CN101427338B - 具有故障电流关断部分的断路器 - Google Patents

具有故障电流关断部分的断路器 Download PDF

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CN101427338B
CN101427338B CN038113635A CN03811363A CN101427338B CN 101427338 B CN101427338 B CN 101427338B CN 038113635 A CN038113635 A CN 038113635A CN 03811363 A CN03811363 A CN 03811363A CN 101427338 B CN101427338 B CN 101427338B
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米蒂亚·科普里弗谢科
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    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
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    • H01H83/223—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages with bimetal elements
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    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
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    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H83/22—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages
    • H01H83/226—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other condition being imbalance of two or more currents or voltages with differential transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/40—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H2071/407—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms the thermal element being heated by the coil of the electromagnetic mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/02—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents
    • H01H83/04—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents with testing means for indicating the ability of the switch or relay to function properly
    • H01H2083/045—Auxiliary switch opening testing circuit in synchronism with the main circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
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    • H01H2089/005—Multi-purpose combinations, e.g. LS/DI, LS/FI, of normal protective circuit breakers with known other forms of protection, e.g. earthfaults, differential, unbalance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/40—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/402—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms in which the thermal mechanism influences the magnetic circuit of the electromagnetic mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
    • H01H71/52—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever
    • H01H71/526—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release actuated by lever the lever forming a toggle linkage with a second lever, the free end of which is directly and releasably engageable with a contact structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于自动中断电流(I)的断路器，它具有一个脱扣器(4)，该脱扣器设有一个用于操作开关机构(3)的推杆(26)及用于产生电磁脱扣力的线圈(10)，该脱扣力使推杆(26)从第一位置运动到脱扣位置，其特征在于：一个第二线圈(12)与第一线圈(10)同轴地设置，其中第二线圈(12)中流过一个电流(i)，该电流被根据一个信号控制，该信号由一个故障电流检测器(42)作为对故障电流检测的应答信号输出。

Description

具有故障电流关断部分的断路器
本发明涉及用于自动中断电流的断路器，尤其是具有故障电流关断部分的断路器，它具有一个脱扣器，该脱扣器设有一个用于操作开关机构的推杆及用于产生电磁脱扣力的线圈，该脱扣力使推杆从第一位置移动到脱扣位置。
这种断路器已是充分地公知的，其中例如DE 199 42 694 A1描述了一个使用在这种断路器中的脱扣器。
在电气安装设备中，电流回路通过断路器来防止热过载及防止短路。但通常断路器不能在出现-譬如人接触到带电压部分或绝缘故障时形成的-小的故障电流(或漏电流)的情况下对人及物进行保护。为了排除该危险，长期以来在电气安装中除了断路器还使用所谓的故障电流保护开关。
由于与此相关的位置需要量大，已开发出组合的保护开关装置，它们除了断路器的特性外还具有故障电流保护开关的特性。例如由DE 28 34 327 C2可看到这种组合式保护开关装置的一个例子。由此公知的组合式保护开关装置具有：一个共同的锁扣机构及一个带有灭弧室的触头系统，一个用于检测故障电流的总电流互感器，一个求值电子部分及各一个脱扣器，即一个用于防止热过载保护用的双金属片，一个用于短路保护的磁脱扣器及一个用于关断所出现的故障电流的灵敏磁保持继电器。即使对于这种组合式保护开关装置仍有显著大的位置需要量。
本发明的任务在于，给出一种所述类型的断路器，它在保持紧凑结构的情况下组合一个故障电流保护开关。
该任务将根据权利要求1这样地解决：一个第二线圈与第一线圈同轴地设置，其中第二线圈中流过一个电流，该电流被根据一个信号控制，该信号由一个故障电流检测器作为对故障电流检测的应答信号输出。
通过第二线圈相对第一线圈的同轴布置，即使在通过故障电流检测器-它最好作为总电流传感器构成-检测到一个故障电流时，也引起推杆的电磁操作及由此使开关机构脱扣。第二线圈被组合在脱扣器中及由此得到的脱扣器的双重利用使得一个组合了故障电流保护开关功能的断路器的结构特别紧凑，而无需如现有技术中那样对于故障电流需要一个单独的脱扣装置。
特别有利的是，根据本发明的断路器被构造成系列结构装置。由此可得到一种可能性，即在已有的电气安装设备中设有的传统断路器可通过根据本发明的、组合了故障电流保护开关的断路器来代替。
以下将借助例子并参照附图来详细描述本发明。附图表示：
图1：一个局部剖切的断路器；
图2：用于本发明的断路器的一个脱扣器；及
图3：本发明的断路器的电路图。
图1表示一个局部剖切的断路器1，它具有一个操作手把2，一个可由操作手把2操作的开关机构3及一个也加载开关机构3的脱扣器4。
脱扣器4具有第一线圈10，该线圈用其一个端部与断路器1的第一连接端子5电连接。第一线圈10的另一端部通过一个可被开关机构3操作的开关与断路器1的另一连接端子(未示出)相连接。
以下将借助图2来详细描述脱扣器4的结构。
如上所述地，该脱扣器具有一个第一线圈10，通过它流过待监测的电流I。在第一线圈10的径向内部在一个套管14上绕有第二线圈12。该第二线圈12的功能将在后面描述。为了改善从第一线圈10到一个热脱扣器的热量传递，也可考虑：使第二线圈12径向上布置在第一线圈10的外面。在第一线圈位于外部的情况下，也可在其上设置一个导热套管(未示出)。
在套管14的内部设有一个磁芯16，该磁芯相对套管是固定的。此外在该套管14中设有一个在套管14的轴向上相对它可移动的衔铁18。该衔铁18在套管中滑动地被导向。一个用于在线圈10的外空间中闭合磁场的磁轭20具有：一个第一安装孔22，在该孔中固定磁芯16；及一个第二安装孔24，在该孔中安装套管14的背离磁芯16的端部。该磁轭20同时构成用于在断路器1的壳体6中安装脱扣器4的安装壳。
磁芯16具有导向孔17，一个用于操作开关机构3的推杆26在该导向孔中被滑动地导向。该推杆26用其放置在脱扣器4中的径向扩宽的端部区段26′支承在衔铁18的盲孔的基部。一个螺旋压簧28用其一个端部支承在磁芯16上及用其另一端部支承在推杆26径向扩宽的端部区段26′上，该压簧使推杆保持接触在轴向可移动的衔铁18上，以使得推杆26与衔铁18一起运动。
磁芯16在其向外穿过第一安装孔22的端部上与一个法兰件30啮合，其中该法兰件30支承在磁轭20上。在法兰件30背离磁轭20的、构成一个最好凸形曲面的自由端面上，装有一个双金属盘32及在该双金属盘上的一个操作盘34。其中操作盘34及在冷状态下的双金属盘32具有与法兰件30的凸形端面相对应的形状。
图3中给出了一个具有本发明特征的、作成双极性的断路器的电路图。该断路器1可实现三个保护功能，即防止短路的保护，防止过电流的保护及防止故障电流的保护。
流过一个未示出的、待监测的负载的电流I流过导线38及在常规情况下闭合的-但在图3中表示成打开的-开关机构3的开关36到达第一线圈10及通过该线圈流到负载。由负载向电源通回的导线40通过开关36的一个极被导送穿过断路器1。
一个用作故障电流检测器的总电流互感器42包围着导线38和40及在该位置上检测一个故障电流(漏电流)。由总电流互感器检测的信号被输送给一个电子求值部分44。该电子求值部分44放大总电流互感器42的信号及被放大的信号作为电流i被输送给脱扣器4中的第二线圈12，该第二线圈的另一端部通过开关36与回流的导线40相连接。
此外，设有测试装置46，该测试装置具有一个带有测试触头50的测试键48、一个测试电阻52及一个开关36中的辅助触头54。辅助触头54仅在开关36的闭合状态与测试电阻52接触及由此保证：电子求值部分44仅在该闭合状态中接到电压上。此外，通过辅助触头54保证：断路器的连接方向是任意的。这种测试装置是由有关的规章所规定的及借助它可测试断路器的功能。
为了保护电子求值部分44以免受到电网的电压冲击，作成高电阻值的第二线圈12同时构成对于电子求值部分44的电源电压的保护电阻。并且一个附加地设在电子求值部分44的电源电压各极之间的压敏电阻56用于：当出现过电压时使电子求值部分44的电源电压短路及由此保护它。
以下将描述断路器1的工作原理：
当在负载侧导线或与其相连接、未示出的负载的区域中出现短路时，电流I将脉冲式地上升，由此，该升高的及流过脱扣器4的第一线圈10的电流产生一个作用在衔铁18上的磁力，它使衔铁18及由该衔铁使推杆26向右运动到图2中所示的位置，由此推杆26作用在开关机构3上，以便使开关36打开及由此使电流中断。
当出现稍微的、导致脱扣器4的热负荷的过电流时，作为热脱扣器使用的双金属盘32一直被加热，直到达到其翻转-或跳变温度，在该温度上该双金属盘从向左凹的位置翻转到向左凸的位置。通过双金属盘32的该翻转使形状上不可改变的操作盘34在图2中向右挤压及由此带动推杆26抵抗弹簧28的弹簧力一起向右移动，该推杆在其由脱扣器4伸出的自由端上设有加厚部分27，由此使推杆26同样作用在开关机构3上，以便使开关36打开及使电流中断。
当出现故障电流时，该故障电流被总电流互感器42检测到及将检测信号传送到电子求值部分44，后者使该信号放大及作为电流i再传送到脱扣器4中的第二线圈12。在第二线圈12中通过该放大的信号建立一个磁场，该磁场也使衔铁18及与它连接的推杆26产生在图2中向右的轴向运动，由此使推杆26作用在开关机构3上，以便使开关36打开及由此也使电流中断。
因此根据本发明的断路器以简单及特别节省位置的方式组合了三个保护机构，即热保护、短路保护及故障电流保护机构。并且该组合与传统的现有技术相比减少了所需部件数目，由此在系列制造中具有显著经济的优点。通过在断路器中附加组合故障电流保护开关所引起的损耗功率不大于传统的断路器的损耗功率，使得根据本发明的断路器与一个传统的断路器及一个传统的故障电流保护开关的组合相比也带来了节能的优点。

Claims (3)

1.用于自动中断电流(I)的断路器，具有一个脱扣器(4)，该脱扣器设有一个用于操作一个开关机构(3)的推杆(26)及一个用于产生电磁脱扣力的第一线圈(10)，该脱扣力使该推杆(26)从一个第一位置运动到一个脱扣位置，一个第二线圈(12)与第一线圈(10)同轴地设置，其中该第二线圈(12)中流过一个电流(i)，该电流被根据一个信号控制，该信号由一个故障电流检测器(42)作为对故障电流检测的应答信号输出，
其特征在于：
在该脱扣器(4)的法兰件(30)的曲面上装有一个双金属盘(32)以及在该双金属盘上的一个操作盘(34)，该双金属盘(32)和该操作盘(34)由该推杆(26)穿透，该推杆(26)在其由该脱扣器(4)伸出的自由端部上设有加厚部分(27)，在该双金属盘(32)的加热导致翻转的情况下，该操作盘(34)借助于该加厚部分在释放方向上致动该推杆(26)。
2.根据权利要求1的断路器，其特征在于：该故障电流检测器是一个总电流互感器(42)。
3.根据权利要求1的断路器，其特征在于：该断路器(1)被构造成系列结构装置。
CN038113635A 2002-03-18 2003-03-18 具有故障电流关断部分的断路器 Expired - Fee Related CN101427338B (zh)

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DE10211902A DE10211902A1 (de) 2002-03-18 2002-03-18 Leitungsschutzschalter mit Fehlerstromabschaltung
PCT/EP2003/002818 WO2003079388A1 (de) 2002-03-18 2003-03-18 Leitungsschutzschalter mit fehlerstromabschaltung

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DE50311213D1 (de) 2009-04-09
WO2003079388A1 (de) 2003-09-25
EP1495477A1 (de) 2005-01-12
AU2003214138B2 (en) 2006-03-09
EP1495477B1 (de) 2009-02-25
AU2003214138A1 (en) 2003-09-29
ATE424036T1 (de) 2009-03-15
CN101427338A (zh) 2009-05-06
DE10211902A1 (de) 2003-10-02

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