CN101460737A - 风力涡轮机操作方法 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机操作方法 Download PDF

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CN101460737A
CN101460737A CNA200780018408XA CN200780018408A CN101460737A CN 101460737 A CN101460737 A CN 101460737A CN A200780018408X A CNA200780018408X A CN A200780018408XA CN 200780018408 A CN200780018408 A CN 200780018408A CN 101460737 A CN101460737 A CN 101460737A
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E·尼姆
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
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    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
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    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
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    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/322—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters the detection or prediction of a wind gust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05B2270/00—Control
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    • F05B2270/327—Rotor or generator speeds
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Abstract

在过度风力情况下操作包括叶片桨距控制机构的变速风力涡轮机的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：a)检测过度风力的存在；b)以所述风力涡轮机叶片桨距控制机构允许的最大速度在6至14度的范围内进行桨距的迅速增加。该方法还包括附加步骤：c)改变发电机速度以避免发电机加速度极大增加，这种增加将导致需要随后的步骤b)。

Description

风力涡轮机操作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及风力涡轮机操作方法，尤其涉及在过度工作风力情况下的风力涡轮机操作方法。
背景技术
具有桨距控制机构的变速风力涡轮机在该技术领域中是已知的。
这些控制机构至少包括执行器和连接到控制装置的调节传动装置。
所述控制装置接收来自所选风力涡轮机组件的输入数据并将输出数据发送给执行器，以根据一定的规则改变叶片的角度位置，从而可以实现用于优化功率产生并在高风速的情况下保护风力涡轮机或者避免风力涡轮机出故障的操作方法。
这些情况之一是对叶片根部和塔底等主要结构组件产生过度负荷的过度工作风力。在此情况下，已知的技术通常建议使用所述控制机构来关闭涡轮机。例如，WO2004/077068描述了使用激光雷达机构在风力变化到达涡轮机塔之前很早就检测风力，从而能够使用桨距控制机构调节叶片。
本发明的目的是一种处理该情况的方法，用于保持风力涡轮机工作并使叶片根部和塔底中的弯曲力矩最小化。
发明内容
为了实现所述目的，本发明提供一种用于在过度工作风力的情况下操作具有桨距控制机构的变速风力涡轮机的方法，该方法的特征在于包括以下步骤：
a)检测过度工作风力的存在；
b)以风力涡轮机桨距控制机构允许的最大桨距速率在6至14度的范围内进行桨距角度的迅速增加。
在一优选实施例中，该方法还包括以下附加步骤：
c)改变发电机速度以避免大发电机加速度，该大发电机加速度可能导致需要随后的步骤b)。
在一优选实施例中，当在最小的预定时间段期间发电机加速度高于预定值时检测到过度工作风力的存在。
在另一优选实施例中，使用激光雷达机构检测过度工作风力的存在。
从以下对照附图对本发明的说明性而非限制性实施例的详细描述中，将理解本发明的其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明的方法的框图。
图2示出在11米/秒的过度工作风力的情况中在根据本发明的操作方法下风力涡轮机的模拟响应的几个时间序列。
具体实施方式
国际标准IEC 61400-1第二版规定了50年过度工作风力(50-yearExtreme Operating Gust，EOG50)的极限设计负荷情况，其描述了具有规定大小和特征类高斯形状的相干风力。
在该风力下运行而不停机的操作策略下，所述负荷情况可能在风力涡轮机中产生如下负效应：
-转子和发电机大超速；
-叶片根部中的过度弯曲力矩；
-叶片向塔过度偏转；
-塔底中的过度弯曲力矩。
在气动弹性模拟中，本申请人发现在EOG50负荷情况和正常功率产生负荷情况之间的主要差别是发电机加速度的大小和持续时间。具体来说，发现在正常操作期间发电机的超速经常超过20％，但是与发电机超速持续较长时间的EOG50负荷情况相比较，该超过的持续时间是相当短的。
因此，根据本发明的方法，用于增加桨距角度的条件是检测到按发电机额定速度(generator nominal speed，GNS)的百分比测量的、范围在10％至30％GNS/秒的发电机加速度预定值，优选实施例为20％GNS/秒，并且其持续时间的预定值在0.2至0.6秒的范围内，优选实施例为0.4秒。
在另一优选实施例中，使用例如WO 2004/077068中公开的安装在转子轮毂中的激光雷达机构来检测风力。
关于桨距角度增加，已经发现在6至14度的范围内，优选在12至14度的范围内，桨距角度的增加对过度叶片弯曲力矩和可能在不同风速出现的过度发电机速度二者都有有利的影响。更大桨距角度的增加不会明显进一步减小过度的最大发电机速度。
应该尽可能快地进行桨距提升，即，以风力涡轮机桨距控制机构允许的最大桨距速率进行，对于大量的当前涡轮机来说，该速率在8-10度/秒的范围内。
快速桨距角度增加可导致能引起另一如上所述桨距提升的临界情况，因为在桨距角度增加之后转子速度立即减小可导致大的加速度。为了避免该效应，根据本发明的方法包括步骤c)，其中在第一子步骤中，发电机速度以按发电机额定速度(GNS)的百分比测量的、范围在1％至4％GNS/秒的速率降低，优选实施例为2％GNS/秒，直到发电机速度达到60％至90％GNS的范围，优选实施例为80％GNS，在第二子步骤中，以范围在0.5％至2％GNS/秒的速率缓慢增加发电机速度，优选实施例为1％GNS/秒，直到达到额定速度。
可以使用如图1中所示的可在公知的变速风力涡轮机中使用的桨距控制机构实施该方法。
桨距控制机构包括叶片11、执行器21、调节传动装置23以及控制装置25。该控制装置接收来自发电机13和/或其它风力涡轮机组件15、17的输入数据并发送输出数据D1给执行器21以根据预定规则改变叶片11的角度位置。
根据本发明的方法，控制装置25接收来自发电机13或安装在转子15中的激光雷达机构的输入数据，并且在检测到过度工作风力之后发送输出数据D1给执行器21从而将叶片11的桨距角度向特定位置增加预定值。通过简单地改变作为控制装置的输入参数的参考值来完成桨距角度增加。
图2中所示的时间序列示出在11m/s的例子中利用根据本发明的操作方法获得的结果。在t＝26秒时启动桨距提升。然后改变发电机速度参考，在大约9秒内达到350rpm，在350rpm停留10秒，然后在大约18秒内达到440rpm的额定值。
尽管已经结合优选实施例充分描述了本发明，但是可以在本发明的范围内进行修改，这是显而易见的，另外应该理解，不是这些实施例而是所附权利要求的内容限定本发明的范围。

Claims (12)

1.用于在过度工作风力情况下操作具有桨距控制机构的变速风力涡轮机的方法，特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：
a)检测过度工作风力的存在；以及
b)以所述风力涡轮机桨距控制机构允许的最大桨距速率在6至14度的范围内进行桨距角度的迅速增加。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于：当范围在0.2秒至0.6秒的最小预定时间期间发电机加速度高于范围在10％至30％GNS/秒的预定值时，检测到所述过度工作风力的存在。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于：所述加速度预定值是20％GNS/秒。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于：所述最小预定值是0.4秒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于：使用安装在所述风力涡轮机轮毂中的激光雷达装置检测过度工作风力的存在。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于：所述桨距角度增加的大小在12-14度的范围内。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于：以8-10度/秒范围的桨距速率进行所述桨距角度的增加。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于还包括以下步骤：
c)改变发电机速度以避免大发电机加速度，该大发电机加速度导致需要随后的步骤b)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于所述步骤c)包括以下子步骤：
c1)以范围在1％至4％GNS/秒的速率减小发电机速度，直到发电机速度值达到60％至90％GNS的范围；
c2)以范围在0.5％至2％GNS/秒的速率增加发电机速度，直到达到额定速度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于：所述发电机速度减小率是2％GNS/秒。
11.根据权利要求9所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于：所述发电机速度值是80％GNS。
12.根据权利要求9所述的变速风力涡轮机操作方法，其特征在于：所述发电机速度增加速率是1％GNS/秒。
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CN102142687A (zh) * 2010-01-04 2011-08-03 维斯塔斯风力系统集团公司 风力涡轮机中的功率消耗单元的操作方法
CN102648345A (zh) * 2009-10-08 2012-08-22 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 风力涡轮机的控制方法
CN105971818A (zh) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-28 通用电气公司 风轮机设定点控制

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US8301310B2 (en) 2012-10-30
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US20090224542A1 (en) 2009-09-10
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EP2022981A1 (en) 2009-02-11
EP2022981B1 (en) 2018-09-12

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