CN101435829A - Detonation velocity photoelectric test method and apparatus of detonating cord - Google Patents
Detonation velocity photoelectric test method and apparatus of detonating cord Download PDFInfo
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- CN101435829A CN101435829A CNA2008100800779A CN200810080077A CN101435829A CN 101435829 A CN101435829 A CN 101435829A CN A2008100800779 A CNA2008100800779 A CN A2008100800779A CN 200810080077 A CN200810080077 A CN 200810080077A CN 101435829 A CN101435829 A CN 101435829A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photoelectric testing method for the detonating speed of a detonating fuse and a device thereof. The device is characterized in that the device at least comprises two multimode fibre probes inserted into the detonating fuse in certain distance, a fibre coupling connector, a PIN integrated photoelectric detector, a power supply, an FPGA high-speed data acquisition module and a liquid crystal display screen; the PIN integrated photoelectric detector is used to carry out time sharing processing on the temporal fore-and-aft relation of optical signals acquired by the probes in time; optical signals of a plurality of probes are converted into pulse electric signals and are transported to the FPGA high-speed data acquisition module; the input pulse electric signals are subjected to sampling, calculation processing, control and caching; the distance of each two probes of the plurality of the probes and the measured time are subjected to calculation processing to seek an average speed; the detonating speed and relevant data of the detonating fuse are transmitted to the liquid crystal display screen and are displayed; and the photoelectric testing method has the advantages of high testing precision, strong antijamming capacity, small volume, simple operation and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mechano-electronic field, relate generally to primacord fuse explosion velocity measuring technology, specifically a kind of primacord fuse explosion velocity photoelectric test method and device based on the multimode optical fiber probe.
Background technology
Primacord fuse is to be the medicine core with the explosive, damp proof compound is coated in the surface and makes, and claims primacord again, is the industrial priming system that transmits detonation wave with certain explosion velocity, is reliable non-electric initiation equipment, is suitable for the operation of detonating.When the blast impulse that is subjected to certain intensity when the explosive core of primacord fuse end can stimulate, promptly be detonated, detonation is propagated along the medicine core with certain speed, and when arriving when terminal, detonation finishes, and exports the shock wave of certain intensity, in order to ignite other explosive.The speed that primacord fuse explosion time detonation wave is propagated is called explosion velocity, and average explosion velocity is greater than 6500m/s.In all detonation parameters, the explosion velocity of primacord fuse is most important parameter, because charging condition one regularly, the size of explosion velocity of explosive can reflect the size of explosive energy basically; Explosive depends primarily on its explosion velocity to the grindability of surrounding medium; Known the explosion velocity of explosive, made other parameter that to obtain detonation wave.Because all needing to carry out explosion velocity, the singularity of product, every batch primacord fuse measures.
At present, the assay method of primacord fuse explosion velocity has wire probe method and photoelectric method etc.The ultimate principle of wire probe method is directly to write down detonation wave through the known time interval of distance at 2 with electrochronograph, according to this time interval, calculates the average explosion velocity of point-to-point transmission.Electrochronograph one ship is made up of unit such as door control unit, markers inspection unit, counter unit, demonstration gating unit and power conversions.Have single pass also have multichannel.Generally selecting measuring accuracy for use is 0.1 μ s crystal oscillator, satisfies required reference time measurement substantially, but precision is difficult to guarantee.Wire probe can be made with two strands of enameled wire of 0.1-0.3mm together.Select 2 points during test on primacord fuse, each inserts a pair of probe, begins to disconnect, when the detonation wave that produces when explosive charge arrives successively at these 2.Because the effect of the detonation product of High Temperature High Pressure makes this a pair of probe conducting, produce electric signal, after shaping, handling, divided by the time, can obtain speed according to the formula distance.Domestic existing multiple model is based on the detonation velocity meter of this principle.As ZB-601 type intelligence detonation velocity meter, BSZ 1 type intelligence single hop detonation velocity meter, KG8601 type detonation velocity meter, five sections detonation velocity meters of BSW 3 intelligence etc.Direct current that this type of appliance requires is higher or Alternating Current Power Supply, volume is bigger, Heavy Weight; In addition because explosion velocity is very fast, generally all greater than 6500m/s, the electric pulse that blast produces is less than 0.1 μ s, and the transmission cable of field test is all long, the distributed capacitance of cable, inductance etc. are big more to the pulse electrical signal waveform attenuating influence of transmission, greatly influence the precision of test result.In addition, the field test site environment is abominable, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) is serious, causes maloperation easily, is badly in need of improving.
The fast development of various photoelectric devices provides new technological means for parameter testing under the various rugged surroundings.Because the anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) of photoelectric test method is strong, light weight, speed is fast, and dependable performance is subjected to increasing professional person's favor.Increased the description of the primacord fuse explosion velocity being tested with photoelectric detection method among the up-to-date testing standard BS EN13630-11:2002 of primacord fuse as Britain's 2002 promulgations.Domestic primacord fuse testing standard GB/T13228-91 also points out and can photoelectric detecting method be tested by the primacord fuse explosion velocity.
Chinese patent publication number: CN2123753U discloses a kind of chronometry explosion velocity of explosive detector, proposes the flash spotting with optical fiber, but signal processing circuit four road parallel circuits, components and parts adopt discrete device, and reliability is low, and volume is bigger.From publishing document, all carry out the report that explosion velocity is measured both at home and abroad relevant for sonde method, also useful optical fiber carries out the explosion velocity testing research, but its structure more complicated all only is suitable under lab using.As: be published in " priming system " last " optical fiber application in combustion speed and explosion velocity test " literary composition the combustion explosion velocity fast and priming system that optical fiber is used for pyrotechnic composition is studied in 2000, owing to be subjected to the influence of signal amplitude and photodetector sensitivity, need in the method electric signal is amplified, system adopts many parallel way more complicated, and display device adopts storage oscilloscope, be laboratory equipment fully, open-air reliable the use taken in inconvenience, more can't industrialization.Calendar year 2001 is published in " aircraft observing and controlling journal " and goes up and to have reported in " Fibre Optical Sensor and the application in conventional weapons test thereof " that state's overall diameter is to beat a plurality of 0.2mm hole on the organic glass optical fiber of 1mm to carry out the explosion velocity test contents, its optical fiber probe processing technology more complicated, and whole probe will be deep in the explosive column, primacord fuse field test for strip acquires a certain degree of difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the shortcoming and defect at above-mentioned various prior aries, propose a kind of measuring accuracy height, antijamming capability is strong, and volume is little, and is simple to operate, and applied range is based on the portable primacord fuse photoelectricity explosion velocity method of testing and the device of optical fiber probe.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Primacord fuse explosion velocity photoelectric test method, adopt probe to be inserted on the primacord fuse at a certain distance, it is characterized in that: described probe is the multimode optical fiber probe, adopt N root multimode fiber probe, N 〉=2 wherein, the N root multimode fiber is connected in many optical fiber coupled connector, and the light signal of N root multimode fiber is coupled in the output optical fibre, both many optical fiber coupled connector had N input port to be connected with the N root multimode fiber, have only an output port to be connected with the input end of a PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors, photodetector produces the light signal that is produced with the primacord fuse blast, collect successively by N multimode optical fiber probe, and be transferred to many optical fiber coupled connector by total reflection at the multimode optical fiber in-core, the light signal of being gathered by N multimode optical fiber probe all has context in time, use a PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors to carry out time-division processing, and change the light signal of N multimode optical fiber probe into pulse electrical signal and be transported to the FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module; The FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module to the input pulse electric signal sample, computing, control, buffer memory, and with N multimode optical fiber probe, the distance of per two multimode optical fiber probes, institute handle and try to achieve average velocity the survey time as calculated, the FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module is transferred to relevant datas such as primacord fuse explosion velocity on the LCDs, and is shown.
Primacord fuse explosion velocity opto-electronic testing apparatus comprises probe, it is characterized in that: also comprise many optical fiber coupled connector 3, PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors 4, power supply 5, FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module 6 and a LCDs 7; Described probe is a multimode optical fiber, and have two root multimode fiber probe 2a at least, 2b, described multimode optical fiber probe is inserted on the primacord fuse at a certain distance, described multimode optical fiber probe connects optical fiber coupled connector more than, many optical fiber coupled connector is connected to the input end of a PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors by magnetic tape trailer optical fiber, the output terminal of PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors 4 is connected to the input interface of FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module by cable, and the input end of PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors connects LCDs by cable; Described power supply is a rechargeable battery, and power supply is given PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors, FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module and LCDs power supply.
The present invention compared with prior art, use a photodetector just can carry out collecting test to the signal of multi-channel optical fibre, this be the wire probe method the characteristics that can not have, also has the measuring accuracy height, antijamming capability is strong, volume is little, and is in light weight, simple to operate, advantages such as applied range, can be to various primacord fuse explosion velocities such as plastic detonating cord, oil well is led quick-fried institute, and Nonel is tested, also can test various explosion velocity of explosive, can be widely used in various civilian, industrial explosions field, have promotional value, have a extensive future.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of primacord fuse explosion velocity opto-electronic testing apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 passes the light schematic diagram for optical fiber;
Fig. 3 is many optical fiber coupled connector;
Fig. 4 is FPGA place process flow diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, primacord fuse explosion velocity opto-electronic testing apparatus of the present invention, comprise that two (N) root is with the multimode optical fiber probe of multimode optical fiber made (N 〉=2, the exemplary of this explanation are be example with two multimode optical fiber probe 2a, 2b), many optical fiber coupled connector 3, PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors 4, power supply 5, FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module 6 and LCDs 7.Described multimode optical fiber probe 2a, 2b are inserted on the primacord fuse 1 at a certain distance, the individual multimode optical fiber probe of described two (N) is connected optical fiber coupled connector more than simultaneously, many optical fiber coupled connector is connected to the input end of PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors by magnetic tape trailer optical fiber, the output terminal of PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors is connected to the input interface of FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module by cable, and the input end of PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors connects LCDs by cable.Described power supply is a rechargeable battery, and power supply is given PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors, FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module and LCDs power supply, but continuous working 72 hours.
The principle of work of portable fiber-optic primacord fuse explosion velocity proving installation of the present invention:
1, at first the multimode optical fiber probe is installed on the primacord fuse 1, described multimode optical fiber probe 2a, 2b are inserted on the primacord fuse at a certain distance.When practical operation, earlier with diameter be the draw point of 0.1mm on primacord fuse 1 apart one meter place respectively prick an aperture; Again multimode optical fiber 2a, 2b head are cut off with the optical fiber pincers, be inserted into after handling well tie in the primacord fuse the hole in, drip a small amount of 502 glue at last in the aperture place, fixed.The other end is connected on the back instrument panel of proving installation.
2, after portable fiber-optic primacord fuse explosion velocity proving installation powers on, start primacord fuse, the primacord fuse blast produces the light signal that is produced, and collects successively by each multimode optical fiber probe, and is transferred to many optical fiber coupled connector at the multimode optical fiber in-core by total reflection; Since two light signals being gathered of each multimode optical fiber probe in time have a context, use a PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors can timesharing to survey, change the light signal of each multimode optical fiber probe into pulse electrical signal and be transported to FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module (crystal oscillator frequency of FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module is 100MHz);
3, the FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module is to the sampling of input pulse electric signal, computing, control, buffer memory, and the distance of multimode optical fiber probe, sampling time, the relevant datas such as primacord fuse explosion velocity surveying and handle as calculated be transferred on the LCDs, and shown.
Configuration, function and the effect of various piece are described below respectively in the portable fiber-optic primacord fuse explosion velocity proving installation of the present invention:
1, primacord fuse 1 is to be the medicine core with the secondary explosive, damp proof compound is coated in the surface and makes, and claims primacord again, is the industrial priming system that transmits detonation wave with certain explosion velocity, is reliable non-electric initiation equipment, is suitable for the operation of detonating.Fast, the quick-fried temperature of common primacord fuse explosion time detonation rate is high, is applicable to general open-air and blasting operation places such as no biogas, coal dust explosion hazard.Then can be used for special blasting operation under the coal mine through the coal mining type primacord fuse of particular design.Be usually used in a plurality of powder charges of detonating simultaneously, in mining, oil-field development, cutting tunnel, explosion field widespread use such as build the road, build water conservancy projects.
2, multimode optical fiber probe 2a, 2b constitute fibre core and covering by the polystyrene of the different refractivity of highly transparent or polymethylmethacrylate to draw and form.Its effect is the high light signal collection of blast generation and is transferred to the PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors.When passing the light principle of work and being based in light incides high index of refraction by the medium of low-refraction the medium because total reflection phenomenon takes place along the inside of optical fibre long-distance transmissions, as shown in Figure 2.
Its feature is cheap for manufacturing cost, and is in light weight, and antijamming capability is strong, electromagnetic-radiation-free, and good confidentiality does not have delay.Its joint is simple and reliable, long service life.Thick, flexible good, the easy installation of multimode optical fiber fibre core, flexible, easy connection must the professional just can connect unlike silica fibre.Multimode optical fiber is easy to processing and is connected, and the instrument that connects usefulness is simpler, and common people are familiar with will having used a little.The coupling mechanism that connects usefulness is also very cheap, can buy on the open market.In addition, multimode optical fiber itself is very light, and is flexible good, is easy to install, and do not need the complex installation Processes and apparatus.The own cost of device that matches with multimode optical fiber and multimode optical fiber is all than silica fibre and support device considerably cheaper.
3, many optical fiber coupled connector 3 is that light is coupled to an element the optical fiber from a plurality of optical fiber, belongs to the light passive element.The production method of optical fiber coupled connector then has three kinds of micro-optic formulas, sintering, light wave conduction, occupies the majority and produce with the sintered type method.Sintering process is after the coat with 2 or multifiber removes, twist into twisted shape, just stretch in the following heating of heating and melting state then, make multifiber melt to the middle thin both sides of a formation thick bipyramid shape device to both sides, block from the centre again, form the optical fibre device of taper.Its principle of work is: at the butt end of taper, along with optical fiber is tapered, originally the light of propagating in the optical fiber core diameter enters into the covering of fusion and propagates forward.Conical region in the centre forms an optical fiber together owing to be molten to, and the light of arbitrary input optical fibre can be propagated to be coupled to and let alone its optical fiber, and coupling has promptly taken place, and realizes the coupling of multipath light signal.
The simplest implementation of the present invention adopts 2 * 1 optical fiber coupled connector, and shown among Fig. 13, an end has two ports, and the other end has a port.One end of two ports is connected with two optical fiber respectively, and the other end is connected with PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors.Fig. 3 provides many inputs, the coupling mechanism of an output.Common copper wire sonde method, all be to adopt two-way or parallel transmission line and the signal processing circuit of multichannel, after adopting many optical fiber coupled connector, a plurality of parallel transmission circuits and PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors have been reduced, improved reliability, reduced disturbing factor, measured very favourable the multiple spot continuous detonation velocity.
4, PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors are the core components among the present invention.Its end has the standard plug wire jumper, and very convenient and common multimode optical fiber is connected, and the other end is directly coupled on the photosensitive receiving plane of photodetector.
The PIN integrated photodetector is integrated high input impedance amplifying circuit has high sensitivity.General photoelectric instrument, one or more levels amplifying circuits that separate that adopt have often brought extra noise more, directly influence test result.
Solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors is a kind of novel high speed photoelectric device.Employing face battle array is arranged, and the APD avalanche diode of snowslide mode of operation is made.Each unit is equivalent to a little APD photosensitive unit, adopts unique trench technique that the quick unit of these low-lights is carried out isolation, then all little APD unit output is together in parallel, and output signal has reflected the response signal of all APD photosensitive units.This product architecture design, not only have functional characteristics such as traditional photomultiplier is highly sensitive, speed is fast, also have following characteristics simultaneously: operating voltage is low, insensitive to magnetic field, solid state device, structure are tightly short, and size is little, be fit to multiple environment and use, be very easy to be coupled with scintillator, optical fiber etc.
Two kinds of detectors all can adopt coupling technique that photosurface is connected with optical fiber, have reduced loss of optical signal, have dwindled the whole volume of instrument.
How field work works by day, adopts the detector of peak wavelength at 840nm, has eliminated the interference of visible light.
5, rechargeable battery powered is the essential part of device.The environment-friendly battery of large-scale popularization use has metal hydride nickel storage battery, lithium-ions battery at present.
6, the microprocessor of data acquisition system (DAS) adopts on-site programmable gate array FPGA.FPGA further grows up on the basis of programming devices such as PAL, GAL, EPLD.FPGA clock frequency height, internal delay time is little, and travelling speed is fast, and all steering logic is finished by hardware.The control of itself centralized procurement sample, processing, buffer memory, transmission control, be in communication in the chip, programmed configurations is flexible, the construction cycle is short, system is simple, has that high integration, volume are little, advantages such as low-power consumption, I/O port are many, in-system programming.Because the programmable and implementation of FPGA is changed etc. easily, thus can reduce system development costs greatly and shorten the construction cycle, and be easy to the integrated of the system that realizes.
FPGA collects the FPGA processor to the output signal of PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors by the AD transducer, handles the back on liquid crystal display.It is 8 A/D converters that AD company produces that the AD chip adopts AD9481, is applicable to the occasion of high-speed low-power-consumption, and high operation speed is 250 MSPS, has good linear characteristic and dynamic property.Adopt single power supply 3.3V power supply, the power consumption when 250MSPS works is 439mW.
FPGA selects the ACIX family device of altera corp for use, and it is strong that the FPGA of altera corp has the wiring ability, postpones advantages such as measurable, is suitable for finishing all kinds of algorithms and combinational logic.And ACIX family device cost performance height, propagation delay is little, and logical resource is abundant, and circuit design is simple etc., and characteristics make it be especially suitable for use as logic control circuit control, can satisfy the requirement of system fully.
As shown in Figure 4.FPGA handling procedure process flow diagram is:
Start-System self-test-system initialization input S-image data-computing time T-speed calculation V=S/T-storage-printing-end.
Wherein: S represents the distance (rice) of probe 2a and probe 2b, and T express time (second), V are represented speed (meter per second).
Crystal oscillator is chosen 100MHz, and accuracy of timekeeping reaches 0.01 μ s, is better than 0.1 μ s among the primacord fuse testing standard GB/T13228-91.Inscribe the survey appearance in the standard error is not more than 2%, relative error is not more than 1% during survey.Get between two test points distance and be 50mm, the average explosion velocity of primacord fuse is 6500m/s.Then the T.T. between 2 is 7.691 μ s.The accuracy of timekeeping of general probe is 10MHz, i.e. 0.1 μ s, 0.1/7.69 so〉1%, accuracy of timekeeping does not reach requirement, and to the 100MHz crystal oscillator, accuracy of timekeeping reaches 0.01 μ s, and 0.01/7.69＜1%, accuracy of timekeeping is far above standard-required.
7, the input display module adopts touch-screen.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of primacord fuse explosion velocity photoelectric test method, adopt probe to be inserted on the primacord fuse at a certain distance, it is characterized in that: described probe is the multimode optical fiber probe, adopt N root multimode fiber probe, N 〉=2 wherein, N root multimode fiber output terminal is connected in many optical fiber coupled connector, the light signal of N root multimode fiber is coupled in the output optical fibre, be that many optical fiber coupled connector has N input port, be connected with the N root multimode fiber, have only an output port to be connected with the input end of a PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors, photodetector produces the light signal that is produced with the primacord fuse blast, gather successively by N multimode optical fiber probe, and be transferred to many optical fiber coupled connector by total reflection at the multimode optical fiber in-core, because the light signal of probe collection all has context in time, use a photodetector to carry out timesharing and survey, and change the light signal of N multimode optical fiber probe into pulse electrical signal and be transported to the FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module; The FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module to the input pulse electric signal sample, computing, control, buffer memory, handle and try to achieve primacord fuse blast average velocity or multiple spot speed as calculated according to the distance of multimode optical fiber probe, the corresponding time of surveying, the FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module is transferred to relevant datas such as primacord fuse explosion velocity on the LCDs, and is shown.
2, a kind of primacord fuse explosion velocity opto-electronic testing apparatus, comprise probe, it is characterized in that: also comprise many optical fiber coupled connector (3), a PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors (4), power supply (5), FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module (6) and LCDs (7); Described probe is a multimode optical fiber, and have two root multimode fiber probes (2a) at least, (2b), described multimode optical fiber probe is inserted on the primacord fuse (1) at a certain distance, described multimode optical fiber probe connects optical fiber coupled connector more than, many optical fiber coupled connector is connected to the input end of PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors by magnetic tape trailer optical fiber, the output terminal of PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors is connected to the input interface of FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module by cable, and the input end of PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors connects LCDs by cable; Described power supply is given PIN integrated photodetector or solid-state photomultiplier tube detectors, FPGA high-Speed Data-Acquisition Module and LCDs power supply.
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