CN101441906A - High voltage, ultra-high voltage crosslinked polyetylene insulated power cable with non-linear shielding layer - Google Patents
High voltage, ultra-high voltage crosslinked polyetylene insulated power cable with non-linear shielding layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101441906A CN101441906A CNA2008102097951A CN200810209795A CN101441906A CN 101441906 A CN101441906 A CN 101441906A CN A2008102097951 A CNA2008102097951 A CN A2008102097951A CN 200810209795 A CN200810209795 A CN 200810209795A CN 101441906 A CN101441906 A CN 101441906A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- high voltage
- power cable
- shielding layer
- ultra
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/14—Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems, e.g. strengthening power lines or underground power cables
Abstract
The present invention discloses a high voltage and ultrahigh voltage crosslinked polyethylene insulating power cable with non-linear shielding layer, which belongs to power transmission field and specifically relates to a high voltage and ultrahigh voltage crosslinked polyethylene insulating power cable. Problem of crosslinked polyethylene insulating performance deterioration and then destruction made by generation of electrical tree of existing high voltage and ultrahigh voltage power cable is solved through the invention. The inner non-linear shielding layer of the high voltage and ultrahigh voltage crosslinked polyethylene insulating power cable with non-linear shielding layer is extruded and covered between inner conductor shielding layer and crosslinked polyethylene insulating layer, and separates inner conductor shielding layer with crosslinked polyethylene insulating layer. The present invention can be applied on all occasions that demand high voltage and ultrahigh voltage power transmission.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric power transfer field, be specifically related to a kind of high pressure, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable.
Background technology
Along with the progress and the expanding economy of society, human more and more higher to the degree of dependence of electric energy, increasing to the demand of electric energy.But overwhelming majority of countries all exists the problem of primary energy and productivity skewness weighing apparatus in the world, therefore, builds the great attention that big capacity, long distance power transmission net have obtained national governments.For reducing the line loss in the long distance power transmission process, need to adopt the high voltage power transmission technology.In the world the high voltage power transmission technology experienced from high pressure (35～220KV) to superhigh pressure (500～1000KV), ultra high voltage (greater than 1000KV) development course.Be accompanied by the development of high voltage power transmission technology, the important component part-power cable of electrical network has been proposed more and more higher requirement, must hold out against the test of high pressure, superhigh pressure.Late 1970s, cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable began to be applied to high-voltage fence.Since cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable have good electric property, transmission capacity big (the long-term work temperature can reach 90 ℃), in light weight, can high drop or advantages such as vertical run, installation and maintenance be convenient, it increases rapidly at high pressure, extra-high-tension cable field portion, especially in the high pressure field, the trend that replaces other type cable is gradually arranged.At present, 220KV and following electric pressure high-tension cable mainly adopt crosslinked polyetylene insulatedly in the world, and 500KV level cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable also is applied in the supertension line.
Long-time running and use experience show that aging the wearing out with water tree of electric branch is to cause the crosslinked polyetylene insulated performance degradation of high-tension cable until one of principal element of destroying.The moisture that has its source in that water tree produces is invaded crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer, and this problem can be by coating vertical cable insulation outside and radial resistivity water layer is suppressed it.The root that electric branch produces mainly comprises four aspects: the air gap of insulating barrier inside, impurity, screen defective and electrode emitting electrons.Mainly take following measure to suppress the formation and the development of electric branch in the crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer of high-tension cable in the existing cable production: (1) adopts semi-conductive screen, reduces the defective that causes electric field to be concentrated; (2) adopt the ultra-clean Insulation Material; (3) adopt multi-layer co-extruded technology and dry type crosslinking process, carry out closed production, prevent the introducing and the moisture contamination of impurity; (4) reduce air gap number and size; (5) in cable insulation, extrude anti-emitting panel, the adsorption electrode emitting electrons; (6) in cable insulation, add voltage stabilizer, reduce the energy that electrode injects electronics.But facts have proved, take these measures still can't guarantee to eliminate fully the formation and the development of electric branch in the crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer of high-tension cable, there is branch discharge in various degree in the high-voltage cross-linking polythene insulated cable running, cause its decreasing insulating, have the crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer of the high-tension cable breakdown accident that causes because of the electric branch discharge to take place in the time of also.Therefore, the formation that suppresses the electric branch in the crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer of high-tension cable is Chinese scholars and cable production with development always, uses the problem of department's common concern.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to cause the problem of crosslinked polyetylene insulated performance degradation and then destruction because of electric branch generates, thereby a kind of high pressure, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable with band non-linear shielding layer of good inhibition electric branch generative capacity is provided in order to solve existing high pressure, ultrahigh voltage power cable.
The high pressure of band non-linear shielding layer, the ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable, it comprises core, inner semiconductor layer, crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer, out semiconductor layer, first resilient coating, metallic sheath, anticorrosive coat, nonmetal oversheath and conductive coating, the outside of core coats inner semiconductor layer successively by order from inside to outside, crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer, out semiconductor layer, first resilient coating, metallic sheath, anticorrosive coat, nonmetal oversheath and conductive coating, non-linear shielding layer and outer non-linear shielding layer in it also comprises, the non-linear shielding layer extruding is coated between inner semiconductor layer and the crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer in described, and inner semiconductor layer and crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer separated, outer non-linear shielding layer extruding is coated between crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer and the out semiconductor layer, and crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer and out semiconductor layer are separated.
The present invention extrudes cross-linked polyolefin based non-linear screen between the crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer of high pressure, extra-high-tension cable and semiconductive shielding layer, the effect that it reaches is: (1) adsorbable conductor thread core electrons emitted in insulating barrier, play the effect of anti-electronics emission barrier; (2) electric field of eliminating the screen fault location is concentrated.In DC electric field, Electric Field Distribution and dielectric conductivity are inversely proportional to; In AC field, Electric Field Distribution and dielectric dielectric constant are inversely proportional to.The typical characteristics of non-linear shielding layer (3) be conductivity or (with) dielectric constant can change along with the change of electric field strength, thereby have in inhomogeneous field the ability of homogenizing Electric Field Distribution voluntarily, thereby effectively suppress the cable insulation surface and inner internal field concentrates.The present invention effectively suppresses the formation and the development of high pressure, the crosslinked polyetylene insulated middle electric branch of extra-high-tension cable, greatly prolong the useful life of high pressure, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable, improve the operational reliability of high pressure, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene insulated cable circuit.The long-term work temperature of power cable of the present invention can reach 90 ℃, the longest sustainable time is 5 seconds during short circuit, the maximum temperature that cable conductor allows can reach 250 ℃, and useful life, comparable existing power cable extension was 0.5～1 times, reduces by 50%～80% because of electric branch causes the probability of cable fault; And go for the electric power transfer of the high pressure of 35KV～220KV, be particularly useful for the electric power transfer of the superhigh pressure of the high-tension electricity transmission of 110KV～220KV and 500KV～1000KV.
Description of drawings: Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the specific embodiment of the present invention ten.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: this embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, the high pressure of band non-linear shielding layer, the ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable, it comprises core 1, inner semiconductor layer 2, crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer 4, out semiconductor layer 6, first resilient coating 7, metallic sheath 8, anticorrosive coat 9, nonmetal oversheath 10 and conductive coating 11, the outside of core 1 coats inner semiconductor layer 2 successively by order from inside to outside, crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer 4, out semiconductor layer 6, first resilient coating 7, metallic sheath 8, anticorrosive coat 9, nonmetal oversheath 10 and conductive coating 11, non-linear shielding layer 3 and outer non-linear shielding layer 5 in it also comprises, non-linear shielding layer 3 extruding are coated between inner semiconductor layer 2 and the crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer 4 in described, and inner semiconductor layer 2 and crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer 4 separated, outer non-linear shielding layer 5 extruding are coated between crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer 4 and the out semiconductor layer 6, and crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer 4 and out semiconductor layer 6 are separated.
Embodiment two: this embodiment is with the high pressure of embodiment one described band non-linear shielding layer, the difference of ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable, core 1 is by copper conductor or aluminum conductor is stranded constitutes, and adopts and press stranded circular configuration or milliken conductor structure.
Embodiment three: this embodiment and embodiment one or the high pressure of two described band non-linear shielding layers, the difference of ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable are, the material of first resilient coating 7 is the elasticity expanding material that vertically blocks water, for example: the semiconductive waterstop.
Embodiment four: this embodiment is that with the high pressure of embodiment three described band non-linear shielding layers, the difference of ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable the material of inner semiconductor layer 2 and out semiconductor layer 6 is the cross-linked polyolefin that is mixed with conductive filler.
Embodiment five: this embodiment is that with the high pressure of embodiment one, two or four described band non-linear shielding layers, the difference of ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable the material of metallic sheath 8 is lead or aluminium.
Embodiment six: this embodiment is that with the high pressure of embodiment five described band non-linear shielding layers, the difference of ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable the material of anticorrosive coat 9 is cable pitch or melten gel.
Embodiment seven: this embodiment is that with the high pressure of embodiment one, two, four or six described band non-linear shielding layers, the difference of ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable the material of non metallic sheath 10 is polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.
Embodiment eight: the high pressure of this embodiment and embodiment seven described band non-linear shielding layers, the difference of ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable be, conductive coating 11 adopts the electric conducting materials that can evenly firmly paste with nonmetal oversheath 10.
Embodiment nine: this embodiment is that with the high pressure of embodiment one, two, four, five, six or eight described band non-linear shielding layers, the difference of ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable the material of interior non-linear shielding layer 3 and outer non-linear shielding layer 5 is the cross-linked polyolefin that is mixed with two or more mixtures in carborundum, zinc oxide, aluminium oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanates, zirconia titanate, carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, the carbon nano-tube.
Embodiment ten: this embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 2, this embodiment is with the high pressure of embodiment nine described band non-linear shielding layers, the difference of ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable, it also comprises the metal screen layer 100 and second resilient coating 77, described metal screen layer 100 is coated on the outside of first resilient coating 7, second resilient coating 77 is coated between metal screen layer 100 and the metallic sheath 8, and metal screen layer 100 and metallic sheath 8 are separated, and the material of second resilient coating 77 is the elasticity expanding material that vertically blocks water.
Claims (10)
1, the high pressure of band non-linear shielding layer, the ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable, it comprises core (1), inner semiconductor layer (2), crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer (4), out semiconductor layer (6), first resilient coating (7), metallic sheath (8), anticorrosive coat (9), nonmetal oversheath (10) and conductive coating (11), the outside of core (1) coats inner semiconductor layer (2) successively by order from inside to outside, crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer (4), out semiconductor layer (6), first resilient coating (7), metallic sheath (8), anticorrosive coat (9), nonmetal oversheath (10) and conductive coating (11), it is characterized in that: further comprising interior non-linear shielding layer (3) and outer non-linear shielding layer (5), non-linear shielding layer (3) extruding is coated between inner semiconductor layer (2) and the crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer (4) in described, and inner semiconductor layer (2) and crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer (4) separated, outer non-linear shielding layer (5) extruding is coated between crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer (4) and the out semiconductor layer (6), and crosslinked polyetylene insulated layer (4) and out semiconductor layer (6) are separated.
2, the high pressure of band non-linear shielding layer according to claim 1, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable is characterized in that core (1) by copper conductor or aluminum conductor is stranded constitutes, and adopt and press stranded circular configuration or milliken conductor structure.
3, the high pressure of band non-linear shielding layer according to claim 1 and 2, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable, the material that it is characterized in that first resilient coating (7) are the elasticity expanding material that vertically blocks water.
4, the high pressure of band non-linear shielding layer according to claim 3, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable is characterized in that the material of inner semiconductor layer (2) and out semiconductor layer (6) is the cross-linked polyolefin that is mixed with conductive filler.
5, according to high pressure, the ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable of claim 1,2 or 4 described band non-linear shielding layers, the material that it is characterized in that metallic sheath (8) is lead or aluminium.
6, the high pressure of band non-linear shielding layer according to claim 5, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable, the material that it is characterized in that anticorrosive coat (9) is cable pitch or melten gel.
7, according to high pressure, the ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable of claim 1,2,4 or 6 described band non-linear shielding layers, the material that it is characterized in that non metallic sheath (10) is polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride.
8, the high pressure of band non-linear shielding layer according to claim 7, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable is characterized in that conductive coating (11) adopts the electric conducting material that can evenly firmly paste with nonmetal oversheath (10).
9,, it is characterized in that the material of interior non-linear shielding layer (3) and outer non-linear shielding layer (5) is the cross-linked polyolefin that is mixed with two or more mixtures in carborundum, zinc oxide, aluminium oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanates, zirconia titanate, carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, the carbon nano-tube according to high pressure, the ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable of claim 1,2,4,5,6 or 8 described band non-linear shielding layers.
10, the high pressure of band non-linear shielding layer according to claim 9, ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene-insulated power cable, it is characterized in that it also comprises metal screen layer (100) and second resilient coating (77), described metal screen layer (100) is coated on the outside of first resilient coating (7), second resilient coating (77) is coated between metal screen layer (100) and the metallic sheath (8), and metal screen layer (100) and metallic sheath (8) are separated, and the material of second resilient coating (77) is the elasticity expanding material that vertically blocks water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102097951A CN101441906B (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2008-12-25 | High voltage, ultra-high voltage crosslinked polyetylene insulated power cable with non-linear shielding layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102097951A CN101441906B (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2008-12-25 | High voltage, ultra-high voltage crosslinked polyetylene insulated power cable with non-linear shielding layer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101441906A true CN101441906A (en) | 2009-05-27 |
| CN101441906B CN101441906B (en) | 2010-11-17 |
Family
ID=40726290
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102097951A Expired - Fee Related CN101441906B (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2008-12-25 | High voltage, ultra-high voltage crosslinked polyetylene insulated power cable with non-linear shielding layer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101441906B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102789839A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-21 | 安奕极电源系统有限责任公司 | High-power high-frequency cable |
| CN103137264A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-05 | 金杯电工衡阳电缆有限公司 | Environment-friendly medium voltage power supply cable for rail transit |
| CN104112541A (en) * | 2013-08-17 | 2014-10-22 | 赣州三进特种漆包线有限公司 | Manufacturing method for enameled aluminum wire used for solar electric vehicle motor |
| CN105957592A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-21 | 安徽埃克森科技集团有限公司 | Oil-proof cable and preparation method thereof |
| CN106205831A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-07 | 无锡江南电缆有限公司 | A kind of rated voltage 66/110KV copper strip shielding water-resistant power cable |
| CN107871556A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-04-03 | 江苏亨通电力电缆有限公司 | The aerial insulated cable and its manufacturing process of high current-carrying capacity |
| CN109741884A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-10 | 广州南洋电缆有限公司 | A kind of new energy car high-tension cable manufacturing method |
| CN112951492A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 青岛科技大学 | High-voltage cable capable of regulating and controlling breakdown field intensity |
| CN113201181A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-03 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Preparation method of field enhanced nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulating material |
-
2008
- 2008-12-25 CN CN2008102097951A patent/CN101441906B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102789839A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-21 | 安奕极电源系统有限责任公司 | High-power high-frequency cable |
| CN103137264A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-05 | 金杯电工衡阳电缆有限公司 | Environment-friendly medium voltage power supply cable for rail transit |
| CN103137264B (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2016-02-17 | 金杯电工衡阳电缆有限公司 | A kind of track traffic environment-friendly type medium-pressure electricity supply cable |
| CN104112541A (en) * | 2013-08-17 | 2014-10-22 | 赣州三进特种漆包线有限公司 | Manufacturing method for enameled aluminum wire used for solar electric vehicle motor |
| CN105957592A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-21 | 安徽埃克森科技集团有限公司 | Oil-proof cable and preparation method thereof |
| CN105957592B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2017-10-10 | 安徽埃克森科技集团有限公司 | A kind of grease proofing cable and preparation method thereof |
| CN106205831A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-07 | 无锡江南电缆有限公司 | A kind of rated voltage 66/110KV copper strip shielding water-resistant power cable |
| CN107871556A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-04-03 | 江苏亨通电力电缆有限公司 | The aerial insulated cable and its manufacturing process of high current-carrying capacity |
| CN109741884A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-10 | 广州南洋电缆有限公司 | A kind of new energy car high-tension cable manufacturing method |
| CN109741884B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-12-01 | 广州南洋电缆有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-voltage cable in new energy vehicle |
| CN112951492A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 青岛科技大学 | High-voltage cable capable of regulating and controlling breakdown field intensity |
| CN113201181A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-03 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Preparation method of field enhanced nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulating material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101441906B (en) | 2010-11-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101436449B (en) | High voltage, ultra-high voltage power cable capable of suppressing electrical tree generation inside the insulating layer | |
| CN101441906B (en) | High voltage, ultra-high voltage crosslinked polyetylene insulated power cable with non-linear shielding layer | |
| CN104269218A (en) | Water-tree-prevention ultrahigh-voltage cross linked polyethylene insulating power cable | |
| CN202711747U (en) | Inflaming-retarding flexible cable for high-voltage switch cabinet | |
| CN109378136B (en) | Manufacturing method of environment-friendly medium-voltage power cable and cable | |
| CN102492199A (en) | Cable semi-conductive shielding material | |
| CN209000625U (en) | A kind of single environmental protection medium-pressure power cable | |
| CN107039107A (en) | A kind of New-energy electric vehicle charging pile quick charging cable | |
| CN201378468Y (en) | High-voltage and ultra high-voltage cross linked polyethylene insulation electric power cable with nonlinear shielding layer | |
| CN201378469Y (en) | High-voltage and ultra high-voltage cross linked polyethylene insulation electric power cable with nonlinear shielding layer | |
| CN104900304A (en) | Efficient energy-saving high conductivity weather-proof overhead insulated cable and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN207517429U (en) | A kind of water-proof cable | |
| CN102117676A (en) | Fully-closed high-voltage soft bus | |
| CN204991259U (en) | High heat conduction polyvinyl chloride jacketed cable that contains graphite alkene | |
| CN109251392A (en) | A kind of water-tree-resistantmedium medium voltage crosslinked cable | |
| CN104123990A (en) | 6kV-35kV crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cable with aluminum alloy conductors | |
| CN202434258U (en) | Novel high voltage and ultrahigh voltage crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cable | |
| CN203260362U (en) | High-voltage and extra-high voltage flexible direct-current power transmission fiber composite extrusion insulation power cable | |
| CN209149857U (en) | 500kV super-pressure blocks water the termite-proof crosslinked cable of protection against rodents | |
| CN208335799U (en) | A kind of wind proof insulated conductor | |
| CN112017819A (en) | Electrical contact water-blocking type high-voltage power cable | |
| CN205722959U (en) | ± 320kV ultra-high voltage cross-linking polyethylene insulation flexible direct current power cable | |
| CN103198894A (en) | 750KV ultrahigh pressure cross-linked polyethylene insulated power cable | |
| CN204946604U (en) | A kind of energy-efficient height leads anti-extrusion aerial cable | |
| RU211710U1 (en) | Power cable |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20101117 Termination date: 20141225 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |