CN101474885A - Equipment for compressing and compacting biomass - Google Patents
Equipment for compressing and compacting biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN101474885A CN101474885A CNA2009100074907A CN200910007490A CN101474885A CN 101474885 A CN101474885 A CN 101474885A CN A2009100074907 A CNA2009100074907 A CN A2009100074907A CN 200910007490 A CN200910007490 A CN 200910007490A CN 101474885 A CN101474885 A CN 101474885A
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- biomass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
- B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
- B30B11/246—Screw constructions
Abstract
The invention provides a biomass compressing compaction apparatus, which consists of a driving machine, a transmission gear, a shell, a material inlet, a feeding helix, a compression helix and a product outlet. The shell wrapping the compression helix is retracted similar to the compression helix. After the biomass compressing compaction apparatus is started, the driving machine drives the transmission gear to push the biomass material to the compression helix from the material inlet through the feeding helix, the retracted shell and the compression helix compress the material to be compact, and the material is pushed out in a rod shape from the product outlet. If the product outlet is provided with a cutting device, the compressed compact product in a rod shape is cut into needed shapes so as to meet the requirement of users.
Description
The present invention relates to the biomass energy application, is a kind of equipment for compressing and compacting biomass, especially is fit to the using energy source of living beings such as agricultural crop straw, trees branch, faggot.
Biomass energy is to be the energy of carrier with living beings, i.e. a kind of form of energy of solar energy being stored in living beings with the chemical energy form by photosynthesis of plant.Carbohydrate is the luminous energy bunker, and living beings are carriers that luminous energy circulation transforms, and biomass energy is only reproducible carbon source, and it can be converted to the energy of many solid-state, liquid state and fuel gas or other form, is called biomass energy.Introduce according to China's " medium-term and long-term development plan of regenerative resource ", China's biomass energy resource mainly contains agricultural crop straw, trees branch, feces of livestock and poultry, energy crop (plant), industrial organic waste water, city domestic sewage and rubbish etc.(following living beings mainly refer to agricultural crop straw, trees branch, faggot etc.) national agricultural crop straw year about 600,000,000 tons of generation, except that part as paper making raw material and the livestock feed, about 300,000,000 tons can be used as fuel and use, amount to about 1.5 hundred million tons of standard coals.Forest branch and forestry waste year can acquisition be measured about 900,000,000 tons, and about 300,000,000 tons can be used as using energy source, amount to about 200,000,000 tons of standard coals.But the faggot quantity near local-style dwelling houses in the scope of territory is not estimated its quantity that can be used as using energy source is also very high.
Biomass energy is compared with fossil energy, has renewable and oligosaprobic advantage, the pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and flue dust of biomass combustion discharging are far fewer than coal fired power generation, and particularly living beings do not increase CO2 emissions to environment generally from growing into burning.
Living beings are loose shape, and transportation and reservoir volume are excessive, low energy densities, out-of-shape, easily bite, easily catch fire, high-volatile, low ash, characteristics such as the charred ashes quality is light and soft, alkali metal content is abundant.
The combustion system of prior biological matter comprises: one, peasant household's cooking stove directly burns, and stacks and influences environmental sanitation, and is unhygienic during burning, wastes time and energy; Two, biomass molding fuel combustion system, be with living beings such as stalk, rice husk, sawdust, wood chips, with the method for machinery pressurization, the solid molding fuel that loose originally, unbodied raw material is compressed into have definite shape, density is bigger, it has, and volume is little, density is big, accumulating is convenient; Flameholding, cycle are long; The efficiency of combustion height; Advantages such as pollutant load is little in lime-ash and the flue gas; Three, biomass bunch burning mode, the biomass straw bundle burning technology development of many member states of European Union rapidly, and is the most ripe with the living beings bale combustion technology development of Denmark, Belgium, France.State such as the U.S., Japan has also developed the biomass bunch burning technology, and forms product seriation, is applied in some zones.Denmark has various small-sized, medium-sized and large-scale balers, can produce the biomass straw bundle of various models, adapts to the combustion apparatus of different levels.The biomass boiler model is also more complete; Four, biomass powder combustion system, living beings are become powder with crusher in crushing after, the vertical two combustion furnaces that circle round that sprayed into development by feed arrangement directly burn; Five, biological fuel gas combustion system is produced living beings the technology of imflammable gas by thermal chemical reaction in anoxic or oxygen-free environment.Living beings are carried by purification, storage voltage stabilizing and pipeline through the imflammable gas that gasification furnace produces, for the user provides gaseous fuel.The technological process of the combustion system of these several living beings can be summarized in: biomass collection---stack---feeding system---pretreatment system (moulding, bundling, pulverizing, hand hay cutter are broken etc.)---cooking stove, boiler dedicated, gasification furnace.Because living beings are transported inconvenient cost height and caused the compiling costs height, the stacking place is big, material loading and pretreatment system complexity, apparatus expensive, boiler dedicated, gasification furnace is expensive, these cause living beings to utilize cost far above conventional fossil energy, have limited the development and use of biomass energy.
Biomass solid formed fuel is meant by the fuel of Special Equipment with the living beings compression forming, storage, transportation, easy to use, and clean environment firendly, the efficiency of combustion height both can be used as urban residents' the cooking and the fuel of warming oneself, and also can be used as the fuel of city dispersed supply of heating.
The principle of prior biological matter solid forming: also contain lignin (lignin) except that containing cellulose, hemicellulose in the plant cell, lignin is the structure monomer with aromatic series characteristic, is the stereochemical structure macromolecular compound of propane type.Lignin content is 27%～32% (butt) in leaf wood, needlebush, and the grass lignin content is 14%～25%.Though all contain lignin in various plants, their composition, structure are not just the same.Lignin belongs to noncrystal; do not have fusing point but softening point is arranged; bonding force begins to increase when temperature is 70～110 ℃; lignin (200～300 ℃) under proper temperature can soften, liquefaction; in addition certain pressure closely bonded itself and cellulose and gluedd joint mutually with adjacent particle this moment; get final product curing molding after the cooling; therefore adopt pressure sintering moulding stalk (or wood chip) fuel can be without any additives, bonding agent; greatly reduce processing cost; and utilize that lignin is softening, the characteristics of liquefaction, the temperature that suitably improves when hot-forming helps reducing to push power.
The technical process and the characteristics of prior biological matter solid forming: biomass moulding is with good conditionsi, and it all has certain requirement to kind, granularity, the moisture content of raw material.Stalk, wheat straw etc. need carry out suitable pulverizing, and nearly all material all will carry out drying.For further improving the use value of shaped fuel, the expanded application field, can carry out carbonization, so the technical process of biomass solid shaping can be expressed as: raw material → suitable pulverizing → drying → moulding → carbonization → charcoal, wood chip, rice husk etc. are because granularity is tiny, screening out foreign material can directly use, and stalk, wheat straw need to be crushed to granularity below 10mm through special equipment.The moisture content of living beings is generally 20%～40%, so the drying process that is absolutely necessary.Biomass compact forming technology has multiple, according to the difference of operational characteristic, can be divided into cold pressing compact formed, hot pressing is compact formed and carbonization is compact formed.1. colding pressing compact formed generally is roll-forming, and horizontal shaft type ring model extrusion, perpendicular axis type ring model extrusion and plane roll-forming are arranged.The compact formed technology of colding pressing is usually used in the higher raw material of water content.After raw material enters forming room, under the rotary action of pressure roller or pressing mold, enter between pressing mold and the pressure roller, clamp-on the moulding hole then, the raw material of extruding from the moulding hole is extruded moulding, cuts into the graininess or the patch fuel of certain-length again with cutting knife.This type is mainly used in the wood chip and the crushed straw aggregate of wood-working factory.Former is generally fairly simple, and price is lower, but because the dead angle is bigger, causes that useless energy consumption is big, and the profiled part wearing and tearing are very fast.Be prone to running roller and moulding hole plug phenomenon in the work.And because wetness of fuel is bigger, do not contain adhesive, easily hygroscopic deformation is unfavorable for long preservation, transportation and use.2. hot pressing is compact formed that screw rod is compact formed, piston is compact formed and punching press is compact formed.The compact formed technical process of hot pressing generally is divided into several links such as raw material pulverizing, drying, extruding, heating, guarantor's type.The compact formed machine of screw rod is an Application and Development biomass thermal press forming device early, mainly comprises several parts such as driving machine, drive disk assembly, feeding mechanism, compression screw rod, forming sleeve and electrical heating.The course of work is with the living beings after pulverizing after drying, adds from hopper, and spiral is pushed and entered in the forming sleeve, and is pressed into bar-shaped finished product with holes through screw rod, extrudes from forming sleeve continuously.The technical problem underlying of restriction screw rod make-up machine development is screw rod and forming sleeve serious wear, and service life is short.The compact formed machine of piston and punching type has changed the mode of action between profiled part and the raw material, when significantly improving profiled part service life, has also reduced the energy consumption of unit product.Raw material is sent between compression by machinery or wind-force form after crushed.When piston or drift advance, raw material are compressed moulding, and send into guarantor's type tube.The general cost of piston and impact molding machine is higher, and vibration noise is big, owing to be interrupted extruding, the forming blocks quality has high low contrast sometimes.Particularly require the raw material moisture content less, shaped fuel expands, loose even dangerous " blowing out " phenomenon of appearance otherwise can make.3. the essential characteristic of the compact formed technology of carbonization is, at first with biomass material charing or part charing, and then adds a certain amount of adhesive extrusion modling.Because the raw cellulose structure is damaged in carbonization process, high molecular component is subjected to thermal cracking to convert charcoal to, and emits volatile matter, and the wearing and tearing of profiled part and energy consumption are all obviously reduced.But it is relatively poor that the raw material after the charing is kept the ability of set shape, so generally will add adhesive.
The difficult problem of the technology of prior biological matter solid forming: one, unstable product quality yields poorly two, the energy consumption height, three, consumable accessory is too short service life.These cause prior biological matter solid forming product than fossil energy cost height, have restricted the biomass solid forming The Application of Technology and have promoted.
In order to solve the difficult problem of prior biological matter solid forming technology, and then the combustion system technological process of change prior biological mass-energy, reach low-cost applying biological mass-energy, the invention provides a kind of equipment for compressing and compacting biomass, by utilizing the directly compressing and compacting moulding of living beings (not needing suitable pulverizing, drying, moulding heating) of the spiral that shrinks gradually and shell to initial state.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: by driving machine, and transmission device, shell, material inlet, feed auger, compression spiral, in a kind of equipment for compressing and compacting biomass that products export is formed, the shell of parcel compression spiral equally shrinks with the compression spiral.After starting equipment for compressing and compacting biomass of the present invention, the driving machine drive transmission will be shifted the compression spiral onto by feed auger from the biomass material of material inlet, and the shell of contraction, is released from products export the material compressing and compacting with the compression spiral.
The present invention's technical scheme preferably can be: with spiral interruption one or the many places of feed auger with the compression spiral, installation one or multistage reverse acting spiral are used for cutting the material that is wrapped on the axle on the interruptions axle.
The present invention's technical scheme preferably can be: the spiral of feed auger and compression spiral is interrupted one or many places, on the shell of interruptions correspondence, install one or many knifes edge meet cutter to the material movement direction, be used for cutting the material that is wrapped on the axle.
The present invention's technical scheme preferably can be: with spiral interruption one or the many places of feed auger with the compression spiral, installation one or multistage reverse acting spiral on the interruptions axle, on the shell of interruptions correspondence, install simultaneously one or many knifes edge meet cutter to the material movement direction, be used for cutting the material that is wrapped on the axle.
The present invention's technical scheme preferably can be: at products export cutter sweep is installed, the bar shaped article of compressing and compacting is cut into the shape of needs.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, one, the formed product steady quality of compressing and compacting, output height, two, energy consumption is low, three, the consumable accessory long service life.These make and adopt the present invention to produce the biomass solid forming product well below the fossil energy cost, help the biomass solid forming The Application of Technology and promote.
The forming principle of equipment for compressing and compacting biomass of the present invention is different fully with the principle of prior biological matter solid forming, it is to utilize the area of spiral and corresponding shell to shrink to realize compressing and compacting biomass, utilizes the spiral rotation that biomass material is led mutually around, engagement and forms stable shape.
Compare with the technical process of prior biological matter solid forming, do not need biomass material is carried out suitable fragmentation, drying does not need heating during moulding, therefore simplify the biomass solid forming system greatly, equipment investment reduces greatly, power consumption reduces greatly, constant product quality, output height, be normal temperature compressed compact formed in addition, consumable accessory increases service life.
Another beneficial effect of the present invention is the technological process that has changed existing several biomass combustion modes.Equipment for compressing and compacting biomass of the present invention is simple in structure, in light weight, driving machine can adopt power such as motor or farm machinery driving, can move to easily near the living beings with farm machinery, be processed into compact formed product nearby, transport then, store, a kind of effective instrument is created in this collection that is into the living beings of face distribution, also will change the technological process of above-mentioned several biomass combustion modes greatly, become: the compressing and compacting biomass moulding and---collect and---stack (storage)---feeding system---cooking stove, boiler dedicated, gasification furnace.Living beings volume after the compression is little, density big, convenient transportation, compiling costs is significantly reduced, the storage location is little, and the same coal of feeding system does not need pretreatment system, only need design specialized biomass energy boiler, gasification furnace, simplify the system of these several biomass combustion modes greatly, reduce equipment investment greatly, this will cause that the mode of biomass utilization, the essence of method change, the biomass utilization cost is reduced greatly, quicken the development and use of biological energy source.
Another beneficial effect of the present invention is that the peasant utilizes collection of biological mass-energy of the present invention, solves numerous urban residents and lives with can problem, improves production and living conditions in rural areas, and preserves the ecological environment and consolidates the ecological construction achievement, effectively improves farmers' income.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is a structure principle chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is A among Fig. 1-A profilograph.
1. driving machines among the figure, 2. transmission device, 3. shell, 4. material inlet, 5. reverse acting spiral, 6. compression spiral, 7. products export, 8. feed auger, 9. cutter, 10. cutter sweep.
In Fig. 1, driving machine 1 drive transmission 2 will be shifted compression spiral 6 onto by feed auger 8 from the biomass material of material inlet 4, the shell 3 of contraction with compression spirals 6 with the material compressing and compacting from 7 one-tenth bar-shaped releases of products export.For avoiding material to be wrapped in causing on the axle bite, interrupt a place at the spiral of compression spiral 6, reverse acting spiral 5 is installed, 2 knifes edge are installed on the shell 3 of corresponding interruptions are met cutter 9 to the material movement direction, be used for cutting the material that is wrapped on the axle.Also can start 10 pairs of cutter sweeps and cut from 7 one-tenth bar shaped articles of products export, the length of cutting satisfies customer requirements.
In Fig. 2, the cutter 9 that 2 knifes edge are met to material is installed on the shell 3 along same diameter symmetry.
Claims (5)
1. an equipment for compressing and compacting biomass comprises driving machine, transmission device, and shell, material inlet, feed auger, the compression spiral, products export is characterized in that: the shell of parcel compression spiral equally shrinks with the compression spiral.
2. equipment for compressing and compacting biomass according to claim 1 is characterized in that: with spiral interruption one or the many places of feed auger with the compression spiral, installation one or multistage reverse acting spiral are used for cutting the material that is wrapped on the axle on the interruptions axle.
3. equipment for compressing and compacting biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: with spiral interruption one or the many places of feed auger with the compression spiral, on the shell of interruptions correspondence, install one or many knifes edge meet cutter to the material movement direction, be used for cutting the material that is wrapped on the axle.
4. equipment for compressing and compacting biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: with spiral interruption one or the many places of feed auger with the compression spiral, installation one or multistage reverse acting spiral on the interruptions axle, on the shell of interruptions correspondence, install simultaneously one or many knifes edge meet cutter to the material movement direction, be used for cutting the material that is wrapped on the axle.
5. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described equipment for compressing and compacting biomass, it is characterized in that: at products export cutter sweep is installed, the bar shaped article of compressing and compacting is cut into the shape of needs.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2009100074907A CN101474885A (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2009-02-13 | Equipment for compressing and compacting biomass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2009100074907A CN101474885A (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2009-02-13 | Equipment for compressing and compacting biomass |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101474885A true CN101474885A (en) | 2009-07-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNA2009100074907A Pending CN101474885A (en) | 2009-02-13 | 2009-02-13 | Equipment for compressing and compacting biomass |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101871650A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-10-27 | 沈阳工程学院 | Double hydraulic heating straw compression molding process and equipment |
| CN101907302A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2010-12-08 | 华北电力大学 | Built-in biomass screw feeder |
| CN102021059A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-04-20 | 华北电力大学 | Forming method for modifying biomass fuel by rapid thermal treatment process |
| CN104369412A (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2015-02-25 | 河南天冠纤维乙醇有限公司 | Novel straw compression forming equipment |
| CN105619868A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-06-01 | 柳州东侯生物能源科技有限公司 | Fuel molding equipment |
| CN109664540A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-04-23 | 磐石市富元机械厂 | Stalk de-watering extrusion molding machine |
-
2009
- 2009-02-13 CN CNA2009100074907A patent/CN101474885A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101871650A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2010-10-27 | 沈阳工程学院 | Double hydraulic heating straw compression molding process and equipment |
| CN101907302A (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2010-12-08 | 华北电力大学 | Built-in biomass screw feeder |
| CN101907302B (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2013-01-16 | 华北电力大学 | Built-in biomass screw feeder |
| CN102021059A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-04-20 | 华北电力大学 | Forming method for modifying biomass fuel by rapid thermal treatment process |
| CN102021059B (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2013-07-31 | 华北电力大学 | Forming method for modifying biomass fuel by rapid thermal treatment process |
| CN104369412A (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2015-02-25 | 河南天冠纤维乙醇有限公司 | Novel straw compression forming equipment |
| CN104369412B (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2016-01-27 | 河南天冠纤维乙醇有限公司 | A kind of straw compressing and forming equipment |
| CN105619868A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-06-01 | 柳州东侯生物能源科技有限公司 | Fuel molding equipment |
| CN109664540A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-04-23 | 磐石市富元机械厂 | Stalk de-watering extrusion molding machine |
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Application publication date: 20090708 |