CN101443560A - 防弹线性液压促动器 - Google Patents

防弹线性液压促动器 Download PDF

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CN101443560A
CN101443560A CNA2007800167794A CN200780016779A CN101443560A CN 101443560 A CN101443560 A CN 101443560A CN A2007800167794 A CNA2007800167794 A CN A2007800167794A CN 200780016779 A CN200780016779 A CN 200780016779A CN 101443560 A CN101443560 A CN 101443560A
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actuator
hydraulic actuator
hydraulic
section
cylinder
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CN101443560B (zh
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卡洛斯·A·芬尼
布伦特·C·罗斯
小约翰·R·巴伯
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Bell Helicopter Textron Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/06Shields
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/028Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force
    • F15B11/036Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force by means of servomotors having a plurality of working chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1428Cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1466Hollow piston sliding over a stationary rod inside the cylinder
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/3207Constructional features
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32Details
    • F16F9/38Covers for protection or appearance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00Armour; Armour plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2215/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another
    • F15B2215/30Constructional details thereof
    • F15B2215/305Constructional details thereof characterised by the use of special materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

一种线性液压促动器,具有铠装区段和未铠装区段,所述铠装区段具有同心缸体,而所述未铠装区段具有带易碎活塞和易碎上压盖螺母的缸体。所述液压促动器可以具有泄流孔,其适配成防止给所述缸体提供动力的液压系统之间发生泄漏。所述液压促动器还具有用来密封未铠装区段的缸体端部的轴孔密封件和适配成允许感知因所述轴孔密封件损坏而导致的流体泄漏的感知端口。

Description

防弹线性液压促动器
技术领域
本发明涉及防弹(ballistic tolerant)线性液压促动器。
背景技术
许多类型的线性液压促动器用在飞行器上,用来定位飞行器部件。这些部件可以包括诸如飞行控制表面、减速板、起落架等部件。为了在系统中提供裕度,经常采用双重或三重促动器,而且这些促动器可以与两个或更多个液压系统一起使用,为促动器提供动力。
双重同心促动器的一个例子在图1中示出,用于波音F/A-18飞行器的减速板。促动器11包括中央液压收缩室13,其具有固定在静止端的活塞15;和同心外液压促动器收缩室17,其具有连接在移动端的活塞19。为了延伸促动器,设置有单一的延伸室20。
目前,有两种技术用来为直升机和斜旋翼飞机上所用的关键飞行控制促动器提供三重裕度。图2示出了现有技术中用于飞行控制促动器23、25的液压促动器系统21的配置,与贝尔/波音V-22斜旋翼飞行器所用的一样。系统21例如用来定位飞行控制设备27。由于将三个缸体头对头串联配置,导致过大的促动器机壳,所以系统21采用了双重串联促动器23并采用切换阀29来允许两个不同的液压系统31、33其中之一向促动器23内两个缸体其中之一提供动力。系统21的配置不能提供完全的三重裕度,因此也不能像真的三重促动器系统那样可靠。
图3示出了现有技术中用于飞行控制促动器37、39、41的液压促动器系统35的配置,和Bell/Agusta BA609斜旋翼飞行器中所用的一样。系统35例如用力定位飞行控制设备43。系统35通过让三个缸体45、47、49并排设置成三角形而提供一种紧凑的完全三重促动器系统,并且这种配置较之图2所示带有切换阀的双重串联配置系统21更为可靠。但是,由于三个暴露的臂51、53、55和缸体45、47、49必须装甲或者以其他方式设计成提供防弹性,所以这种配置并不能应用于军事领域。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中双重同心液压促动器的示意性截面图;
图2是现有技术中液压促动器系统配置的示意图;
图3是现有技术中液压促动器系统配置的示意图;
图4是防弹液压促动器一种实施方式的示意性截面图;
图5是防弹液压促动器一种实施方式的详细截面图;
图6A是图5所示防弹的液压促动器一部分的示意放大截面图;
图6B是图5所示防弹的液压促动器一部分的示意放大截面图。
具体实施方式
为了克服并排平行配置促动器的防弹(ballistic)问题,促动器的一种实施方式给出了配合在促动器机壳内的三重串联促动器,它只是比行程长度相同的V-22双重串联促动器略微大一些。较之目前的V-22配置来说,带有同心下部缸体的三重串联促动器配置通过提供两个铠装缸体加上一个未铠装缸体,改善了防弹性能,目前的V-22配置中,使用了一个铠装缸体和一个未铠装缸体。此外,促动器还具有穿透柱塞的泄漏通孔口来防止系统间泄漏和感知何时出现上部轴孔密封件损坏的感知端口。通过消除切换阀和提供完全的三重裕度,也改善了可靠性。
图4是三重串联促动器57的示意性截面视图。促动器57包括位于铠装区段59内的双重同心缸体配置和位于未铠装区段61内的单一缸体配置。铠装区段59包括铠装外壁63,使得飞弹冲击对区段59造成的损害最小。铠装壁63可以由任何适当材料形成,诸如铠装板,并包围一定体积,该体积分成两个同心促动器缸体,而未铠装区段61包括外壁65,该外壁65包围一定的体积,该体积配置成一个促动器缸体。区段59、61同轴布置地彼此接合。
柱塞67穿过区段61延伸到区段59。柱塞67具有位于区段61内的缸体部分69和形成在缸体部分69外表面上的圆周易碎活塞71。活塞71具有相对的表面73、75,且活塞71利用密封件77密封到外壁65的内表面上,在区段61内限定环形流体空间79、81。延伸端口83穿过外壁65延伸,并与流体空间79连通,而收缩端口85穿过外壁65延伸并与流体空间81连通。密封件87密封地啮合柱塞67和外壁65,并且密封流体空间79相对着活塞71的端部。易碎的螺母和轴孔密封组件89也密封地啮合柱塞67和外壁65,以密封流体空间81相对着活塞71的端部。
柱塞67具有延伸到区段59内并终止于活塞93的裙部91。活塞93的外表面利用密封件95密封到外壁63上,且裙部91利用密封件97密封到外壁63上。裙部91包围内阀构件99,该内阀构件连接到外壁63并终止于活塞101。密封件103将活塞101密封地啮合到裙部91的内表面105,限定流体空间109。密封件111将柱塞67的活塞93内表面密封到阀构件99,而密封件103、111协作来限定环形流体空间113。密封件95、95协作来限定环形流体空间115,而密封件95、111协作来限定环形流体空间117。
延伸端口119穿过外壁63延伸并与流体空间117连通,而收缩端口121穿过外壁63延伸并与流体空间115连通。流体空间117内的压力作用在活塞93的表面123上,而流体空间115内的压力作用在活塞93的表面125上。
延伸端口127穿过阀构件99延伸并与流体空间109连通,而收缩端口129穿过阀构件99延伸并与流体空间113连通。流体空间109内的压力作用在柱塞67的活塞表面131上,而流体空间113内的压力作用在活塞93的表面133上。
操作中,可以通过延伸端口83、119和127其中任一向对应的流体空间79、109、117施加流体压力来延伸柱塞67。流体压力作用在关联的活塞表面73、123、131上,导致柱塞延伸出促动器57之外。类似地,通过收缩端口85、121和129其中之一向对应的流体空间81、113、115内施加流体压力,可以将柱塞67缩回。流体压力作用在关联的活塞表面75、125、133上,导致柱塞缩回到促动器57之内。在未铠装区段61发生飞弹损坏的情况下,仍然可以利用铠装区段59内的缸体将柱塞延伸或缩回。如果铠装区段59内的其中一个同心缸体损坏,则另一个缸体仍然可以用于定位柱塞67。
图5是三重串联促动器另一种实施方式的详细截面图,而图6A和6B是图5所示促动器放大的详细截面视图。
图5示出了配置类似于上述促动器57的三重串联促动器135。促动器135包括位于铠装区段137内的双重同心缸体配置,和位于未铠装区段139内的单一缸体配置。图6A是未铠装区段139的放大视图,而图6B是铠装区段137的放大视图。
未铠装区段139具有未铠装的外壁141,其形成用于移动柱塞143的单一缸体促动器。延伸端口145穿过外壁141延伸并与环形流体空间147连通,而收缩端口149穿过外壁141延伸并与环形流体空间151连通。以类似于上述促动器57的方式,流体空间147内的压力作用在易碎活塞153的对应表面上,以延伸柱塞143,而流体空间151内的压力作用在活塞153的相对表面上,以缩回柱塞143。易碎螺母和轴孔密封组件155用来密封流体空间151相对着活塞153的端部。泄流口157设置在柱塞143上,允许从区段139内的液压系统中泄漏的流体流出。此外,感知端口159设置在外壁141上,允许感知表示组件155内轴孔密封件损坏的流体泄漏。三重线性可变差动变压器161用来测量促动器135操作过程中柱塞143的位移量。
使用感知端口159允许保护液压系统动力区段139。如果检测到流向端口159的流动(表示轴孔密封件155损坏),则飞行控制计算机可以将总管(未示出)馈送区段139配置成旁路/关断配置,以隔离泄漏部。这样防止了区段139在轴孔密封组件155损坏之后耗尽系统中的流体,并从源头隔离泄漏部。
铠装区段137具有铠装外壁163,其形成双重同心缸体用来移动柱塞143。延伸端口165穿过外壁163延伸并与环形流体空间167连通,而收缩端口196穿过外壁163延伸并与环形流体空间171连通。阀构件173位于柱塞143的裙部175内,且延伸端口177和收缩端口179穿过阀构件173延伸。阀构件173连接到外壁163并且不与柱塞143一起移动。延伸端口177与流体空间181连通,而收缩端口179与环形流体空间183连通。以类似于上述促动器57的方式,流体空间167内的压力作用在对应的活塞185表面上,延伸柱塞143,且流体空间171内的压力作用在活塞185的相对表面上,缩回柱塞143。类似地,流体空间181内的压力作用在柱塞143的内表面187上,延伸柱塞143,而流体空间183内的压力作用在活塞185的对应表面上,缩回柱塞143。泄流口189设置在区段137、139交界部附近,允许从区段137内的液压系统两者或其中之一泄漏的流体流出。
在优选实施方式中,三重串联促动器缸体组件的尺寸和重量只是比类似的双重串联促动器略大。所需的较大柱塞直径为柱塞内的第三缸体创造了需要的空间。由于V-22和许多新式飞行器将采用操作范围为5000psi的液压系统,所以只需要非常小的有效活塞面积就可以产生希望的缸体操作。双重串联促动器和三重串联促动器之间唯一显著的重量差别在于增加了第三控制总管来操作第三缸体,虽然该重量增加因消除了切换和隔离阀而得到平衡。
无论配置为双重还是三重,每个促动器缸体的尺寸都由一个操作缸体安全操作所需的载荷来确定。由于铠装区段的装甲保护了两个系统,所以未铠装区段的损坏不会显著影响飞行机壳。
三重串联促动器带来若干优势,包括:1)为需要防弹的军用飞行器提供了关键的飞行控制促动功能;2)在不显著影响机壳和重量的前提下,提高了可靠性;和3)在不显著影响机壳和重量的前提下,提供了防弹性。
本说明书包括对所示实施方式的参照,但是并非用于限制的意思。在参照本说明之后,本领域技术人员可以明白所示实施方式的各种改型以及其他实施方式。

Claims (7)

1.一种线性液压促动器,包括:
具有同心缸体的铠装区段;和
具有带易碎活塞和易碎上压盖螺母的缸体的未铠装区段。
2.如权利要求1所述的液压促动器,进一步包括:
泄流孔口,其适配成防止给所述缸体提供动力的液压系统之间发生泄漏。
3.如权利要求1所述的液压促动器,进一步包括:
密封所述未铠装区段的缸体端部的轴孔密封件;
适配成允许检测因所述轴孔密封件损坏而导致的泄漏的感知端口。
4.如权利要求1所述的液压促动器,其特征在于,所述铠装区段和所述未铠装区段为彼此相邻的串联配置。
5.一种三重液压促动器系统,包括:
铠装双重同心液压线性促动器;
未铠装线性液压促动器;
其中所述双重同心液压线性促动器和所述未铠装线性液压促动器为彼此相邻的串联配置。
6.如权利要求5所述的液压促动器,进一步包括:
液流孔口,其适配成防止给所述促动器提供动力的液压系统之间发生泄漏。
7.如权利要求1所述的液压促动器,进一步包括:
密封所述未铠装线性液压促动器的端部的轴孔密封件;
适配成允许检测因所述轴孔密封件损坏而导致的流体泄漏的感知端口。
CN2007800167794A 2006-05-08 2007-05-08 防弹线性液压促动器 Expired - Fee Related CN101443560B (zh)

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