CN101453171A - United electric energy quality controller based on series multiplex of transformer and chain type construction - Google Patents
United electric energy quality controller based on series multiplex of transformer and chain type construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN101453171A CN101453171A CNA2008101199426A CN200810119942A CN101453171A CN 101453171 A CN101453171 A CN 101453171A CN A2008101199426 A CNA2008101199426 A CN A2008101199426A CN 200810119942 A CN200810119942 A CN 200810119942A CN 101453171 A CN101453171 A CN 101453171A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
Abstract
The invention relates to a unified power energy quality controller based on the serial-connection multiplicity of transformers and a chain structure, which belongs to the technical filed of flexible AC transmission and distribution of an electric power system and the power electronic. The unified power quality controller comprises a single-phase serial-connection multiple transformer bank and a single-phase chain H bridge converter, wherein the transformer bank consists of m single-phase transformers which form the serial-connection multiple transformer bank together with n voltage source converters connected with n secondary windings of m single-phase transformers respectively; the single-phase chain H bridge converter is provided with n chains and is formed by connecting n DC voltage supporting units and n power source converters, and an AC port of the n-chain single-phase chain H bridge converter is directly connected with the electric fence through a reactor, m and n are signless integrals equal to or more than 2, and m is less than or equal to n. The invention can realize accurate current control, has high dynamic responding speed, and can solve the problems of the traction substation of an electrified railway that the three-phase voltage is unstable and fluctuates, the power factor is low and the harmonic pollution exists, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power transmission and distribution of electric power system flexible AC and electric and electronic technical field, relating to large-capacity power electronic installation and user's power quality problem administers, a kind of unified electric energy quality controller based on single-phase transformer series multiplexization and chain type H bridge construction current transformer (Unified Power QualityController, UPQC) device that is used for the electrified railway power supply system particularly is provided.
Background technology
Electric locomotive can inject negative-sequence current electric railway (being called for short electric iron) electric power system as the large capacity single phase load, and causes power quality problems such as electric power system voltage three-phase imbalance, voltage fluctuation.The present electric iron electric power system of China is the out-phase powering mode, the phase sequence that generally adopts under this kind powering mode is rotated the influence that technology and balance transformer technology only can improve negative-sequence current within the specific limits, can't satisfy national quality of power supply relevant criterion in the reality usually.In addition, the out-phase powering mode intrinsic electric phase-splitting link be its weak link, high-speed overload operation is had very big effect of contraction.Adopt the cophase supply pattern can avoid or reduce the electric phase-splitting link of traction net, and then solve a series of problems of bringing by electric phase-splitting, improve the capacity of train greatly.But the shortcoming of cophase supply scheme is to cause negative-sequence current easily, and it is even more serious that the imbalance problem that causes compares to the out-phase powering mode.
Alternating current electric locomotive extensively adopts the regenerative braking energy feedback mode, and to improve the operational efficiency of alternating current electric locomotive, the regeneration electric braking power of AC electric locomotive reaches as high as more than 4～6MW, and at inlet parking, especially the energy-saving effect on the gug of mountain area is especially obvious.But this Way of Regenerating Energy Feedback mode is electric locomotive by drawing net to the external power grid feedback energy, therefore causes that by the reverse flow of meritorious trend the possibility of protective relaying device malfunction and tripping increases greatly.
The fluctuation of electric railway traction transformer load is comparatively violent, and under the tight ruuning situation of train, the traction transformer overload often reaches 2 times even higher, and it is the rising of traction transformer cost that the increase of traction load brings problem.This cost not only comprises owing to traction transformer capacity increases the manufacturing cost that raises, and also comprises the traction transformer fixed installation capacity payment usefulness that electric power system is collected.Although adopt single-phase traction transformer with the obvious advantage on the capacity utilance, the inferior position of single-phase traction transformer is that the negative phase-sequence problem is the most serious, and is difficult to be administered by at the traction substation secondary side compensation arrangement being installed.At present, because the restriction of transformer cost, traction transformer transships than on a declining curve, has reduced the reliability and the fail safe of tractive power supply system.
The power quality problem of above-described high speed electricity iron has been contained the controlled target of many aspects, need to adopt powerful quality of power supply control appliance and jumbo electrical energy storage to carry out co-ordination, realize the comprehensive regulation of the electric iron electric power system of the high speed quality of power supply.
Technology by modern power electronic can be implemented negative phase-sequence control with relatively little investment, thereby guarantees the three-phase equilibrium of traction transformer high voltage side current under various electric iron load conditions, realizes the low and high controlled target of power factor of harmonic content simultaneously.Various countries have carried out correlative study to this, patent " the single-phase unified electric energy quality controller that is used for electrified railway power supply " (publication number: CN101170284) proposed a kind of single-phase unified electric energy quality controller based on IGBT or IGCT (the application is referred to as multi winding transformer electricity iron compensation arrangement).This device has adopted single-phase multi winding transformer and chain structure current transformer on topological structure, only used a single-phase multi winding transformer in a side, opposite side adopts the control method maturation, is convenient to the chain structure current transformer of industrial realization, it is little to have floor space, loss is little, the advantage that cost is low.
The structure principle chart of above-mentioned multi winding transformer electricity iron compensation arrangement as shown in Figure 1, this device comprises that single-phase multi winding transformer 1 is (by 1 former limit winding P
RWith n secondary winding S
R1, S
R2... S
RnConstitute), the n of transformer 1 secondary winding connects n voltage source converter (V respectively
1, V
2... V
n) 2; By n dc capacitor unit (C
1, C
2... C
n) the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer (L of 3 common n chain links that link to each other with n voltage source converter 2
1, L
2... L
n) 4, the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer 4 of this n chain link exchanges port x ', y ' and reactor (jX
1, jX
2) 5 connect after again by x, y port and drawing electric network direct connection.Conversion by switching network in the current transformer group 2,4, but can obtain the equivalent controlled voltage source of an amplitude and the equal independent regulation of phase place respectively in the high-pressure side of transformer 1 and the AC side of chain type H bridge current transformer 4, and then make multi winding transformer electricity iron compensation arrangement realize independent compensation to reactive current, the harmonic current of its x, y and z, w port and traction transformer secondary side two phase winding access points respectively; Simultaneously, this device can pass through shared capacitor cell 3, carries out the transfer of active power between the two at its x, y and z, w two-port.This multi winding transformer electricity iron compensation arrangement can be realized the balance of traction transformer high-pressure side three-phase current by to the regulating and controlling of active power with to the reactive power balance compensation, reaches the compensation purpose to negative-sequence current on the whole.
Above-mentioned multi winding transformer electricity iron compensation arrangement only uses a transformer, and it is little to have floor space, and the little and lower-cost advantage of loss, chain structure are convenient to high voltage and are directly exported, and also have control flexibly, the reliability advantages of higher.But, adopt single-phase multi winding transformer can bring a series of shortcomings: single-phase multi winding transformer processing technology is comparatively complicated, be difficult to accomplish that equivalent leakage reactance equates between each winding of former secondary and secondary, there is the uneven problem of each winding current that is difficult to overcome in this parallel-connection structure; Mutual impedance between the single-phase in addition multi winding transformer secondary winding is less relatively, occur small will producing bigger circulation when not waiting at the secondary shunt voltage, even adopt division formula connection, also can only increase the equivalent leakage reactance between each secondary winding to a certain extent, when adopting phase shift carrier wave PWM strategy, still may between each winding, cause bigger circulation.And along with the increasing of number of modules, current-sharing and circulation problem that the difference of component parameters causes will be more serious.The multi winding transformer that divides the formula connection in addition is the manufacture craft difficulty not only, and manufacturing cost is higher, and the bigger leakage reactance of dual low voltage transformer has reduced current transformer capacity utilance.
Above-mentioned multi winding transformer electricity iron compensation arrangement adopts electric capacity as the direct voltage support unit, can carry out comprehensive compensation to the negative phase-sequence of traction substation, idle, harmonic current, yet electric iron load operational mode various (starting, acceleration and deceleration, braking etc.), load fluctuation violent (may occur increasing severely in short-term), need realize four-quadrant meritorious, reactive power is independently controlled in conjunction with electric energy storage system, to adapt to complicated ruuning situation, especially absorb alternating current electric locomotive regenerative braking feedback energy and the traction transformer load curve is carried out peak clipping.Only adopt common dc capacitor unit obviously not possess this effect.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming the weak point of prior art, proposed a kind of unified electric energy quality controller (be called for short UPQC), be used for administering power quality problems such as negative phase-sequence that electric iron electric power system exists, idle, harmonic excess based on series multiplex of transformerization and chain structure.The present invention only uses transformer in a side, and it is little to have floor space, the little and lower-cost advantage of loss; In addition, at problems such as the electric current current-sharing that exists under the many power models parallel way that adopts multi winding transformer to realize, electric current circulation, the UPQC device of multipleization of the employing single-phase series transformer group that is proposed, can be by standardization electric power electronic module implement device high capacity, has the operational efficiency height, harmonic characterisitic is good, advantages such as rapid dynamic response speed; The present invention can select for use dc capacitor unit or dc energy storage cell as the direct voltage support unit flexibly, selects latter the present invention also to have concurrently to absorb alternating current electric locomotive regenerative feedback energy for use and to the effect of traction transformer load curve peak clipping; Be development and improvement to prior art.
For achieving the above object, the UPQC that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that, adopt multipleization of single-phase series transformer group to realize that a plurality of voltage source converters are connected mutually and the electrical isolation function, this controller comprises multipleization of a single-phase series transformer group, this transformer group is made of m single-phase transformer, and the former limit winding of each single-phase transformer is by end of the same name order series connection successively; Respectively with n n the voltage source converter that the secondary winding is connected that amount to of a described m single-phase transformer, the multipleization current transformer group that formation is connected; The single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer of common n the chain link that links to each other with a described n voltage source converter by n direct voltage support unit, the interchange port of the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer of this n chain link is by reactor and drawing electric network direct connection, (according to connecting system electric pressure and device for power switching voltage withstand class, n is that span can be the positive integer more than 2 and 2).
Multipleization of the single-phase series transformer group that is adopted is to be in series by its end of the same name order successively by the former limit winding of m single-phase transformer, and each single-phase transformer can have the secondary winding more than 1 or 1.M single-phase transformer secondary number of windings summation is n, and m≤n, each secondary winding link to each other with a voltage source converter respectively.Preferred each single-phase transformer excitation reactance high conformity, main design parameters is identical, so that can produce in batches.
Operation principle of the present invention is as follows:
UPQC can alleviate or eliminate the negative-sequence current that exists in electric railway out-phase or the cophase supply system.Under the out-phase powering mode, when with supply arm that traction transformer secondary side two phase windings link to each other in electric iron load when uneven, UPQC absorbs active current from the lighter side of electric iron load (being called the rectification side), and transfers to electric iron load by shared direct voltage support unit and weigh a side (claiming the inversion side).Under the cophase supply pattern, the side that UPQC inserts traction net supply arm is operated in inverter mode, and opposite side works in rectification state.By the transfer of control to active current, UPQC makes the active power of traction transformer secondary side two phase loads that are attached thereto realize balance.Guarantee respectively to organize the equalization (when the present invention adopts described dc capacitor unit) of current transformer dc capacitor voltage based on the Pressure and Control of energy.
The reactive power that UPQC can the compensating direct current electric locomotive consumes.UPQC detects the reactive current of traction transformer secondary side, produce the corresponding reactive power compensation electric current of amplitude and phase place then and inject traction transformer secondary side two phase winding access points, make and only flow through pure active current in the traction transformer, power factor is more than 0.99.
The harmonic current that UPQC can the filtering continuous current locomotive produces.UPQC harmonic current compensation principle is similar to the reactive-current compensation principle, guarantee that based on the current tracking control technology UPQC can compensate most of harmonic current that load produces, the electric current that makes compensation rear haulage transformer inject electric iron electric power system is approximately pure fundamental current.
When UPQC adopts the dc energy storage cell as the direct voltage support unit, can constitute the unified electric energy quality controller (UPQC+ESS) that has energy-storage travelling wave tube.When alternating current electric locomotive worked in the regenerative braking pattern, the energy-storage travelling wave tube of UPQC+ESS system can absorb the feedback braking energy effectively, had avoided the reverse flow of meritorious trend and the protective relaying device malfunction of externally fed system and the tripping that cause.
The locomotive load fluctuation is comparatively violent in the electricity railway traction electric power system, and when locomotive load is in tight operation, traction transformer overload rate may surpass the GB requirement.UPQC+ESS is by active power transfer, reactive power compensation and harmonic current compensation, when making the traction transformer system side be the pure meritorious fundamental current of three-phase equilibrium, can utilize its energy-storage travelling wave tube in the scope that self capacity allows, to inject certain active power to the traction transformer secondary side, thereby effectively reduce the peak load capacity that traction transformer is born, realize effect the peak clipping of traction transformer load.
Characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect:
The characteristics of topological structure of the present invention aspect are: installing a side is multipleization of single-phase series transformer group, has realized the electrical isolation of UPQC two side systems, and " back-to-back " formula of series multiplex current transformer group and chain type H bridge construction current transformer is electrically connected; The former avris of multipleization of the single-phase series transformer group of UPQC inserts and leads electrical network one side supply arm, UPQC opposite side chain type H bridge construction current transformer, direct-connected by reactor and drawing electric network supply arm, owing to saved a transformer, thereby floor space is little, and loss is little and cost is lower.
Take such structure, not only satisfied the requirement of high-voltage large-capacity, and the current transformer of UPQC both sides (group) topological structure all is very suitable for adopting PWM control strategy or other equivalent control strategies of phase-shifting carrier wave.The PWM strategy advantage of phase-shifting carrier wave is when the single switch device runs on than low switching frequency, can obtain higher equivalent switching frequency (characteristic harmonics with respect to single voltage source converter improves m doubly) in the device AC side.Therefore, in the high-pressure side of multipleization of the single-phase series transformer group of UPQC device and the AC side of chain type H bridge construction current transformer, all can obtain harmonic current suppression characteristic and dynamic response characteristic preferably, can also keep lower switching loss simultaneously, improve device operation efficiency.After the former limit of single-phase transformer winding is connected mutually, the electric current that each voltage source converter module flows through is identical, with respect to each module parallel way, avoided the equal flow problem of electric current between the module, also eliminated the circulation problem between each power model in parallel when adopting phase-shifting carrier wave PWM strategy.
The direct voltage support unit of the controller described in the present invention both can adopt the dc capacitor unit also can adopt the dc energy storage cell.When controller adopts the dc energy storage cell, can constitute the unified electric energy quality controller that has energy-storage travelling wave tube, its effect is, can realize the four-quadrant of active power and reactive power is freely controlled by series multiplex current transformer group and chain type H bridge construction current transformer respectively, controller of the present invention is increased the absorption function of alternating current electric locomotive regenerative braking feedback energy and the peak clipping function that traction transformer is loaded, improved the traction transformer capacity utilance.Help making full use of the traction transformer capability of overload, reduce the installed capacity of traction transformer, thereby reduce the fixedly electricity charge, increase economic efficiency.
The present invention is based on the high power electronic equipment of self-on-off switching device IGBT and pulse modulation technology (PWM), and the power capacity scope is usually between several MVA～hundred MVA.The present invention can be applicable to adopt the electric railway traction electric substation of out-phase powering mode and cophase supply pattern, inject problem in order to solve the negative-sequence current that causes owing to electric iron uncompensated load, the low and harmonic wave pollution problem of the power factor that DC driven electric locomotive load causes.Have electric substation's imbalance of three-phase voltage of inhibition and three-phase voltage and fluctuate, realize dynamic passive compensation and harmonic compensation, functions such as stable traction net voltage and raising electric railway capacity.When the direct voltage support unit of UPQC of the present invention adopts the dc energy storage cell, can constitute the UPQC+ESS device, except that the above function, also can solve the meritorious trend reverse flow problem in Traction Station that the feedback energy that produced by the alternating current electric locomotive regenerative braking causes, and traction transformer overload rate exceeds standard, and the traction transformer utilance is hanged down inferior problem.
The UPQC of correspondence of the present invention is easy to produce and realizes and maintenance that the standardized structural of transformer and H bridge current transformer is beneficial to industrial production, has reduced the production cost of UPQC.Chain structure can realize Redundancy Design, but auto by pass fault chain link during operation has improved the reliability of UPQC.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing unified electric energy quality controller structural representation based on multi winding transformer and chain structure.
Fig. 2 is the unified electric energy quality controller structure drawing of device based on series multiplex of transformerization and chain structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is multipleization of a single-phase series transformer group example structure schematic diagram of the present invention (each single-phase transformer secondary number of windings is 2).
Fig. 4 is i the voltage source converter example structure schematic diagram that links to each other with multipleization of single-phase series transformer group secondary of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer example structure schematic diagram with n chain link of the present invention.
Example structure schematic diagram when Fig. 6 selects the dc capacitor unit for use for direct voltage support unit of the present invention.
Example structure schematic diagram when Fig. 7 selects the dc energy storage cell for use for direct voltage support unit of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the compensation simulation result of the UPQC device embodiment of 30MVA for capacity of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the simulation result of the former limit of transformer winding current and one of them secondary winding current among the UPQC device embodiment of 30MVA for capacity of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the former limit of the 30MVA device embodiment transformer winding current of existing multi winding transformer electricity iron compensation arrangement and the simulation result of one of them secondary winding current.
Figure 11 is the simulation result that the UPQC+ESS device embodiment of 30MVA absorbs alternating current electric locomotive regenerative braking feedback energy for capacity of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the simulation result that the UPQC+ESS device embodiment of 30MVA realizes the peak clipping of traction transformer load for capacity of the present invention.
Figure 13 uses schematic diagram for the present invention in out-phase powering mode electricity railway traction electric substation
Figure 14 uses schematic diagram for the present invention in cophase supply pattern electricity railway traction electric substation
Embodiment
The present invention reaches embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and is described in detail as follows:
Unified electric energy quality controller (UPQC) equipments overall structure based on series multiplex of transformerization and chain structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, this device comprises: multipleization of single-phase series transformer group 1 is (by m former limit winding P
R1, P
R2... P
RmWith n secondary winding S
R1, S
R2... S
RnConstitute, m≤n), this transformer group is made of m single-phase transformer, and the former limit winding of each single-phase transformer is by end of the same name order series connection successively; N the voltage source converter that is connected with n secondary winding of a described m single-phase transformer respectively, the series multiplex current transformer group 2 of formation; The single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer 4 of common n the chain link that links to each other with a described n voltage source converter by n direct voltage support unit 3 (can select dc capacitor unit or dc energy storage cell for use), the interchange port of the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer 4 of this n chain link is by reactor 5 and drawing electric network direct connection (according to connecting system electric pressure and device for power switching voltage withstand class, but n is that span is in the positive integer more than 2 and 2).
N voltage source converter all adopts single-phase two level H-bridge structures in the described series multiplex current transformer group, to the m group current transformer that is in series relationship by the decision of series multiplex transformer group, adopt pulse distribution (PWM) control technology of corresponding phase-shifting carrier wave (to belong to routine techniques, and do not belong to content of the present invention) or other equivalent pulse distribution control technologys, make former limit of series multiplex transformer and secondary side obtain good harmonic wave suppression characteristic.
Described single-phase chain type H bridge construction current transformer is in series by a plurality of single-phase two level H-bridge current transformers (being called a chain link), each chain link successively with a voltage source converter of series multiplex transformer secondary winding side by the direct voltage support unit, realize being electrically connected in " back-to-back " mode.Single-phase chain type H bridge construction AC side of converter is by connecting the supply arm (the drawing electric network electric pressure is 27.5kV) that reactor directly inserts electrical network.Single-phase chain type H bridge construction current transformer adopts phase-shifting carrier wave control technology (belong to routine techniques, and do not belong to content of the present invention) or other equivalent pulse distribution control technologys, so that its outlet side obtains good harmonic wave suppression characteristic.
Voltage source converter of the present invention is identical with single-phase two level H-bridge structure current transformer specifications in the chain structure, and the industrial standardized production that realizes is to reduce production costs; Device can be taked Redundancy Design, to improve the UPQC operational reliability.
The present invention can select for use dc capacitor unit or dc energy storage cell as the direct voltage support unit flexibly.The dc capacitor unit can be made of by suitable series, parallel the electrochemical capacitor of Da Rong value; Select for use the dc energy storage cell as the direct current support unit, can form the big capacity that has electric energy storage system and unify electric energy quality compensating device (UPQC+ESS), its electric energy storage system can absorb/send certain meritorious energy (kWh and above magnitude), whole device has been had four-quadrant independence control ability meritorious, reactive power, except possessing traction substation is carried out the function of negative phase-sequence, idle, harmonic current comprehensive compensation, also have concurrently and absorb alternating current electric locomotive regenerative feedback energy and the effect of traction transformer load curve peak clipping.The dc energy storage cell can be selected any of all kinds of battery energy storage elements, superconducting magnetic energy storage system, flywheel energy storage system or super capacitor energy-storage system for use.。
The present invention adopts the control technology based on current tracking (to belong to routine techniques, and do not belong to content of the present invention), guaranteeing that the present invention couple and reactive current, the harmonic current of traction transformer secondary side two phase winding access points realize compensation, and the compensation of the transfer of control active current and the average voltage of keeping each independent direct current electric capacity (when device adopts described dc capacitor unit) or control active current within setting range when dc energy storage cell (device adopt described).Based on the Pressure and Control of energy, guarantee the mutual equalization (when device adopts described dc capacitor unit) of each independent direct current capacitance voltage.
Compare with the electric iron compensator based on single-phase multi winding transformer shown in Figure 1, single-phase transformer series multiplex structure of the present invention has been inherited the advantage of the chain structure of original multi winding transformer electricity iron compensation arrangement, has also solved a series of problems that exist in the original structure simultaneously:
1) single-phase transformer series multiplex structure is particularly suitable for adopting phase-shifting carrier wave PWM technology or other equivalent PWM control technologys, make the switching frequency time characteristic harmonics voltage of each voltage source module output voltage produce certain phase angle difference successively owing to phase-shifting carrier wave, be multiplied through the total characteristic harmonics voltage number of times of series connection synthetic back output voltage, being equivalent to the transformer side equivalent switching frequency improves greatly, thereby significantly improve this side voltage, electric current THD, also improved the compensation ability of device to the load harmonic current.
2) single-phase multi winding transformer processing technology is comparatively complicated, when the secondary number of windings more for a long time between each secondary winding equivalent leakage reactance be difficult to be consistent, and power model in parallel self parameter, output voltage there are differences, especially each output module output voltage differs greatly when adopting the equivalent PWM control technology of phase-shifting carrier wave PWM strategy or other, exist current unevenness and electric current loop flow problem serious thus between each that causes module in parallel, even may make blocks current in parallel have DC component.The division formula connection of employing transformers connected in parallel is the manufacture craft difficulty not only, and can only reduce the electric current circulation between each winding of secondary to a certain extent, and consequently device operation efficiency and capacity utilance are low.Adopt single-phase transformer series multiplex structure of the present invention, because each power model is the series relationship that realizes by each secondary winding of multipleization of single-phase series transformer group, the electric current that flows through each power model is identical all the time, be not subjected to the influence of each single-phase transformer and power model self parameter difference, thereby solved the electric current current-sharing and the circulation problem of each power model naturally.The phase-shifting carrier wave PWM strategy of Cai Yonging makes the device equivalent switching frequency improve m doubly simultaneously, and THD is very little for electric current, and improves device operation efficiency and capacity utilance.
3) it is big to be used for the power electronic equipment capacity requirement of electric railway compensation, and connecting system voltage is up to 27.5kV, so the UPQC chain number n of needs is bigger.When adopting single-phase many windings transformer with split winding, need to increase the number of windings of single transformer or realize by a plurality of many windings transformer with split windings are in parallel.When secondary winding in parallel is too much, be difficult on the manufacture craft guarantee that the equal mutual impedance that reaches between former and deputy limit winding and each the secondary winding of voltage of each secondary winding equates that the different secondary winding in position might occur than big-difference.These have brought difficulty for design, manufacturing and the applicability of multi winding transformer, and corresponding manufacturing cost is higher.Adopt the single-phase transformer specification requirement of series multiplex connection of the present invention just the same, corresponding one by one with electric and electronic power module, can realize mass production, the parameter difference of element can not increase along with increasing of quantity, therefore be much smaller by above-mentioned the influence.
Can select for use dc capacitor unit and dc energy storage cell as its direct voltage support unit among the present invention flexibly.When selecting the dc capacitor unit for use, device can be realized described comprehensive compensation function to negative-sequence current, reactive current and harmonic current.When selecting the dc energy storage cell for use, device has the ability that the four-quadrant of active power and reactive power is freely controlled, and constitutes the unified electric energy quality controller (UPQC+ESS) that has energy-storage travelling wave tube, and function is further expanded, and is as described below:
1) under out-phase or cophase supply pattern; (for the cophase supply pattern is the locomotive load regenerative braking of a phase when AC electric locomotive is carried out regenerative braking; for the out-phase powering mode is the locomotive load regenerative braking of a phase or two-phase); adopt the UPQC that has energy-storage travelling wave tube of current tracking control to can be considered two independently voltage-source type current transformers; in the scope that self power capacity and stored energy capacitance allow; energy-storage travelling wave tube can absorb locomotive feedback braking energy effectively, has avoided the reverse flow of meritorious trend and causes protective relaying device malfunction and tripping in the electric power system.When another has the operation of electric locomotive load condition when identical when Traction Station under the out-phase powering mode, the UPQC+ESS device carries out the transfer of burden with power and the compensation of load or burden without work in that traction transformer two is alternate, and by the total residue feedback energy of dc energy storage cell absorption, thereby both guaranteed the balance of contact grid side three-phase current, and can not cause that again energy flow backwards.
2) under out-phase or cophase supply pattern, when the Traction Station locomotive load closely moves the extreme peak value of appearance load, the UPQC+ESS device can send certain active power at the traction transformer secondary side in self power capacity and stored energy capacitance allowed band, in order to correspondingly to cut down the sub-load capacity that traction transformer is born; UPQC is alternate with the transfer of burden with power and the compensation of load or burden without work at traction transformer two simultaneously, by coordinating control, make when keeping in touch the grid side three-phase balance, effectively reduce the required maximum carrying capacity of bearing of traction transformer, thereby played the effect of traction transformer load peak clipping.
The UPQC embodiment of a 30MVA of the present invention is described in detail as follows in conjunction with Fig. 2:
In multipleization of the single-phase series transformer group 1 among this UPQC embodiment, m the single-phase transformer secondary number of windings is 1 (correspondence satisfies m=n), and each single-phase transformer main design parameters is identical, excitation reactance high conformity between each transformer, multipleization of single-phase series Single Phase Transformer Set apparent total capacity is each single-phase transformer apparent capacity sum.The embodiment model that emulation is used adopts 2 winding single-phase transformer series multiplexizationes.
Another embodiment of multipleization of single-phase series transformer group among this UPQC embodiment as shown in Figure 3, m the single-phase transformer secondary number of windings is 2 (correspondence satisfies 2m=n), each single-phase three-winding transformer main design parameters is identical, excitation reactance high conformity between each transformer, each three-winding transformer can adopt division formula connection.
The example structure of the voltage source converter of the n among this UPQC embodiment (because each voltage source converter structure is identical, only illustrates the structure of i voltage source converter) among the figure shown in 4.The voltage source converter of present embodiment is single-phase two level H-bridge structures, comprises two brachium pontis, and wherein each brachium pontis is respectively by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistor (IGBT) S up and down
1, S
2And S
3, S
4And and its inverse parallel diode D
1, D
2And D
3, D
4Form.The mid point A of two brachium pontis
i, B
iRespectively with transformer i winding S
RiTwo ends connect, and two brachium pontis are connected to together at two ends up and down, constitute current transformer dc bus and with direct voltage support unit C
iLink to each other, the upper end bus is anodal, and the lower end bus is a negative pole.
The single-phase chain type H bridge construction of n chain link current transformer embodiment among this UPQC embodiment as shown in Figure 5, its characteristics are: arbitrary chain link L
iBe single-phase two level H-bridge current transformers as shown in Figure 4, each chain link L
iComprise a direct voltage support unit C
iWith two brachium pontis that are in parallel with the direct voltage support unit.Each brachium pontis is formed the IGBT switch S by two IGBT up and down and with its inverse parallel diode
1, S
3Be connected in direct voltage support unit C
iPositive pole, IGBT switch S
2, S
4Be connected in direct voltage support unit C
iNegative pole.By direct voltage support unit C
i, chain link L
iWith voltage source converter V
iDc bus is shared, forms " back-to-back " structure.Each chain link series system is: chain link L
iMiddle IGBT switch S
1, S
2Place brachium pontis mid point and chain link L
I-1Middle IGBT switch S
3, S
4The mid point of place brachium pontis connects, chain link L
iMiddle IGBT switch S
3, S
4Place brachium pontis mid point and chain link L
I+1Middle IGBT switch S
1, S
2The mid point of place brachium pontis connects.Chain link L
1Left side brachium pontis mid point x ' and chain link L
nRight side brachium pontis mid point y ' respectively be connected reactance jX
1, jX
2Link to each other, as shown in Figure 2.
N among this UPQC embodiment direct voltage support unit embodiment is as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 (because each direct voltage support unit structure is identical, the structure of i direct voltage support unit only is shown) among the figure, the positive pole of i direct voltage support unit links to each other with the common DC bus of i voltage source converter and i chain link of chain type H bridge construction current transformer is anodal, the negative pole of i direct voltage support unit links to each other with the common DC bus negative pole of i voltage source converter with i chain link of chain type H bridge construction current transformer, and promptly described " back-to-back " mode connects.Each direct voltage support unit Da Rong value electrolytic capacitor of can serving as reasons constitutes the dc capacitor unit, as shown in Figure 6; The equivalence of also replaceable one-tenth is the dc energy storage cell of voltage source, as shown in Figure 7, as high capacity cell energy-storage system (BESS), superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES), flywheel energy storage system or super capacitor energy-storage system etc., make UPQC form the unified electric energy quality controller that has energy-storage travelling wave tube, can realize the four-quadrant of active power and reactive power is freely controlled.
Electric pressure according to capacity and the contact line supply arm of this UPQC embodiment, and leave and take certain allowance, it is the IGBT of 1200A/4500V that device for power switching among the embodiment is selected parameter, and dc bus capacitor appearance value is got 15000uF, and dc voltage mean value is got 2000V; Dc energy storage cell design specification is 10MW/10min.Electricity railway traction supply arm electric pressure is 27.5kV, needs 20 single-phase H bridge current transformer chain link series connection could in parallelly insert on the load supply arm at least, for guaranteeing certain redundancy, selects 22 single-phase H bridge current transformer chain link series connection.Present embodiment select to adopt 22 single-phase transformers (the secondary number of windings is 1) to carry out the series multiplex connection, i.e. m=n=22, and single transformer capacity is 0.68MVA, former and deputy limit winding leakage reactance 10%, the chain structure outlet side then adopts 10% connection reactance.The one pole type frequency multiplication PWM control technology of phase-shifting carrier wave is adopted in the control of chain type H bridge construction current transformer, and the switching frequency of single IGBT is 500Hz, and the equivalent switching frequency of whole like this device is 500*2*22=22kHz.
Utilize EMTDC/PSCAD software that the foregoing description has been carried out simulating, verifying, during emulation, whole device is 40MVA by a capacity, leakage reactance is that to insert capacity of short circuit be the 110kV three phase network of 500MVA for 10% SCOTT traction transformer, the UPQC device is operated under out-phase power supply or the cophase supply pattern, and apparatus of the present invention are applied to connected mode such as Figure 13 and shown in Figure 14 of out-phase powering mode and cophase supply mode pulling electric substation.Among Figure 13, the AC side x of UPQC, y and z, w port insert b, the c of two supply arms of traction transformer T and a, c 2 points respectively.Among Figure 14, it is traction transformer secondary winding b, c 2 points that the AC side x of UPQC, y insert supply arm, and z, w port insert another winding o, a 2 points of traction transformer T.
Under the cophase supply pattern, it is 0.85 resistance sense type rectifier load that alpha phase (chain type H bridge current transformer side) is connected to 16.5MVA, power factor, and the direct voltage support unit adopts the dc capacitor unit.0.1s the time drop into UPQC, three-phase side voltage current waveform before and after the compensation is (transverse axis unit: s as shown in Figure 8, longitudinal axis unit: kV or kA), wherein, curve c81, c82, c83 are respectively the voltage waveform of traction transformer three-phase side a, b, c phase, curve c84, c85, c86 are respectively the current waveform of traction transformer three-phase side a, b, c phase, and curve c87, c88 are respectively alpha phase, the beta phase offset current waveform of UPQC.After UPQC drops into when 0.1s, by upper strata control algolithm and current tracking control, make its two ends current transformer send the suitable compensation electric current, traction transformer three-phase side electric current forms stable three symmetrical pure meritorious fundamental waveform at very short dynamic time (in the 10ms), and has eliminated imbalance of three-phase voltage.The input of simulated effect explanation UPQC makes and the three-phase equilibrium of traction transformer high voltage side current has realized the low and high controlled target of power factor of harmonic content simultaneously.The former secondary winding current waveform of multipleization of single-phase series transformer group of the present invention is (transverse axis unit: s as shown in Figure 9, longitudinal axis unit: kA), wherein, curve c91, c92 are respectively the waveform of transformer group former limit winding current and one of them secondary winding current; As a comparison the existing single-phase many windings dual low voltage transformer electricity iron compensation arrangement that adopts equal capacity, leakage reactance level and control strategy is carried out emulation, the former secondary winding current waveform of multi winding transformer is (transverse axis unit: s as shown in figure 10, longitudinal axis unit: kA), wherein, curve c101, c102 are respectively the waveform of transformer former limit winding current and one of them secondary winding current.Comparison diagram 9 and Figure 10 as can be seen, the transformer secondary current contains the circulation component that the phase-shifting voltages difference causes, makes the distortion of each secondary winding current serious.Also find part secondary winding current even DC component occurs in the emulation.As seen, obviously be better than unified electric energy quality controller based on current stress, electric current circulation and current-sharing situation in each power model of transformer side in the unified electric energy quality controller of multipleization of single-phase series transformer and chain structure based on single-phase multi winding transformer and chain structure.
Dc capacitor unit in the simulation model is all replaced to constant voltage type dc energy storage cell (total capacity 10MW/10min), constitute UPQC+ESS mounted cast with active power, reactive power four-quadrant regulating power.
Under the cophase supply pattern, l-G simulation test is by injecting the regenerative braking of the fundamental active power analog AC electric power locomotive of 5MW in load side, absorb the feedback braking energy in order to checking UPQC by the control energy-storage travelling wave tube, avoided the effect of the reverse flow of meritorious trend.The simulated effect of energy feedback is (transverse axis unit: s as shown in figure 11, longitudinal axis unit: MW or kA), wherein, curve c111 is the waveform of the active power of traction transformer three-phase side injection, curve c112, c113, c114 are respectively the current waveform of traction transformer three-phase side a, b, c phase, and curve c115, c116 are respectively alpha phase, the beta phase offset current waveform of UPQC.Simulation time is 0.8s, 0.4s drop into the UPQC device, 0.4s～0.6s adopts the negative-sequence current that shifts by alternate active power to suppress strategy (energy-storage travelling wave tube does not drop into as yet), although therefore the three-phase side electric current still keeps balance under the control of UPQC, but braking energy is fed back to electrical network, and three-phase sends active power and is-5MW; 0.6s～0.8s device control energy-storage travelling wave tube absorbs the feedback braking energy, the load side electric current is injected in UPQC+ESS device control this moment makes energy-storage travelling wave tube that locomotive regenerative braking feedback energy is all absorbed, thereby three-phase side electric current and send active power and be essentially 0.Simulation result verifies that UPQC+ESS device of the present invention is to the negative-sequence current compensation ability with to the inhibition ability of meritorious trend reverse flow.
Under the out-phase powering mode, l-G simulation test simulation is the alternating current electric locomotive load that the traction transformer alpha side joint of 40MVA is gone into 25MW in rated capacity, and the alternating current electric locomotive of going into 20MW at the beta side joint is loaded and simulated the overload situations of traction transformer under the uncompensated load condition.The simulated effect of traction transformer load peak clipping is (transverse axis unit: s as shown in figure 12, longitudinal axis unit: MW or kA), wherein, curve c121 is the waveform of the active power of traction transformer three-phase side injection, curve c122, c123, c124 are respectively the current waveform of traction transformer three-phase side a, b, c phase, and curve c125, c126 are respectively alpha phase, the beta phase offset current waveform of UPQC.Simulation time is 0.8s, 0.4s drop into the UPQC+ESS device, 0.4s～0.6s adopts by alternate active power and shifts negative-sequence current inhibition strategy (energy-storage travelling wave tube drops into as yet), traction transformer three-phase side electric current is realized three-phase equilibrium under the control of UPQC, external electrical network has been born the whole 45MW burden with power of locomotive, has surpassed the rated capacity of traction transformer; 0.6s～0.8s UPQC+ESS device when shifting alternate active power, sends the active power electric current of balance by energy-storage travelling wave tube by two side converters, promptly sending altogether by energy-storage travelling wave tube, 7MW active power offers the alternating current electric locomotive load.Simulated effect shows that the three-phase side electric current still can keep balance under the control of UPQC+ESS device, and the active power that the while external electrical network is born is reduced to 38MW, within the traction transformer capacity scope.Be that the UPQC+ESS device has effectively improved traction transformer overload ratio.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of unified electric energy quality controller based on series multiplex of transformerization and chain structure, it is characterized in that, this controller comprises multipleization of a single-phase series transformer group, this transformer group is made of m single-phase transformer, and the former limit winding of m single-phase transformer is by end of the same name order series connection successively; N the voltage source converter that is connected with n secondary winding of a described m single-phase transformer constitutes the multipleization current transformer group of connecting respectively; The single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer of n the chain link that links to each other with a described n voltage source converter by n direct voltage support unit, the interchange port of the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer of this n chain link is by reactor and electrical network direct connection, m, n span are the positive integer more than 2 and 2, and m≤n; Two free ports of the head of a described m single-phase transformer, the former limit of terminal single-phase transformer winding are the former limit winding port of multipleization of single-phase series transformer group, link to each other with electrical network.
2, controller as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, n voltage source converter in the described series multiplex current transformer group all adopts single-phase two level H-bridge structures, this structure comprises two brachium pontis, wherein each brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors up and down and with the diode of each insulation gate pole bipolar transistor reverse parallel connection respectively, two brachium pontis upsides insulation gate pole bipolar transistor and reverse parallel connection diode points of common connection thereof constitute the anodal dc bus of this voltage source converter, and two brachium pontis downside insulation gate pole bipolar transistors and inverse parallel diode points of common connection thereof constitute the negative pole dc bus of this voltage source converter.
3, controller as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, arbitrary chain link Li of the single-phase chain type H bridge construction of described n chain link current transformer is single-phase two level H-bridge structures, this structure comprises two brachium pontis, wherein each brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors up and down and with the diode of each insulation gate pole bipolar transistor reverse parallel connection respectively, two brachium pontis upside IGBT and reverse parallel connection diode points of common connection thereof constitute the anodal dc bus of this chain link, and two brachium pontis downside IGBT and inverse parallel diode points of common connection thereof constitute the negative pole dc bus of this chain link.
4, as claim 1,2 or 3 described controllers, it is characterized in that, the anodal dc bus of the chain link that the anodal dc bus of each voltage source converter is corresponding with chain type current transformer side in the series multiplex current transformer group is connected, and constitutes common DC bus positive pole; Its negative pole dc bus is connected with the negative pole dc bus of this chain link, constitutes common DC bus negative pole; Shared dc bus anodal with shared dc bus negative pole between described direct voltage support unit in parallel, this direct voltage support unit positive pole links to each other with the dc bus positive pole, this direct voltage support unit negative pole links to each other with the dc bus negative pole.
With controller as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that 5, described direct voltage support unit adopts dc capacitor unit or dc energy storage cell.
6, controller as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described dc energy storage cell adopts any of all kinds of battery energy storage systems, superconducting magnetic energy storage system, flywheel energy storage system or super capacitor energy-storage system.
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