CN101491936A - 挤出机 - Google Patents

挤出机 Download PDF

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CN101491936A
CN101491936A CNA2009100035442A CN200910003544A CN101491936A CN 101491936 A CN101491936 A CN 101491936A CN A2009100035442 A CNA2009100035442 A CN A2009100035442A CN 200910003544 A CN200910003544 A CN 200910003544A CN 101491936 A CN101491936 A CN 101491936A
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hole
sliding bearing
antetheca
sealing
recess
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CN101491936B (zh
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R·蒙茨
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Coperion GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
    • B30B11/241—Drive means therefor; screw bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B29B7/483—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B29C48/2522—Shaft or screw supports, e.g. bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B29C48/2526—Direct drives or gear boxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种挤出机，包括带有至少一个孔(2)和包围所述孔(2)的前壁(16)的壳体(1)。在前壁(16)中形成有与孔(2)共中心的凹部(21)。在孔(2)中设置有蜗杆(3)，该蜗杆包括穿过凹部(21)向外的柱形支承部分(17)。一填封件(19)靠着凹部(21)和支承部分(17)密封，该填封件在孔(2)的方向上抵靠一对立支承件(20)。在支承部分(17)上设置有滑动支承件(18)，该滑动支承件靠着凹部(21)径向地支承，并悬臂式地支承蜗杆(3)。一夹紧装置(26)与前壁(16)接合，该夹紧装置(26)使滑动支承件(18)压靠填封件，使得填封件以密封的方式径向地变形。

Description

挤出机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种挤出机。
背景技术
在实践中，承载螺旋元件以及可能的搓揉和混合元件的轴通常借助于一填封件通过挤出机壳体的上游的前壁密封，所述填封件抵靠一对立支承件，该对立支承件面向挤出机壳体中的至少一个孔。通过钢套管进行轴向压缩，该轴向压缩导致填封件径向变形，以形成靠着轴的各柱形部分和前壁中的凹部壁的密封，该钢套管包围轴的这一部分并设置成离开轴的这一部分一径向距离。所述套管通过一夹紧装置压靠填封件，该夹紧装置包括设置在前壁前方并借助于螺钉固定和压靠在前壁上的压力环。该实施方式的缺点在于，在操作期间蜗杆相对于孔壁的径向间隙及随后对蜗杆的磨损将导致蜗杆径向偏转，从而造成填封件开始泄漏。因此，需要经常对填封件进行再压缩，这造成不希望的操作停工。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是设计一种挤出机，使得至少很大程度地减少填封件区域中泄漏的发生。
通过一种挤出机实现该目的，该挤出机包括
-壳体；
-位于壳体中的至少一个孔，该孔具有一轴线；
-壳体的前壁，该前壁封闭所述至少一个孔；
-位于前壁中的凹部，该凹部与所述轴线共中心地形成；
-蜗杆，该蜗杆设置在所述孔中，并包括一穿过所述凹部向外的柱形支承部分；
-填封件(填封套，密封盖)，该填封件在孔的方向上抵靠一对立支承件，并靠着凹部和支承部分密封；
-设置在支承部分上的滑动支承件，该滑动支承件靠着凹部径向地支承，以用于悬臂式地支承蜗杆；以及
-与前壁接合的夹紧装置，该夹紧装置使滑动支承件沿轴线方向压靠在填封件上，使得填封件以密封的方式径向变形。
本发明的要点在于，承载螺旋元件和可能的搓揉与混合元件以及因此承载整个蜗杆的轴借助于滑动支承件悬臂式地安装在前壁上，该前壁设置在相对于传输方向的上游，该滑动支承件同时用于压缩填封件。这消除了也支承填封件的支承部分的区域中由于磨损和操作造成的轴的偏转，结果使得可在较之以前更长的时间段以后才需要再压缩填封件。不需要用于压缩填封件的额外中间元件，因为该压缩填封件的功能也由滑动支承件承担。
由烧结青铜组成的滑动支承件不需要保持。如果滑动支承件的压缩强度不够，则在滑动支承件的外侧和前侧上形成有支承套管的实施方式可能是有利的，该支承套管由耐压缩材料组成。
其中滑动支承件的一部分设置在前壁外侧且相对于环境自由的实施方式特别保证了滑动支承件自身和填封件能相对于环境很好地被冷却。
附图说明
从借助附图对实施例的说明中将能显见本发明的其它优点、特征和细节，其中：
图1示出贯穿一挤出机的纵剖示意图；
图2示出挤出机沿图1中II-II线的正视图；
图3示出在挤出机前壁中的轴的安装的放大的局部视图；
图4示出与图3对应的视图，其中示出了滑动支承件的替换实施例。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，双轴挤出机通常包括带孔2的壳体1，所述孔以数字8的方式相互接合，并各自具有设置在其中的蜗杆3。在相对于传输方向4的上游端设置有给料斗5。沿传输方向4看去，蜗杆3包括进口区和融化区的螺旋元件6、混合和均化区的搓揉元件7、及传输和排出区的附加螺旋元件8。随后是设置在壳体1的末端的排出元件9，蜗杆3不安装在该末端区域中。
蜗杆3由一公共驱动马达10通过分配齿轮11驱动，其中，在驱动马达10和分配齿轮11之间设有联接件12。蜗杆3由齿轮11的输出轴13驱动，该输出轴的驱动力经由联接套管14传输到蜗杆3的接合轴15。
在轴15穿过壳体1的面向齿轮11的前壁16的位置处，所述轴15悬臂式地通过柱形支承部分17安装在各自的滑动支承件18中。该滑动支承件18是由烧结金属、特别是烧结青铜制成的环形柱状套管构成的，且无需保持。在孔2的方向上，滑动支承件18靠着填封件19支承，该填封件19用作靠着止挡20支承的密封件，该止挡在前壁16上相对于孔2形成边界。填封件19因此设置在前壁16的相应的凹部21中。滑动支承件18的一部分径向地支承在凹部21中，但是如图所示，该滑动支承件的大部分设置在包括前壁16的壳体1的外部，因此是自由的。另一方面，滑动支承件18径向地支承在凹部21中，以便能够实现其相对于蜗杆3的轴15支承和径向引导的功能。各填封件19在各自的轴15的轴线22方向上的轴向压缩通过压力环23进行，该压力环借助于螺钉24压靠前壁16。
如果由烧结青铜制成的滑动支承件18的压缩强度不足以轴向地压缩填封件19，则如图4所示，滑动支承件18’的外部-当然除了抵靠轴15的支承表面-可用支承套管25包围，该支承套管由足够刚性的材料如钢制成，并将压力从压力环23传递到填封件19。在该实施例中，滑动支承件18’也是基本自由的，由此确保了向环境的好的散热。
同样，压力环23连同螺钉24、滑动支承件18或18’和支承套管25也形成一夹紧装置26。
由于蜗杆3和它们各自的蜗杆轴15借助于滑动支承件18或18’安装在前壁16的支承凹部21内，避免了该区域中支承部分17的径向偏转，从而保持了填封件19相对于支承部分17的紧密性。这防止了经由料斗5供给以用于在挤出机中处理的粉末经由孔2排出，从而没有粉末能够进入支承部分17和填封件19之间或者填封件19和前壁16的支承凹部21之间的空间。
在将蜗杆3从孔2中移出后，所述蜗杆可容易地沿传输方向4再安装。填封件19设置在凹部21中。为了清洁，与传输方向4相对地将所述轴连同其支承部分17推动穿过填封件19。随后，从外部使滑动支承件18或18’在各自的支承部分17上滑动。压缩借助于夹紧装置26发生。随后，借助于联接套管14重新建立到齿轮11的输出轴13的连接。

Claims (5)

1.挤出机，包括：
-壳体(1)，
-位于壳体(1)中的至少一个孔(2)，所述孔(2)具有轴线(22)；
-壳体(1)的前壁(16)，该前壁(16)封闭所述至少一个孔(2)；
-位于前壁(16)中的凹部(21)，该凹部(21)与轴线(22)共中心地形成；
-设置在孔(2)中的蜗杆(3)，该蜗杆包括穿过凹部(21)向外的柱形支承部分(17)；
-填封件(19)，该填封件在孔(2)的方向上抵靠一对立支承件(20)，并靠着凹部(21)和支承部分(17)密封；
-滑动支承件(18，18’)，该滑动支承件设置在支承部分(17)上，并靠着凹部(21)径向地支承，以用于悬臂式地支承蜗杆(3)；以及
-夹紧装置(26)，该夹紧装置与前壁(16)接合，并使滑动支承件(18，18’)在轴线(22)的方向上压靠填封件(19)，使得填封件(19)以密封的方式径向地变形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机，其特征在于，滑动支承件(18，18’)由烧结青铜制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的挤出机，其特征在于，在滑动支承件(18，18’)的外侧和前侧上形成有支承套管(25)，该支承套管(25)由耐压缩的材料制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机，其特征在于，滑动支承件(18，18’)的一部分设置在前壁(16)的外侧，且相对于环境是自由的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机，其特征在于，夹紧装置(26)包括压力环(23)，该压力环在轴线(22)的方向上借助于螺钉(24)朝着孔(2)压靠前壁(16)。
CN2009100035442A 2008-01-22 2009-01-15 挤出机 Expired - Fee Related CN101491936B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08001105A EP2082862B1 (de) 2008-01-22 2008-01-22 Extruder
EP08001105.9 2008-01-22

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CN101491936B CN101491936B (zh) 2013-08-14

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Cited By (3)

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CN102950741A (zh) * 2011-08-20 2013-03-06 苏州敏喆机械有限公司 一种螺杆挤压机保护气体密封装置
CN105599263A (zh) * 2016-03-04 2016-05-25 浙江竟成特种单丝有限公司 一种生产食用级输送专用特种单丝的挤出机
CN106813789A (zh) * 2015-09-18 2017-06-09 塞姆普里斯股份公司 温度探针和挤出机

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WO2010109486A1 (en) * 2009-03-23 2010-09-30 Steer Engineering Private Limited A safety device in torque transmission system
DE102010027663B4 (de) * 2010-07-19 2012-06-21 Thermo Electron (Karlsruhe) Gmbh Extruder
EP2662195B1 (de) 2012-05-07 2018-10-24 Coperion GmbH Mehrwellen-Extruder zur Durchführung eines Extrusionsverfahrens und reaktives Extrusionsverfahren
EP2842716B1 (de) 2013-08-29 2016-07-13 Coperion GmbH Schneckenmaschine und Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Kunststoffschmelzen
DE102015211917B3 (de) * 2015-06-26 2016-08-04 AMC Industrietechnik GmbH Stopfbuchsgehäuse, insbesondere zur Verwendung in Mehrschneckenextrudern
EP3453514A1 (de) 2017-09-12 2019-03-13 Next Generation Analytics GmbH Vorrichtung und verfahren zum filtern und entgasen einer kunststoffschmelze

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CN102950741A (zh) * 2011-08-20 2013-03-06 苏州敏喆机械有限公司 一种螺杆挤压机保护气体密封装置
CN102950741B (zh) * 2011-08-20 2016-02-24 苏州敏喆机械有限公司 一种螺杆挤压机保护气体密封装置
CN106813789A (zh) * 2015-09-18 2017-06-09 塞姆普里斯股份公司 温度探针和挤出机
CN106813789B (zh) * 2015-09-18 2020-09-04 塞姆普里斯股份公司 温度探针和挤出机
CN105599263A (zh) * 2016-03-04 2016-05-25 浙江竟成特种单丝有限公司 一种生产食用级输送专用特种单丝的挤出机

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CN101491936B (zh) 2013-08-14

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