CN103995304A - Preparation method of all-dielectricthree-dimensional broadband gradient refractive index lens - Google Patents
Preparation method of all-dielectricthree-dimensional broadband gradient refractive index lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN103995304A CN103995304A CN201410083618.9A CN201410083618A CN103995304A CN 103995304 A CN103995304 A CN 103995304A CN 201410083618 A CN201410083618 A CN 201410083618A CN 103995304 A CN103995304 A CN 103995304A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a full-medium all-dielectric three-dimensional broadband gradient refractive index lens. The preparation method comprises the steps of achieving a part with lower dielectric constant by utilizing a metamaterial-scale three-dimensional photonic crystal with a gradually-changed space structure parameter, achieving a part with a larger dielectric constant by adopting a mixed liquid medium in different mixing ratios, assembling a space structure parameter gradient metamaterial-scale three-dimensional photonic crystal structure the metamaterial-scale three-dimensional photonic crystal with a gradually-changed space structure parameter and a multi-layer frame filled with the mixed liquid medium according to dielectric constant distribution, and then obtaining the prepared full-medium all-dielectric three-dimensional broadband gradient refractive index lens. The lens can achieve a very broad refractive index variation range, can achieve impedance matching with an air background, and has the advantages of low loss, broadband and the like due to the non-resonance characteristic of the lens and the low loss characteristic of a material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to super material and gradient-index lens field, relate to a kind of preparation method of three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium.
Background technology
The Gradient Refractive Index Materials is at the graded index device important role in order to realize Electromagnetic Wave Propagation regulation and control.Traditional the Gradient Refractive Index Materials preparation method is as, ion exchange process, sol-gal process, chemical vapour deposition technique, organic polymer technique, crystal growth and neutron irradiation method etc., all there is different restrictions, as too high cost of manufacture and complicated manufacture craft, limited variations in refractive index scope, the electromagnetic wave loss of used medium is large etc.
Gradient-index lens, as Max Wei Er fish-eye lens, the vigorous lens of dragon, Eton lens etc., is typical graded index device.They have important using value in fields such as imaging, radar, antennas.In recent years, the research of transform optics and super material has promoted the development of gradient-index lens.For example: utilize transform optics theory " to remove " the Eton index of refraction in lens extreme value in distributing, and complete making with super material; The index distribution of lens is compressed, to reduce its volume; By conversion the refractive index profile shape of the vigorous lens of dragon " is flattened ", make its focus be positioned at plane and with conventional planar antenna matching, etc.But the development that transform optics and super material bring, still be limited by the realization of three-dimensional gradient refraction materials, how realize its wideband performance and large variations in refractive index scope is also difficult point: the use of the super material of resonance metal will cause larger loss and single bandwidth; The super material of disresonance metal has wider working frequency range, but still is difficult to extend to three-dimensional; On the dielectric-slab of piling up in stratiform, beat the hole of sub-wavelength dimensions, can realize three-dimensional graded index changes, but due to the restriction of its manufactured materials, be difficult to realize larger variations in refractive index scope, and its intrinsic TWO-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULAR CYLINDER pore property damages Three-Dimensional Isotropic; Mixing particulate material based on full medium, as titanate, also can be realized the variation of three-dimensional refractive index in space, however the control inconvenience of refractive index, and be still limited by less variations in refractive index scope, do not mate with air impedance.
How realizing the Gradient Refractive Index Materials with wideband performance and larger ranges of indices of refraction, is the emphasis of realizing three-dimensional gradient index lens.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is the preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens that a kind of full medium is provided, surpass material and mixed liquid medium to realize the method for three-dimensional gradient refraction materials by three-dimensional, and utilize Introduction To Stereolithography, make the gradient-index lens with wideband performance and large variations in refractive index scope at microwave frequency band (GHz).
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A preparation method for the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium, comprises the following steps:
1) according to the electromagnetic wave working frequency range of gradient-index lens, it,, about the discrete sandwich construction that turns to of three-dimensional index distribution, is calculated to the index distribution that obtains each discrete layer, and according to the relation of the specific inductive capacity of nonmagnetic medium and refractive index
obtaining corresponding specific inductive capacity distributes;
2), for the less part of specific inductive capacity, utilize the super material yardstick three-D photon crystal of forest spatial structure parameters gradual change to realize; And according to the result of specific inductive capacity distribution discretize, design the super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure cad model of spacing gradient structure;
By the super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure cad model of designed spacing gradient structure, conversion STL formatted file, imports in photocureable rapid shaping machine; Taking photosensitive resin as material, adopt photocurable quick shaping process to be made into type;
3), for the larger part of specific inductive capacity, adopt the mixed liquid medium with different mixing proportion to realize; According to the result of specific inductive capacity distribution discretize, design the cad model for the multistory frame structure of splendid attire mixed liquid medium;
By the cad model of multistory frame structure, conversion STL formatted file, imports in photocureable rapid shaping machine; Taking photosensitive resin as material, adopt photocurable quick shaping process to be made into type;
Mix thering is the liquid of high-k and the liquid of low-k, obtain the mixed liquid medium of required effective dielectric constant by adjusting blending ratio; The mixed liquid medium with different proportionings configuring is injected into the multistory frame for splendid attire mixed liquid medium, and encapsulates;
4) distribution of the super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure of forest spatial structure parameters gradual change and the multistory frame that injects mixed liquid medium being pressed to specific inductive capacity is assembled, the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of the full medium that obtains completing.
The working frequency range of described gradient-index lens is positioned at microwave region.
The described multistory frame structure for splendid attire mixed liquid medium, the little order of magnitude of electromagnetic wavelength of the Thickness Ratio working frequency range of every layer.
In described super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure, the electromagnetic wavelength much smaller than working frequency range of the grating constant of three-D photon crystal.
The forest spatial structure parameters of described super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure fades to: change three-D photon crystal single cell structure parameter and keep grating constant constant, to change the dutycycle of its composition material; Relation between the local effective dielectric constant of dutycycle and three-D photon crystal is calculated by following formula: ε
eff=f ε
resin+ (1-f) ε
air, wherein ε
efffor effective dielectric constant, f is medium dutycycle, ε
resinfor the specific inductive capacity of photosensitive resin material used in photocuring shaping technique.
The specific inductive capacity of described gradient-index lens distributes about being described by following equation
ε
r=n=1 ，r>a (1)
Wherein, ε
rrepresent that specific inductive capacity distributes; N is refractive index, and r represents the radius as space point, the radius that a is spherical three-dimensional lens; Mate with air impedance at boundary specific inductive capacity; Sharply increase and level off to infinite near initial point place specific inductive capacity.
In the scope that is 1～3 in the variation range of specific inductive capacity, utilize the super material yardstick three-D photon crystal of forest spatial structure parameters gradual change to realize, the employing in the variation of specific inductive capacity more than 3 has the mixed liquid medium of different mixing proportion and realizes.
Described gradient-index lens be three-dimensional Eaton lens, its working frequency range is 12～18GHz, every discrete layer thickness is all less than or equal to 5mm;
Be 1～3 employing yard structure in the variation range of specific inductive capacity, in the discrete ball layer of each specific inductive capacity, change the wide ω of post of yard structure photonic crystal, and keep its photonic crystal intercolumniation a constant;
Be the multistory frame structure of 3～40 employing splendid attire mixing materials in the variation range of specific inductive capacity, described mixing material is the mixing of benzene and acetonitrile, realizes the specific inductive capacity in 3～40 scopes by proportioning, and the walled thickness of multistory frame structure is constant;
Employing liquid photosensitive resin is material, adopts the method for layering photocuring to prepare yard structure and multistory frame structure.
Described mixed liquid medium is by benzene and acetonitrile mixing material and form.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect and significant technological merit:
The preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium provided by the invention, combine three-dimensional photon crystal structure and dispersionless mixed liquid medium using photosensitive resin as material, can realize very large variations in refractive index scope, and realize impedance matching with air background; It,, without the characteristic of resonance and the low loss characteristic of material, makes device of the present invention have the advantages such as low-loss wideband simultaneously; And taking ultraviolet curing process as basis, brought into play the advantage of quick shaping process to the structure-integrated design of complex three-dimensional and manufacture, prepared omni-directional wideband electromagnetic wave energy absorption plant has higher integrated and device degree; Be highly symmetrical spheroid in appearance, in function aspects, realized real three-dimensional lens, at antenna, radar, the fields such as imaging are expected to obtain important application.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the graph of a relation between the wide ω of yard structure photon lens cylinder and effective dielectric constant;
Fig. 2-1～2-3 is the cad model schematic diagram of three-dimensional Eaton lens, and wherein Fig. 2-1 is three-dimensional view, and Fig. 2-2 are along shaft section cut-open view; Fig. 2-3 are the structural representation for resinous framework half spherical model of carrying liquid.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium, below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, and the explanation of the invention is not limited.
The preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium provided by the invention, first obtain lens specific inductive capacity distribute; Then for the less part of specific inductive capacity, utilize the super material yardstick three-D photon crystal of forest spatial structure parameters gradual change, and realized by photoactivate resin forming; For the larger part of specific inductive capacity, the solid dielectric of the low dispersion of not easy-to-use low-loss is realized, and adopts the mixed liquid medium with different mixing proportion to be packaged in multistory frame structure and realizes; Again two parts assembling is obtained.Comprise following operation:
1) according to the electromagnetic wave working frequency range of gradient-index lens, it,, about the discrete sandwich construction that turns to of three-dimensional index distribution, is calculated to the index distribution that obtains each discrete layer, and according to the relation of the specific inductive capacity of nonmagnetic medium and refractive index
obtaining corresponding specific inductive capacity distributes;
2), for the less part of specific inductive capacity, utilize the super material yardstick three-D photon crystal of forest spatial structure parameters gradual change to realize; And according to the result of specific inductive capacity distribution discretize, design the super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure cad model of spacing gradient structure;
By the super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure cad model of designed spacing gradient structure, conversion STL formatted file, imports in photocureable rapid shaping machine; Taking photosensitive resin as material, adopt photocurable quick shaping process to be made into type;
3), for the larger part of specific inductive capacity, adopt the mixed liquid medium with different mixing proportion to realize; According to the result of specific inductive capacity distribution discretize, design the cad model for the multistory frame structure of splendid attire mixed liquid medium;
By the cad model of multistory frame structure, conversion STL formatted file, imports in photocureable rapid shaping machine; Taking photosensitive resin as material, adopt photocurable quick shaping process to be made into type;
Mix thering is the liquid of high-k and the liquid of low-k, obtain the mixed liquid medium of required effective dielectric constant by adjusting blending ratio; The mixed liquid medium with different proportionings configuring is injected into the multistory frame for splendid attire mixed liquid medium, and encapsulates;
4) distribution of the super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure of forest spatial structure parameters gradual change and the multistory frame that injects mixed liquid medium being pressed to specific inductive capacity is assembled, the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of the full medium that obtains completing.
Embodiment 1
Employing is positioned at the yard structure photon crystal structure of super material yardstick, in conjunction with the mixed liquid medium of benzene and acetonitrile, realizes working frequency range and be positioned at the three-dimensional Eaton lens of Ku wave band (12～18GHz).Specifically comprise the following steps:
1) determine that the specific inductive capacity of Eaton lens is about the distribution in space.Eaton lens can be realized the deflection to space incident electromagnetic wave, as 90 °, 180 °, 360 ° etc.In the present embodiment, for realizing the three-dimensional Eaton lens of 90 ° of deflections, can realize to the electromagnetic wave of the arbitrarily angled incident in space the deflection of 90 °.Its specific inductive capacity distributes about being described by following equation
εr=n=1 ，r>a (1)
Wherein, ε
rrepresent that specific inductive capacity distributes; N is refractive index, and r represents the radius as space point, and a is the radius of spherical three-dimensional Eaton lens, in an embodiment a=87mm; Be 1 at boundary specific inductive capacity, mate with air impedance; Near initial point place, specific inductive capacity sharply increases and levels off to infinite;
This distribution is carried out to discretize processing, by the discrete multilayer that turns to of uniform specific inductive capacity distribution.Designed Eaton lens working frequency range is positioned at Ku wave band (12～18GHz), therefore every discrete layer thickness should be much smaller than working frequency range wavelength, in this example, every discrete layer thickness is all less than or equal to 5mm; In close center, dielectric constant gradient is larger, and the corresponding minimizing of layer thickness is as shown in table 1; In fact, the more number of plies, more approaches theoretical model, can make performance better, but the corresponding difficulty that increases design and manufacture.
2), as 30mm < r≤87mm, in this region, the variation range of the specific inductive capacity of designed three-dimensional Eaton lens is 1 to 3.In this example, the effective dielectric constant in this region, intends adopting yard structure photonic crystal under super material yardstick to realize, taking SOMOS14120(DSM) photosensitive resin is structured material, its specific inductive capacity is 3.0 at Ku wave band (12～18GHz).Designed Eaton lens working frequency range is positioned at Ku wave band, and the grating constant of the yard structure photonic crystal of super material yardstick should be much smaller than free space wavelength, and in this example, being taken as yard structure photon lens cylinder spacing is a=5mm, as shown in Figure 1.
In the discrete ball layer of each described specific inductive capacity, change the wide ω of post of yard structure photonic crystal, and keep its intercolumniation a constant, can realize the gradual change of three dimensions effective dielectric constant.Design the cad model of yard structure photonic crystal, as Fig. 2-1.The parameter of corresponding yard structure photonic crystal is in table 1.
3), as r≤30mm, in this region, the variation range of the specific inductive capacity of designed three-dimensional Eaton lens is 3 to infinite.In fact,, in the position near central point, specific inductive capacity sharply rises.In engineering, cannot realize infinitely-great specific inductive capacity, substitute with 40 in this example therefore specific inductive capacity is greater than 40 region.In fact this region is very little, is only r≤0.687mm, and much smaller than the wavelength of free space, the simplification of removing limit can't affect performance.This region is after simplifying, and dielectric constant range is 3 to 40.
In this example, intend utilizing the mixing material of benzene and acetonitrile to realize.At microwave frequency band (GHz), mixing one benzene and acetonitrile can realize the specific inductive capacity in 2.2～40 scopes by suitable proportioning.The parameter of corresponding mixing material is in table 1.For the liquid of the different proportionings of splendid attire, need in this example to introduce the framework of a sandwich construction.According to the result of specific inductive capacity distribution discretize, design the cad model for the multistory frame structure of carrying liquid, as Fig. 2-3.The walled thickness of this framework is 0.3mm.
4) by designed have complicated grand/cad model of the integrated cad model of yard structure photonic crystal (as shown in Fig. 2-1～2-3) of microstructure and the designed multistory frame structure for carrying liquid, be converted to STL formatted file, import to photocureable rapid shaping machine (SPS600B, Shaanxi Heng Tong intelligence company limited) in, with liquid photosensitive resin (SOMOS14120, DSM) be material, adopt the method for layering photocuring to prepare model.In example, for the ease of injection and the encapsulation of mixing material in subsequent step, spherical system is divided into two hemisphere systems and makes respectively.The model of preparing is rinsed well by alcohol, removes residual liquid photosensitive resin.
5) make the mixing material of differing dielectric constant according to the proportioning parameter in table 1, inject corresponding resin frame rack-layer encapsulation.The resinous framework and the yard structure photonic crystal that inject mixing material are assembled, finally obtained the three-dimensional Eaton lens that complete.
The component of acetonitrile in each discrete layer effective dielectric constant ε (r) of table 1 and the corresponding wide ω of yard structure photon lens cylinder or mixing material
Claims (9)
1. a preparation method for the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) according to the electromagnetic wave working frequency range of gradient-index lens, it,, about the discrete sandwich construction that turns to of three-dimensional index distribution, is calculated to the index distribution that obtains each discrete layer, and according to the relation of the specific inductive capacity of nonmagnetic medium and refractive index
obtaining corresponding specific inductive capacity distributes;
2), for the less part of specific inductive capacity, utilize the super material yardstick three-D photon crystal of forest spatial structure parameters gradual change to realize; And according to the result of specific inductive capacity distribution discretize, design the super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure cad model of spacing gradient structure;
By the super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure cad model of designed spacing gradient structure, conversion STL formatted file, imports in photocureable rapid shaping machine; Taking photosensitive resin as material, adopt photocurable quick shaping process to be made into type;
3), for the larger part of specific inductive capacity, adopt the mixed liquid medium with different mixing proportion to realize; According to the result of specific inductive capacity distribution discretize, design the cad model for the multistory frame structure of splendid attire mixed liquid medium;
By the cad model of multistory frame structure, conversion STL formatted file, imports in photocureable rapid shaping machine; Taking photosensitive resin as material, adopt photocurable quick shaping process to be made into type;
Mix thering is the liquid of high-k and the liquid of low-k, obtain the mixed liquid medium of required effective dielectric constant by adjusting blending ratio; The mixed liquid medium with different proportionings configuring is injected into the multistory frame for splendid attire mixed liquid medium, and encapsulates;
4) distribution of the super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure of forest spatial structure parameters gradual change and the multistory frame that injects mixed liquid medium being pressed to specific inductive capacity is assembled, the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of the full medium that obtains completing.
2. the preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the working frequency range of shown gradient-index lens is positioned at microwave region.
3. the preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the described multistory frame structure for splendid attire mixed liquid medium, the little order of magnitude of electromagnetic wavelength of the Thickness Ratio working frequency range of every layer.
4. the preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure, and the electromagnetic wavelength much smaller than working frequency range of the grating constant of three-D photon crystal.
5. the preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the forest spatial structure parameters of described super material yardstick three-dimensional photon crystal structure fades to: change three-D photon crystal single cell structure parameter and keep grating constant constant, to change the dutycycle of its composition material; Relation between the local effective dielectric constant of dutycycle and three-D photon crystal is calculated by following formula: ε
eff=f ε
resin+ (1-f) ε
air, wherein ε
efffor effective dielectric constant, f is medium dutycycle, ε
resinfor the specific inductive capacity of photosensitive resin material used in photocuring shaping technique.
6. the preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the specific inductive capacity of described gradient-index lens distributes about being described by following equation
ε
r=n=1 ，r>a (1)
Wherein, ε
rrepresent that specific inductive capacity distributes; N is refractive index, and r represents the radius as space point, the radius that a is spherical three-dimensional lens; Mate with air impedance at boundary specific inductive capacity; Sharply increase and level off to infinite near initial point place specific inductive capacity.
7. the preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the scope that is 1～3 in the variation range of specific inductive capacity, utilize the super material yardstick three-D photon crystal of forest spatial structure parameters gradual change to realize, the employing in the variation of specific inductive capacity more than 3 has the mixed liquid medium of different mixing proportion and realizes.
8. the preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described mixed liquid medium is by benzene and acetonitrile mixing material and form.
9. the preparation method of the three-dimensional wideband gradient-index lens of full medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described gradient-index lens be three-dimensional Eaton lens, its working frequency range is 12～18GHz, every discrete layer thickness is all less than or equal to 5mm;
Be 1～3 employing yard structure in the variation range of specific inductive capacity, in the discrete ball layer of each specific inductive capacity, change the wide ω of post of yard structure photonic crystal, and keep its photonic crystal intercolumniation a constant;
Be the multistory frame structure of 3～40 employing splendid attire mixing materials in the variation range of specific inductive capacity, described mixing material is the mixing of benzene and acetonitrile, realizes the specific inductive capacity in 3～40 scopes by proportioning, and the walled thickness of multistory frame structure is constant;
Employing liquid photosensitive resin is material, adopts the method for layering photocuring to prepare yard structure and multistory frame structure.
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Application publication date: 20140820 |