CN101493143A - 用于确定混合变速器中输入速度加速度限值的方法 - Google Patents

用于确定混合变速器中输入速度加速度限值的方法 Download PDF

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CN101493143A
CN101493143A CNA2008102098780A CN200810209878A CN101493143A CN 101493143 A CN101493143 A CN 101493143A CN A2008102098780 A CNA2008102098780 A CN A2008102098780A CN 200810209878 A CN200810209878 A CN 200810209878A CN 101493143 A CN101493143 A CN 101493143A
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maximum
moment
parameter
torsion
minimum
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CN101493143B (zh
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T·-M·谢
A·H·希普
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/102Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts the input or output shaft of the transmission is connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

用于确定混合变速器中输入速度加速度限值的方法,其涉及一种传动系统,包括在输入部件、第一与第二扭矩机械及输出部件之间有效传送动力的变速器。第一和第二扭矩机械连接到储能装置上,并且变速器可操作在连续可变工作档位状态下。用于控制传动系统的方法包括,选择用于所述传动系统的独立可控参数、确定用于第一和第二扭矩机械的最大和最小的电机扭矩约束并且确定用于储能装置的最大和最小的功率约束、确定用于传动系统的所述独立可控参数的最大和最小状态,并且基于用于传动系统的所述独立可控参数的最大和最小状态、用于第一和第二扭矩机械的最大和最小电机扭矩约束和用于储能装置的最大和最小功率约束来确定关注参数的有效工作范围。

Description

用于确定混合变速器中输入速度加速度限值的方法
相关申请的参见
[0001]本申请要求2007年11月3日申请的美国临时申请US 60/985,226的受益权,在此以参见方式将其引入。
技术领域
[0002]本发明属于用于电-机械变速器的控制系统。
背景技术
[0003]在本部分中的陈述仅提供与所公开的内容相关的背景资料并且可能不构成现有技术。
[0004]已知的传动系的结构包括扭矩产生装置(包括内燃机和扭矩机械),其通过变速器将扭矩传递到输出部件上。一个示例性的传动系包括双模式、复合分解、电-机械变速器,其使用一输入部件和一输出部件,所述输入部件用于接收来自主动力源(优选为内燃机)的运动扭矩。输出部件可操作地连接到机动车的一动力传动系统上用于传递牵引扭矩。电机(用作电机或发电机)向变速器产生与来自内燃机的扭矩输入无关的一扭矩输入。电机可以将车辆的动能(通过车辆的传动系统传递的)转换为可储存在一电能存储装置中的电能。控制系统监控来自车辆和操作者的不同输入,并且提供传动系的操作控制,包括控制变速器的工作状态和换档,控制扭矩产生装置并调节电能存储装置和电机之间的电能互换以管理变速器的输出(包括扭矩和转速)。
发明内容
[0005]传动系统包括在输入部件及第一与第二扭矩机械(torque machine)和输出部件之间有效地传送动力的变速器。第一和第二扭矩机械连接到储能装置上,并且变速器可操作在连续变动的工作档位状态下。一种用于控制传动系统的方法包括,选择用于所述传动系统的独立可控参数、确定用于第一和第二扭矩机械的最大和最小的电机扭矩约束并且确定用于储能装置的最大和最小的功率约束、确定用于传动系统的所述独立可控的参数的最大和最小状态,并且基于用于传动系统的所述独立可控的参数的最大和最小状态、用于第一和第二扭矩机械的最大和最小电机扭矩约束和用于储能装置的最大和最小功率约束来确定关注参数的有效工作范围(achievable operating range for a parameter ofinterest)。
附图说明
[0006]现在将(例如)参照附图来描述一个或多个实施例,其中:
[0007]图1是本发明的示例性传动系的示意图;
[0008]图2是用于本发明的控制系统和传动系的一示例性结构的示意图;和
[0009]图3-6是本发明的图解图。
具体实施方式
[0010]现在参照附图,其中所示仅是用于图解某些示例性实施例的,而不是用于对其限制。图1和2描述了一示例性的混合传动系。图1中描述了本发明的示例性混合传动系,包括双模式,复合分解,电动机械混合式变速器10,可操作地连接到发动机14和包括第一和第二电机(‘MG-A’)56和(‘MG-B’)72的扭矩机械上。发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72各产生可以传输到变速器10中的机械动力。由发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72所产生并且传输到变速器10中的动力被描述为输入和电机扭矩,此处分别相当于TI、TA和TB,并且此处的速度分别被称为NI、NA和NB
[0011]示例性发动机14包括有选择地在几种状态下运行以经过输入轴12将扭矩传递到变速器10上的多缸式内燃机,并且可以是点燃式或者压燃式发动机。发动机14包括可操作地连接到变速器10的输入轴12上的一曲轴(未显示)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。由于在发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上布置了扭矩消耗部件(例如,液压泵(未显示)和/或扭矩管理装置(未显示)),所以来自发动机14的动力输出(包括转速和发动机扭矩)不同于变速器10的输入速度NI和输入扭矩TI
[0012]示例性变速器10包括三个行星齿轮装置24、26与28,和四个有选择地啮合的扭矩传递装置,即,离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75。如此处所使用的,离合器是指任何种类的摩擦扭矩传递装置(例如,包括单板或复板离合器或组件、带式离合器和制动器)。优选通过一传动控制模块(下面称为‘TCM’)17控制的液压控制回路(‘HYD’)42来有效控制离合器的状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选包括应用液压型的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选包括可以有选择地档接至(grounded to)变速箱68的液压控制的固定装置。各离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75优选为应用液压的、经过液压控制回路42有选择地接收液压流体。
[0013]第一和第二电机56和72优选包括三相交流电机,其各包括一定子(未显示)和一转子(未显示),和相应的分相器80和82。用于各机器的电机定子档接至变速箱68的外面部分,并且包括定子铁芯,该定子铁芯具有在其中延伸的盘绕绕组。用于快速电机56的转子经过第二行星齿轮装置26支承在毂衬齿轮上,所述毂衬齿轮可操作地附着到轴60上。用于第二电机72的转子固定地附着到一筒形轴毂66上。
[0014]各分相器80和82优选包括可变磁阻装置,该可变磁阻装置包括分相器定子(未显示)和分相器转子(未显示)。分相器80和82被恰当地定位并且组装在第一和第二电机56和72中相应的一个上。分相器80和82中的一个相应的定子可操作地连接到用于第一和第二电机56和72中的一个定子上。分相器转子可操作地连接到用于相应的第一和第二电机56和72的转子上。各分相器80和82信号地并且可操作地连接到一变速器功率逆变器控制模块(下面称为‘TPIM’)19上,并且分别检测和监控分相器转子相对于分相器定子的旋转位置,从而监控第一和第二电机56和72中的相应的一个的旋转位置。另外,来自分相器80和82的输出信号被解译以分别为第一和第二电机56和72提供转速(即,NA和NB)。
[0015]变速器10包括输出部件64(例如,轴),所述输出部件可操作地连接到车辆(未显示)的传动系统上以向传动系统90提供传递到车轮93上的动力输出,在图1中显示了一个车轮。输出部件64的动力输出表示为输出转速NO和输出扭矩TO。变速器输出轴的转速传感器84监控输出部件64的转速和转向。各车轮93优选配备有适合监控车轮转速的传感器94,通过图2所描述的分布式控制模块的一控制模块来监控所述传感器的输出,以确定车辆的速度和用于刹车控制、离合器操纵与车辆加速度管理的绝对及相对的车轮转速。
[0016]来自发动机14的输入扭矩和来自第一与第二电机56与72的电机扭矩(分别为TI、TA和TB)是由来自燃料或存储在电能存储装置(下面称为‘ESD’)74中的电势的能量转换所产生的。ESD 74经过直流(DC)传输导线27高压直流耦合到TPIM 19上。传输导线27包括一接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常条件下,电流可以在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间流动。当接触器开关38断开时,在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间流动的电流被切断。TPIM 19通过传输导线29往返于第一电机56来传输电能,并且TPIM 19同样通过传输导线31往返于第二电机72来传输电能,以满足第一和第二电机56和72响应电机扭矩指令TA和TB的扭矩指令。根据ESD 74充电或放电来向ESD 74传输电流或从ESD 74中输出电流。
[0017]TPIM 19包括一对功率逆变器(未显示)和相应的电机控制模块(未显示),所述电机控制模块构造成接收电机扭矩指令和控制转换状态以用于提供满足所指令的电机扭矩TA和TB的电机驱动或再生功能。功率逆变器包括已知的互补的三相功率电子装置,并且各包括多个用于将来自ESD 74的直流电功率转换为用于给第一和第二电机56和72中相应的一个供给功率的交流电的绝缘栅双极晶体管(未显示)。绝缘栅双极晶体管形成了构造成接收控制指令的一开关式功率源。一般每个三相电机的各相有一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态以提供电机驱动机械功率的产生或电力再生功能。三相逆变器经过直流传输导线27接收或供应直流电功率,并且将所述直流电功率转换为三相交流电功率或者由交流电功率转换为直流电功率,其经过传输导线29和31传导到第一和第二电机56和72中或从其中传导出来以分别用作电机或发电机。
[0018]图2是分布式控制模块系统的示意性方框图。在下文中所描述的元件包括总车辆控制结构的子集合,并且提供了图1中所描述的示例性混合传动系的坐标控制系统。分布式控制模块系统综合相应的信息和输入,并且执行算法以控制不同的致动器来实现控制目标,包括与燃料经济性、排放物、性能、操纵性能和硬件(包括ESD 74和第一与第二电机56与72的电池)的保护装置有关的目标。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(下面称为‘ECM’)23、TCM 17、电池组控制模块(下面称为‘BPCM’)21、刹车控制模块(下面称为‘BrCM’)22和TPIM 19。混合控制模块(下面称为‘HCP’)5提供了ECM 23、TCM 17、BPCM 21、BrCM 22和TPIM 19的监控控制和协调系统。用户界面(‘UI’)13可操作地连接到多个装置上,通过该用户界面,车辆操作者控制或直接操作电动机械混合传动系。所述装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’)、操作者刹车踏板112(‘BP’)、变速器档位选择器114(‘PKNDL’)和车辆速度巡航操纵(未显示)。变速器档位选择器114可能具有多个离散的操作者可选位置,包括输出部件64的转动方向以按一个向前的方向和相反方向转动。
[0019]上述控制模块经过局域网(下面称为‘LAN’)总线6与油液控制模块、传感器和致动器进行通讯。局域网总线6考虑到不同控制模块之间的工作参数的状态和致动器指令信号的组织通讯。特定的应用使用特定的通信协议。局域网总线6和适当的协议在上述控制模块及提供包括(例如)防抱死、牵引力调节和车辆稳定性功能的其他控制模块之间提供了鲁棒信息和多重控制模块接口。可以使用多条通信总线来改善通信速度并且提供某些程度的信号冗余度和完整性。还可以使用直接耦合(例如,串行外围接口(‘SPT’)总线(未显示))来实现分级控制模块之间的通讯。
[0020]HCP 5提供了用来协调ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19和BPCM 21的运行的混合传动系的监控控制系统。基于来自用户界面13和混合传动系(包括ESD 74)的不同输入信号,HCP 5确定不同的指令,包括:操作者的扭矩请求、传输到动力传动系统90上的输出扭矩指令(‘To_cmd’)、发动机输入扭矩指令、用于变速器10的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的扭矩传输的离合器扭矩(‘TCL’);和用于第一和第二电机56和72的扭矩指令TA和TB。TCM 17可操作地连接到液压控制回路42上,并且提供包括监控不同的压力传感器装置(未显示)和产生及传输控制信号给不同的电磁线圈(未显示),从而控制容纳在液压控制回路42内部的压力开关和控制阀的不同功能。
[0021]ECM 23可操作地连接到发动机14上,并且用于获得来自传感器数据并通过多个分散线路(为简单起见,显示为一集成的双向接口电缆35)来控制发动机14的致动器。ECM 23接收来自HCP 5的发动机的输入扭矩指令。ECM 23基于所监控到(传输到HCP 5)的发动机转速和负荷来确定在该时间点提供给变速器10的发动机的实际输入扭矩TI。ECM 23监控来自转速传感器11的输入以确定传输到输入轴12上的发动机的输入速度,所述输入速度被转换为变速器的输入速度NI。ECM 23监控来自传感器(未显示)的输入以确定发动机的其他工作参数(例如,包括歧管压力、发动机冷却温度、环境温度和环境压力)的状态。例如,可以根据歧管压力或者监控人员向加速踏板113的输入来确定发动机的负荷。ECM 23产生并传输指令信号以控制发动机的致动器,(例如)包括燃料喷射器、点火模块和节气门控制模块(均未显示)。
[0022]TCM 17可操作地连接到变速器10上,并且监控来自传感器(未显示)的输入以确定变速器的工作参数的状态。TCM 17产生并传输指令信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM 17输入到HCP 5的输入包括用于各离合器(即,C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75)的离合器估计扭矩和输出部件64的输出速度NO。为了控制的目的,可以使用其它致动器和传感器来从TCM 17向HCP 5提供辅助信息。如下文所描述的,TCM 17监控来自压力开关(未显示)的输入并且有选择地致动压力控制电磁线圈(未显示)和液压控制回路42的换档电磁线圈(未显示)以有选择地致动不同的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75以获得不同的变速器工作档位状态。
[0023]BPCM 21信号连接到传感器(未显示)上以监控ESD 74来向HCP5提供ESD 74的电池的参数状态(包括电流和电压参数的状态)的信息指示。电池的参数状态优选包括电池的充电状态、电池电压、电池温度和可获得的电池功率(称为PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX的范围)。
[0024]制动器的控制模块(下面称为‘BrCM’)22可操作地连接到各车轮93的磨擦制动器(未显示)上。BrCM 22监控操作者向制动踏板112的输入并且产生控制信号以控制磨擦制动器并向HCP 5发送一控制信号以基于该控制信号来操作第一和第二电机56和72。
[0025]各控制模块ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19、BPCM 21和BrCM 22优选为包括微处理器或中央处理器、存储介质、输入/输出电路与装置(‘I/O’)和适当的信号调节及缓冲电路的通用数字计算机,所述存储介质包括只读存储器(‘ROM’)、随机存取存储器(‘RAM’)、高速时钟、模拟-数字(‘A/D′)和数字-模拟(‘数字-模拟′)(‘D/A’)电路。各控制模块具有一套控制算法,包括保存在一个存储介质中并且执行来提供各计算机的相应功能的常驻程序指令和标定。控制模块之间的信息传输优选使用局域网(LAN)总线6和SPI总线来完成。在预置循环期间执行控制算法以便至少在各循环周期至少执行一次各算法。使用预置标定,通过一个中央处理器来执行保存在固定存储器装置中的算法以监控来自传感器的输入并且执行控制和诊断程序以控制致动器的运行。在混合传动系正在运行的工作期间每隔一定间隔(例如,每隔3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒)来执行一次循环。另外,可以响应事件的发生来执行算法。
[0026]示例性混合传动系有选择地按描述为发动机状态和变速器工作档位状态的几种状态下的一种来运行,所述发动机状态包括发动机启动状态(‘ON’)和发动机停机状态(‘OFF’)中的一种,所述变速器工作档位状态包括多个固定档位和连续变动的操作方式,参照以下的表1所述。
表1
  种类   发动机状态   变速器工作档位状态   应用的离合器
  M1_Eng_Off   OFF   EVT模式1   C1 70
  M1_Eng_On   ON   EVT模式1   C1 70
  G1   ON   固定传动比1   C1 70 C4 75
  G2   ON   固定传动比2   C1 70 C2 62
  M2_Eng_Off   OFF   EVT模式2   C2 62
  M2_Eng_On   ON   EVT模式2   C2 62
  G3   ON   固定传动比3   C2 62 C4 75
  G4   ON   固定传动比4   C2 62 C3 73
  空档   ON   空档   -
[0027]在表格中描述了各变速器的工作档位状态,并且指出了具体的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75中的哪一个用于各工作档位状态。通过仅应用离合器C1 70来选用第一连续可变模式(即,EVT模式1或M1),以便“档接”第三行星齿轮装置28的外部齿轮部件。发动机状态可以是运行(ON)(‘M1_Eng_On’)或停机(OFF)(‘M1_Eng_OfF’)中的一种。通过仅应用离合器C262以将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮装置28的托架来选用第二连续可变模式(即,EVT模式2或M2)。发动机状态可以是ON(‘M2_Eng_On’)或OFF(‘M2_Eng_OfF’)中的一种。为了该类目的,当发动机状态为OFF时,发动机输入速度为零转/每分钟(‘RPM’),即,发动机曲轴不转动。固定档位运行提供了变速器10的输入与输出速度(即,NI/NO)的一固定传动比操作。通过应用离合器C1 70和C4 75来选用第一固定传动比操作(‘G1’)。通过应用离合器C1 70和C2 62来选用第二固定传动比操作(‘G2’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C4 75来选用第三固定传动比操作(‘G3’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C3 73来选用第四固定传动比操作(‘G4’)。由于在行星齿轮24、26和28中已经减小了传动比,所以输入与输出速度的固定传动比操作随着所增大的固定传动比操作而增大。第一和第二电机56和72的转速(分别为NA和NB)取决于由离合器所限定的机械的内部旋转并且与在输入轴12处所测得的输入速度成正比。
[0028]如通过用户界面13所收集的,为响应经过加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入,HCP 5和一个或多个其他控制模块确定扭矩指令以控制扭矩致动器来满足在输出部件64处产生操作者用于传递到动力传动系统90上的扭矩请求。扭矩致动器优选包括扭矩产生装置(例如,发动机14)和扭矩机械,所述扭矩机械在该实施例中包括第一和第二电机56和72。扭矩致动器还优选包括扭矩传递装置,在该实施例中包括变速器10。如下文所描述的,基于来自用户界面13和混合传动系(包括ESD 74)的不同输入信号,HCP 5确定操作者的扭矩请求、从变速器10到动力传动系统90的指令输出扭矩、来自发动机14的输入扭矩、用于变速器10的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的扭矩传递的离合器扭矩;和分别用于第一和第二电机56和72的电机扭矩。
[0029]最后,车辆的加速度可能受其他因素(例如,包括道路负载、道路坡度和车辆质量)的影响。基于混合传动系的工作特性来确定发动机状态和变速器工作档位状态。如前所述,这包括通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传输到用户界面13中的操作者的扭矩请求。可以根据一指令所引起的混合传动系的扭矩请求来确定变速器工作档位状态和发动机状态,以在电能生成模式或扭矩产生模式中运行第一和第二电机56和72。可以通过最优化算法或程序来确定变速器工作档位状态和发动机状态,所述算法或程序基于操作者对功率的要求、电池充电状态和发动机14与第一及第二电机56及72的能量效率来确定系统的最佳效率。控制系统基于执行优化程序的结果管理来自发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72的扭矩输入,并且优化系统效率,从而管理燃料经济性和蓄电池充电。此外,可以基于部件或系统中的故障来确定操作。HCP 5监控扭矩产生装置,并且确定来自输出部件64处的变速器10的动力输出,当满足传动系其他的运行(例如,ESD 74的充电)要求时,要求所述动力输出满足操作者的扭矩请求。如在上述说明中所显而易见的,ESD 74和第一与第二电机56与72被可操作地电力耦合在一起以用于它们之间的功率流通。此外,用可操作的机械方法将发动机14,第一与第二电机56与72和电-机械变速器10连接在一起来实现它们之间的功率转换以向输出部件64产生功率流。
[0030]图3显示了用于控制和管理具有多个扭矩产生装置的混合传动系统中的信号流的一控制系统结构,在下文中参照图1和2的混合传动系统来描述,并且以可执行的算法和标定的形式常驻于上述控制模块中。所述控制系统的结构适用于具有多个扭矩产生装置的备选的混合传动系统,例如,包括具有发动机和单个电机的混合传动系统、具有发动机和多个电机的混合传动系统。另外,所述混合传动系统可以使用非电动的扭矩产生机器和储能装置,例如,使用液压能的扭矩机械(未显示)的液力机械混合式变速器。
[0031]在操作中,监控操作者向加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入来确定操作者的扭矩请求。操作者向加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入包括可分别确定操作者扭矩请求的输入,其包括加速器实时输出扭矩请求(‘OutputTorque Request Accel Immed’)、加速器预计输出扭矩请求(‘Output Torque RequestAccel Prdtd’)、制动器实时输出扭矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Immed’)、制动器预计输出扭矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Prdtd’)和反应型轴扭矩(‘Axle Torque Response Type’)。如此处所使用的,术语“加速器”是指当变速器档位选择器114的操作者选用位置指令车辆按前进方向行驶时操作者请求用于引起车速在当前车速上增加的前冲力。术语“减速度”和“制动器”是指引起车速从当前车速下降的操作者的请求。实时加速器输出扭矩请求、预计加速器输出扭矩请求、实时制动器输出扭矩请求、预计制动器输出扭矩请求和反应型轴扭矩是单独输入到控制系统中的。另外,监控发动机14和变速器10的运行以确定输入速度(NI)和输出速度(NO)。
[0032]实时加速器输出扭矩请求包括基于操作者向加速踏板113的输入所确定的实时扭矩请求。控制系统响应实时加速器输出扭矩请求控制来自混合传动系统的输出扭矩以引起车辆的正加速度。实时制动器输出扭矩请求包括基于操作者向制动踏板112的输入所确定的实时制动请求。控制系统响应实时制动器输出扭矩请求控制来自混合传动系统的输出扭矩以引起车辆的减速度或负加速度。将通过控制来自混合传动系统的输出扭矩所产生的车辆减速度与车辆制动系统降低车辆速度所产生的减速度结合在一起以获得实时的制动请求。
[0033]基于当前操作者向加速踏板113的输入来确定实时的加速器输出扭矩请求,并且优选包括在输出部件64处产生一实时的输出扭矩以给车辆加速的请求。实时的传动系加速器输出扭矩请求是未定型的,但是可以通过在传动系控制之外影响车辆运行的事件来定型。所述事件包括传动系控制中用于防抱死的车辆程度中止、牵引力调节和车辆稳定性控制,其可以被用于形成或限制实时加速器输出扭矩请求。
[0034]基于操作者向加速踏板113的输入来确定预计的加速器输出扭矩请求,并且包括在输出部件64处的最优或优选输出扭矩。在正常工作状态期间(例如,当未指令防抱死、牵引力控制或车辆稳定性中的任何一个时),预计的加速器输出扭矩请求优选等于实时的加速器输出扭矩请求。当指令防抱死、牵引力控制或车辆稳定性中的任何一个时,预计的加速器输出扭矩请求保持具有实时加速器输出扭矩请求的优选输出扭矩响应与防抱死、牵引力控制或车辆稳定性控制有关的输出扭矩指令而减小。
[0035]基于操作者向制动踏板112的输入和控制磨擦制动器以产生磨擦制动力矩的控制信号来确定实时的制动器输出扭矩请求。
[0036]预计的制动器输出扭矩请求包括在输出部件64处响应操作者向制动踏板112的输入而承受容许在输出部件64处产生的与操作者向制动踏板112的输入无关的一最大的制动器输出扭矩的一最优的或优选的制动器输出扭矩。在一个实施例中,在输出部件64处产生的最大制动器输出扭矩被限制为0.2g。当车辆速度接近零而与操作者向制动踏板112的输入无关时,可以将预计的制动器输出扭矩请求逐步减小到零。如用户愿意,可以存在预计的制动器输出扭矩请求被设置为零的工作条件,例如,当操作者将变速器档位选择器114设置为倒档,并且当分动箱(未显示)设置为四轮驱动的低档位时。由于车辆的运行因数,预计的制动器输出扭矩请求被设置为零的工作条件不是优选混合制动的工作条件。
[0037]反应型的轴扭矩包括用于定型和限制通过第一和第二电机56和72的输出扭矩的一输入状态。用于反应型轴扭矩的所述输入状态可以是一工作状态(优选包括一个易于限制的状态或最大范围的状态)和一待用状态。当所指令的反应型轴扭矩为工作状态时,输出扭矩指令为实时的输出扭矩。优选,尽可能快地响应该反应型的扭矩。
[0038]混合制动扭矩包括在车轮93上产生的磨擦制动力矩和在输出部件64上产生的输出扭矩的综合,所述制动扭矩与动力传动系统90作用以响应操作者向制动踏板112输入来降低车辆的速度。BrCM 22指令车轮93上的磨擦制动器施加制动力并且产生用于变速器10的一指令以响应实时制动请求来产生与动力传动系统90作用的一负的输出扭矩。优选可以减小所施加的制动力和负的扭矩输出并且将车辆停下来,只要它们足以克服车轮93上的车辆运动能量。负的输出扭矩与动力传动系统90作用,从而向电-机械变速器10和发动机14传递扭矩。可以将通过电-机械变速器10作用的负的输出扭矩传递到第一和第二电机56和72上以产生用于存储在ESD 74中的电功率。
[0039]战略性的优化控制方案(‘Strategic Control’)310基于输出速度和操作者的扭矩请求并基于混合传动系的其他工作参数(包括电池功率的限值和发动机14、变速器10和第一与第二电机56与72的响应极限)来确定优选输入速度(‘Ni_Des’)和优选发动机状态及变速器工作档位状态(‘Hybrid Range StateDes’)。将预计的加速器输出扭矩请求和预计的制动器输出扭矩请求输入到该战略性的优化控制方案310中。在每100毫秒的循环周期和每25毫秒循环周期期间,优选通过HCP 5来执行所述战略性的优化控制方案310。将用于变速器10的期望工作档位状态和从发动机14到变速器10的期望输入速度输入到换档实施和发动机启/停的控制方案320中。
[0040]所述的换档实施和发动机启/停控制方案320指令(‘TransmissionCommands’)在变速器运行方面进行变化,包括基于传动系统的输入和运行来改变工作档位状态。如果优选的工作档位状态不同于通过其他变速器指令来指令输入部件12的加速度方面发生变化的当前工作范围,则这包括指令执行变速器工作档位状态方面的变化。可以确定当前工作档位状态(‘Hybrid Range StateActual’)和输入速度的分布图(‘Ni_Prof’)。输入速度的分布图是即将来临的输入速度的估计并且优选包括一标量参数值,其是用于即将来到的循环周期的一目标输入速度。此外,可以确定输入部件12的优选加速度变化率。如此处所描述地来确定所述优选的加速度变化率(包括实时的输入加速度分布图和预计的输入加速度分布图)。
[0041]在一个控制循环期间重复执行战术性的控制方案(‘TacticalControl and Operation’)330以确定用于操纵发动机14的发动机指令(‘EngineCommands’),包括基于输出速度的从发动机14到变速器10的一优选的输入扭矩、输入速度和操作者的扭矩请求,所述扭矩请求包括实时的加速器输出扭矩请求、预计的加速器输出扭矩请求、实时的制动器输出扭矩请求、预计的制动器输出扭矩请求、反应型的轴扭矩和用于变速器的当前工作档位状态。发动机指令还包括发动机状态,其包括全部气缸都工作的状态与气缸停用的工作状态下的一种以及包括供给燃料状态与停供燃料状态下的一种,在所述停用工作状态下,一部分发动机气缸被停用并且停供燃料。优选在ECM 23中确定包括发动机14的优选输入扭矩和在发动机14和输入部件12之间起作用的当前输入扭矩(‘Ti’)的发动机指令。优选在TCM 17中估算用于(包括目前应用的离合器和未应用的离合器)各离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的离合器扭矩(‘Tcl’)。
[0042]执行一输出扭矩和电机扭矩的确定方案(‘Output and MotorTorque Determination’)340来确定来自传动系的优选输出扭矩(‘To_cmd’)。在该实施例中,这包括通过控制第一和第二电机56和72来确定向变速器10的输出部件64传输一净指令的输出扭矩(其满足操作者的扭矩请求)的电机扭矩指令(‘TA′,‘TB′)。输入实时的加速器输出扭矩请求、实时的制动器输出扭矩请求、来自发动机14的当前输入扭矩和估计应用的离合器扭矩、变速器10的当前工作档位状态、输入速度、输入速度分布图和反应型的轴扭矩。在一个循环周期的每一次重复期间,执行输出扭矩和电机扭矩的确定方案340以确定电机扭矩指令。输出扭矩和电机扭矩的确定方案340包括算法代码,在6.25毫秒和12.5毫秒的循环周期的期间内定期执行所述算法代码以确定优选的电机扭矩指令。
[0043]当操作者所选用的变速器档位选择器114的位置指令车辆按前进方向行驶时,响应操作者向加速踏板113的输入来控制混合传动系向输出部件64传递输出扭矩以与动力传动系统90作用而在车轮93上产生牵引扭矩向前推动车辆。同样,当操作者所选用的变速器档位选择器114的位置指令车辆按倒退方向行驶时,响应操作者向加速踏板113的输入来控制混合传动系向输出部件64传递输出扭矩以与动力传动系统90作用而在车轮93上产生牵引扭矩向相反方向推动车辆。优选的是,只要输出扭矩足以克服车辆上的外部负荷(例如,由于道路的坡度而产生的气动负荷及其他负荷),就能推动车辆而引起车辆的加速度。
[0044]操作所述传动系统包括在工作档位状态之间的变速器换档操作,所述换档操作可以包括在换档和控制发动机运行期间变换到一个或多个中间工作档位状态以获得目标输入速度。从当前速度变换到目标输入速度的能力可以包括执行算法以确定一有效的或优选的输入部件的加速度变化率,例如包括实时输入加速度分布的一个优选的加速度变化率。这包括独立地选择用于控制通过传动系统传输动力的可控参数。基于来自第一和第二扭矩机械(例如,在一个实施例中的第一和第二电机56和72)的输出扭矩来导出用于输入部件的加速度变化率的参数方程。执行所述算法以同时求解参数方程并且确定用于输入部件的一优选的加速度变化率。可以控制发动机14的运行来获得用于输入部件12的优选的加速度变化率。控制发动机14和变速器10以在输出部件64上产生由发动机14、电机56与72、蓄电装置74和离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73与C4 75的功率、扭矩和速度极值所约束的输出扭矩。可以将发动机14和变速器10上的运行约束转换为在一个控制模块(例如,HCP 5)中按一个或多个算法来执行的一套系统约束方程。
[0045]建立所述参数方程(可作为算法代码来执行)来完成研究结果,此处参照用于图1、2和3所示的传动系统的独立可控的扭矩参数来描述。参数方程优选描述成TM1、TM2和TM3的形成。为了描述所述传动系统,可以基于用于第一和第二电机56和72的电机扭矩来建立参数扭矩方程TM1、TM2、TM3
[0046]可以如下来建立参数方程。
TM1=TAtoTM1*TA+TBtoTM1*TB+Misc_TM1          [1]
TM2=TAtoTM2*TA+TBtoTM2*TB+Misc_TM2          [2]
TM3=TAtoTM3*TA+TBtoTM3*TB+Misc_TM3          [3]
其中TAtoTM1,TAtoTM2和TAtoTM3分别是TA对TM1,TM2,TM3起作用的因子,
TBtoTM1,TBtoTM2和TBtoTM3分别是TB对TM1、TM2、TM3起作用的因子,
Misc_TM1、Misc_TM2和Misc_TM3是不变的,其对TM1、TM2、TM3起作用而不受TA、TB的影响,TM1、TM2和TM3参数是如输入部件12的速度中的时间-速度变化,输出部件64中的时间-速度变化,和取决于所应用的扭矩传递离合器C170、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的滑转速度,和
TA和TB是来自第一和第二电机56和72的电机扭矩。
[0047]如下的其他术语在任何时刻都是不变的:
Misc_Tm1:是TM1乘上除TA、TB、TM1、TM2和TM3之外的其他变量的值,
Misc_Tm2:是TM2乘上除TA、TB、TM1、TM2和TM3之外的其他变量的值,和
Misc_Tm3:是TM3乘上除TA、TB、TM1、TM2和TM3之外的其他变量的值。
[0048]第一个参数方程(即,方程1)受建立成方程2和方程3的参数方程TM2和TM3的约束。从而,可以基于由方程2和3所规定的限制来确定用于方程1的一的有效工作范围。可以基于电机扭矩约束、电池约束和方程2和3中所描述的其他约束来研究方程1中所描述的参数方程TM1以确定受参数方程TM2和TM3中描述的扭矩约束影响的一范围,所述范围包括最大和最小参数。
[0049]在所描述的系统中,确定输入部件12的最小和最大的加速度变化率是有益的,其在换档期间是很重要的。其他的系统参数可以包括输出扭矩TO、输入扭矩TI、根据变速器工作档位状态来用于通过所选用的一个传递扭矩的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75所传递的反应扭矩的离合器扭矩TC1、TC2、TC3与TC4,和输出部件64的加速度(‘Nodot’)及离合器的滑转速度的加速度变化率(‘Ncdot’)。
[0050]当变速器10的工作档位状态处于一连续可变的模式(例如,模式1(或模式2))中以确定输入部件12的最小和最大的加速度变化率(即,Nidot)时,方程1、2和3的参数扭矩方程建立为:
TM1=Nidot=TAtoNidot*TA+TBtoNidot*TB+Misc_Nidot    [1A]
TM2=TO=TAtoTO*TA+TBtoTO*TB+Misc_TO                [2A]
TM3=TCL1=TAtoTCL1*TA+TBtoTCL1*TB+Misc_TCL1        [3A]
[0051]术语TCL1包括用于特定的工作档位状态的离合器(例如,模式1中的离合器C1 70和模式2中的离合器C2 62)的反应扭矩的范围。
[0052]当变速器10的工作档位状态处于空档中以确定输入部件12的最小和最大的加速度变化率(即,Nidot)时,方程1、2和3的参数扭矩方程按如下形式来建立。
TM1=Nidot=TAtoNidot*TA+TBtoNidot*TB+Misc_Nidot       [1B]
TM2=NC1dot=TAtoNc1dot*TA+TBtoNC1dot*TB+Misc_NC1dot   [2B]
TM3=TC1=TAtoTC1*TA+TBtoTC1*TB+Misc_TC1               [3B]
[0053]术语TC1包括滑转离合器C1 70的离合器扭矩的范围,并且术语NC1dot涉及离合器C170的滑转速度的加速度变化率。
[0054]当变速器10的工作档位状态处于空档中以确定离合器C1 70的滑转速度的最小和最大的加速度变化率(即,NC1dot)时,方程1、2和3的参数扭矩方程还可以按如下形式来建立。
TM1=NC1dot=TAtoNC1dot*TA+TBtoNC1dot*TB+Misc_NC1dot    [1C]
TM2=Nidot=TAtoNidot*TA+TBtoNidot*TB+Misc_Nidot        [2C]
TM3=TC1=TAtoTCL1*TA+TBtoTCL1*TB+Misc_TCL1             [3C]
[0055]术语TC1包括滑转离合器C1 70的离合器扭矩的范围,并且术语Nidot涉及输入部件12的加速度变化率。另外,方程1、2和3可以写成为用于任何两种线性无关的约束,例如,包括用于所述混合传动系统的部件的速度约束和扭矩约束。
[0056]由于机械和系统的限制,所以发动机14和变速器10及第一与第二电机56与72具有速度约束、扭矩约束和电池功率约束。速度约束可以包括发动机输入速度NI=0(发动机停车状态)的约束,和用于发动机14的NI从600转/分(空转)到6000转/分的范围的约束。用于第一和第二电机56和72的速度约束可以如下所示:
-10,500转/分≤NA≤+10,500转/分,和
-10,500转/分≤NB≤+10,500转/分。
[0057]所述扭矩约束包括输入到输入部件12上的发动机输入扭矩约束,包括TI MIN≤T1TI_MAX。所述扭矩约束包括用于第一和第二电机56和72的电机扭矩约束,所述电机扭矩包括用于第一和第二电机56和72的最大和最小电机扭矩(‘TA_MAX’,‘TA_MIN’,‘TB_MAX’,‘TB_MIN’),其优选是从以表格形式保存在一个控制模块的储存装置内部的数据集处所获得的。所述数据集是以经验为根据地由不同的温度和电压条件下结合电机和大功率电子设备(例如,第一与第二电机56与72和TPIM 19)的测功试验中获得的。第一和第二电机56和72的电机扭矩输出是按TA_MIN≤TA≤TA_MAX和TBMIN≤TB≤TB_MAX来设置的,并且其取决于电机转速。扭矩限制包括基于速度的扭矩曲线。电机扭矩约束TA_MAX和TA_MIN包括当第一电机56分别当作扭矩产生电机和发电机时用于其的扭矩限制。电机扭矩约束TB_MAX和TB_MIN包括当第二电机72分别当作扭矩产生电机和发电机时用于其的扭矩限制。术语PBAT_MIN是ESD 74的最大容许充电功率,并且PBAT_MAX是ESD 74的最大容许蓄电池放电功率,是基于与ESD 74的寿命和充电容量相关的因素来规定所述极值。
[0058]工作范围包括可基于电池功率约束来确定的一输出扭矩范围。使用的电池功率的计算,PBAT如下:
PBAT=PA,ELEC+PB,ELEC+PDC_LOAD    [4]
其中PA,ELEC包括来自第一电机56的电功率,PB,ELEC包括来自第二电机72的电功率,和
PDC_LOAD包括已知的直流负载(包括辅助设备的负荷)。替代用于PA,ELEC和PB,ELEC的方程,得到了以下方程:
PBAT=(PA,MECH+PA,LOSS)+(PB,MECH+PB,LOSS)+PDC_LOAD    [5]
其中PA,MECH包括来自第一电机56的机械功率,PA,LOSS包括来自第一电机56的功率损耗,PA,MECH包括来自第二电机72的机械功率,和
PB,LOSS包括来自第二电机72功率损耗。
[0059]方程5可以被重新表述为如以下的方程6,其中功率PA和PB用速度NA与NB和扭矩TA与TB来替代。这包括假定扭矩电机和逆变器的损耗可以用数学方式模拟成一个基于扭矩的二次方程,如下所示:
PBAT=(NATA+(a1(NA)TA 2+a2(NA)TA+a3(NA)))+(NBTB+(B1(NB)TB 2+B2(NB)TB+B3(NB)))+PDC_LOAD    [6]
其中NA、NB包括第一和第二电机56和72的电机转速,
TA、TB包括第一和第二电机56、72的电机扭矩,和
a1、a2、a3、b1、b2、b3各包括二次方程的系数,所述系数是相应的电机转速NA、NB的函数。
[0060]这可以被重新表述为如下所示:
PBAT=a1*TA 2+(NA+a2)*TA+b1*TB 2+(NB+b2)*TB+a3+b3+PDC_LOAD               [7]
[0061]这还原为:
PBAT=a1[TA 2+TA(NA+a2)/a1+((NA+a2)/(2*a1))2]+b1[TB 2+TB(NB+b2)/b1+((NB+b2)/(2*b1))2]+a3+b3+PDC_LOAD-NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)  [8]
[0062]这还原为:
PBAT=a1[TA+(NA+a2)/(2*a1)]2+b1[TB+(NB+b2)/(2*b1)]2+a3+b3+PDC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)       [9]
[0063]这还原为:
PBAT=[SQRT(a1)*TA+(NA+a2)/(2*SQRT(a1))]2+[SQRT(b1)*TB+(NB+b2)/(2*SQRT(b1))]2+a3+b3+PDC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)   [10]
[0064]这还原为:
PBAT=(A1*TA+A2)2+(B1*TB+B2)2+C    [11]
其中A1=SQRT(a1),B1=SQRT(b1),
A2=(NA+a2)/(2*SQRT(a1)),
B2=(NB+b2)/(2*SQRT(b1)),和
C=a3+b3+PDC_LOAD-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1)。
这可以被重新表述为:
PBAT=PA_ELEC+PB_ELEC+PDC_LOAD    [11A]
其中PA_ELEC=(A1*TA+A2)2+CA,和
PB_ELEC=(B1*TB+B2)2+CB
其中CA=a3-(NA+a2)2/(4*a1)和
CB=b3-(NB+b2)2/(4*b1),和
C=CA+CB+PDC_LOAD
[0065]电机扭矩TA和TB可以转换为如下所示的TX和TY
T X T Y = A 1 0 0 B 1 * T A T B + A 2 B 2 - - - [ 12 ]
其中TX是TA的变换,
TY是TB的变换,和
A1、A2、B1、B2包括具体应用的标量值。
[0066]方程11还折算如下所示。
PBAT=(TX 2+TY 2)+C    [13]
PBAT=R2+C           [14]
[0067]方程12说明了电机扭矩TA到TX和电机扭矩TB到TY的变换。从而,TX/TY空间称为一新坐标系,并且方程13包括电池功率PBAT到TX/TY空间的变换。因此,可以计算最大和最小的电池功率PBAT_MAX和PBAT_MIN之间的有效电池功率,并且用曲线图形示为中心位于TX/TY空间中的位置(0,0)上的半径(‘RMax’和‘RMIN’),并且用字母K来表示,其中:
RMIN=SQRT(PBAT_MIN-C)
RMAX=SQRT(PBT_MAX-C)
[0068]最小和最大的电池功率PBAT_MIN和PBAT_MAX优选与不同条件(例如,充电状态、温度、电压和用途(安培-小时/小时))相关联。上述的参数C规定为在给定电机转速NA、NB(忽略了电机扭矩限制)时的绝对最小的潜在电池功率。实际上,当TA=0并且TB=0时,来自第一和第二电机56和72的机械动力输出为零。实际上,TX=0和TY=0相当于用于ESD 74的最大充电功率。正号(‘+’)规定为从ESD 74中放电,并且负号(‘-’)规定为向ESD 74充电。RMAX规定为最大的电池功率,一般为放电功率,并且RMIN规定为最小的电池功率,一般为充电功率。
[0069]可以将恒定扭矩线限定在TX/TY空间中,包括限制上述方程1中所描述的扭矩TM1。如上所述,在该实施例中,参数的扭矩方程TM1可以包括输入部件12的加速度变化率(即,Nidot),并且如下所述地在TX/TY空间中重新表述方程1、2和3。
TM1=TAtoTM1*(TX-A2)/A1+TBtoTM1*(TY-B2)/B1+Misc_TM1    [15]
TM2=TAtoTM2*(TX-A2)/A1+TBtoTM2*(TY-B2)/B1+Misc_TM2   [16]
TM3=TAtoTM3*(TX-A2)/A1+TBtoTM3*(TY-B2)/B1+Misc_TM3    [17]
[0070]仅将TM1_XY、TM2_XY规定为TA和TB起作用的TM1、TM2和TM3的一部分,然后:
TM1_XY=TAtoTM1*(TX-A2)/A1+TBtoTM1*(TY-B2)/B1          [18]
TM2_XY=TAtoTM2*(TX-A2)/A1+TBtoTM2*(TY-B2)/B1          [19]
TM3_XY=TAtoTM3*(TX-A2)/A1+TBtoTM3*(TY-B2)/B1          [20]
[0071]下列系数可以定义为:
TXtoTM1=TAtoTM1/A1
TYtoTM1=TBtoTM1/B1
TM1_Intercept=TAtoTM1*A2/A1+TBtoTM1*B2/B1
TXtoTM2=TAtoTM2/A1
TYtoTM2=TBtoTM2/B1
TM2_Intercept=TAtoTM2*A2/A1+TBtoTM2*B2/B1
TXtoTM3=TAtoTM3/A1
TYtoTM3=TBtoTM3/B1;和
TM3_Intercept=TAtoTM3*A2/A1+TBtoTM3*B2/B1
[0072]从而,如下所述,可以将方程1、2和3的参数扭矩方程变换到TX/TY空间中:
TM1_XY=TXtoTM1*TX+TYtoTM1*TY+TM1_Intercept    [21]
TM2_XY=TXtoTM2*TX+TY2TM2*TY+TM2_Intercept     [22]
TM3_XY=TXtoTM3*TX+TYtoTM3*TY+TM3_Intercept    [23]
[0073]同时求解方程21、22和23(表示转换到TX/TY空间中的参数扭矩方程TM1、TM2和TM3)以确定由TM2和TM3约束的TM1的最小和最大值。对于给定的(即)固定速度,在正在进行工作期间,在电机扭矩约束和电池功率约束内来确定TM1的最小和最大值,以便发动机14、第一与第二电机56与72(在下文中还称为电机A56和电机B72)和变速器10的控制操作符合操作者的扭矩请求和指令的输出扭矩。
[0074]对于给定的(即)固定速度,在正在进行工作期间可以确定电机扭矩约束和电池功率约束并且用如上所述转换到TX/TY空间中的线性方程组来表示。可以同时求解利用速度约束、电机扭矩约束和电池功率约束来导出的参数扭矩方程以确定在TX/TY空间中的最大和最小的TM1,包括最大的TM1_XY和最小的TM1_XY。随后,可以将来自TX/TY空间的输入部件12的最大和最小的加速度变化率(即,Nidot)的最大和最小极值(在TX/TY间中确定的)还原为输入部件12的最大和最小的加速度变化率(即,Nidot)。
[0075]计算输入部件的加速度变化率,并且来自换档执行机构的输出和发动机启/停的控制方案320可以处于实时的输入加速度分布图的形式。术语“实时”是指参数的当前状态。输入部件12的最大和最小的加速度变化率(例如)被用作一部分换档执行指令以管理即将来临的离合器的离合器滑转。
[0076]在一个实施例中,通过为传动系统选择独立可控的参数来操作系统,(例如)包括用于第一和第二电机56和72的电机扭矩约束、离合器扭矩约束和输入部件12与输出部件64的加速度变化率。确定来自储能装置的可用功率(即,PBAT_MAX和PBAT_MIN),并且可以确定用于传动系统的独立可控参数的最大和最小状态。可以基于用于传动系统储能装置的独立可控参数的最大与最小状态、用于第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和用于储能装置的最大与最小功率约束来确定所考虑的TM1的一参数(用于输入部件12或一个离合器的加速度变化率)的有效工作范围。优选通过导出用于参数的方程、将它们转换到TX/TY空间并且同时求解它们来完成。可以将所考虑的TM1的参数的有效工作范围还原到TA/TB空间以用于执行过程,例如,通过传动系(包括混合式变速器)的上述部件的控制操作。现在参照图4、5和6所示,可以用图形方式来描述该操作。
[0077]图4采用图形的方式显示了(例如)用于上文所描述的示例性传动系统的、具有第一和第二电机56和72的操作系统,其处于模式2的工作档位状态下,应用的离合器CL1包括离合器C2 62。图解的空间包括TX/TY空间。专用的参数扭矩方程TM1、TM3、TM3包括方程1A、2A和3A,所述方程已经如方程21、22和23所示地进行了转换,已经基于用于包括第一和第二电机56和72的示例性的传动系统的电机扭矩来建立所述方程。点K描述了用于TX/TY坐标系的点TX=0,TY=0。利用所述基准,点L描述了用于系统的相当于TX/TY坐标系的点TA=0和TB=0。采用图形的方式显示了用于第一和第二电机56和72的电机扭矩约束,所述电机扭矩包括用于第一和第二电机56和72的最大和最小电机扭矩(‘TA_MAX’,‘TA_MIN’,‘TB_MAX’,TB_MIN’)。有效的电池功率(称为PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX的范围)采用图形的方式显示为中心位于点K(具有位置(0,0))上的半径RMin和RMax。第二扭矩约束TM2包括方程2A和22所描述的最大和最小输出扭矩(‘TO_MAX’,‘TO_MIN’)。第三扭矩约束TM3包括方程3A和23所描述的所应用的离合器C2 62的最大和最小离合器反应扭矩(‘TCL1_MAX’,‘TCL1_MIN’)。可以研究方程1A和21中所描述的参数方程以确定受TM2和TM3的参数方程所描述的输出扭矩和离合器扭矩上的扭矩约束的影响并且基于与电机扭矩、电池功率和方程2与3中所描述的其他约束相关的约束的一范围,所述范围包括输入部件的最大和最小的加速度变化率(‘Nidot Max’,‘Nidot Min’)。点E描述了基于该实施例中的约束的输入部件有效的最大的加速度变化率,并且点F描述了基于该实施例中的约束的输入部件有效的最小的加速度变化率。可以同样描述并求解在具有所应用的离合器CL1(包括离合器C1 70)的模式1的工作档位状态下的操作以确定基于约束的输入部件有效的最大和最小加速度变化率,其中专用的参数扭矩方程TM1、TM2、TM3包括参照方程21、22、和23所描述的转换并且基于一示例性传动系统的电机扭矩所建立的方程1A、2A和3A。
[0078]图5采用图形的方式显示了(例如)上文中所描述的、具有第一和第二电机56和72的示例性传动系统的操作系统,其运行在空档工作档位状态下,没有应用离合器。图解的空间包括TX/TY空间。专用的参数扭矩方程TM1、TM2、TM3包括方程1B、2B和3B,所述方程已经如方程21、22和23所示地进行了转换,已经基于用于包括第一和第二电机56和72的示例性传动系统的电机扭矩来建立所述方程。点K描述了用于TX/TY坐标系的点TX=0,TY=0。利用所述基准,点L描述了用于系统的TX/TY坐标系的点TA=0和TB=0。采用图形的方式显示了用于第一和第二电机56和72的电机扭矩约束,所述电机扭矩包括用于第一和第二电机56和72的最大和最小电机扭矩(‘TA_MAX’,‘TA_MIN’,‘TB_MAX’,‘TB_MIN’)。有效的电池功率(称为PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX的范围)采用图形的方式显示为中心位于点K(具有位置(0,0))上的半径RMin和RMax。第二扭矩约束TM2包括方程2B和22所描述的用于离合器C1 70的最大和最小的离合器加速度变化率(‘Ncldot_Max’,‘Ncldot Min’),并且绘制在TX/TY空间中。第三扭矩约束TM3包括了方程3B和23所描述的离合器C1 70的最大和最小的离合器扭矩,并且不是一强制的扭矩约束。可以研究方程1B和21中所描述的参数方程TM1以确定受基于与电机扭矩约束、电池功率和方程2与3中所描述的其他约束相关的参数方程TM2所描述的扭矩约束的影响的一范围,所述范围包括输入部件的最大和最小的加速度变化率(‘Nidot Max’,‘Nidot Min’)。点G描述了基于该实施例中的约束的输入部件最大的加速度变化率,并且点H描述了基于该实施例中的约束的输入部件的最小加速度变化率。
[0079]图6采用图形的方式显示了(例如)上文中所描述的、具有第一和第二电机66和72的示例性传动系统的操作系统,其运行在空档工作档位状态下,没有应用离合器。图解的空间包括TX/TY空间。专用的参数扭矩方程TM1、TM2、TM3包括方程1C、2C和3C,所述方程已经如方程21、22和23所示地进行了转换,已经基于用于包括第一和第二电机56和72的示例性传动系统的电机扭矩来建立所述方程。点K描述了用于TX/TY坐标系的点TX=0,TY=0。利用所述基准,点L描述了用于系统的TX/TY坐标系的点TA=0和TB=0。采用图形的方式显示了用于第一和第二电机56和72的电机扭矩约束,所述电机扭矩包括用于第一和第二电机56和72的最大和最小电机扭矩(‘TA_MAX’,‘TA_MIN’,‘TB_MAX’,‘TB_MIN’)。有效的电池功率(称为PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX的范围)采用图形的方式显示为中心位于点K(具有位置(0,0))上的半径RMin和RMax。第二扭矩约束TM2包括方程2C和22所描述的有效的最大和最小输入速度(‘Nidot Max’,‘NidotMin’),并且绘制在TX/TY空间中。第三扭矩约束TM3包括了方程3C和23所描述的离合器C1 70的最大和最小的离合器扭矩,并且不是一强制的扭矩约束。可以研究方程1C和21中所描述的参数方程TM1以确定受基于与电机扭矩约束、电池功率约束和方程2与3中所描述的其他约束相关的参数方程TM2所描述的扭矩约束的影响的一范围,所述范围包括离合器的最大和最小的加速度变化率(‘Ncidot Max’,‘Ncidot Min’)。点M描述了基于该实施例中的约束的离合器C1 70的最大加速度变化率,并且点N描述了基于该实施例中的约束的离合器C1 70的最小加速度变化率。
[0080]本发明已经描述了某些优选实施例及其修改。当阅读和理解本说明书时,可以想到进一步的修改和变化。因此,本发明不限于用于执行本发明的作为最佳方式的所公开的特殊实施例,而且包括落入权利要求范围内的全部实施例。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于控制传动系统的方法,所述传动系统包括在输入部件和第一与第二扭矩机械和输出部件之间可操作地传递动力的变速器,第一和第二扭矩机械连接到储能装置上,并且所述变速器可操作在连续可变的工作档位状态下,所述方法包括:
为所述传动系统选择独立可控的参数;
确定第一和第二扭矩机械的最大和最小的电机扭矩约束,并且确定所述储能装置的最大和最小的功率约束;
确定用于所述传动系统的独立可控的参数的最大和最小状态;和
基于所述传动系统的独立可控的参数的最大与最小状态、第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束来确定关注参数的有效工作范围。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
选择所述独立可控的参数,包括输出到输出部件上的输出扭矩;和
基于输出到所述输出部件上的输出扭矩的最大与最小状态、第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束来确定所述输入部件的输入加速度变化率的有效工作范围。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,还包括:
选择独立可控的参数,包括输出到所述输出部件上的输出扭矩和所应用的扭矩传递离合器的离合器反应扭矩;和
基于输出到所述输出部件上的输出扭矩的最大与最小状态、所应用的扭矩传递离合器的离合器反应扭矩、第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束来确定所述输入部件的输入加速度变化率的有效工作范围。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
在空档状态下操作所述变速器;
选择独立可控的参数,该参数包括扭矩传递离合器的离合器滑转加速度;和
基于所述扭矩传递离合器的离合器滑转加速度的最大与最小状态、第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束来确定所述输入部件的输入加速度变化率的有效工作范围。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括:
在空档状态下操作所述变速器;
选择独立可控的参数,该参数包括输入部件的输入加速度变化率;和
基于所述输入部件的输入加速度变化率的最大与最小状态、第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束来确定扭矩传递离合器的离合器滑转加速度的有效工作范围。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
在空档状态下操作所述变速器;
选择独立可控的参数,该参数包括第一部件的加速度变化率;和
基于第一部件的加速度变化率的最大与最小状态、第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束来确定第二部件的加速度变化率的有效工作范围。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
基于第一和第二扭矩机械的动力输出来导出用于所述独立可控参数的方程;
导出用于关注参数的方程;
导出用于第一和第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和用于所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束的方程;和
通过同时求解用于所述独立可控的参数的方程、用于关注参数的方程和用于第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束的方程来确定关注参数的有效工作范围。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,还包括将用于所述独立可控的参数的方程、用于关注参数的方程和用于第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束的方程变换到第二坐标系中。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,还包括同时求解用于所述独立可控的参数、用于关注参数和用于第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束在第二坐标系中的变换方程来确定优选解,该解包括关注参数在第二坐标系中的有效工作范围。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,还包括还原所述优选解以确定关注参数的有效工作范围,该优选解包括关注参数在第二坐标系中的有效工作范围。
11.一种用于控制传动系统的方法,所述传动系统包括可操作地连接到变速器的输入部件上的发动机,通过选择应用扭矩传递离合器,所述变速器在所述输入部件、扭矩机械以及输出部件之间可操作地传递动力,所述扭矩机械连接到储能装置上,并且所述变速器可操作在连续可变的工作档位状态和空档状态下,所述方法包括:
为所述传动系统选择独立可控的参数;
确定所述扭矩机械的最大和最小的电机扭矩约束,并且确定所述储能装置的最大和最小的功率约束;
基于来自所述扭矩机械的动力输出来导出用于所述独立可控参数的方程;
基于来自所述扭矩机械的动力输出导出用于关注的独立参数的方程;
确定用于所述传动系统的独立可控的参数的最大和最小状态;
同时求解所述独立可控参数的方程和关注的独立参数的方程;和
基于所同时求解的方程、所述传动系统的独立可控制参数的最大与最小状态、所述扭矩机械的最大与最小的电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小的功率约束来确定关注参数的有效工作范围。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:
在所述连续可变的工作档位状态下操作所述变速器;
选择独立可控的参数,包括输出到所述输出部件上的输出扭矩和所应用的扭矩传递离合器的离合器反应扭矩;和
确定用于所述输入部件的输入加速度变化率的有效工作范围。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:
在所述空档状态下操作所述变速器;
选择独立可控的参数,该参数包括扭矩传递离合器的离合器滑转加速度;和
确定用于所述输入部件的输入加速度变化率的有效工作范围。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,包括:
在所述空档状态下操作所述变速器;
选择独立可控的参数,该参数包括输入部件的输入加速度;和
确定扭矩传递离合器的离合器滑转加速度的有效工作范围。
15.一种用于控制传动系统的方法,所述传动系统包括可操作地连接到变速器的输入部件上的发动机,通过选择应用扭矩传递离合器,所述变速器在所述输入部件、扭矩机械以及输出部件之间可操作地传递动力,所述扭矩机械连接到储能装置上,并且所述变速器可操作在连续可变的工作档位状态和空档状态下,所述方法包括:
为所述传动系统选择独立可控的参数;
确定所述扭矩机械的最大和最小的电机扭矩约束,并且确定所述储能装置的最大和最小的功率约束;
基于来自所述扭矩机械的扭矩输出来导出用于所述独立可控参数的方程;
基于来自所述扭矩机械的扭矩输出导出用于关注的独立参数的方程;
确定用于所述传动系统的独立可控的参数的最大和最小状态;
同时求解用于所述独立可控参数的方程和用于关注的独立参数的方程;和
基于所同时求解的方程、所述传动系统的独立可控制参数的最大与最小状态、所述扭矩机械的最大与最小的电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小的功率约束来确定关注参数的有效工作范围。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,还包括将用于所述独立可控的参数的方程、用于关注参数的方程和用于第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束的方程变换到第二坐标系中。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,还包括同时求解所述独立可控的参数、关注参数和用于第一与第二扭矩机械的最大与最小电机扭矩约束和所述储能装置的最大与最小功率约束在第二坐标系中的变换方程来确定优选解,该解包括关注参数在第二坐标系中的有效工作范围。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,还包括还原所述优选解以确定关注参数的有效工作范围,该优选解包括关注参数在第二坐标系中的有效工作范围。
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EP2965963A4 (en) * 2013-03-04 2016-11-09 Saic Motor Corp Ltd HYBRID AUTOMOBILE AND ITS POWER SYSTEM TORQUE CONTROL METHOD
CN108569293A (zh) * 2017-03-07 2018-09-25 Fev欧洲有限责任公司 用于将所需扭矩分流的方法

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