CN101449009B - 使用空心塑料模块的墙体结构 - Google Patents

使用空心塑料模块的墙体结构 Download PDF

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CN101449009B
CN101449009B CN200680054736.0A CN200680054736A CN101449009B CN 101449009 B CN101449009 B CN 101449009B CN 200680054736 A CN200680054736 A CN 200680054736A CN 101449009 B CN101449009 B CN 101449009B
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CN101449009A (zh
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玛丽亚诺·努涅斯·瓦加斯
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/165—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with elongated load-supporting parts, cast in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0213—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of round shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0254—Tie rods

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

墙体用塑料空心模块组件(1)，该组件的表面和底面带有榫接接口，从底部金属槽(2)到顶部金属槽(3)堆砌构成，使用一些垂直圆钢棍(4)，从底槽(2)到顶槽(3)穿过上述的模块(1)带有的导孔加固结构。

Description

使用空心塑料模块的墙体结构
技术领域
用作为建筑材料使用的塑料砖(附图1(1))或空心塑料模板(附图2(1))、钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2和3))、圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))和金属或塑料网(附图6(6))做成一种具有结构的模块(附图3和附图4)，它能够做成预制墙并因此建成房屋。
背景技术
一种建筑技术中没有实际应用的塑料砖(附图1(1))(967号实用新型登记的题目)或者空心塑料模板(附图2(1))，通过使用钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2和3))、圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))和任何种类的金属或塑料网(附图6(6))连接起来并建成房屋，在这里，传统的砖石建筑材料被上述材料所代替。
所有这些材料共同作用最后形成一种预制模块(附图3和附图4)。这种模块包含塑料砖(附图3(1))或空心塑料模板(附图4(1))，成行排列滑动这些塑料砖或空心塑料模板进入一个口向上的钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2))内，钢板槽作为用塑料砖(附图3(1))或空心塑料模板(附图4(1))修建建筑物的基部，将随后的层一层放置在另一层顶部直到达到想要的高度，当达到这个高度时，圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))在顶部沿垂直位置滑动，穿过塑料砖(附图3(1))或空心塑料模板(附图4(1))的导孔(附图1和附图2(2))，直到顶部的另一侧接触作为基部的钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(4))的底部。在顶部侧，钢板槽是倒置的(附图3和附图4的(2))与圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))接触，这样随后在由塑料砖(附图3(1))或空心塑料模板(附图4(1))构建的模块(附图3和附图4)端部的圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))可以焊接在底部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2))和顶部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(3))上，以此方式构成一个坚固的框架。这样，一个从左至右的端部由一根圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))限制的连续的模块(附图3和附图4)中，圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))在端部焊接在底部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2))和顶部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(3))上，其它中间的圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))滑动穿过塑料砖(附图3(1))或空心塑料模板(附图4(1))的导孔(附图1和附图2(2))，它们自由放置于底部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2))和顶部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(3))之间。这些圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))间距为80和120厘米设置，间距取决于模块(附图3和附图4)的长度和对地震运动的反应，如果需要，其作为一个部件在横向和垂直方向上自由地滑动释放地震力的能量，事实上，垂直方向受到底部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2))和顶部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(3))的限制。这个圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))起着抵抗重力的支撑部件的作用，如果不出现严重的横向变形，都被限制在塑料砖(附图3(1))或空心塑料模板(附图4(1))的导孔(附图1和附图2(2))中。一旦把部件诸如塑料砖(附图3(1))或空心塑料模板(附图4(1))、底部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2))和顶部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(3))、圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))按上述方式组装好，就制成了一个可建坚固墙的模块(附图3和附图4)，因此，可应用新的建筑系统修建建筑物。
模块(附图3和附图4)可以根据任何要求的建筑项目类型的进行预制，建筑项目里可以整合有钢板槽制成的门框(附图5(6))和窗(附图5(7))框。为了制造一个包含门框(附图5(6))和/或窗框(附图5(7))的模块(附图5)，只要根据门框(附图5(6))和/或窗框(附图5(7))的尺寸留下需要的空间构成模块(附图5)的一部分，由此做成带门窗的墙。
这些预制的模块(附图3和附图4)与预置的U砖或加强钢结构的矩形加强基部(附图6(1))相互作用，钢结构是由四根水平钢棍制成的，在四个角支撑有轧制钢材制成且端部连接到上面描述的U砖基部(附图6(1))相同的方法制造的称为柱子(附图6(2))的垂直部件上的支架。互相连接是利用轧钢制成的钩子(附图6(5))将每个模块的一端固定到另一个模块(附图(6))上来实现，所述钩子是预置在圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))上。
柱子(附图6(2))靠在连接于底部U砖基部(附图6(1))的地基上，预制的模块(附图3和附图4)放置在其中间，然后在预制的模块(附图3和附图4)上放置上部封闭围栏(附图6(3))构成一个坚固结构的框架(附图6)，随后，这个新的建筑系统可以用在任何形式建筑物的建设上。
最后，将网格(附图6(6))沿墙两面的长和宽边铺设，其目的是保证由水泥、石灰和沙子制成的灰泥(附图6(7))粘在墙上(附图6)。墙两面的灰泥混合物一旦凝固就加固了系统结构，允许用于任何形式的楼面和夹层系统。
附图说明
图1显示塑料砖(1)一个透视图，可以看见允许圆钢棍(附图3(4))滑动的导孔(2)，可以看见一个榫接柱(3)，它可以通过压入另一块砖的底部的同一尺寸的凹榫接口进行连接。
图2显示空心塑料模板(1)的一个透视图，其特点是上部有一个用作按压装配的向上的凸起(3)，其沿空心塑料模板(1)的整个长度设置，空心塑料模板(1)是由再生PET聚合物挤压成的空心材料。在这个空心塑料模板的底部有一个相应于沿整个由再生PET聚合物挤压成的空心塑料模板设置的向上的突起(3)的向下的凸起(4)。这个空心塑料模板(1)有两个肩(5)，它允许另一空心塑料模板的底部在其上装配，并从下至上线性连续组成模块(附图4)用于建成一堵墙。在向上的凸起(3)的顶部有一些导孔(2)，它们与向下的凸起(4)的顶部的另一些导孔(2)同轴。这个导孔(2)允许圆钢棍(附图4(4))滑动穿入。
图3显示了用塑料砖(1)预制的模块的主视图，从图上可看到底部(2)和顶部(3)的钢板槽，以及在每一端部和中间的圆钢棍(4)，这些组合形成坚固的模块。
图4显示了用空心塑料模板(1)预制的模块的主视图，从图上可看到底部(2)和顶部(3)的钢板槽，以及在每一端部和中间的圆钢棍(4)，这些组合形成坚固的模块。
图5显示了包含一个门框(6)和一个窗框(7)的预制模块的主视图，从图上可看到放置的圆钢棍(4)。
图6显示了完整结构系统的主视图，图上可以看到预制的模块(附图3或者附图4)与结构组件的结合。可以看到附加在依靠在基础上套在图3和图4所示的预置模块上的柱子(2)的底部U砖基部(1)和上部的U砖围栏(3)。还可以看到U型钩子(4)，这些钩子作为预制模块(附图3或者附图4)和底部U砖基部(1)和上部的U砖围栏(3)的连接组件，以及轧制钢丝钩子(5)用于捆绑两个模块(附图3或者附图4)端部的圆钢棍(4)。
图7显示了借助于轧制钢丝制作的“U”型组件在底部U砖基部(3)和图3的预置模块之间的焊接连接件的细节。
图8显示了一个交互结构系统的主视图，其中称作PTR(4和5)的矩形钢取代了柱子(附图6(2))和上部的U砖围栏(附图6(3))也被用于图3和图4中房屋预置模块.这些完全记载在图3和图4中。在图3或图4中的上述预置模块上，在其两端增加了围绕塑料砖(附图3(1))或者空心塑料模板(附图4(1))的垂直钢板槽(6)，从而与底部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2))和顶部钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(3))构成一个封闭框架，其分别与称作PTR(4和5)的矩形钢作用。装配连接是以许多钢板段(7)为基础，钢板(7)焊接或者螺栓连接到旁边的垂直PTR钢板(4)上，这样直到连接顶部的PTR(5)矩形钢和预制模块(附图3或者附图4)，照此做下去可以建成任何形式的建筑物。矩形钢的垂直组件(4)替换柱子(附图6(2))在其底部末端通过一块基板(3)锚固，矩形钢末端具有螺纹槽开口允许螺纹杆(2)穿过锚固在底部U砖基部的混凝土内。一个插销固定在上述螺纹杆(2)上保证矩形钢(4)的垂直度。
具体实施方式
在附图3和附图4中图示的本发明的塑料砖模块(附图3(1))或者空心塑料模板模块(附图4(1)基本上由塑料砖(附图3(1))或者空心塑料模板(附图4(1)行一行放置在另一行顶部形成，它们与一个有钢板槽组成的结构框连接，这个结构框起到底部基础(附图3和附图4的(2))的作用，当塑料砖(附图3(1))或者空心塑料模板(附图4(1)的行或排上升到要求的高度，与倒置的钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(3))连接形成的上部封口。图3和图4中的圆钢棍通过塑料砖和塑料砖(附图3(1))或者空心塑料模板(附图4(1)内的连接导孔(附图1和附图2的(2))在塑料砖(附图3(1))或者空心塑料模板(附图4(1)内滑动。上述圆钢棍受到钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2和3))的地面与天花板的限制，圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))在其两侧(附图3和附图4)焊接到钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2和3))的地面与天花板上，从而允许在钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2和3))的顶部和底部边缘形成牢固封闭连接。沿着塑料砖(附图3(1))或者空心塑料模板(附图4(1)所有连接，圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))在由塑料砖(附图3(1))或者空心塑料模板(附图4(1)形成的导孔(附图1和附图2的(2))内滑动，但是圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))与钢板槽(附图3和附图4的(2和3))围成的地面和天花板接触处没有焊接，这样，给予其更大的压缩能力同时也有助于在地震时作为伴随地球运动的松散组件来释放能量。看模块的前面，在塑料砖和附图3(1)的塑料砖或者空心塑料模板(附图4(1)的行间的圆钢棍(附图3和附图4的(4))预留间断的空档(附图3和附图4的(5))留给圆钢棍(附图3和附图4(4))进入，圆钢棍通过钩子(附图6(5))连接到旁边预制模块(附图3和附图4)的任一侧的垂直柱子(附图6(2)上，连接到任何其他柱子(附图6(2)上形成连续性，从而形成墙，然后形成建筑物。在附图3和附图4的模块的任一侧，借助连接在外部柱子(附图3和附图4的(4))的间断空档(附图3和附图4的(5))上的钩子(附图6(5))连接的柱子(附图6(2))被连到一个金属或者木头的能填充混凝土的模架以便浇筑进去混凝土，这样，当撤去金属或者木头的模架时，留下一个抵御重力和侧力的坚固结构。一旦墙体的这个步骤完成，往墙两侧面墙放置上一块金属(铁丝网类金属)或者塑料网(附图6(6))，确保灰泥(附图6(7))粘连，灰泥稍后变硬，从而达到建筑物要求的强度和硬度。
这个建筑系统是一个在住宅房屋建筑中取代传统砖石的建筑替代物，它给人类一个避免固体垃圾的环保机会，使用大量回收的塑料瓶，倡导一种循环利用的文化。

Claims (3)

1.一种基于空心塑料砖或空心塑料模板的建筑模块，包括由空心塑料砖或空心塑料模板、圆钢辊和钢板槽组成的预置模块；空心塑料砖或空心塑料模板的上端面带有向上的凸起，其下端面具有与上端面的凸起配合的凹榫，且空心塑料砖或空心塑料模板内具有上下贯通的导孔；预置模块由空心塑料砖或空心塑料模板一行放置在另一行顶部，两行之间的凸起和凹榫配合，最下面一行固定在底部钢板槽内，最顶部一行固定在顶部钢板槽内，圆钢辊分别从左右两端和中部插入空心塑料砖或空心塑料模板的导孔内，且上下端延伸到顶部钢板槽和底部钢板槽内，两端的圆钢辊上下两端分别焊接在顶部钢板槽和底部钢板槽上而形成，还包括将一个预置模块连接到另一个预制模块连续形成墙的结构组件，所述结构组件包括U砖基部、U砖围栏和柱子，预置模块放置在U砖基部上方，U砖围栏放置在预置模块的顶部，柱子在预置模块的两侧，U砖基部、U砖围栏套在柱子上下两端上，且通过U型钩子连接，预置模块左右两端预留间断的空档给两端的圆钢辊，空档处的圆钢辊与柱子另一侧对应的另一个预置模块一端的空档内的圆钢辊通过钩子连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于空心塑料砖或空心塑料模板的建筑模块，其特征在于，所述预置模块中从中部插入空心塑料砖或空心塑料模板的导孔内的圆钢辊自由放置在顶部钢板槽和底部钢板槽之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的基于空心塑料砖或空心塑料模板的建筑模块，其特征在于，所述预置模块内设置有门框和/或窗框。
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