CN101444416A - Fiber-optic scanning head and driving method thereof - Google Patents
Fiber-optic scanning head and driving method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101444416A CN101444416A CNA2008102374155A CN200810237415A CN101444416A CN 101444416 A CN101444416 A CN 101444416A CN A2008102374155 A CNA2008102374155 A CN A2008102374155A CN 200810237415 A CN200810237415 A CN 200810237415A CN 101444416 A CN101444416 A CN 101444416A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fiber-optic scanning head and the driving method thereof. The fiber-optic scanning head is characterized in that two piezoelectric ceramic pieces plated with electrode layers are symmetrically and parallelly spliced on a thin conductive substrate which is free from inverse piezoelectric effect; a section of bare optical fiber, which is free from coating layer at the tail end and is provided with a suitable structure on the end surface and is spliced between the two piezoelectric ceramic pieces; a bare optical fiber in appropriate size is reserved, so as to be served as a vibration free end; the electrods of the two piezoelectric ceramic pieces have access to driving signals; the driving signals are formed by the superposition of a sawtooth wave and a sine wave; the sawtooth wave ensures that an identical elongation or shortening amount are produced by two piezoelectric ceramic pieces at the same time, so that position of the fiber-optic end is driven to move, and the field scanning action is finished; the sine wave ensures that a tiny length difference is produced by the two piezoelectric ceramic pieces, so as to produce a slight swing which is parallel to the thin conductive substrate, the optical fiber enables to produce a resonance with a greater amplitude, and the line scanning action can be finished. The fiber-optic scanning head has the advantages that the structure is simple, and the volume of the probe is reduced effectively. Therefore, the scanning of the probe is more stable, and the phenomenon of the non-uniform imaging quality is eliminated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the optical scanning technical field of imaging, particularly a kind of fiber-optic scanning head and driving method thereof.
Background technology
Optical imagery not only can be realized not damaged, non-intruding, Non-ionizing radiation and real-time detection and the imaging to biological tissue, and can be used for the diagnosis and the treatment of vivo biological tissue structural analysis, characterisitic parameter measurement and disease, and growth momentum is swift and violent.In order to observe mechanics of biological tissue better, the optical scanning technology is arisen at the historic moment.More representative optical scanning imaging technique has Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Technology (Optical Coherence Tomography), the burnt micro-imaging of copolymerization, two-photon fluorescence excitation imaging.Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Technology has good characteristics such as imaging is quick, high-resolution, and is all significant to biological tissue's research and clinical practice.The microstructure imaging that burnt micro-imaging of copolymerization and two-photon fluorescence excitation imaging can be used to organize.In order to adapt to the demand in research and the clinical practice, as scanning imagery in vivo and organize the microstructure imaging, it is imperative to make microminiaturized inner peeping type scanheads.
The inner peeping type scanheads generally adopts fiber optic conduction, and reason is that optical fiber has characteristics such as volume is little, easy to operate.At present, Chang Yong inner peeping type scanheads most variations is based on micromachine, MEMS technology, electromagnetism and electrostatic effect design.Complex structure, volume are big, higher, the not high shortcoming of image taking speed of cost but these designs exist.So researcher begins to be concerned about piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), it has advantages such as volume is little, cheap, vibration is stable.
MIT OCT group had adopted piezoelectric ceramic tube to drive the fiber-optic vibration method in 1997, successfully developed inner peeping type scanheads (Boppart SA, Bouma BE, Pitris C et al.Forward-imaging instruments for optical coherence tomography.OptLett 22:1618-1620,1997.).This is designed to the first scheme that PZT is applied to scanheads.But this scheme can only realize one-dimensional scanning, and sweep limits is less.But also brought a new thinking to researcher design inner peeping type fiber-optic scanning head.
That more representative is Li Xinde has realized a kind of two-dimentional inner peeping type fiber-optic scanning head with the piezoelectric ceramic tube of cutting apart electrode in 2004 scheme (Xiumei Liu, Michael J.Cobb, and Yuchuan Chen, Michael B.Kimmey, Xingde Li.Rapid-scanningforward-imaging miniature endoscope for real-time optical coherencetomography.Opt Lett, 29:1763-1765,2004.), and applied for United States Patent (USP) (Pub.No.:US2004/0254474).This probe has that sweep limits is big, volume is little, the image taking speed advantages of higher, but because scan mode is the two-dimensional helical shape, and imaging effect is inhomogeneous, inner outside clear.
The Ding Zhihua of Zhejiang University's contemporary optics instrument state key experiment etc. utilizes the resonance characteristics of optical fiber cantilever, structural asymmetry in conjunction with the optical fiber cantilever, it is (just yellow to have developed the two-dimensional scan fibre-optical probe that is applied to optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, Ding Zhihua, Wu Ling. single two-dimensional scan fibre-optical probe development .CHINESE JOURNAL OF LASERS that drives, VOL.34, No.3,2007).This design has only used a PZT just to realize the function of two-dimensional scan, has simplified the structure of probe.But the track while scan of probe is a Lissajou's figure, and the signal to noise ratio of imaging is not that very high quality to imaging can produce bigger influence.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art and defective, plurality of advantages based on PZT, and provide a kind of fiber-optic scanning head and driving method thereof, the present invention utilizes a PZT to realize the function of two-dimensional scan, the volume of fiber-optic scanning head is littler like this, more simple while of structure sweep limits is big, the image quality height.These unique advantages be allowed to condition at clinical and scientific research on have a good application prospect.
A kind of fiber-optic scanning head, it is characterized in that, the inboard symmetrical parallel of thin conductive substrate that a slice does not have inverse piezoelectric effect is bonded with two piezoelectric ceramic pieces that are coated with electrode layer, one section end removes the bare fibre that coat and end face have suitable construction and is bonded in the middle of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and reserve 0.5-1.5cm length bare fibre as the vibration free end, this fiber-optic scanning head can be finished the two-dimensional scan campaign.
Described thin conductive substrate can be sheet metal or conductive carbon fibre, and its thickness is no more than 0.2mm.
Described two piezoelectric ceramic pieces that are coated with electrode layer, when after applying voltage on the electrode layer, because the effect of inverse piezoelectric effect, the deformation that piezoelectric ceramic piece will produce length direction elongates or shortens.
Described optical fiber can be single-mode fiber, multimode fibre or photonic crystal fiber.
Described end face has the bare fibre of suitable construction, and its end face can be planar end surface, hemispherical end face, parabola shaped end face or tapered end face according to the difference of application form.
A kind of driving method of fiber-optic scanning head, thin conductive substrate on the fiber-optic scanning head is connect power ground, the electrode of two piezoelectric ceramics of parallel placement inserts the driving signal respectively, driving signal is formed by stacking by two parts of signals, a part is that amplitude is bigger, the sawtooth waveforms that frequency is lower, another part is that amplitude is less, frequency just equals the double polarity sine ripple of free end mechanical fiber optic resonant frequency, the instantaneous value that drives signal for this reason the two parts of signals instantaneous value and value, the driving signal sawtooth waveforms of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces partly has identical amplitude and phase place, two piezoelectric ceramic pieces produce the identical amount of elongating or shortening at synchronization, thereby drive optic fibre end and produce moving of position, constitute the field scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.But the sinusoidal wave part of the driving signal of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces has identical amplitude position phase difference of pi just mutually, the result of its effect makes that thereby producing the tiny length difference at two pairs of piezoelectric ceramic pieces produces the small sway that is parallel to thin conductive substrate, because hunting frequency just equals to vibrate free end mechanical fiber optic resonant frequency, thereby optical fiber will produce the bigger resonance behavior of amplitude, thereby constitute the line scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.
The present invention has following characteristics:
1, the present invention utilizes two piezoelectric ceramic pieces and the thin conductive substrate of a slice to drive optical fiber formation optical-fiber two-dimensional scanheads, simplified the structure of fiber-optic scanning head, can greatly dwindle the size of fiber-optic scanning head, therefore can be deep into and spy upon the head use in the live body body in the conduct.
2, driving method has utilized the resonance characteristic of optical fiber to form line scanning cleverly, has increased the line scanning scope of optical fiber, and non-resonant scheme has been adopted in field scanning simultaneously, so there is not blind spot in scanning process.
3, because the track while scan of track while scan and other optical imaging systems is basic identical, help being used with other imaging devices.
4, detection fiber there is not specific (special) requirements, convenient with other fiber optic detection system couplings.
5, manufacture method is simple, and is with low cost, is beneficial to popularization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 fiber-optic scanning head structural representation.
Fig. 2 adds Y direction electric field probe deformation sketch map.
Fig. 3 deformational displacement amount is calculated sketch map.
Fig. 4 added polarity opposite electric field probe deformation sketch map.
Fig. 5 line scanning trajectory diagram of popping one's head in.
Fig. 6 drives the signal form sketch map.
Fig. 7 fibre-optical probe two-dimensional scan track sketch map.
Fig. 8 drives and probe overall structure sketch map.
Fig. 9 utilizes in the fiber-optic scanning head formation and peeps the fluorescence imaging system schematic.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with example and accompanying drawing, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
The present invention can realize by following mode: as shown in Figure 1.
1, get the piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 that two single faces are coated with electrode layer 1, utilize epoxy resin that two piezoelectric ceramic pieces are not had on the parallel thin conductive substrate 3 that is bonded in no inverse piezoelectric effect of plated film face, the piezoelectric ceramic piece spacing is as the criterion with stand-by optical fiber 4 diameters;
2, one section end removes the bare fibre 4 that coat and end face have suitable construction and is bonded in the middle of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2, and reserves 0.5-1.5cm length bare fibre 4 as the vibration free ends;
3, the difference welding lead is fixed fiber-optic scanning head one end as signal lead on piezoelectric ceramics electrode surface 1 and thin conductive substrate 3, and the other end can be finished scan function under the effect of driving signal;
4, driving signal is formed by stacking by two parts of signals, a part is the sawtooth waveforms that amplitude is big, frequency is lower, another part is that amplitude is less, and frequency just equals the double polarity sine ripple of free end mechanical fiber optic resonant frequency, the instantaneous value that drives signal for this reason the two parts of signals instantaneous value and value.The driving signal sawtooth waveforms of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 partly has identical amplitude and phase place, two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 produce the identical amount of elongating or shortening at synchronization, thereby drive optical fiber 4 terminations and produce moving of position, constitute the field scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.But the sinusoidal wave part of the driving signal of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 has identical amplitude position phase difference of pi just mutually, the result of its effect makes that thereby producing the tiny length difference at two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 produces the small sway that is parallel to thin conductive substrate 3, because hunting frequency just equals to vibrate free end optical fiber 4 mechanical resonance frequencies, thereby optical fiber 4 will produce the bigger resonance behavior of amplitude, thereby constitute the line scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.
For operation principle of the present invention is described, definition piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 length directions are the Z direction, thickness direction is the Y direction, width is a directions X, and suppose the elongation action that piezoelectric ceramics 2 produces length direction (Z direction) when the external electric field direction is Y direction negative direction (both: electrode layer 1 connects the driving power positive pole, and thin conductive substrate 3 connects the driving power negative pole).
Shown in Fig. 2 a, when extra electric field direction Y direction, pass through inverse piezoelectric effect, the elongation that piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 produces Z direction (length direction), because there is not inverse piezoelectric effect in thin conductive substrate 3, length does not change under electric field, and therefore the result of whole effect makes the whole convex bending deformation that produces on the Y direction (thickness direction).Produce bow deformation when in like manner, direction of an electric field is opposite shown in Fig. 2 b.When with the one end fixedly the time, the other end will produce displacement owing to deformation.
With convex bending deformation is example, its displacement can roughly be estimated as follows: owing to compare with piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 length l piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 absolute variable Δ l less, therefore can be with the approximate straight line of regarding as of convex bending deformation, as shown in Figure 3, length l is respectively the right-angle side and the hypotenuse of right angled triangle with distortion back length l+Δ l before the distortion, then another right-angle side length displacement that is the termination.
Wherein
d
31Be piezoelectric modulus, t is a piezoelectric ceramic piece thickness, and V is an applied voltage.
With the PZT5 canonical parameter is example, supposes l=50mm, d
31=360, t=0.3mm, V=200V, then
The i.e. displacement of this fiber-optic scanning head under the effect of 200V voltage is 1.1mm.
Insert identical driving voltage on two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2, then two piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 coefficient results are identical with a slice piezoelectric ceramics exercising result of above analysis.
If driving signal is an alternating signal, then the fiber-optic scanning head shift position will change with drive signal change.For guaranteeing the sweep limits of scanheads, usually the length of piezoelectric ceramics 2 is tens mm, therefore the resonant vibration frequency of itself is generally tens to hundreds of Hz, when driving signal frequency is higher than resonant frequency, the amplitude of itself will dwindle significantly, so the displacement of y direction is suitable as the lower field scanning of relative frequency.
If on two piezoelectric ceramics, add opposite polarity two electric fields, as adding on the plate electrode 1-Y direction electric field, add on another plate electrode 1+Y direction electric field, then a sector-meeting is along the elongation of Z direction in two piezoelectric ceramics 2, and another sheet shortens along the Z direction.Then coefficient result makes integral body produce crooked deformation at directions X (width).Shown in Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b.
Has identical amplitude but the position sine wave of phase difference of pi just mutually if be added in the driving signal of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 and be, then Zuo Yong result makes that to produce time dependent tiny length at two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 poor, thereby produce the small sway that is parallel to thin conductive substrate 3, if hunting frequency just equals to vibrate free end optical fiber 4 mechanical resonance frequencies, optical fiber 4 will produce the bigger resonance behavior of amplitude, thereby constitute the line scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.According to Theory of Vibration, the natural frequency f that can vibrate free end optical fiber is:
In the formula, L is the free end fiber lengths, and R is a fiber radius, and E is the optical fiber Young's modulus, and ρ is a density of optic fibre, and β is a constant by vibration modulus and boundary condition decision.After optical fiber was selected, because R, E and ρ also are constant, the natural frequency of optical fiber was only relevant with length, can reach specific rate of scanning by regulating vibration free end optical fiber 4 length.When the frequency that drives signal during near the optical fiber natural frequency, optical fiber 4 is in resonance state, and it is maximum that the amplitude of vibration will reach.This shows, whether the optical fiber amplitude of line scanning depends primarily on frequency accurate, therefore and little with the amplitude relation of piezoelectric ceramic piece 2, in frequency accurately under the prerequisite, the driving voltage that 2 needs of piezoelectric ceramic piece are very little just can make the bigger sweep limits of optical fiber 4 generations.
Be example with above PZT5 material still, when drive signal amplitude was the 10V peak-to-peak value, sweep limits can reach more than 500 microns.Actual scanogram as shown in Figure 5.
In sum, finish the two-dimensional scan action for making fiber-optic scanning head, driving signal demand is made of two parts, a part is the sawtooth waveforms that amplitude is big, frequency is lower, as field scanning, another part is that amplitude is less, and frequency just equals the double polarity sine ripple of free end mechanical fiber optic resonant frequency, as line scanning, the instantaneous value that drives signal for this reason the two parts of signals instantaneous value and value.
The driving signal sawtooth waveforms of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 partly has identical amplitude and phase place, two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 produce the identical amount of elongating or shortening at synchronization, thereby drive optical fiber 4 terminations and produce moving of position, constitute the field scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.But the sinusoidal wave part of the driving signal of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 has identical amplitude position phase difference of pi just mutually, the result of its effect makes that thereby producing the tiny length difference at two pairs of piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 produces the small sway that is parallel to thin conductive substrate, because hunting frequency just equals to vibrate free end optical fiber 4 mechanical resonance frequencies, thereby optical fiber 4 will produce the bigger resonance behavior of amplitude, thereby constitute the line scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.Optical fiber 4 movement locus after two actions are synthetic as shown in Figure 7.
Embodiment one: the making of fiber-optic scanning head.Step is as follows
1, gets 2 two of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces that length that single face is coated with electrode layer 1 is 50mm, width 0.2mm, thickness 0.2mm, getting 53 millimeters of thickness length, width 0.6mm, thickness is scale copper 3 a slices of 0.1mm, utilize epoxy resin with two piezoelectric ceramic pieces, 2 parallel being bonded on the copper sheet 3, piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 one ends are concordant with copper sheet 3 terminations, and two piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 spacings are 0.2mm.
2, a section single-mould fiber end is removed 30～40mm coat and expose bare fibre 4, it is smooth to utilize the fiber cut cutter that fiber end face is cut, optical fiber 4 is placed gap between two piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and reserve 10mm length (resonant frequency is about 1KHz) as the vibration free end, utilize epoxy resin with optical fiber 4 strong bond in 2 gaps of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces.
3, the difference welding lead is fixed non-fiber one end as signal lead on 1 of piezoelectric ceramics electrode layer and copper sheet 3.
4, signal lead on the copper sheet 3 is connect signal ground, two piezoelectric ceramic piece lead-in wires insert the driving power 5 driving signal of form as shown in Figure 6 respectively, driving signal is formed by stacking by two parts of signals, a part for amplitude be 0～200V, frequency be 4Hz, rise time and fall time ratio be the sawtooth waveforms of 9:1, another part is peak-to-peak value 10V, the double polarity sine ripple of frequency 1KHz, the instantaneous value that drives signal for this reason the two parts of signals instantaneous value and value.
5, the driving signal sawtooth waveforms of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 partly has identical amplitude and phase place, two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 produce the identical amount of elongating or shortening at synchronization, thereby drive optical fiber 4 terminations and produce moving of 4Hz, the about 1.1mm of scope, constitute the field scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.But the sinusoidal wave part of the driving signal of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 has identical amplitude position phase difference of pi just mutually, thereby the result of its effect makes that producing the tiny length differences at two pairs of piezoelectric ceramic pieces 2 produces the small sway that is parallel to thin conductive substrate.Because hunting frequency (1KHz) just equals to vibrate free end optical fiber 4 mechanical resonance frequencies (1KHz), optical fiber 4 will produce amplitude and be about 500 microns vibration, thereby constitute the line scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.
Embodiment two: utilize in the fiber-optic scanning head formation and peep the fluorescence imaging system.In peep the fluorescence imaging system schematic as shown in Figure 9.
1, make fiber-optic scanning head as embodiment one step after, it is inserted in a diameter is in the 2mm stainless steel tube 6, stainless steel tube 6 one ends are installed dimpling lens 7 in advance and are used for the focusing of optical fiber emergent light and the collection of fluorescence.
2, adjust the position of fiber-optic scanning head in stainless steel tube 6, make optical fiber axle center and lens 7 optical axis coincidences, and adjustment optical fiber 4 bonds together with the lead end and the stainless steel tube 6 of epoxy resin 8 with fibre-optical probe to suitable distance with lens 7.
3, the signal lead of optical fiber and probe is inserted in rubber sheath 9 backs and draws, utilize epoxy resin 8 that rubber sheath 9 and stainless steel tube 6 are bonded together, and guarantee good seal from the other end of stainless steel tube 6.
4, the light that sends of excitation source 10 is reflected by dichroic mirror 11 after overcoupling lens 12 are coupled in the optical fiber 4, exciting light focuses on the fluorescence staining sample 13 to be measured through lenticule 7 after the fiber-optic scanning head outgoing and excited sample 13 is sent fluorescence, fluorescence is collected and is coupled in the optical fiber 4 of fiber-optic scanning head by lenticule 7, passes dichroic mirror 11 through optical fiber 4 transmission back scioptics 12 collimations and is radiated on the photomultiplier tube 14.
5, driving power 5 drives fiber-optic scanning head and realizes two-dimensional scan, and driving power 5 will drive signal and send into image processing system 15 simultaneously.
6, image processing system 15 fluorescence intensity that photomultiplier tube 14 is noted is corresponding one by one with the sweep signal of driving power 5, promptly constitutes complete scanogram.
7, will encapsulate the back fiber-optic scanning head is inserted into and peeps fluorescence imaging in can carrying out in the organism.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of fiber-optic scanning head, it is characterized in that: do not have in a slice that symmetrical parallel is bonded with two piezoelectric ceramic pieces that are coated with electrode layer on the thin conductive substrate of inverse piezoelectric effect, one section end removes the bare fibre that coat and end face have suitable construction and is bonded in the middle of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and reserves 0.5-1.5cm length bare fibre as the vibration free end.
2, fiber-optic scanning head according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described thin conductive substrate is sheet metal or conductive carbon fibre, and its thickness is no more than 0.2mm.
3, fiber-optic scanning head according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described two piezoelectric ceramic pieces that are coated with electrode layer, when after applying voltage on the electrode layer, piezoelectric ceramic piece will produce the deformation of length direction: elongate or shorten.
4, fiber-optic scanning head according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described optical fiber is single-mode fiber, multimode fibre or photonic crystal fiber.
5, fiber-optic scanning head according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described end face has the bare fibre of suitable construction, and the bare fibre end face is planar end surface, hemispherical end face, parabola shaped end face or tapered end face.
6, a kind of driving method of fiber-optic scanning head, it is characterized in that: will connect power ground according to thin conductive substrate on the described fiber-optic scanning head of one of claim 1-6, the electrode of two piezoelectric ceramics of parallel placement inserts the driving signal respectively, drive signal and be formed by stacking by sawtooth waveforms and double polarity sine ripple two parts of signals, the instantaneous value that drives signal for this reason the two parts of signals instantaneous value and value; The driving signal sawtooth waveforms of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces partly has identical amplitude and phase place, two piezoelectric ceramic pieces produce the identical amount of elongating or shortening at synchronization, thereby drive optic fibre end and produce moving of position, constitute the field scanning action of optical fiber scanning head; But the sinusoidal wave part of the driving signal of two piezoelectric ceramic pieces has identical amplitude position phase difference of pi just mutually, make that thereby producing the tiny length difference at two pairs of piezoelectric ceramic pieces produces the small sway that is parallel to thin conductive substrate, because hunting frequency just equals to vibrate free end mechanical fiber optic resonant frequency, optical fiber will produce the bigger resonance behavior of amplitude, thereby constitute the line scanning action of optical fiber scanning head.
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