CN113201181A - Preparation method of field enhanced nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulating material - Google Patents
Preparation method of field enhanced nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113201181A CN113201181A CN202110543515.6A CN202110543515A CN113201181A CN 113201181 A CN113201181 A CN 113201181A CN 202110543515 A CN202110543515 A CN 202110543515A CN 113201181 A CN113201181 A CN 113201181A
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- polyoxyethylene ether
- polyethylene
- allyl polyoxyethylene
- electric field
- conductivity
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000344 non-irritating Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000963 oxybis(methylene) group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920006112 polar polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/04—Antistatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/06—Properties of polyethylene
- C08L2207/066—LDPE (radical process)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a field enhanced nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulating material. Belong to high voltage insulation technical field, the problem that solve is: a method for effectively suppressing electric field distortion in an insulating structure and homogenizing electric field distribution is provided. The working principle of the invention is as follows: a small amount of organic auxiliary agent with hydroxyl and ether bond functional groups, namely allyl polyoxyethylene ether, is added into the polyethylene insulation, so that the field enhanced nonlinear conductivity and polarizability of the composite material can be effectively improved, and the electric field intensity of a high field intensity area is reduced. The organic auxiliary agent used in the invention is used as a chemical raw material, has no toxicity, no irritation, is environment-friendly, is simple and easy to obtain compared with other nonlinear fillers, has low price, has good compatibility with a polyethylene matrix because of being an organic matter, and has excellent electric field homogenizing capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high voltage and insulation, in particular to a preparation method of a field enhanced nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulating material.
Background
In recent years, power equipment is developed to a higher voltage level, and electronic devices are developed to miniaturization and high density, so that the working field intensity of the insulation structure design is continuously improved, the local electric field is easy to distort due to continuous improvement of the working field intensity, the local electric field concentration is caused, and the long-term operation reliability of the equipment and the devices can be reduced. In electronic equipment and electronic devices, the nonuniformity of the insulation electric field of the electronic equipment and the electronic devices is improved along with the increase of the working voltage level, and further development of the electric equipment and the electronic devices is greatly restricted. How to homogenize the electric field intensity distribution, reduce the maximum electric field intensity in a local area and improve the insulation utilization coefficient is a critical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
The existing electric field stress control method comprises geometric stress control, electric stress layer control, impedance stress control and nonlinear stress control.
The geometric stress control is realized by improving an electrode structure and an additional conductive layer, and the installation of a stress cone also belongs to the geometric stress control. With electrodes in the shape of a rogowski, the electric field along the edges of the electrodes can be kept constant. The addition of conductive layers in regions of electrical stress concentration can reduce the overall electric field strength, but the electric field between adjacent layers can increase, so the number of conductive layers is limited by the minimum thickness achievable between two conductive layers and the maximum allowable electric field strength.
The electric stress layer control is to attach insulating material with high dielectric constant to high field intensity area, such as the break of the shielding layer of the cable accessory, to reduce the electric stress at the area. The dielectric constant of the selected electrical stress layer material is required to be far greater than that of insulation and environment, the working principle of the method is that the capacitance value is in direct proportion to the dielectric constant of the dielectric material, and the electrical stress layer is added in the region where electrical stress is concentrated, so that the surface capacitance of the insulation layer can be increased, the potential of the region can be reduced, and the electric field can be homogenized. The main limitation of this technique is that the higher the dielectric constant of the material, the greater the dielectric losses, and the cable accessories must have sufficient heat transfer to prevent local overheating.
Impedance stress control is the control of electric field stress by adding conductive particles, such as carbon black, to the insulating matrix, changing its volume resistance. From the research on the relationship between the voltage distribution and the voltage-controlled tube conductivity, it can be concluded that the impedance of the voltage-controlled tube is either too high or too low to cause insufficient stress control. The conductivity of the pressure control tube can be controlled by the content of the conductive additive (such as carbon black particles) and also related to other parameters of the additive, such as particle size, particle surface treatment, uniform particle dispersion and the like.
Nonlinear stress control is the control of electric field stress through nonlinear materials. The composite material has field conductivity characteristics due to the addition of inorganic particles in the insulating matrix, and the conductivity of the insulating material in a high electric field area is increased, so that the electric field intensity of the area is reduced. The inorganic particles need to be close to each other to form a conductive region, and when the electric field intensity between the inorganic particles is sufficiently high, electrons cross the interface by schottky emission and tunneling, and the composite medium exhibits nonlinearity. Therefore, the particle size, filling grade and distribution of the inorganic particles in the matrix are important factors affecting its properties, and uniform distribution of the inorganic particles in the matrix has not been achieved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation of the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a field enhanced nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulating material, and the preparation method is also organic, so that allyl polyoxyethylene ether has good compatibility with a polyethylene matrix, and the electric conductivity of the composite material can be in gradient distribution by blending the allyl polyoxyethylene ether with polyethylene.
One of the technical points of the invention is that the selected organic auxiliary agent is allyl polyoxyethylene ether which has hydroxyl and ether bond functional groups, and the molecular weight is 1000.
The second technical point of the invention is that after the allyl polyoxyethylene ether is introduced into the polyethylene matrix, the material is endowed with field enhanced nonlinear conductivity characteristics, and the conductivity and the nonlinear coefficient are increased along with the increase of the concentration; according to the boundary condition of the electromagnetic field, the electric field intensity and the conductivity are distributed in inverse proportion under the direct current electric field, and the electric field intensity is reduced along with the increase of the conductivity.
The third technical point of the invention is that allyl polyoxyethylene ether is used as a polar organic polymer, which promotes the ionization of impurities in polyethylene, and is used as a weak electrolyte to be easily dissociated at high temperature and high field, thereby increasing the number of current carriers and further increasing the conductivity of the composite material.
The fourth technical point of the invention is that the allyl polyoxyethylene ether has lubricating effect, so when blending the allyl polyoxyethylene ether and the polyethylene, a small amount of the allyl polyoxyethylene ether and the polyethylene should be added for many times.
The fifth technical point of the invention is that the filling concentration of the allyl polyoxyethylene ether in the polymer insulation is limited to be below 2 percent so as to prevent the polyethylene insulation structure from generating heat to influence the dielectric strength due to too high overall conductance.
The invention has the advantages that: 1) the polymer is also organic, the allyl polyoxyethylene ether has good compatibility with a polymer matrix, and the polymer comprises a polyolefin plastic insulation system, a rubber insulation system and an epoxy resin insulation system. (ii) a 2) The allyl polyoxyethylene ether is used as a chemical raw material, is nontoxic, nonirritating, environment-friendly, simple and easily available compared with other nonlinear fillers, low in price, easy to realize industrial production and high in engineering practical value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the results of conductivity measurements of nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulation materials with different amounts of allylpolyoxyethylene ether added.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Examples
1. The organic auxiliary agent selected in the invention is a polar polymer, is allyl polyoxyethylene ether with hydroxyl and ether bond functional groups, has a molecular formula of (C2H4O) nC3H6O, and has a molecular weight of 1000.
2. Mixing allyl polyoxyethylene ether with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) according to the mass fractions of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% in a close mixing mill at 120 ℃ to obtain an unshaped sample, taking out and cooling the unshaped sample, weighing a proper amount of sample according to the size of a mold, placing the sample in a flat vulcanizing machine, heating to 120 ℃, increasing the pressure step by step at the temperature according to 0MPa, 5MPa, 10MPa and 15MPa, keeping the sample for 5min each time of pressurization, and finally placing the sample in a flat water cooling machine for pressurization and cooling to room temperature to obtain the uncrosslinked sheet polyethylene insulation sample required by the experiment.
3. And (3) carrying out vacuum coating on the flaky sample in the step (2), putting the sample into a coating chamber, vacuumizing, heating the aluminum particles by an evaporation power supply to evaporate the aluminum particles to convert the aluminum particles into aluminum vapor, diffusing the aluminum vapor upwards in a certain vacuum environment, and finally attaching the aluminum vapor to the surface of the sample to form an aluminum electrode.
4. And (3) putting the prepared sample into a three-electrode testing system, and measuring the direct-current conductivity of the composite material at room temperature. The electrodes used in the experiments were made of stainless steel. The test voltage is increased from 1kV, the voltage is increased by 1kV one by one, until 10kV is added, and after the voltage is added each time, the reading is started after waiting for 20 minutes. To reduce occasional errors, 4 specimens were prepared for each sample and tested simultaneously, with the final results averaged over 4 specimens. The conductivity of the composite materials prepared by adding different mass fractions of allyl polyoxyethylene ether in LDPE along with the change of the electric field intensity is shown in figure 1.
The conductivity of a pure polyethylene sample is approximate to an oblique line under a log-log coordinate along with the change of field intensity, the nonlinear characteristic is not shown, the composite materials added with the allyl polyoxyethylene ethers with different mass fractions all show the nonlinear characteristic, and when an electric field reaches a certain threshold value, the conductivity is sharply increased compared with the previous conductivity. With the increase of the addition amount of the allyl polyoxyethylene ether, the nonlinear coefficient of the sample increases, and the threshold field strength decreases.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present patent and do not limit the scope of the patent, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to the parts thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the patent.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a field enhanced nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulating material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the organic assistant is allyl polyoxyethylene ether with hydroxyl and ether bond functional group, and has molecular weight of 1000.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: after the allyl polyoxyethylene ether is introduced into a polyethylene matrix, the material is endowed with field enhanced nonlinear conductivity, and the conductivity and the nonlinear coefficient are increased along with the increase of the concentration; according to the boundary condition of the electromagnetic field, the electric field intensity and the conductivity are distributed in inverse proportion under the direct current electric field, and the electric field intensity is reduced along with the increase of the conductivity.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the allyl polyoxyethylene ether is used as a polar organic polymer, so that the ionization of impurities in polyethylene is promoted, and the allyl polyoxyethylene ether is used as a weak electrolyte and is easy to dissociate under a high-temperature high-field condition, so that the number of current carriers is increased, and the conductivity of the composite material is improved.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the allyl polyoxyethylene ether has lubricating effect, so when the allyl polyoxyethylene ether is blended with polyethylene, a small amount of the allyl polyoxyethylene ether and the polyethylene are added for many times.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the filling concentration of the allyl polyoxyethylene ether in the polyethylene insulation is limited to be below 2 percent so as to prevent the polyethylene insulation structure from generating heat to influence the dielectric strength due to too high overall electric conductivity.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the polymer is also organic, the allyl polyoxyethylene ether has good compatibility with a polymer matrix, and the polymer comprises a polyolefin plastic insulation system, a rubber insulation system and an epoxy resin insulation system.
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| CN202110543515.6A CN113201181A (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Preparation method of field enhanced nonlinear conductive polyethylene composite insulating material |
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Application publication date: 20210803 |