CN101433801B - Pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method and apparatus - Google Patents

Pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method and apparatus Download PDF

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CN101433801B
CN101433801B CN2008102354448A CN200810235444A CN101433801B CN 101433801 B CN101433801 B CN 101433801B CN 2008102354448 A CN2008102354448 A CN 2008102354448A CN 200810235444 A CN200810235444 A CN 200810235444A CN 101433801 B CN101433801 B CN 101433801B
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flue gas
discharge electrode
electric field
discharge
flue
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CN101433801A (en
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吴春笃
依成武
储金宇
欧红香
陈志刚
汪松美
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a pulsed electric field dry type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method and a device, which belong to the technical field of environmental engineering. In the method, Ca(OH)2 is used as a desulphurizer, is sprayed into a flue gas conveying pipe (in front of the second level dust collector) behind the first level dust collector at a high speed in a spraying unit and is mixed with the flue gas containing SO2; under the action of a high pressure pulsed electric field applied in the flue gas conveying pipe, the Ca(OH)2 reacts with the SO2 in the flue gas to generate CaSO3 and small amount of CaSO4 particulate matters; and then the CaSO3 and the CaSO4 particulate matters are removed by the second level dust collector so as to achieve the aim of removing the SO2 from the flue gas. The pulsed electric field dry type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization system in the conveying pipe is helpful to clean out superfine dust (PM10, the grain size is less than or equal to 10mu m). The high pressure pulsed electric field applied in the flue gas conveying pipe plays a role of predischarging the superfine dust and is advantageous for the purification through the second level electrostatic dust collector, thus the dust purifying efficiency is improved.

Description

A kind of pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method and device
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of environment engineering technology, refer in particular to a kind of in conveyance conduit pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method and device.
Background technology
Contain a large amount of SO in the smoke evacuation of Industrial Boilers such as coal-burning power plant 2, not only pollutant atmosphere can form acid rain, the heavy damage ecological environment simultaneously.So, remove the SO in the flue gas 2, solve pollution and acid rain problem to atmospheric environment, caused worldwide concern and attention, become global one of the environmental problem of solution of needing badly.
Flue gas desulfurization technique (FGD) has been done number of research projects both at home and abroad, different according to desulfurizing agent type and end product dry and wet state are pressed process characteristic, and fume desulphurization method has wet method, semidry method and dry method usually.Wet process of FGD technology desulfurization degree height, technology maturation, most widely used, but cost of investment and operating cost are higher.Along with China's rapid economy development, the environmental protection situation of China is more and more serious, exploitation efficiently, the dry type flue gas takes off technology cheaply, research and development have independent intellectual property right efficiently, the dry type flue gas desulfurizing technology seems and shoulders heavy responsibilities cheaply.
Charged dry sorbent injection desulfur technology (CDSI), investment is low, occupation of land is few owing to have, and is applicable to old means of flue gas desulfurization of power plant transformation; Technology is simple, easy to operate, be easy to production domesticization, is convenient at home that power plant is applied and characteristics such as maintenance management were subjected to people's attention in recent years.The CDSI method is a kind of dry type flue gas desulfurizing method of the nineties in 20th century by U.S. Alanco Environmental Resources Corp. (Alanco Environmental Resources Corporation) exploitation.Its desulfurization principle is Ca (OH) 2As desulfurizing agent, in injection unit with at a high speed by behind the HVDC corona charging area, enter again that (before the secondary ash collector) mixes with flue gas in the smoke conveying duct behind the primary dust removing device, make Ca (OH) 2With the SO in the flue gas 2Reaction generates CaSO 3And a small amount of CaSO 4Particulate matter is removed by the two-stage dust removal equipment at rear portion then.Desulfurizing agent forms electrostatic charge after through HVDC corona charging area in its surface, because like charges repels mutually, makes that sorbent particle is very fast to spread in flue gas, forms uniform suspended state, thereby increases and SO 2The chance of reaction.Because the discharge electric field effect can strengthen its activity, shorten the reaction required holdup time (being generally about 2s), thereby effectively improved desulfuration efficiency in addition.This system has entered at the beginning of 1994 since the Chinese market, is administering power plant SO 2The aspect has obtained certain effect.But the shortcoming that this method exists is that the electronics average energy that adopts dc corona discharge to produce is lower, is generally about 1.5eV, make the energy of desulfurizing agent acquisition lower, so desulfurization degree is low, only is 60%-70%, can't satisfy higher concentration SO 2The needs that remove.In addition, the needed Ca/S of desulfurization is 1.5 than higher, has the problem of sorbent utilization deficiency, has increased the operating cost of desulphurization plant.In order to solve the problem of existence, Chen Zhi in 2006 just and people such as savings space on the basis of CDSI method, with the alternative dc corona discharge of positive polarity burst pulse corona discharge.When the Ca/S ratio is 1.5, the time of staying is when being 2.8s, SO 2Removal efficiency reaches 80%.Though this method has improved SO 2Removal efficiency, but effectively do not reduce the Ca/S ratio and the time of staying, still exist sorbent utilization low, the problem that operating cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The desulfurization degree that the objective of the invention is for solving charged dry sorbent injection desulfur technology (CDSI) existence is lower, Ca/S is than higher, the problem that sorbent utilization deficiency and operating cost are high provides pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method in conveyance conduit.This sulfur method combines the characteristics of CDSI method, developed pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization system in conveyance conduit, can directly utilize original flue facility to carry out technological improvement, need not carry out big factory building, equipment input again, industrial applicibility is strong, is particularly suitable for the flue gas desulfurization technique transformation of medium and small (power plant) enterprise.Owing in the boiler smoke conveyance conduit, apply high-pressure pulse electric, when improving desulfurizer activity, also activated flue gas and SO 2, make SO 2Be in excitation state.Therefore, effectively improved desulfurization degree (more than 80%), reduced Ca/S, thereby solved sorbent utilization deficiency and the high problem of operating cost than (being about 1.2~1.3).
Pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method is a kind of new process for fume desulfurization in conveyance conduit, and this method is to the improvement of charged dry desulfurizer injection desulfurization system (CDSI) and perfect.The main improvement is, change into and in smoke conveying duct, apply high-pressure pulse electric being applied to the high-voltage dc that sprays in the feed unit among the CDSI, 3 needle electrodes promptly are installed as discharge electrode in pipeline, as earthing pole, are formed the high pressure pulse discharge electric field with flue.This system comprises the primary dust removing device, sprays feed unit, smoke conveying duct mesohigh pulsed discharge unit, two-stage electrostatic precipitator and detection system.
In the said apparatus, the distance between discharge electrode 1 and discharge electrode 2 and discharge electrode 2 and the discharge electrode 3 is 150~300mm.
In the said apparatus, each discharge electrode is respectively 10~30mm along the smoke conveying duct axial length.
In the said apparatus, the diameter of each discharge electrode is 0.5~3mm.
In the said apparatus, discharge electrode is parallel with the flue as earthing pole, and on the flue axis.
In the said apparatus, the power supply of discharge electrode adopts the high voltage pulse discharge plasma power supply, and power output is 2kW, and it is 5~25kV that discharge electrode applies voltage, and frequency of supply is 2.0kHz~20kHz.
Its desulfurization principle is Ca (OH) 2As desulfurizing agent, in injection unit to spray at a high speed in the smoke conveying duct behind the primary dust removing device (before the secondary ash collector) and to contain SO 2Flue gas mixes, and by being applied to smoke conveying duct mesohigh impulse electric field, makes Ca (OH) again 2With the SO in the flue gas 2Reaction generates CaSO 3And a small amount of CaSO 4Particulate matter is removed by the two-stage dust removal equipment at rear portion then, sloughs SO in the flue gas thereby reach 2Purpose.Its reaction equation is as follows:
SO 2+Ca(OH) 2→CaSO 4·0.5H 2O+0.5H 2O
Owing to also contain a spot of oxygen and moisture in the flue gas, therefore also following reaction may take place:
2CaSO 3·0.5H 2O+O 2+3H 2O→2CaSO 4·2H 2O
Desulfurizing agent is through forming electrostatic charge in its surface behind the high-pressure pulse electric, because like charges repels mutually, makes that sorbent particle is very fast to spread in flue gas, forms uniform suspended state, thereby increases and SO 2The chance of reaction.Adopt the nonequilibrium plasma that produces behind the high-pressure pulse electric gas discharge with the H in the flue gas 2O, O 2Equimolecular activates, cracking, produce a large amount of active particles, open HO-H and O-O are strong, make it to become free radical or activation particle, these free radicals or activation particle are handled the desulfurizing agent particle with high energy electron, can cause the fracture of surface of solids molecular chemistry key, improve the chemical reactivity of particle.Simultaneously, under the effect of plasma, make SO 2Gas molecule is in excitation state, can effectively reduce the holdup time required with the desulfurizing agent complete reaction, generally about 1.5s, can finish the SC slow curing reaction, can effectively reduce the length of the required pipeline of course of reaction, and floor space and space, make the installation of equipment and actual motion become simple.
In addition, the pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization system also helps to remove ultra tiny dust (PM in conveyance conduit 10, particle diameter≤10 μ m).Owing in smoke conveying duct, apply high-pressure pulse electric, play pre-charged effect for ultra tiny dust, help the purification of two-stage electrostatic precipitator, improved the purification efficiency of dust.
Service condition of the present invention:
Flue gas is the time of staying in pipeline: 〉=1.6s;
Temperature range: room temperature~200 ℃;
Calcium sulfur ratio: 1.2~1.3;
Flue gas wind speed: 〉=14m/s;
Desulfurizing agent granularity:<50 μ m;
High-pressure pulse electric intensity: 5kV~20kV.
3, beneficial effect
(1) adopts the high pressure pulse discharge plasma technique that desulfurizing agent is carried out activation processing, have novelty.
Traditional charged dry desulfurizer injection desulfurization system (CDSI) mainly adopts the method for HVDC corona discharge, makes charged its activity that improves in desulfurizing agent surface.Since in the plasma that high-voltage pulse produces the average energy of electronics up to 3eV more than, can produce a large amount of OH, HO 2, O ( 1D) isoreactivity particle makes desulfurizing agent be able to fully charged, activation, improves the activity of desulfurizing agent greatly.Improved the utilization rate of desulfurizing agent on the one hand, reduced Ca/S, operating cost is reduced significantly than (being about 1.2~1.3); On the other hand because the raising of the activity of desulfurizing agent can obtain higher smoke desulfurization efficiency (more than 80%).
(2) can directly utilize original flue facility to carry out technological improvement, need not carry out big factory building, equipment input again, industrial applicibility is strong, is particularly suitable for the flue gas desulfurization technique transformation of medium and small (power plant) enterprise.
Desulfurizing agent after using plasma is handled because of the increase of its activity, can effectively reduce same SO 2The holdup time that complete reaction is required, generally about 1.5 seconds, can finish the SC slow curing reaction, can effectively reduce the length of the required pipeline of course of reaction, and floor space and space, make the installation of equipment and actual motion become simple.
(3) energy consumption is low.Every processing 1m 3SO in the flue gas 2Consumed power 0.13Wh only.Energy consumption is significantly less than other plasma fume desulfurizing methods, has stronger actual application value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is its technological process of pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization system in conveyance conduit.
The pulse electric field activated unit structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2.
The graph of relation of Fig. 3 Ca/S ratio and desulfuration efficiency.
The graph of relation of Fig. 4 desulfurizing agent granularity and desulfuration efficiency.
The graph of relation of Fig. 5 gas residence time and desulfuration efficiency.
The graph of relation of Fig. 6 discharge voltage and desulfuration efficiency.
The graph of relation of Fig. 7 discharge power and desulfuration efficiency.
Among Fig. 1: 1. primary dust removing device 2. high-pressure pulse electric 3.SO 2 Checkout gear 4. smoke conveying ducts 5. two-stage electrostatic precipitators 6. high-voltage DC power supplies 7. air-introduced machines 8. batchers 9. spray guns 10. air compressor machines 11. high-voltage pulse power sources.
Among Fig. 2: 12. smoke conveying ducts (earthing pole), 13. discharge electrodes, 1 14. discharge electrodes, 2 15. discharge electrodes, 3 16. insulators, 17. high-voltage pulse power sources.
The specific embodiment
Be described in detail specific embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with technical scheme and description of drawings
In conveyance conduit the pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization technological process as shown in Figure 1, desulfurizing agent Ca (OH) 2In spraying feed unit with (before the secondary ash collector 5) in the smoke conveying duct 4 after spraying into primary dust removing device 1 at a high speed with contain SO 2Flue gas mixes, and by being applied to smoke conveying duct mesohigh impulse electric field, makes Ca (OH) again 2With the SO in the flue gas 2Reaction generates CaSO 3And a small amount of CaSO 4Particulate matter is removed by the two-stage dust removal equipment at rear portion then, sloughs SO in the flue gas thereby reach 2Purpose.
Apply high-voltage pulse by pin shaped electric discharging electrodes 13,14,15 in 11 pairs of pipelines of high voltage pulse discharge plasma power supply among step 1: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, in sparking electrode and conveyance conduit, form high-pressure pulse electric, as earthing pole, form the high pressure pulse discharge electric field with smoke conveying duct.
Step 2: in the experiment, the voltage that is applied on the discharge electrode is 5.4kV, and frequency is 10kHz; SO in the flue gas 2Original concentration approximately be controlled at 2228 * 10 -6~2262 * 10 -6(v/v) between, oxygen content is 21% (v/v) in the gas, and water content is 1.8% (v/v).Gas residence time is 1.6s.At flue gas flow is 100m 3Done Ca/S ratio under the condition of/h to SO 2The experiment of removal efficiency influence, result of the test as shown in Figure 3.As can be seen from the figure, along with the increase of Ca/S ratio in the flue gas, SO 2Removal efficiency all constantly increases.When Ca/S ratio is 1.03 in the gas, SO 2Removal efficiency is 70.9%; Along with the increase of Ca/S ratio in the flue gas, SO 2Removal efficiency constantly increases, when Ca/S ratio is 1.23~1.34 in the gas, and SO 2Removal efficiency is 81.5%~82.8%; When Ca/S ratio is 2.0 in the gas, SO 2Removal efficiency is increased to 92.1%.
The step 3: (Ca (OH) that experiment is adopted 2) desulfurizing agent provides by Shandong Zibo million celebrating chemical industry Co., Ltds, particle mean size is respectively 32 μ m, 48 μ m, 58 μ m and four models of 75 μ m.SO in the flue gas 2Original concentration approximately be controlled at 2238 * 10 -6~2267 * 10 -6(v/v) between, oxygen content is 21% (v/v) in the gas, and water content is 1.8% (v/v); Ca/S ratio is 1.3; Gas residence time is 1.6S.The voltage that is applied in the experiment on the discharge electrode is 5.4kV, and frequency is 10kHz.At gas flow is 100m 3Done the desulfurizing agent granularity under the condition of/h to SO 2The experiment of removal efficiency influence, result of the test as shown in Figure 4.As can be seen from the figure, along with the increase of desulfurizing agent granularity, SO 2Removal efficiency constantly reduces.When the desulfurizing agent granularity is 32 μ m, SO 2Removal efficiency can reach 86.5%; When the desulfurizing agent granularity is increased to 75 μ m, SO in the smoke 2Removal efficiency only be 68.3%.As seen, the desulfurizing agent granularity is big more, and desulfurization degree is low more.
Step 4: gas residence time and SO 2Experimental result between the removal efficiency as shown in Figure 5.SO in the gas 2Original concentration approximately be controlled at 2242 * 10 -6~2278 * 10 -6(v/v) about, in the gas oxygen content be 21% (v/v, water content is 0.6% (v/v); Ca/S ratio is 1.3.In the experiment, the voltage that is applied on the discharge electrode is 5.4kV, and frequency is 10kHz.
Experimental data shows, SO 2Removal efficiency increased and increases along with the time of staying, when the time of staying is 0.8S, and SO 2Concentration is from 2262 * 10 -6Reduce to 941 * 10 -6, removal efficiency is 58.4%; When the time of staying is 1.55S, SO 2Concentration is from 2262 * 10 -6Reduce to 434 * 10 -6, removal efficiency is 80.8%; When the time of staying is 2.4S, SO 2Concentration is from 2242 * 10 -6Reduce to 299 * 10 -6The time, SO then 2Removal efficiency is up to 87.8%.
Step 5: in the experiment, the electric voltage frequency that is applied on the discharge electrode is 10kHz; SO in the flue gas 2Original concentration approximately be controlled at 2239 * 10 -6~2282 * 10 -6(v/v) about, oxygen content is 21% (v/v) in the flue gas, and water content is 1.9% (v/v); Ca/S ratio is 1.3; Gas residence time is 1.6S.At gas flow is 100m 3Done discharge voltage to SO under the condition of/h 2The experiment of removal efficiency influence, result of the test as shown in Figure 6.As can be seen from the figure, along with the increase of discharge voltage, SO 2Removal efficiency constantly increases.When not having action of plasma, SO 2Removal efficiency only is 31.8%; When applied voltage is 2.0kV, SO 2Removal efficiency is 58.3%; Along with the increase of applied voltage, SO 2Removal efficiency is index to be increased.When applied voltage is 4.8kV, SO 2Removal efficiency can reach 80.2%; Afterwards, SO 2Removal efficiency increases interesting gesture and slows down.When applied voltage is 8.8kV, SO 2Removal efficiency reaches 84.9%.
Step 6: in the experiment, the electric voltage frequency that is applied on the discharge electrode is 10kHz; SO in the gas 2Original concentration approximately be controlled at 2256 * 10 -6~2282 * 10 -6(v/v) about, oxygen content is 21% (v/v) in the gas, and water content is 1.8% (v/v); Ca/S ratio is 1.3; Gas residence time is 1.6S.At gas flow is 100m 3Done discharge power to SO under the condition of/h 2The experiment of removal efficiency influence, result of the test as shown in Figure 7.As can be seen from the figure, along with the increase of discharge power, SO 2Removal efficiency constantly increases.When discharge power is 0.9W, SO 2Removal efficiency is 58.3%; Along with the increase of discharge power, SO 2Removal efficiency is index to be increased.When discharge power is 8.7W, SO 2Removal efficiency can reach 80.2%; Afterwards, SO 2Removal efficiency increases interesting gesture and slows down.When discharge power is 14.0W, SO 2Removal efficiency reaches 84.9%.As seen, improve discharge power, can effectively increase SO 2Removal efficiency.
By the nonequilibrium plasma that produces behind the high-pressure pulse electric gas discharge with the H in the flue gas 2O, O 2Equimolecular activates, cracking, produce a large amount of active particles, open HO-H and O-O are strong, make it to become free radical or activation particle, these free radicals or activation particle are handled the desulfurizing agent particle with high energy electron, can cause the fracture of surface of solids molecular chemistry key, improve the chemical reactivity of particle.Simultaneously, under the effect of plasma, make SO 2Gas molecule is in excitation state, can effectively reduce the holdup time required with the desulfurizing agent complete reaction, can effectively reduce the length of the required pipeline of course of reaction, and floor space and space, makes the installation of equipment and actual motion become simple.

Claims (2)

1. pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method is with Ca (OH) 2As desulfurizing agent, in smoke conveying duct with contain SO 2Flue gas mixes, and makes Ca (OH) 2With the SO in the flue gas 2Reaction generates CaSO 3And a small amount of CaSO 4Particulate matter is removed by cleaner then, it is characterized in that: Ca (OH) 2With contain SO 2Apply high-pressure pulse electric in the flue gas hybrid reaction process; Flue gas is the time of staying in pipeline: 〉=1.6s, flue gas wind speed: 〉=14m/s; Desulfurization temperature scope: room temperature~200 ℃; Calcium sulfur ratio: 1.2~1.3; Ca (OH) 2Granularity :≤50 μ m, high-pressure pulse electric intensity: 5kV~20kV.
2. pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization device, comprise the primary dust removing device, spray feed unit, smoke conveying duct, two-stage electrostatic precipitator and detection system, it is characterized in that: 3 needle electrodes are installed in flue as discharge electrode, with flue as earthing pole, form the high pressure pulse discharge electric field, distance between discharge electrode 1 and discharge electrode 2 and discharge electrode 2 and the discharge electrode 3 is 150~300mm, each discharge electrode is respectively 10~30mm along the smoke conveying duct axial length, the diameter of each discharge electrode is 0.5~3mm, discharge electrode is parallel with the flue as earthing pole, and on the flue axis, the power supply of discharge electrode adopts the high voltage pulse discharge plasma power supply, power output is 2kW, and it is 5~25kV that discharge electrode applies voltage, and frequency of supply is 2.0kHz~20kHz.
CN2008102354448A 2008-12-02 2008-12-02 Pulse electric field activated dry-type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method and apparatus Expired - Fee Related CN101433801B (en)

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