CN101459270A - Tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101459270A CN101459270A CNA2008102398145A CN200810239814A CN101459270A CN 101459270 A CN101459270 A CN 101459270A CN A2008102398145 A CNA2008102398145 A CN A2008102398145A CN 200810239814 A CN200810239814 A CN 200810239814A CN 101459270 A CN101459270 A CN 101459270A
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Abstract
Disclosed are a tunable all-dielectric multiband isotropic zero-refractive flat lens and a fabricating method thereof, wherein the lens comprises an all-dielectric composite flat panel and a temperature control device, the all-dielectric composite flat panel is formed by non-metallic non-magnetic dielectric particles which are periodically arranged or randomly arranged into an array solidified in another epoxy resin substrate, and the dielectric constant of the epoxy resin substrate is far less than that of the dielectric particles. The lens is capable of realizing an effective dielectric constant being zero at certain frequency and an effective magnetic conductivity being zero at certain frequency, thereby realizing zero refraction effect and having the isotropic electromagnetic response characteristic. The controllable zero-refractive effect of temperature is realized by utilizing the sensitive response characteristic of the particle dielectric constant upon the temperature. The lens is capable of realizing zero refraction in the interface for an electromagnetic wave source in the lens, thereby changing the outgoing electromagnetic wave into parallel light rays and improving the directionality of light source, and the tunable all-dielectric multiband isotropic zero-refractive flat lens can be widely applied to the electromagnetic wave communication field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of full medium zero-refraction flat-plate lens, particularly a kind of temperature-tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens.
Background technology
Super material (Metamaterials) is a kind of artificial electromagnetic material, has the not available unusual electromagnetic property of the existing material of nature, is forward position and the hot issue in the research fields such as current physics, materialogy and electromagnetism, has a wide range of applications.Wherein effective dielectric constant and magnetic permeability simultaneously minus super material be called negative refractive index material or left-handed materials (Left-handed metamaterials, LHMs).Usually, LHMs is made up of the metal structure unit with electromagnetic response, (Split ring resonators SRRs) realizes negative magnetoconductivity and negative permittivity, omega structure unit, fishing net structure and fractal dendritic structure etc. respectively with the Metallic rod construction unit as typical metal openings resonant ring.
Another kind of refractive index is that zero super material is called zero refractive material, has unique electromagnetic property.The flat-plate lens that utilizes the super material of zero refraction to make can make the electromagnetic wave of propagating therein in the zero refraction effect of the generation at the interface of lens, propagates along the normal direction of flat board and use the radio magnetic wave, has become approximate directional light, has improved the directivity of light source.Thereby zero-refraction flat-plate lens can be widely used in improving electromagnetic communication fields such as the directivity, phase-shifter of antenna and wave source.At present, zero refractive material is made up of the metal structure unit with electromagnetic response usually, and two kinds of construction units realize that respectively dielectric constant is zero or magnetic permeability is zero, are difficult to utilize the zero refraction effect that realizes different frequency range with a kind of metal structure unit simultaneously.Simultaneously, be anisotropic based on the electromagnetic response characteristic of the zero refractive material of metal structure unit, promptly only on certain direction, have zero refraction effect, make that electromagnetic wave that some direction propagates can not parallel outgoing, limited its range of application greatly.In addition because the frequency range of super material generation electromagnetic resonance is all narrower and sample once design and processing, its electromagnetic response frequency and realize that zero frequency range that reflects is just immutable has limited its practical application.Thereby, design a kind of dynamic-tuning zero refractive material and just seem particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to utilize a kind of Mie nonmetal, nonmagnetic media particle resonance at different levels to realize zero dielectric constant and zero magnetic permeability, thereby realize the multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction effect; And utilize the sensitive response characteristic of the dielectric constant of dielectric grain to temperature, a kind of tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens and preparation method thereof are provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Described lens are made up of full medium composite material flat plate and attemperating unit, described full medium composite material flat plate becomes array by a kind of nonmetal, nonmagnetic media particle periodic arrangement or random alignment and is solidificated in the another kind of epoxy resin-base and forms, and the dielectric constant of described epoxy resin is less than the dielectric constant of described nonmetal, nonmagnetic media particle; Described isotropism zero-refraction flat-plate lens utilizes the electric resonance of dielectric grain and magnetic resonance to realize zero dielectric constant and zero magnetic permeability respectively, thereby realizes zero refraction; And utilize the media particle dielectric constant that the sensitive response characteristic of temperature is realized temperature adjustable zero refraction effect.
The media particle of lens of the present invention is that dielectric grain and the micro-wave dielectric constant when 25 ℃ of room temperatures are 195～750; The volume fraction that described media particle is simple cubic lattice arrangement or even at random distribution and particle is 5%～30%; Described media particle is that cubic block or the diameter of the length of side 0.5～3.0mm is the ball of 0.5～3.0mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens, and this method comprises the steps:
1) utilizes equal pressing forming technology, medium powder is pressed into column blank body;
2) with the column idiosome in electric furnace 300～600 ℃ carry out binder removal, and then the sintering that carried out 3～6 hours under 1300～1500 ℃ of temperature conditions obtains fine and close column ceramic dielectric block;
3) utilize the laser ceramics micro-processing technology that ceramics pole is cut into medium cubic block that the length of side is 0.5～3.0mm or cubic block is ground into the medium ball that diameter is 0.5～3.0mm;
4) media particle is simple cubic lattice is arranged or evenly arranged evenly at random and utilize epoxy resin to be cured to obtain media particle to be dispersed in complex material in the epoxy resin, cuts into the complex media flat board of different size then;
5) above-mentioned complex media flat board is placed among the temperature regulating device,, obtains the tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens by regulating the dielectric constant that variations in temperature is regulated media particle.
The present invention has the following advantages and the high-lighting effect: the present invention utilizes the Mie of media particle resonance at different levels to realize the zero normal and zero magnetic permeability of dielectric, thereby realizes the zero refraction effect of multiband; And the dielectric constant that utilizes dielectric grain is realized a kind of tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens to the sensitive response characteristic of temperature.This invention has important academic significance and using value, for super material has been given intelligent characteristic, and the electromagnetic communication field such as directivity, phase-shifter that will be applied to improve antenna and wave source.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is simple cubic lattice by media particle (dielectric constant is 195, and the length of side is 1.75mm, and lattice constant is 3.0mm) and arranges the zero-refraction flat-plate lens that the forms dispersion of refractive index curve with temperature-tunable.
The antenna pattern of utmost point sub antenna in (frequency is 11.85GHz) flat-plate lens when Fig. 3 is 1 when refractive index.
The antenna pattern of utmost point sub antenna in (effective permeability is zero, and frequency is 10.82GHz) flat-plate lens when Fig. 4 is 0 when refractive index.
The antenna pattern of utmost point sub antenna in (effective dielectric constant is zero, and frequency is 14.34GHz, and dielectric constant is zero) flat-plate lens when Fig. 5 is 0 when refractive index.
Among the figure: 1-media particle; 2-epoxy resin-base; The hole of 3-placement antenna; 4-attemperating unit; 5-utmost point sub antenna; 6-exit plane electromagnetic wave.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is provided for wood by the structural representation of the tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens that provide, described lens are made up of full medium composite material flat plate and attemperating unit, described full medium composite material flat plate becomes array by a kind of nonmetal, nonmagnetic media particle 1 periodic arrangement or random alignment and is solidificated in the another kind of epoxy resin-base 2 and forms, and the dielectric constant of described epoxy resin 2 is much smaller than the dielectric constant of described nonmetal, nonmagnetic media particle; Described isotropism zero-refraction flat-plate lens utilizes the electric resonance of dielectric grain and magnetic resonance to realize zero dielectric constant and zero magnetic permeability respectively, thereby realizes zero refraction; And utilize the media particle dielectric constant that the sensitive response characteristic of temperature is realized temperature adjustable zero refraction effect.The ferroelectric material of micro-wave dielectric constant in 195～750 scopes formed when dielectric grain 1 can be by 25 ℃ of room temperatures, as Ba
xSr
1-xTiO
3, BaTiO
3, Pb
xSr
1-xTiO
3Deng.The media particle of lens of the present invention is that dielectric grain and the micro-wave dielectric constant when 25 ℃ of room temperatures are 195～750.The volume fraction that described media particle is simple cubic lattice arrangement or even at random distribution and particle is 5%～30%; Described media particle is that cubic block or the diameter of the length of side 0.5～3.0mm is the ball of 0.5～3.0mm.
Working mechanism of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is a kind of tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens, its core at first is to utilize the electromagnetic resonance not at the same level time of media particle to realize isotropism zero dielectric constant and zero magnetic permeability of different frequency range, secondly is to utilize the variation characteristic of media particle dielectric constant with temperature to realize the temperature adjustable of zero refraction frequency range.
As everyone knows, refractive index n is the function of DIELECTRIC CONSTANT and magnetic permeability μ, promptly
。When dielectric constant and magnetic permeability have at least one to be zero, refractive index will occur and equal zero.Here, utilize the electromagnetic scattering characteristic and the active medium theory of high dielectric constant particle, by selecting suitable media particle material (size of particle, dielectric constant etc.) just can make that the effective permeability of flat-plate lens or effective dielectric constant are zero in a certain frequency range, thereby realized a kind of zero refractive index flat-plate lens of only forming by nonmetal, nonmagnetic full media particle unit.
The dielectric constant of media particle changes with the variation of extra electric field, temperature, stress etc., thereby can regulate its dielectric property by changing temperature, and then realizes the temperature adjustable characteristic of its effective permeability or effective dielectric constant.
At first prepare media particle.With medium powder (Ba
0.5Sr
0.5TiO
3The mixture of powder and MgO powder) mixes with a certain amount of alcohol and put into ball grinder and carried out ball milling 24 hours, then 60 ℃ of medium powders that oven dry alcohol obtains mixing in baking oven; With medium powder and the even mixing granulation of a certain amount of polyvinyl alcohol resin and utilize equal pressing forming technology to be pressed into column blank body; With the blank body in electric furnace 300～600 ℃ carry out binder removal, and then the sintering that carried out 3～6 hours under 1300～1500 ℃ of temperature conditions obtains fine and close column ceramic block; Utilize the laser ceramics micro-processing technology that ceramics pole is cut into medium cubic block 1 that the length of side is 0.5～3.0mm or cubic block is ground into the medium ball 1 that diameter is 0.5～3.0mm.
Then media particle is that simple cubic lattice is arranged or evenly arranged evenly at random and utilize epoxy resin 2 to be cured to obtain media particle to be dispersed in complex material in the epoxy resin, cuts into the complex media flat board of different size then; At last, above-mentioned media plate is placed among the temperature regulating device 4,, obtains the tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens by regulating the dielectric constant that variations in temperature is regulated media particle.Thereby realize the dielectric constant of variations in temperature adjusting media particle by regulating temperature regulating device, realize the temperature-tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens.Utmost point sub antenna 5 magnetic wave that generates electricity has obtained exit plane electromagnetic wave 6 behind zero-refraction flat-plate lens.
The performance of implementation procedure of the present invention and material is by embodiment and description of drawings:
Embodiment 1:
With mass ratio is the Ba of 20:3
0.5Sr
0.5TiO
3Mix with a certain amount of alcohol with the MgO powder and put into ball grinder and carried out ball milling 24 hours, then 60 ℃ of medium powders that oven dry alcohol obtains mixing in baking oven; With the even mixing granulation of the polyvinyl alcohol resin of medium powder and 5wt% and utilize equal pressing forming technology to be pressed into column blank body; With the blank body in electric furnace 300～600 ℃ carry out binder removal, and then sintering obtained fine and close column ceramic block in 3 hours under 1400 ℃ of temperature conditions; Utilize the laser ceramics micro-processing technology that ceramics pole is cut into the medium cubic block 1 of the length of side for 1.75mm, the micro-wave dielectric constant during 25 ℃ of its room temperatures is 195.
The medium cubic block is arranged in the simple cubic lattice that lattice constant is 3.0mm, volume fraction is 30%, and utilize 2 pairs of periodic lattice structures of epoxy resin to be cured to obtain media particle to be dispersed in complex material (volume fraction of medium cubic block is 20%) in the epoxy resin, then composite material is cut into the flat-plate lens that the length of side is 40mm * 20mm * 10mm; Utilize bench drill to make a call to the through hole 3 of a diameter at the center of flat-plate lens, and in the hole, insert a monopole antenna 5 for 3.0mm; At last, above-mentioned media plate is placed among the temperature regulating device 4, obtains the tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens.
By Fig. 2 is the tunable characteristic of the dispersion of refractive index curve of flat-plate lens with temperature.As seen from the figure, this flat-plate lens can have two zero refraction frequency bands, and zero refraction frequency band can move to high frequency with the rising of temperature.This is that the dielectric constant with temperature of dielectric grain increases and reduces simultaneously, thereby zero refraction frequency moves to high frequency with the rising of temperature because the electromagnetic resonance frequency of dielectric grain reduces with the increase of dielectric constant.
In order to verify the zero refraction effect of this flat-plate lens, in flat-plate lens, inserted monopole antenna 5, the directional diagram of monopole antenna institute launching electromagnetic wave 6 is shown in Fig. 3,4,5.As seen from Figure 3, when f=11.85GHz, its refractive index is 1, and the electromagnetic directivity of outgoing is very poor, does not have the improvement of realization to utmost point sub antenna directivity.As seen from Figure 4, when f=10.82GHz, magnetic permeability is zero, and refractive index is approximately zero, and the electromagnetic directivity of outgoing is fine, realizes the outgoing of utmost point sub antenna almost plane ripple, has well improved the directivity of antenna.As seen from Figure 5, when f=14.34GHz, dielectric constant is zero, and refractive index is approximately zero, and the electromagnetic directivity of outgoing is fine, realizes the outgoing of utmost point sub antenna almost plane ripple, has well improved the directivity of antenna.When variations in temperature, corresponding zero refraction frequency range also can change.Thereby, realized the frequency-tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens.
Embodiment 2:
With embodiment one, be the Ba of 9:1 with mass ratio
0.5Sr
0.5TiO
3With MgO powder ball milling and utilize equal pressing forming technology to be pressed into column blank body; With blank body binder removal and 1400 ℃ of column ceramic blocks that are sintered to densification in electric furnace; Utilize the laser ceramics micro-processing technology that ceramics pole is cut into the medium cubic block 1 of the length of side for 0.5mm, the micro-wave dielectric constant during 25 ℃ of its room temperatures is 350.
The medium cubic block is arranged in the simple cubic lattice that lattice constant is 1.0mm, volume fraction is 12.5%, and utilize 2 pairs of periodic lattice structures of epoxy resin to be cured to obtain media particle to be dispersed in complex material in the epoxy resin, then composite material is cut into writing board shape; Utilize bench drill to make a call to the through hole 3 of a diameter at the center of flat-plate lens, and in the hole, dispose a monopole antenna 5 for 3.0mm; At last, above-mentioned media plate is placed among the temperature regulating device 4, obtains the tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens.
Embodiment 3:
With embodiment one, with Pb
xSr
1-xTiO
3The powder ball milling also utilizes equal pressing forming technology to be pressed into column blank body; With blank body binder removal and 1300 ℃ of column ceramic blocks that are sintered to densification in electric furnace; Utilize the laser ceramics micro-processing technology that ceramics pole is cut into the medium cubic block 1 of the length of side for 3.0mm, the micro-wave dielectric constant during 25 ℃ of its room temperatures is 450.
The medium cubic block is arranged in the simple cubic lattice that lattice constant is 8.0mm, volume fraction is 5%, and utilize 2 pairs of periodic lattice structures of epoxy resin to be cured to obtain media particle to be dispersed in complex material in the epoxy resin, then composite material is cut into writing board shape; Utilize bench drill to make a call to the through hole 3 of a diameter at the center of flat-plate lens, and in the hole, dispose a monopole antenna 5 for 3.0mm; At last, above-mentioned media plate is placed among the temperature regulating device 4, obtains the tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens.
Embodiment 4:
With embodiment one, be the Ba of 100:3 with mass ratio
0.5Sr
0.5TiO
3With MgO powder ball milling and utilize equal pressing forming technology to be pressed into column blank body; With blank body binder removal and 1500 ℃ of column ceramic blocks that are sintered to densification in electric furnace; Utilize the laser ceramics micro-processing technology that ceramics pole is cut into the medium cubic block of the length of side for 3.0mm, then its ball milling being become diameter is the medium ball 1 of 1.0mm, and the micro-wave dielectric constant during 25 ℃ of its room temperatures is 750.
At random evenly spread in epoxy resin 2 with 5% volume fraction medium ball 1 and solidify and obtain media particle and be dispersed in complex material in the epoxy resin, then composite material is cut into writing board shape; At last, above-mentioned media plate is placed among the temperature regulating device 4, obtains the tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens.
Embodiment 5:
With embodiment one, utilize equal pressing forming technology with BaTiO
3Pressed by powder becomes column blank body; With blank body binder removal and 1300 ℃ of column ceramic blocks that are sintered to densification in electric furnace; Utilize the laser ceramics micro-processing technology that ceramics pole is cut into the medium cubic block of the length of side for 2.0mm, then its ball milling being become diameter is the medium ball 1 of 0.5mm, and the micro-wave dielectric constant during 25 ℃ of its room temperatures is 200.
At random evenly spread in epoxy resin 2 with 30% volume fraction medium ball 1 and solidify and obtain media particle and be dispersed in complex material in the epoxy resin, then composite material is cut into writing board shape; At last, above-mentioned media plate is placed among the temperature regulating device 4, obtains the tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens.
Claims (5)
1. tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens, it is characterized in that: described lens are made up of full medium composite material flat plate and attemperating unit, described full medium composite material flat plate becomes array by a kind of nonmetal, nonmagnetic media particle periodic arrangement or random alignment and is solidificated in the another kind of epoxy resin-base and forms, and the dielectric constant of described epoxy resin is less than the dielectric constant of described nonmetal, nonmagnetic media particle; Described isotropism zero-refraction flat-plate lens utilizes the electric resonance of dielectric grain and magnetic resonance to realize zero dielectric constant and zero magnetic permeability respectively, thereby realizes zero refraction; And utilize the media particle dielectric constant that the sensitive response characteristic of temperature is realized temperature adjustable zero refraction effect.
2. according to the described tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens of claim 1, it is characterized in that: media particle is that dielectric grain and the micro-wave dielectric constant when 25 ℃ of room temperatures are 195～750.
3. according to the described tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the volume fraction that described media particle is simple cubic lattice arrangement or even at random distribution and particle is 5%～30%.
4. according to the described tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described media particle is that cubic block or the diameter of the length of side 0.5～3.0mm is the ball of 0.5～3.0mm.
5. the preparation method of tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
1) utilizes equal pressing forming technology, medium powder is pressed into column blank body;
2) with the column idiosome in electric furnace 300 ℃～600 ℃ carry out binder removal, and then the sintering that carried out 3 hours～6 hours under 1300 ℃～1500 ℃ temperature conditions obtains fine and close column ceramic block;
3) utilize the laser ceramics micro-processing technology that the column ceramic block is cut into the medium cubic block of the length of side for 0.5mm～3.0mm, perhaps the medium cubic block is ground into the medium ball that diameter is 0.5mm～3.0mm;
4) media particle is simple cubic lattice is arranged or evenly arranged evenly at random and utilize epoxy resin to be cured to obtain media particle to be dispersed in complex material in the epoxy resin, cuts into the complex media flat board of different size then;
5) above-mentioned complex media flat board is placed among the temperature regulating device,, obtains the tunable full medium multi-frequency band isotrope zero-refraction flat-plate lens by regulating the dielectric constant that variations in temperature is regulated media particle.
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| CN106410420A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-02-15 | 华南理工大学 | Novel metamaterial with negative equivalent permittivity and equivalent magnetic permeability |
| CN109167177A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-08 | 清华大学 | Tunable full medium artificial electromagnetic material and its application |
| CN109167177B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-09-29 | 清华大学 | Tunable full-medium artificial electromagnetic material and application thereof |
| CN109216854A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-15 | 北京环境特性研究所 | A kind of the split ring resonator unit and plane microwave lens of media filler |
| CN110061335A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-07-26 | 南京星隐科技发展有限公司 | The preparation method of zero index waveguide structure and zero refraction materials |
| CN111900545A (en) * | 2020-08-16 | 2020-11-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-directionality plano-concave lens containing ENZ metamaterial sandwich layer with non-uniform thickness |
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