一,来传递发动机转矩至所述混合动力变速器,所述方法包括:
监测驾驶员转矩请求;
确定优选主发动机状态和与所述优选主发动机状态相关联的优选发动机转矩;
确定从当前主发动机状态到所述优选主发动机状态的发动机状态过渡路径,所述发动机状态过渡路径包括发动机过渡状态;以及
执行当前主发动机状态和所述优选主发动机状态之间的所述发动机状态过渡路径,并调节发动机转矩至所述优选发动机转矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:在调节所述发动机转矩至与所述优选主发动机状态相关联的所述优选发动机转矩之后,将所述发动机过渡到所述优选主发动机状态。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发动机过渡状态包括燃料供给到燃料切断的过渡状态以及燃料切断到燃料供给的过渡状态之一。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发动机过渡状态包括汽缸失活到全缸的过渡状态以及全缸到汽缸失活的过渡状态之一。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述主发动机状态包括被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态、燃料切断的全缸发动机状态、被供给燃料的汽缸失活发动机状态、以及燃料切断的汽缸失活发动机状态。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将所述主发动机状态从被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态过渡到被供给燃料的汽缸失活发动机状态,这一过渡包括:
将所述发动机转矩从被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态下的优选发动机转矩过渡到被供给燃料的汽缸失活状态下的优选发动机转矩,以及然后
停用部分发动机汽缸。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将所述主发动机状态从被供给燃料的汽缸失活发动机状态过渡到被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态,这一过渡包括:
激活被停用的发动机汽缸;以及然后
将所述发动机转矩从被供给燃料的汽缸失活状态下的优选发动机转矩过渡到被供给燃料的全缸状态下的优选发动机转矩。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将所述主发动机状态从被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态过渡到不被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态,这一过渡包括:
将所述发动机转矩从被供给燃料的全缸状态下的优选发动机转矩过渡到燃料切断的全缸状态中的发动机转矩;以及然后
停止发动机燃料供给。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将所述主发动机状态从不被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态过渡到被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态,这一过渡包括:
激活发动机燃料供给;以及
然后将发动机转矩从不被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态下的发动机转矩过渡到被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态下的优选发动机转矩。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
基于与所述优选主发动机状态相关联的所述优选发动机转矩,确定目标发动机转矩;
对所述目标发动机转矩进行过滤;以及
基于过滤后目标发动机转矩控制所述发动机转矩。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括从对所述目标发动机转矩进行过滤过渡到斜变所述目标发动机转矩,以及基于斜变后的目标发动机转矩控制所述发动机转矩。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,对目标发动机转矩进行过滤包括使用过滤时间常数,该过滤时间常数基于状态机的状态、所述目标发动机转矩、优选发动机状态、实际发动机状态、以及过滤后目标发动机转矩中的至少一个确定。
13、一种运行动力系系统的方法,所述动力系系统包括连接到混合动力变速器的发动机,所述发动机选择性地运行于多个发动机状态之一,来传递发动机转矩至所述混合动力变速器,所述方法包括:
以第一优选发动机状态以及对应于所述第一优选发动机状态的第一运行转矩运行所述发动机;
确定驾驶员转矩请求;
基于所述驾驶员转矩请求确定第二优选发动机状态;以及
将所述发动机从第一优选发动机状态过渡到第二优选发动机状态,这一过渡包括:确定状态机的状态,状态机的状态包括主发动机状态和用于过渡至所述第二优选发动机状态的过渡发动机状态;以及基于发动机状态调节发动机转矩。
14、根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
当将所述发动机过渡至所述第二优选发动机状态时,选择所述第一优选发动机状态,以及
将所述发动机过渡至所述第一优选发动机状态。
15、根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
当发动机转矩被调节到与所述第二优选发动机状态相关联的优选发动机转矩时,在所述第二优选发动机状态下运行所述发动机。
16、根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述主发动机状态对应于被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态、不被供给燃料的全缸发动机状态、被供给燃料的汽缸失活发动机状态、以及不被供给燃料的汽缸失活发动机状态之一。
17、一种运行动力系系统的方法,所述动力系系统包括连接到混合动力变速器的发动机,所述发动机选择性地运行于多个发动机状态之一,来传递发动机转矩至所述混合动力变速器,所述方法包括:
以第一发动机状态以及对应于所述第一发动机状态的第一运行转矩运行所述发动机;
确定当前的驾驶员转矩请求;
确定优选发动机状态和对应于所述优选发动机状态的优选发动机转矩;以及
确定从所述第一发动机状态和所述优选发动机状态过渡所述发动机的优选过渡路径。
18、根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
响应所述驾驶员转矩请求,基于与运行所述动力系系统相关的运行成本,确定对应于每个所述发动机状态的优选发动机转矩。
19、根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
在调节所述发动机转矩至与所述优选发动机状态相关联的所述优选发动机转矩之后,将所述发动机过渡至所述优选发动机状态。
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CN101497337B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
US8131437B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
US20090118937A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
EP2055574A2 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
EP2055574B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
EP2055574A3 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
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