CN101422848B - Distance-measurement focusing method applied for laser cutting processing - Google Patents
Distance-measurement focusing method applied for laser cutting processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN101422848B CN101422848B CN 200810182011 CN200810182011A CN101422848B CN 101422848 B CN101422848 B CN 101422848B CN 200810182011 CN200810182011 CN 200810182011 CN 200810182011 A CN200810182011 A CN 200810182011A CN 101422848 B CN101422848 B CN 101422848B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ranging and focusing method for laser cutting processing, and the key point is that the side of a cutting laser head is provided with a parallel light generator, a concave lens and a camera which are synchronously driven. The concave lens amplifies the light spot of the parallel light generator and projects the light spot on the surface of a work piece, the camera collect the light spot image, and then the cutting processing is carried out along with the cutting laser beam; the light spot is always projected in the front of the moving direction of the work piece, the light spot image changes along with the fluctuant change of the work piece surface, the camera samples the light spot image in real time, and the sampled light spot image and a standard light spot image are compared by a data processor, thus obtaining the deformation amount of the surface waiting to be cut of the work piece; and according to the deformation amount, the data processor sends out control signals, drives and regulates a focus lifting device, and changes the distance between the cutting laser head and the work piece, thus keeping accurate focusing with the work piece. The method has the advantages of high focusing accuracy, agile response and strong adaptability to the surface of the processed work piece, low and practical cost, high cutting efficiency, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to range finding, focusing, the focusing technology of contactless cutting, manufacture field, particularly the range finding focusing method of auxiliary laser cutter processing.
Background technology
At present, laser cutting device has had application more widely opening of sheet material in material, the process.Owing to be to utilize cumulative laser to advance cutting processing, therefore, the range accuracy between cutting laser beam and the workpiece to be machined is required than higher.In the processing cutting process of some high requests, for guaranteeing effect, the quality of cutting, focus dynamically to the cutting laser beam with corresponding accessory system.In the employed focus adjustment method of the laser cutting of routine, mainly contain mechanical type, inductance type, condenser type, it is several that laser point is reflective etc.And these focusing modes all have various defectives in various degree.Wherein, mechanical type causes the workpiece to be machined surface to draw flower or damaged owing to need to use mechanical component directly contact with workpiece to be machined on the one hand easily, influences the precision of focusing, poor durability, low precision after making focusing system generation mechanical wear on the other hand; Inductance type and condenser type then processing object can only be limited to metal material, and its poor anti jamming capability, and the as easy as rolling off a log electromagnetic interference of external environment that is subjected to influences, the precision of induction also not high, functional reliability is poor; Machining accuracy is higher, and to calculate laser point reflective, it is to utilize the range finding laser that sends from the side, form point reflection at surface of the work, utilize the time difference of reflection to find range, so precision height, but device is wanted dependence on import, and it is expensive, and especially whole focus control is bulky, can't press close to cut the cut point of laser beam installs, cause between point distance measurement and the cut point span big, error is big, and distance measuring method can only be put one by one and carries out, in case pip just falls within on the chip of surface of the work laser with regard to indeterminacy, if and pip just falls within slot or the cavity of surface of the work, laser can't be found range with regard to areflexia, and the adaptive capacity of technology is poor.And in the Laser cutting production process of reality, workpiece to be machined or material and nisi horizontal plane, there are certain bending, distortion, warpage inevitably, how accurately, in time regulate the focal length of cutting laser beam according to the situation of workpiece to be machined or material surface, conventional art does not also have perfect solution.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention will overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part exactly, a kind of dynamic focusing precision height is proposed, to workpiece to be machined surface reaction agility, strong to unlike material, machined surface adaptability, the range finding focusing method that is applied to Laser cutting of practicality with low cost.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: the range finding focusing method of Laser cutting, include conventional laser cutter, conventional data processor, the cutting laser head that can drive laser cutter moves up and down the focusing lowering or hoisting gear of focusing, it is characterized in that: the side at the cutting laser head is provided with the directional light generator, concavees lens, camera, they all with cutting laser head synchronous interaction, the cutting cutting laser beam that sends of laser head and workpiece to be machined are during initially to good focus, the directional light generator is luminous, concavees lens are with light amplification, and perpendicular projection is on the workpiece to be machined surface near the cutting laser beam foucing, form hot spot, camera is gathered this light spot image and as the primary standard hot spot, is preserved by data processor; Along with workpiece to be machined moves, the cutting laser beam carries out cutting processing, hot spot is projeced into the place ahead of workpiece to be machined moving direction all the time, light spot image can be along with the workpiece to be machined surface concavo-convex, rise and fall distortion and do size variation or distortion, these dynamic light spot images have just directly reflected the flatness on workpiece to be machined surface, camera is to the light spot image real-time sampling, doubly amplify by will sample light spot image and initial standard light spot image etc. of data processor, comparison again, can draw in advance workpiece to be machined be about to be cut the surface apart from deflection, data processor sends control signal according to the distance deflection, drive and regulate burnt lowering or hoisting gear, change the cutting laser head with respect to the distance of workpiece to be machined, the focus of cutting laser beam is in time adjusted, accurately focused thereby remain with workpiece to be machined.Further, for guaranteeing that the light spot profile that produces is clear, be easy to identification that the directional light generator adopts laser generator.In order to improve to be processed accuracy of hot spot reflection, more the focus near the cutting laser beam is more good for the hot spot that produces, take all factors into consideration each Unit Installation factor, take press close to cut laser head below be respectively equipped with 45 the degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens and 45 the degree reflex reflector lens, the laser that laser generator sends is the amplification of process concavees lens earlier, reflection through 45 degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens just is vertically projected to the workpiece to be machined surface then, and the light spot image that is formed at workpiece to be machined then sees through the transmission of 45 degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens earlier, again through just entering camera after the 45 degree reflex reflector lens reflections.For ease of sampling and calculating, being projeced into the lip-deep hot spot of workpiece to be machined is the regular geometric shapes of symmetry, is preferably circular.The size of circular light spot is between diameter 10 to 30mm.Be the precision of coupling focus regulation, the focusing lowering or hoisting gear is made of servomotor and drive lead screw.
Such design, the present invention have tangible advantage and advantage;
1, can accurately control laser cutting slot size, avoid slot because the width that focusing is forbidden to cause differs, this has bigger meaning for the crudy of improving workpiece.
2, the focusing lowering or hoisting gear that cooperates servomotor and drive lead screw to constitute by the hot spot sampling, the focusing precision can reach the rank of 0.01mm, has solved the problem of focusing precision effectively.
3, adopted the mode of hot spot surface range finding, when the collection of hot spot, select multiple spot to calculate, can avoid the range finding of old laser point runs into to be had the chip indeterminacy, have cavity and seam then not to detect on the workpiece drawback, all there is very strong adaptive capacity on the surface of unlike material, different situations.
4, because hot spot is in the place ahead of machine direction, can detect in advance the variation of cutting focal length, make laser cutting system remain at perfect focusing duty accurately.
5, the equipment with external peer-level contrasts, and the present invention can reach the requirement of industry, and both economical practicality again need not be used expensive some airborne laser range finder, and its cost only is ten minutes about of external equal some Laser Distance Measuring Equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the present invention forms the standard light spot image;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that forms the distortion light spot image;
Fig. 3 is standard light spot image and the contrast schematic diagram that is out of shape light spot image;
The device schematic diagram of Fig. 4 embodiment 2.
The specific embodiment
As everyone knows, sheet material is larger area sheet material especially, and the distortion that 5-10mm even 20mm are arranged in the 1200mm length range is very normal, and the distortion of this 5-20mm must be adjusted for Laser cutting and overcomes.This method just is being suitable for opening of this metalloid or nonmetal plate and is expecting cutting.
Embodiment 1, and referring to Fig. 1, the range finding focusing method of the Laser cutting of present embodiment comprises conventional laser cutter, known data processor commonly used 9.The cutting laser head 1 of laser cutter be vertical at workpiece to be machined 2 directly over, cutting laser head 1 is driven by focusing lowering or hoisting gear 8, focusing lowering or hoisting gear 8 is made of servomotor and drive lead screw (not drawing among the figure), its mobile accuracy can reach 0.01mm.Special feature is, side at cutting laser head 1 is provided with laser generator 3, concavees lens group 4, camera 5,45 degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens 6 and 45 degree reflex reflector lens 7, they all with cutting laser head 1 synchronous interaction, can unify to be driven by focusing lowering or hoisting gear 8 and move up and down synchronously.
The power of the laser generator 3 of range finding usefulness is 30mw, it sends the red laser bundle 3 ' that diameter is 2mm, red laser bundle 3 ' amplifies through the equivalence of concavees lens group 4, then through the reflection of 45 degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens 6, form the red positive circular light spot that diameter is 20mm on workpiece to be machined 2 surfaces, at this moment, the cutting laser beam 1 ' that cutting laser head 1 sends and workpiece to be machined 2 are initially to good focus, therefore diameter is that the red positive circular light spot of 20mm can be considered the primary standard hot spot, this light spot image sees through the transmission of 45 degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens 6 again earlier, through just entering camera 5 after 7 reflections of 45 degree reflex reflector lens, preserve by data processor 9 at last again.
When cutting laser beam 1 ' carries out cutting processing, movement along with workpiece to be machined 2, the ruddiness hot spot is projeced into the place ahead of workpiece to be machined 2 moving directions all the time, if workpiece to be machined 2 flatness and standard are consistent, what then light spot image presented also is that diameter is the red positive circular of 20mm---consistent with the standard light spot image, to after differentiating, focusing lowering or hoisting gear 8 positions need not change data processor 9, need only maintain the original state with the light spot image amplification ratio.If to be processed of workpiece to be machined 2 than the standard 0.1mm that caved in, the red laser bundle 3 ' distance that is mapped to workpiece to be machined 2 has increased 0.1mm like this, equivalence by concavees lens group 4 is amplified, naturally can form on the surface of workpiece to be machined 2 and increase 0.1mm---is that diameter is the circular light spot image of 20.1mm, although the difference of this 0.1mm is very little, naked eyes are difficult to differentiate, but 5 pairs of these light spot image real-time samplings of camera, and this light spot image sent into data processor 9, data processor 9 this image is amplified 10 (perhaps 50) doubly, again with the standard light spot image comparison of amplifying same multiple, data processor 9 can be differentiated thus, judging the 0.1mm that caved in before to be processed the ratio of workpiece to be machined 2, data processor 9 sends control signal according to this 0.1mm apart from deflection, drive and regulate burnt lowering or hoisting gear 8, order cutting laser head 1 decline 0.1mm in time adjusts the focus of cutting laser beam 1 ', accurately focuses thereby remain with workpiece to be machined 2.Similarly, if to be processed of workpiece to be machined 2 than standard protrusion 0.2mm, then the red laser bundle 3 ' distance that is mapped to workpiece to be machined 2 has been dwindled 0.2mm, equivalence by concavees lens group 4 is amplified, naturally can form on the surface of workpiece to be machined 2 and reduce 0.2mm---is the light spot image of diameter 19.8mm, 5 pairs of light spot image real-time samplings of camera, and this light spot image sent into data processor 9, amplify through image, comparison, the face to be processed that data processor 9 can judged workpiece to be machined 2 has thus exceeded 0.2mm, data processor 9 sends control signal according to the distance deflection, drive and regulate burnt lowering or hoisting gear 8, order cutting laser head 1 rising 0.2mm in time adjusts the focus of cutting laser beam 1 ', remains with workpiece to be machined 2 and accurately focuses.In addition, shown in Fig. 2,3, the oval-shaped hot spot if the right and wrong that form on the surface of workpiece to be machined 2 are just round, data processor 9 can judge that also the deformation tendency----on workpiece to be machined 2 surfaces is in rise or descend domatic according to the size of oval-shaped major axis, minor axis, thereby correctly estimate the surface condition of workpiece to be machined 2, in time adjust the focal length of cutting laser beam 1 '.
Embodiment 2, referring to Fig. 4, for make light spot image can embody, reflect soon height situation or the flatness of cut place as far as possible, the hot spot that laser generator produces is more good the closer to the cutting focus of cutting laser beam, for this reason, 45 degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens 6 and 45 can be spent the below that reflex reflector lens 7 are arranged in the cutting laser head, the ruddiness hot spot of generation preferably is projeced in the scope of distance cutting laser beam 1 ' focus 5--15mm.In fact, the size that the concavees lens group will be found range the laser amplification multiple and be produced hot spot all can be regulated setting according to different situations, 5 times, 20 times all can, there is no fixed number, the shape of hot spot can be square, regular polygon etc. also, is easy to conversion and gets final product.Data processor 9 also can adopt equipment or the conventional computer of specialty.
Certainly, only enumerated two kinds of preferred implementation here, the protection category that other is equal to, structure roughly the same all should belong to this patent repeats no more here.
Claims (6)
1. range finding focusing method that is applied to Laser cutting, include conventional laser cutter, conventional data processor, the cutting laser head that can drive laser cutter moves up and down the focusing lowering or hoisting gear of focusing, it is characterized in that: the side at the cutting laser head is provided with the directional light generator, concavees lens, camera, they all with cutting laser head synchronous interaction, the cutting cutting laser beam that sends of laser head and workpiece to be machined are during initially to good focus, the directional light generator is luminous, concavees lens are with light amplification, and perpendicular projection is on the workpiece to be machined surface near the cutting laser beam foucing, form hot spot, camera is gathered this light spot image and as the primary standard hot spot, is preserved by data processor; Along with workpiece to be machined moves, the cutting laser beam carries out cutting processing, hot spot is projeced into the place ahead of workpiece to be machined moving direction all the time, light spot image can be along with the workpiece to be machined surface concavo-convex, rise and fall distortion and do size variation or distortion, these dynamic light spot images have just directly reflected the flatness on workpiece to be machined surface, camera is to the light spot image real-time sampling, doubly amplify by will sample light spot image and initial standard light spot image etc. of data processor, comparison again, can draw in advance workpiece to be machined be about to be cut the surface apart from deflection, data processor sends control signal according to the distance deflection, drive and regulate the focusing lowering or hoisting gear, change the cutting laser head with respect to the distance of workpiece to be machined, the focus of cutting laser beam is in time adjusted, accurately focused thereby remain with workpiece to be machined.
2. range finding focusing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the directional light generator adopts laser generator.
3. range finding focusing method according to claim 2, the below that it is characterized in that pressing close to the cutting laser head is respectively equipped with 45 degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens and 45 degree reflex reflector lens, the laser that laser generator sends is the amplification of process concavees lens earlier, reflections through 45 degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens just are vertically projected to the workpiece to be machined surface then, and the light spot image that is formed at workpiece to be machined then sees through the transmission of 45 degree plated film direct transmission reflex reflector lens earlier, again through just entering camera after the 45 degree reflex reflector lens reflections.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described range finding focusing methods, it is circular it is characterized in that being projeced into the lip-deep hot spot of workpiece to be machined.
5. want 4 described range finding focusing methods according to right, it is characterized in that the size of circular light spot is between diameter 10 to 30mm.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described range finding focusing methods, it is characterized in that described focusing lowering or hoisting gear is made of servomotor and drive lead screw.
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