CN101476003B - Alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer and production method thereof - Google Patents
Alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101476003B CN101476003B CN2009100103134A CN200910010313A CN101476003B CN 101476003 B CN101476003 B CN 101476003B CN 2009100103134 A CN2009100103134 A CN 2009100103134A CN 200910010313 A CN200910010313 A CN 200910010313A CN 101476003 B CN101476003 B CN 101476003B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 62
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 55
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 reduction Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an alkaline blast furnace blowing coal-based direct reducing agent and its production method, the reducing agent is composed of coal and alkaline minerals containing CaO and MgO, the components and component contents thereof are 60-90% of fixed carbon with a net calorific value>=6600 kcal/kg as received basis, 2-35% of volatile component, less than or equal to 0.5% of whole sulfur, less than 10% of whole water, and no more than 12% of ash total amount mainly composed of minerals of CaO, MgO, SiO2, Al2O3. Based on the requirement of alkalinity balance in the blast furnace, at least one of the alkaline minerals containing CaO and MgO is added so that the ash alkalinity reaches CaO + MgO/SiO2 + Al2O3> 1, the mixture is crushed into 5mm-160 mesh, the proportionality of coal and alkaline mineral is calculated according to the technique instructions of greater than 1 of ash alkalinity and no more than 12% of ash total amount, and then the reducing agent is obtained by mixing clean coal and alkaline mineral materials in proportion. The present invention can improve the alkaline of the blowing coal fines of the blast furnace to substitute part of alkaline materials and caloricity materials in the blast furnace, have a wide range of raw materials and low cost, and effectively improve productivity of the blast furnace.
Description
Technical field
A kind of reductive agent of jetting when the present invention relates to blast furnace ironmaking particularly relates to alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer and production method thereof.
Background technology
The use technology of existing iron-smelting blast furnace winding-up does not also use the technology of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer to substitute coke in a large number at present in the iron-smelting blast furnace production technique or alternative fully coke comes direct-reduced iron and the raw-material production technique of this kind; The blast furnace injection material of iron-smelting blast furnace does not also come the blast furnace blowing powder is carried out systematic, technical processing according to the requirement of iron-smelting blast furnace smelting technology to employed material property, can only accomplish the stage from the raw coal to the clean fine coal, belong to the primary epoch substantially; The basicity equilibrated of existing iron-smelting blast furnace is regulated the adjustment that just utilizes interior iron-smelting raw material of stove and auxiliary material thereof to carry out basicity, does not also use the outer raw-material basicity of iron-smelting blast furnace to carry out the inside and outside basicity balance adjustment of iron-smelting blast furnace.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention, provide a kind of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer and be applied to traditional iron-smelting blast furnace most of alternative or replacing whole coke and other interior part basic materials of alternative blast furnace, and don't change under the condition of existing iron-smelting blast furnace production unit technology, be used for the inside and outside adjusting basicity balance of iron-smelting blast furnace, constantly improve the alkalescence of blast furnace injection material and don't reduce minimum calorific value standard, and the basicity of blast furnace injection material can substitute high furnace interior branch basicity material and calorific value material, allows it have the blast furnace heat temperature raising, direct-reduced iron, the alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer of slag making and production method thereof.
When research and development coal based direct reducer of the present invention,, the technical basis of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer has been proposed with reference to a large amount of technical information of blast furnace ironmaking coal injection both at home and abroad:
Certain domestic Iron And Steel Company once carried out having found when blast furnace blowing is tested following problem to the pulverized coal injection in blast furnace in Yangquan pulverized coal injection in blast furnace and Ningxia:
During with the pulverized coal injection in blast furnace in Ningxia, its capacity factor of a blast furnace relatively improves;
And during with the pulverized coal injection in blast furnace in Yangquan, the utilization coefficient of its blast furnace relatively reduces;
Seek the reason of this phenomenon, we at first constitute its ash content and have carried out analyzing relatively, by we can find that the chief component of its ash content also is by SiO to the research of the composition of the ash content of coal
2, Al
2O
3, CaO, MgO etc. are main integral part;
Also have, as follows to the iron ore concentrate feedstock analysis research of Anshan Area:
Its grade reaches more than 66%, and the content of SiO2 reaches 8%, and the content of CaO, MgO is very low; In order to improve its basicity, must can only reach 58% but the grade of the agglomerate after the processing is the highest through the processing sintering, also want the factors such as basicity abatement of other furnace charges in the balance iron making blast furnace;
And for example, the pulverized coal injection in blast furnace ash content in Ningxia is constructed as follows:
SiO
2：18％-35％
Al
2O
3：12.21％-24.32％
CaO：11.28％-34％
MgO：3.46％-13％
Fe
2O
3：11.2％-23.58％
The pulverized coal injection in blast furnace ash content in Yangquan is constructed as follows:
SiO
2：50.47％
Al
2O
3：36.16％
CaO：2％
MgO：0.69％
Fe
2O
3：6.04％
Through as follows to the alkalimeter calculation and Analysis of two geographic coal:
The basicity numerical value in Ningxia:
(34％CaO+13％MgO)÷(35％SiO
2+24.32％Al
2O
3)＝0.79
The basicity numerical value in Yangquan:
(2％CaO+0.69％MgO)÷(50.47％SiO
2+36.16％Al
2O
3)＝0.03
The two compares as follows:
The basicity of the pulverized coal injection in blast furnace in Ningxia will exceed 0.79 ÷ 0.03=26 doubly relatively than the basicity numerical value of the pulverized coal injection in blast furnace in Yangquan
Explain iron-smelting blast furnace basicity of slag notion:
(CaO+MgO) sum and (SiO
2+ Al
2O
3) ratio be referred to as basicity, its multiple is referred to as basicity numerical value;
As (CaO+MgO)/(SiO
2+ Al
2O
3) the multiple of ratio be referred to as alkalescence greater than 1;
As (CaO+MgO)/(SiO
2+ Al
2O
3) the multiple of ratio be referred to as acidity less than 1;
Basicity (the CaO/SiO of agglomerate
2) with the metallurgical performance of agglomerate:
The result of Japanology, basicity has following influence to the agglomerate metallurgical performance:
1. along with CaO/SiO
2Increase, agglomerate low temperature (550 degree) reduction and pulverization ratio reduces, shrinking percentage reduces, softening properties improves;
2. CaO/SiO
2When increasing, the reduction degree of agglomerate is decided by FeO content, and FeO content hangs down person's reduction degree height;
3. fusion drippage beginning temperature is with CaO/SiO
2Increase and improve, with Al
2O
3Content increases and descends slightly, but increase MgO content fusion drippage beginning temperature is raise;
The result of Britain research, basicity has following influence to the agglomerate metallurgical performance:
1. agglomerate CaO/SiO
2Be that higher droplet temperature and reduction ratio were arranged in 1.8 o'clock;
2. the agglomerate reductibility has the influence of decision to melting low temperature, and the good more then droplet temperature of reductibility is also high more;
German Research finds that acid sinter ore has remollescent tendency ahead of time in high temperature, ventilation property is reduced; And high basicity sinter is when reducing under high temperature load, and its ventilation property does not almost change.
The conclusion that analysis drew according to above-mentioned external result of study and domestic raw material is as follows:
Basicity is high more, and the reduction ratio of its agglomerate is also relatively along with raising; Therefore, in the time of the coal of blast furnace blowing Ningxia, because the coal facies in Ningxia are higher than 26 times of Yangquan coal to the basicity height, so, in the time of in spraying into blast furnace, improved the basicity in the iron making blast furnace relatively, and then the mineral aggregate reduction ratio in the blast furnace improves thereupon also;
So the output of its blast furnace increases, the blast furnace coefficient improves;
Otherwise, when the coal of blast furnace blowing Yangquan,, be lower than 26 times of Ningxia coal because the coal facies in Yangquan are low to basicity; In the time of in spraying into blast furnace, also reduced the basicity in the blast furnace relatively, and then the furnace charge reduction ratio in the blast furnace reduces thereupon also; The output of its blast furnace reduces, and the blast furnace coefficient also reduces.
This phenomenon for many years many just metallurgical experts study, and also always the quantity of unsolved blast furnace blowing can not strengthen the problem of quantity.
Analyze and infer conclusion:
According to the analysis of above-mentioned phenomenon example and external achievement in research, the material that has proposed outside iron and steel raw material is sought the problem that solves basicity, and don't changes the technical solution of the alkali blast furnace blowing reducing powder of its use properties.
Through years of researches, this approach of basicity that proposes can to change fully ash content of coal is finished and is influenced this factor of iron and steel reductive, and don't changes its use properties, has invented alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer thus.
The technical scheme that adopts is:
Alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer, by thermal value 〉=6600 kilocalorie/kg, fixed carbon 60-90%, volatile matter 2-35%, full sulphur≤0.5%, surplus is that the coal of ash content is a main body, ash content is mainly by CaO, MgO, SiO
2, Al
2O
3With other mineral compositions, according to the needs of alkali blast furnace inner equilibrium basicity, add and contain at least a of CaO, MgO Alkaline minerals, make ash alkalinity reach CaO+MgO/SiO
2+ Al
2O
3＞1, ash content total amount≤12%, fragmentation is processed into granularity at the 5mm-160 order respectively, mixes and makes.
Above-mentioned contain CaO, the MgO Alkaline minerals is magnesite, rhombspar, Wingdale, calcite, the composition of its MgO, CaO content wherein any or two kinds of mixtures are not less than 40%; Or light (weight) burning magnesium powder, lime, dolomite ash after the calcining of above-mentioned mineral process, the composition of its MgO, CaO content wherein any or two kinds of mixtures is not less than 70%.
Alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer of the present invention can improve the alkalescence of coal injection, can not reduce the calorific value minimum standard again, make the basicity of blast furnace injection material can substitute blast furnace internal portion basic material and calorific value material, raw material sources are extensive, cost cheap and easy to get is low, use need not to change existing blowing process and equipment, and can boost productivity.
Process control condition is during use:
Basicity adjustment formula:
The basicity adjustment formula of slag is as follows inside and outside the iron-smelting blast furnace that uses under the alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer state:
(α1+β1+γ1+δ1)/(α2+β2+γ2+δ2)＞1
In the formula:
α 1: (CaO+MgO) content in the alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer;
β 1: (CaO+MgO) content in the iron ore raw material;
γ 1: (CaO+MgO) content in the solvent;
δ 1: (CaO+MgO) content in the coke;
α 2: (the SiO in the alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer
2+ Al
2O
3) content;
β 2: (the SiO in the iron ore raw material
2+ Al
2O
3) content;
γ 2: (the SiO in the solvent
2+ Al
2O
3) content;
δ 2: (the SiO in the coke
2+ Al
2O
3) content;
In the iron-smelting blast furnace explained hereafter, carry out coal-based direct reduction iron with the technology of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer.
(α1+β1+γ1+δ1)/(α2+β2+γ2+δ2)＞1
Infer according to our given following specified conditions of this equation of equilibrium:
When, δ 1 → 0
δ 2 → 0 o'clock, i.e. coke SiO
2+ Al
2O
3Be 0 o'clock,
Then the equation of equilibrium conversion is as follows:
(α1+β1+γ1)/(α2+β2+γ2)＞1
In the formula:
α 1: (CaO+MgO) content in the direct reductive agent of alkali blast furnace blowing (powder);
β 1: (CaO+MgO) content in the iron ore raw material;
α 2: (the SiO in the direct reductive agent of alkali blast furnace blowing (powder)
2+ Al
2O
3) content;
β 2: (the SiO in the iron ore raw material
2+ Al
2O
3) content;
According to formula: (α 1+ β 1+ γ 1)/(α 2+ β 2+ γ 2)＞1
Order: (β 1+ γ 1)/(β 2+ γ 2)=1, that is: the basicity of agglomerate reaches 1;
So, be example with the iron ore concentrate of TFe 65% taste of Anshan Area, its taste can be arrived the level of TFe60min behind oversintering;
Then: (α 1+ β 1+ γ 1)/(α 2+ β 2+ γ 2)＞1 becomes as follows:
α1/α2＞1
Alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer is after substituting coke as can be seen, after reaching the furnace charge basicity balance in the iron-smelting blast furnace, alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer does not only need the furnace charge in the iron-smelting blast furnace to share the interior basicity balance of iron-smelting blast furnace, but also can share the furnace charge basicity equilibrium problem in a part of iron-smelting blast furnace;
Situation in the iron making blast furnace:
1, lump zone: the zone that is distributed before the reflowing of solid material;
2, reflowing band: furnace charge is from beginning to soften to the shared zone of fusing; The mineral aggregate clinkering becomes the soft heat layer, accompanies coke between the two soft heat layers, and a plurality of soft heat layers and coke layer constitute complete cohesive zone;
3, dropping zone: slag, iron all melt drippage and pass the zone of coke layer to cupola well; Because coal gas passes through in a large number, proceed reactions such as reduction, carburizing when slag, iron drippage, be the main region of high-temperature physics chemical reaction.
4, tuyere zone: before the air port zone of fuel combustion; Being the source region of blast furnace heat energy and gaseous reducing agent, also is the starting point that initial coal gas distributes;
5, slag iron storage area: be the zone that forms finishing slag, iron.
Alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer is in the using method of iron-smelting blast furnace
The technology of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer in iron-smelting blast furnace winding-up, can adopt with before the identical method of blast furnace blowing method jet:
1, at first carries out the oven dry of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer;
2, can directly carry out the blast furnace blowing of particle alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer with the≤granularity of 5mm;
3, also available grinding machine alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer is milled to≤160 purpose granularities carry out blast furnace blowing again;
4, alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer forms the atomizing belt in the dropping zone zone, and the function of the intensification of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer, reduction, slag making or the like is all finished by this atomizing belt;
5, want the dropping zone zone of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer winding-up at iron-smelting blast furnace, slag, iron all melt drippage and pass the zone of atomizing belt to cupola well, reactions such as slag, iron reduce when dripping, carburizing are the main region of high-temperature physics chemical reaction.
Reduction kind to ferriferous oxide in the blast furnace
The reduction kind of the interior ferriferous oxide of iron-smelting blast furnace has following several, is the technical Analysis foundation of the application of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer; This is because the reduced iron of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer is also finished by following several method:
1, with gas CO reduction, generates product C O
2, claim indirect reduction;
2, with the solid carbon reduction, generate product C O, claim directly reduction;
3, a part of hydrogen is in low temperature replaced C O reduction, and part hydrogen replaces carbon directly to reduce at high temperature in addition.
After alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer sprays into iron-smelting blast furnace, CO, H under action of high temperature, have been generated
2, reductive agent such as fixed carbon, be distributed in the iron-smelting blast furnace, under the effect of hot blast with air-flow to down and on be distributed in tuyere zone, molten drop band, reflowing band etc., ferriferous oxide carries out following reduction heating power reaction:
1. use the CO reducing iron oxides
3Fe
2O
3+CO＝2Fe
3O
4+CO
2+37112kJ
Fe
2O
3+CO＝3FeO+CO
2-20878kJ
FeO+CO＝Fe+CO
2+13598kJ
2. use the solid carbon reducing iron oxides
3Fe
2O
3+C＝2Fe
3O
4+CO-110039kJ
Fe
2O
3+C＝3FeO+CO-18654kJ
FeO+C＝Fe+CO-152088kJ
3. use the H2 reducing iron oxides
3Fe
2O
3+H2＝2Fe
3O
4+H
2O+21798kJ
Fe
2O
3+H2＝3FeO+H
2O-63555kJ
FeO+H2＝Fe+H
2O-27698kJ
The technical Analysis of ferriferous oxide reduction kinetics:
After alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer sprays into iron-smelting blast furnace;
CO, H under action of high temperature, have been generated
2, reductive agent such as fixed carbon, be distributed in the iron-smelting blast furnace, under the effect of hot blast with air-flow to down and on be distributed in tuyere zone, molten drop band, reflowing band etc., finish following ferriferous oxide reduction dynamic response:
1. the ferriferous oxide reaction is finished through steps such as inside and outside diffusion process and interfacial chemical reactions, i.e. CO (or H in the air-flow
2) spread to mineral surface by the frictional belt around the ore; Gas reactant CO (or H
2) and gas resultant CO
2(or H
2O) spread by the crackle and the hole of solid phase reduction layer, and iron, the diffusion of oxonium ion between solid phase reduction layer crystal lattice point and on the room and the lattice chemical reaction at ore internal reaction interface, comprise CO (or H
2) absorption and CO
2(or H
2O) the desorption and the reconstruction of lattice etc.;
2. efficiently solve following two links of the reduction rate of ferriferous oxide:
The one, the velocity of diffusion of the gaseous product of gaseous reducing agent or reaction; The 2nd, the chemical reaction velocity on the reaction interface;
After alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer sprays into iron-smelting blast furnace, CO, H under action of high temperature, have been generated
2, reductive agent such as fixed carbon, be distributed in the iron-smelting blast furnace, under the effect of hot blast with air-flow to down and on be distributed in tuyere zone, molten drop band, reflowing band etc., efficiently solve the following Several Factors that influences reduction of iron ore speed:
1. CO and H
2Concentration;
2. temperature;
3. the speed of coal gas;
4. the pressure of coal gas;
From the technical Analysis of blast furnace slag making process to alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer
After alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer sprays into iron-smelting blast furnace;
1. CO, H under action of high temperature, have been generated
2, reductive agent such as fixed carbon, be distributed in the iron-smelting blast furnace, under the effect of hot blast with air-flow to down and on be distributed in tuyere zone, molten drop band, reflowing band etc., through after the above reaction, and take place in the process of soft sticking, fusion, drippage at furnace charge, slag separates in the soft heat layer with metallic iron, simultaneously separates out Ca, Mg, SiO in slag and alkali blast furnace blowing reducing powder and the furnace charge thereof in the furnace charge
2, Al
2O
3Wait other ash content to contact effectively and each auto-polymerization has formed slag;
2. owing to improved concentration in CaO, the MgO iron-smelting blast furnace, thereby impel the following desulphurization reaction sulphur to carry out to the right:
FeS+CaO+C＝CaS+Fe+CO
Control slag viscosity well, kept the temperature of cupola well, reduced the content of the FeO in the slag.
The positively effect that the present invention obtains is:
1, by using alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer can make each proportion of raw materials in the stove of iron-smelting blast furnace regulate the raw material basicity balance of regulating iron-smelting blast furnace, promptly can reach the combination of inner and outside and regulate basicity with the outer alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer of the stove of iron-smelting blast furnace;
2, use after the alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer, the stove of going into that can increase substantially the iron ore raw material of iron-smelting blast furnace is sampled; Can also effectively reduce into the basicity of the iron ore raw material of stove and reduce the usage quantity of going into stove basicity material Wingdale raw material;
3, in the reduced zone of iron-smelting blast furnace after the technology of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer, the energy-output ratio that can improve the reduction rate of the pig iron, quick slaggability, desulfurization effectively and reduce iron-smelting blast furnace, improve the utilization coefficient of iron-smelting blast furnace, increase pig iron output;
4, after the technology of iron-smelting blast furnace alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer, can substitute most of coke and maybe can substitute whole coke; Finally reach the traditional iron-smelting blast furnace of utilization, under the condition that does not change apparatus and process, coal-based direct melting and reducing iron.
The production method of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer comprises the steps:
1, selects the cleaned coal raw material
The cleaned coal of selecting meets following technical indicator:
The ash content of cleaned coal: below 8%
The volatile matter of cleaned coal: 2-35%
The sulphur content of cleaned coal: below 0.5%
The full water of cleaned coal: below 10%
Fixed carbon: 60-90%
Thermal value: as received basis net calorific value 6,600Kcal/kg.
Measure the ash content composition then, i.e. SiO
2, Al
2O
3, CaO, MgO shared per-cent in ash content.
2, select to contain CaO, MgO Alkaline minerals
The composition that contains CaO, its CaO of MgO mineral, the MgO content of selecting wherein any or two kinds of mixtures is not less than 40%, perhaps described mineral are not less than 70% through the composition content wherein any or two kinds of mixtures of calcining back CaO, MgO, and measure CaO respectively, the accurate content of MgO;
3, fragmentation
With the cleaned coal selected and contain CaO, the MgO mineral are broken into the 5mm-160 order respectively;
4, calculate the proportioning that contains CaO, MgO mineral and coal
According to basicity numerical evaluation formula:
[(CaO+MgO) in the Alkaline minerals material of (CaO+MgO) in original selected cleans ash+adding] ÷ [(SiO in the selected cleans ash
2+ Al
2O
3(SiO in the Alkaline minerals material of)+add
2+ Al
2O
3)] 〉=1
And ash content calculation formula:
[weight of (CaO+MgO) of the weight+adding of selected cleans ash] ÷ [weight of (CaO+MgO) of the gross weight+adding of selected cleaned coal] * 100%≤12%
The pre-CaO+MgO quantity that adds of control, with guarantee after the coal dust proportioning ash content be not higher than 12% or lower ash content and basicity numerical value guarantee more than 1;
5, mix
According to calculating good ratio, the fine coal powder chosen and the Alkaline minerals powder of CaO+MgO are carried out even batch mixing in mixing tank for coating colors, obtain the finished product of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer.
Alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer uses:
First stage raw material is prepared:
Blast furnace injection material condition according to original iron-smelting blast furnace is prepared the alkali blast furnace blowing material; Accomplish identical thermal value, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, total water, full sulphur;
The basicity condition: (CaO+MgO)/(SiO
2+ Al
2O
3)＞1.5
When replacing its iron-smelting blast furnace injection coal, guarantee balance and stability like this;
Subordinate phase drops into actual winding-up:
The material condition of its original iron-smelting blast furnace operation is still constant, to guarantee the smooth and easy of original iron-smelting blast furnace; According to the winding-up quantity ratios of original iron-smelting blast furnace, carry out as follows to be in a phased and sequenced manner:
Respectively with 5%, 10%, 15% ... 100%; Be advisable with each increase by 5%, after direct motion stage, increase by 5% quantity again, be increased to 100% quantity so at leisure; And former iron-smelting blast furnace injection coal also respectively with 5%, 10%, 15% ... 100%; Be advisable with each minimizing 5%, after direct motion stage, reduce by 5% quantity again, reduce to 100% quantity so at leisure; When reach original winding-up quantity 100% after, the feed stock for blast furnace operational condition of its original iron-smelting blast furnace is constant, is what pay special attention to that the output and the coefficient of iron-smelting blast furnace increases, the quantity of slag increases? if increase to some extent, a smooth and easy stage of iron-smelting blast furnace, the operational condition of its iron-smelting blast furnace does not still change, and proceeds following step again:
The quantity that can at every turn increase 1kg-5kgs begins to increase the winding-up amount; After smooth and easy again, accelerate again, be advisable with each increase 1kg-5kgs; Also want whether complete reaction or have residually of material that special survey jets, and then whether decision increases winding-up quantity; Residual as finding to have, please check the quantity of the oxygen enrichment of being jetted is what, the winding-up quantity that could increase the oxygen enrichment of some amount is done a technical evaluation, again enforcement; Each accelerating will be carried out with the mutual coordination of Wingdale that reduces and coke afterwards again, to avoid discrepancy, causes failure;
Phase III is progressively reduced the quantity into the Wingdale and the coke of stove
It is happy fully that iron-smelting blast furnace reaches, and the quantity of slag increases, coefficient also increases, and furnace temperature, wind-warm syndrome are normal;
At first reduce the usage quantity of Wingdale; When increasing iron-smelting blast furnace increase winding-up amount; Can gradually reduce the quantity of going into stove of Wingdale this moment, still is advisable with each minimizing 1kg-5kgs; Reduce coke after smooth and easy again, be advisable with each minimizing 1kg-5kgs;
The minimizing quantity of Wingdale can strengthen, if the basicity equilibrium conditions allows, even can reduce to 0; Treat its iron-smelting blast furnace smooth and easy stable after, row reduces the step of coke again; But coke can not arbitrarily strengthen quantity to be reduced, and is that certain ultimate is arranged, and particularly notes when reducing with prudent; In the time of each the minimizing, carry out again after doing once assessment; Under the ventilation property prerequisite that definitely can not influence iron-smelting blast furnace, carry out the minimizing quantity of coke;
In a word, its operating principle is that the equilibrium conditions with the basicity equation of equilibrium is a benchmark, and the reduction of each raw material must intersect to be carried out, coordinate mutually to carry out;
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer is mixed and made into by cleaned coal and the magnesia unslacked that contains MgO.The cleaned coal measurement result is:
Fixed carbon: 81.89% thermal value: 7846 kilocalorie/kilograms
Volatile matter: 10.13% total water: 1.91% ash content: 6.07%
SiO in the ash content
2: the CaO:8.28% in 28.57% ash content
Al in the MgO:8.25% ash content in the ash content
2O
3: 7.32%
Remaining 47.63% is other compositions
The measurement result of magnesia unslacked:
MgO：94.63％ CaO：1.22％
SiO
2：0.62％ Al
2O
3：0.10％
Remaining 3.43% is other compositions,
Proportioning is as follows:
Cleaned coal weight 1000g, wherein ash content account for 6.07%, ash content weight 60.7g, the SiO in its ash content
2Account for 28.57%, SiO
2Weight 17.342g; MgO accounts for 8.25%, MgO weight 5.008g; CaO accounts for 8.28%, CaO weight 5.026g; Al
2O
3Account for 7.32%, Al
2O
3Weight 4.443g.Add magnesia unslacked 60g, wherein SiO
2Account for 0.62%, SiO
2Weight 0.372g; MgO accounts for 94.63%, MgO weight 56.778g; CaO accounts for 1.22%, CaO weight 0.732g; Al
2O
3Account for 0.1%, Al
2O
3Weight 0.06g.
Finished product gross weight 1060g, finished product ash content gross weight is 60.7+60=120.7g; The MgO+CaO gross weight is 67.544g in the finished product ash content, SiO
2+ Al
2O
3Gross weight is 22.257g.
The result: the blowing coal based reductive agent basicity of the alkali blast furnace people is: CaO+MgO/SiO
2+ Al
2O
3=3.04, ash content is: ash content gross weight/finished product gross weight * 100%=11.387%.
Embodiment two
Embodiment two and embodiment one are basic identical, and difference is to add the unslaked lime that contains CaO in cleaned coal, the unslaked lime measurement result:
MgO：5.24％ CaO：87.42％
SiO
2：6.99％ Al
2O
3：0.10％
Remaining 0.25% is other compositions.
Unslaked lime add-on 60g, wherein SiO
2Account for 6.99%, SiO
2Weight 4.194g; MgO accounts for 5.24%, MgO weight 3.144g; CaO accounts for 87.42%, CaO weight 52.425g; Al
2O
3Account for 0.1%, Al
2O
3Weight 0.06g, cleaned coal is identical with embodiment one.
Result: alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer basicity 2.52, ash content 11.387%.
Embodiment three
Embodiment three and embodiment one are basic identical, and difference is to add the dolomite ash that contains MgO and CaO in cleaned coal, the measurement result of dolomite ash:
MgO：34.05％ CaO：52.01％
SiO
2：2.33％ Al
2O
3：0.10％
Remaining 11.51% is other compositions.
Dolomite ash add-on 60g, wherein SiO
2Account for 2.33%, SiO
2Weight 1.398g; MgO point 34.05%, MgO weight 20.43g; CaO accounts for 52.01%, CaO weight 31.206g; Al
2O
3Account for 0.1%, Al
2O
3Weight 0.06g, cleaned coal is identical with embodiment one.
Result: alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer basicity 2.653, ash content 11.387%.
Claims (3)
1. alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer is characterized in that by as received basis net calorific value 〉=6600 kilocalorie/kg, fixed carbon 60-90%, volatile matter 2-35%, full sulphur≤0.5%, total water is below 10%, surplus is that the coal of ash content is a main body, and ash content is mainly by CaO, MgO, SiO
2, Al
2O
3Form,, add and contain at least a of CaO, MgO Alkaline minerals, make ash alkalinity reach (CaO+MgO)/(SiO according to the needs of alkali blast furnace inner equilibrium basicity
2+ Al
2O
3)＞1, ash content total amount≤12%, fragmentation is processed into granularity at the 5mm-160 order respectively, mixes and makes.
2. alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described CaO of containing, MgO Alkaline minerals are magnesite, rhombspar, Wingdale, calcite, the composition of its MgO, CaO content wherein any or two kinds of mixtures is not less than 40%; Or magnesite, rhombspar, Wingdale, calcite light, reburned magnesia powder, lime, the dolomite ash after through calcining, the composition of its MgO, CaO content wherein any or two kinds of mixtures is not less than 70%.
3. the production method of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1: select the cleaned coal raw material
The cleaned coal of selecting meets following technical indicator:
The ash content of cleaned coal: below 8%
The volatile matter of cleaned coal: 2-35%
The sulphur content of cleaned coal: below 0.5%
The full water of cleaned coal: below 10%
Fixed carbon: 60-90%
Thermal value: as received basis net calorific value 6600Kcal/kg, measure the ash content composition, i.e. SiO then
2, Al
2O
3, CaO, MgO shared per-cent in ash content;
Step 2: select to contain CaO, MgO Alkaline minerals
The composition that contains CaO, its CaO of MgO mineral, the MgO content of selecting wherein any or two kinds of mixtures is not less than 40%, perhaps described mineral are not less than 70% through the composition content wherein any or two kinds of mixtures of calcining back CaO, MgO, and measure CaO respectively, the accurate content of MgO;
Step 3: fragmentation
With the cleaned coal selected and contain CaO, the MgO mineral are broken into the 5mm-160 order respectively;
Step 4: calculate the proportioning that contains CaO, MgO mineral and coal
According to basicity numerical evaluation formula:
[in the Alkaline minerals material of (CaO+MgO) in original selected cleans ash+adding (CaO+MgO)] the ÷ [(SiO in the selected cleans ash
2+ Al
2O
3(SiO in the Alkaline minerals material of)+add
2+ Al
2O
3)]＞1
And ash content calculation formula:
[weight of (CaO+MgO) of the weight+adding of selected cleans ash] ÷ [weight of (CaO+MgO) of the gross weight+adding of selected cleaned coal] * 100%≤12%
The pre-CaO+MgO quantity that adds of control is not higher than 12% with assurance ash content after the coal dust proportioning, and basicity numerical value＞1;
Step 5: mix
According to calculating good ratio, the fine coal powder chosen and the Alkaline minerals powder of CaO+MgO are carried out even batch mixing in mixing tank for coating colors, obtain the finished product of alkali blast furnace blowing coal based direct reducer.
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| JP2014077159A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-05-01 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method of preparing blast furnace coal |
| CN104060009B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2016-04-06 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | The Adding Way of sweetening agent and application in a kind of blast furnace ironmaking process |
| CN109439915B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-04-17 | 华北理工大学 | Method for online treatment of zinc-containing dust by utilizing sensible heat of blast furnace high-temperature slag and application of method |
| CN112011659B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-05-07 | 北京科技大学 | Method for optimizing and selecting blast furnace injection fuel by calculating equivalent ash value |
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