CN101421378A - Fuel dope - Google Patents
Fuel dope Download PDFInfo
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- CN101421378A CN101421378A CNA2007800114231A CN200780011423A CN101421378A CN 101421378 A CN101421378 A CN 101421378A CN A2007800114231 A CNA2007800114231 A CN A2007800114231A CN 200780011423 A CN200780011423 A CN 200780011423A CN 101421378 A CN101421378 A CN 101421378A
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- fuel
- dope
- organic solvent
- base metal
- metal nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
Abstract
The present invention relates to be used for the novel compositions of fuel, gasoline, diesel oil, coal, alcohol fuel and biofuel, and the method for making said composition.
Description
Priority request
The application requires the rights and interests of US60/802780 that submits in the US60/867577 that submits to according to the 26 days November in 2006 of 35 USC119 (e), the US60/820736 of submission on July 28th, 2006, on May 24th, 2006 and the US60/786403 earlier application day of submitting on March 28th, 2006.
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the novel compositions of fuel, gasoline, diesel oil, coal and biofuel, and the method for making said composition.
Background technology
Improving fuel efficiency and reducing pollution is to become economy and the vital never action of the requirement of concession of environmentAL safety from random luxury in the past few decades.Carried out extensive work in the fuel technology field to improve fuel efficiency and to reduce and pollute.Yet efficient is not enough and remain significant problem from the pollution of diesel oil fuel, coal, gasoline, ethanol even natural gas burning.
Owing to the rapid economic growth along with main NIC improves for the demand of global fuel feed, oil is supplied with nervous, causes fuel price to go up.This has caused other for as the research of the alternative fuel of the mode that increases this supply and the research that reduces pollutent, and example comprises gasification, coal-diesel oil conversion, biofuel and propellant combination.A simple and fast solution is exactly to use our existing supply better.
Summary of the invention
According to afore-mentioned, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fuel dope of the improvement of using with gasoline, diesel oil fuel, biofuel, Sweet natural gas, coal fuel and biomass fuel, this fuel dope provides at least one benefit in the following benefit: power increases; Efficiency of combustion improves; The fuel mileage number increases; The engine operation is more steady; The fuel system fouling reduces; Make the fuel system cleaning that comprises injector; Reduce " diesel motor vibration (diesel rap) " in the diesel motor.
Another object of the present invention is by providing at least one benefit in the following benefit to improve family's heating system of using fuel oil: better spraying of ruel; Hotter flame temperature; Burning more completely; Soot still less produces.
Another purpose of the present invention is by providing at least one benefit in the following benefit to improve coal combustion systems: better spraying of ruel for coal-slurry oil material; Hotter flame temperature; Burning more completely; Soot still less produces.
In a preferred embodiment, subject matter comprises a kind of fuel additive concentrate, and it comprises: base metal nitrate; And organic solvent.
Above-mentioned fuel additive concentrate, wherein, described base metal nitrate and organic solvent form about solution of 5%～about 10%.
Above-mentioned fuel additive concentrate, wherein, described base metal nitrate is a lithium nitrate.
A kind of fuel dope, it comprises: above-mentioned enriched material, ratio are that 1 part of enriched material is to about 10 parts～about 11 parts of organic solvents.
Above-mentioned fuel dope, wherein, described organic solvent is selected from Virahol, methyl alcohol, ethanol, gasoline, diesel oil, biofuel, C1～C12 hydro carbons, C1～C6 alcohols and their combination.
Above-mentioned fuel dope, wherein, described organic solvent is ethanol or Virahol.
A kind of method of handling fuel, described method comprises: with the above-mentioned fuel dope that is selected from about 1 unit the ratio of the fuel of about 3000 units～about 20000 units is added described fuel dope in described fuel.
A kind of fuel composition, it comprises gasoline and fuel dope, and this fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of fuel composition, it comprises diesel oil fuel and fuel dope, and this fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of fuel composition, it comprises biofuel and fuel dope, and this fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of fuel composition, it comprises coal and fuel dope, and this fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of fuel composition, it comprises rocket engine fuel and fuel dope, and this fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of fuel composition, it comprises oil fuel and fuel dope, and this fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of fuel composition, it comprises gasoline-alcohol mixture and fuel dope, and this fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of method of running of the gasoline driven explosive motor that improves manual ignition, described method comprises to described engine provides the fuel composition that comprises gasoline and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of method of improving the running of diesel driven oil engine, described method comprise to described oil engine provides the fuel composition that comprises diesel oil or biodiesel fuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of method of improving the running in boiler that coal drives or power station, described method comprises to described engine provides the fuel composition that comprises coal and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of method of improving the running of jet engine, described method comprises to described engine provides the fuel composition that comprises rocket engine fuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
A kind of method of improving the running of boiler, described method comprises to described boiler provides the fuel composition that comprises oil fuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
Embodiment
Definition
The fuel that expection is used for the fuel composition of theme of the present invention is generally the interior liquid hydrocarbon fuels of gasoline boiling spread, comprises hydrocarbon-based fuel.Term " petroleum distillate fuel " also is to be used for describing fuel composition and the fuel that have above-mentioned feature boiling point that can be used for theme of the present invention.But, be not to attempt this term is restricted to the straight run distillate cut.Overhead product fuel can be the mixture with cracking overhead product raw material such as the overhead product fuel of straight run distillate fuel, catalytic pyrolysis or thermo-cracking (comprising hydrocracking) or straight run distillate fuel and petroleum naphtha etc.In addition, the basic fuel that is used to form the fuel composition of theme of the present invention can be handled according to known business method (as acid or alkaline purification, hydrogenation, solvent treatment, clay treatment etc.).
Depend on the COS that the gasoline plan is used, gasoline provides with multiple different stage.The gasoline that is used for theme of the present invention comprises those gasoline that are designed to motor spirit and aviation spirit.Motor spirit comprises those gasoline of ASTM specification D-439-73 defined, is made of the mixture of the various hydro carbons of the diolefine that comprises aromatic hydrocarbons, alkene, paraffinic hydrocarbons, isoparaffin, naphthenic hydrocarbon and exist in case of necessity.Motor spirit has the boiling spread that is restricted to about 70 ℉～450 ℉ usually, and aviation spirit has narrower boiling spread, is restricted to about 100 ℉～330 ℉ usually.
Subject matter also relates to the purposes of diesel oil fuel.Diesel oil fuel is defined by U.S. trial association (ASTM) oil fuel standard specifications (being appointed as D 396-86), perhaps with defining as progression 1-D, 2-D or 4-D specified among the ASTMD 975.More general, diesel oil fuel can be No. 2, oil fuel or No. 4 petroleum distillates, and contain emulsive water or, need only them and demonstrate for effective volatility of purposes and cetane value characteristic such as the alternative diesel oil fuel of alcohols such as ethanol or methyl alcohol, super low sulfur fuel (being less than 0.05% sulphur), with the diesel oil fuel mixture of biogenic composition (animal and plant fat and grease, cut and derivative) etc.Diesel oil fuel typically has be positioned at 300 ℃～390 ℃ 90% distillate a little and be the viscosity of 1～25 centistoke (centistoke) in the time of 40 ℃.
Biofuel comprises the fuel of being made by vegetables oil (comprising those fuel that are modified as microemulsion diesel fuel by interpolation such as rudimentary carbochain alcohol such as methyl alcohol, ethanol or butanols and alkali metal soap (stearate, oleate etc.)).
Theme of the present invention also relates to the fuel composition in the ethanol and the purposes of gasoline, fuel alcohol, Sweet natural gas, coal and biomass.
Theme of the present invention relates to solvent and preparing with the lithium salts class that forms fuel combustion and efficiency improvement agent and ester class etc.During calculating, the molar mass of lithium is 6.941g/mol.
The preferred salt of theme of the present invention comprises nitrate.Nitrate is known in the explosive substance field, also is known oxygenant.It is reported that Powdered anhydrous nitric acid lithium is oxygenant and the flame tinting material that is used to make fireworks and star shell.
The base metal nitrate here can be represented with mol ratio.For example, the atomic mass of lithium is 6.939g/mol.Comprise X-NO
3Nitrate contain 1 nitrogen-atoms and 3 Sauerstoffatoms.The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0067g/mol, and the atomic mass of oxygen is 15.994g/mol, perhaps 1 mole NO
3Weigh 62.0049 grams.Therefore, 1 mole LiNO
3Calculated weight be about 68.9439 the gram.
A selection that is characterised in that salt.Although following table has shown lithium chloride and has dissolved in organic solvent that it compares the oilness function value that provides relatively poor with lithium nitrate.
Salt is selected---oilness (HFRR)
In a preferred embodiment, theme of the present invention comprises the super enriched material of fuel dope (SC), fuel dope (FA) and treated fuel.Importantly, we find that the uncommon inorganic salt that are characterised in that have dissolved in the organic solvent.Super enriched material of term and enriched material can exchange use.These compositions use the LiNO of quantitative scope
3Amount makes.Preferred LiNO
3Scope comprises 0.5mol～2.5mol, more preferably 0.8mol～2.0mol, more preferably 0.9mol～1.5mol, more preferably 0.9mol～1.2mol.Desired in the theme as theme of the present invention, preferred range also comprises 1.0mol～1.16mol, 1.12mol～1.16mol, and 1.12mol～1.18mol.More specifically, for every liter solvent, described base metal nitrate that can be by adding following molar weight (for example 2.5,2.0,1.5,1.2,1.18,1.16,1.12,1.0,0.9,0.8,0.6,0.58,0.56 and 0.5mol) (LiNO for example
3) and make enriched material.
Can make up more than one lithium salts with percentage change, this also expects and is included within the theme of the present invention.
Solvent is used to form superconcentrate (SC) and uses thinner as fuel dope (FA).Between SC and FA, solvent can be identical or different with thinner, and the combination of a kind of solvents/diluents or multiple solvents/diluents may be used to SC and FA.Term solvent and thinner and using the step (for example, make enriched material or make additive) in their method relevant, but the term solvent also can be made a comment or criticism at the liquid portion of the solution of preparation.The solvent that can be used for theme of the present invention comprises one-level, secondary and the blended C1～C12 hydro carbons of Virahol (isopropyl alcohol), ethanol, C1～C10 alkyl alcohol, gasoline, diesel oil fuel, biodiesel fuel and solvent version.Preferred Virahol, methyl alcohol, ethanol, C1～C4 alkyl alcohols and their mixture.
Expection be used to form the concrete solvent of enriched material and thinner combination comprise 50-50 Virahol (IPA)/ethanol, IPA 0-100%+ ethanol 100-0%, with alcohol be used for enriched material as the IPA in the enriched material of thinner, IPA and ethanol petrol 85 (gasohol 85) as thinner, and alcohol be used for enriched material and IPA as thinner.
Although fully within the technical ability of the chemist of this area, still provide molar mass below with the convenient molar solution that calculates.
| Solvent | Proportion (Kg/m 3) | Molar mass (g/mol) |
| Virahol | 785.4 | 60.09676 |
| Ethanol | 785.06 | 46.06962 |
| Methyl alcohol | 791.30 | 32.3294 |
| Isopropylcarbinol | 801.6 | 74.1239 |
| Motor spirit | 737.22 | 70～168 (average 119) (C nH n，C nH 2n，C nH 2n+2，n＝5～12) |
| Diesel oil | 820～950 | ～170 (average out to C 12H 26) |
| Oil fuel | 890.13 | ～196-280(C nH 2n+2，，n＝14～20) |
| The soybean oil methyl esters | 930 | ～310 |
| Rapeseed methylester | 880 | ～308 |
| Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (LPG) | 500 | 44.1 |
| E85?Gas | 780～800 | 85% ethanol (70～168), 15% gasoline (46.1) |
| Ethanol petrol | 780～800 | 90% gasoline (70-168), 10% ethanol (46.1) |
Although specifically quoted preferred solvent here, but following content is also within any general chemistry worker's the general knowledge and should be included in herein: except that those solvents of listing above, the mixture of other solvents or solvent can use with the metal nitrate here with preparation SC, FA and processed fuel.Here using solvent to prepare enriched material uses solvent as thinner enriched material to be converted into the fuel dope product simultaneously.But, should comprise here: enriched material can be identical or different with thinner with solvent.
Molar solution---enriched material
| An alkali metal salt | Salt (mol) | Solvent | Solvent mol/1L | The % molar solution |
| LiNO 3 | 1.16 | Virahol | 13.07 | 8.15 |
| Ethanol | 17.04 | 6.38 | ||
| Methyl alcohol | 24.48 | 4.53 | ||
| Isopropylcarbinol | 10.81 | 9.69 | ||
| Ethanol petrol | 6.20 | 15～16 | ||
| Diesel oil | 5.24 | 18 | ||
| Oil fuel | 3.7 | 24 | ||
| Rapeseed methylester | 2.86 | 29 |
*Annotate: mol/L, calculated by proportion/atomic mass
Solubleness for the lithium nitrate of all kinds of SOLVENTS provides as follows.
| Lithium solubleness | |
| Methyl alcohol | <～30 |
| Ethanol | <～25 |
| Ethanol/Virahol (50/50) | <～20 |
| Virahol | <～15 |
| Propyl carbinol | <～13 |
| 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol | <～2 |
| Nonylcarbinol | <～1 |
| Acetone | <～8 |
In a preferred embodiment, the concrete ratio of the fuel dope in the fuel will provide the concrete productive rate in fuel efficiency.Can obtain PPM according to following formula.
| PPM---treated fuel | |
| 1ppm | =add in the solvent of certain volume weight to the chemical that obtains 1ppm |
| =1 μ mol base metal nitrate/mol solvent | |
| =.001g base metal nitrate/rise solvent | |
| =0.0038g/ US gallon |
In a preferred embodiment, theme of the present invention provides the Li of the about 0.1ppm in the fuel.In a preferred embodiment, the ppm number of the Li in the fuel be about 0.025～about 1.0, about 0.05～about 0.5, about 0.075～about 0.25, about 0.09～about 0.15, and any numerical range therebetween.
In other preferred implementations, the amount of Li in the fuel provides the rate of combustion increment (combustion yield increase) of certain limit, comprises about 5%～30% rate of combustion increment, about 10%～25% rate of combustion increment, about 18%～22% rate of combustion increment and about 10%～15% rate of combustion increment and the rate of combustion scope that comprises numerical value therebetween.The quality that depends on fuel, typical rate of combustion increment is about 4%～10%.Rate of combustion is to measure according to the Btu of vehicle fuel economy, generation (btu) increment and other similar known methods.
Following embodiment is intended to limit, and for example, about 1 liter during to about 4000 liters ratio when statement can pragmatize be that about 1 unit is to about 4000 units also.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1---LiNO
3Super enriched material-Virahol
The method for preparing the super enriched material of lithium nitrate comprises 1.69 moles lithium nitrate and 15.23 moles Virahol is mixed into solution.This provides LiNO
3Super enriched material.
Embodiment 2---LiNO
3Super enriched material-ethanol
The method for preparing the lithium nitrate enriched material comprises 1.69 moles lithium nitrate and 19.54 moles ethanol is mixed into solution.This provides LiNO
3Super enriched material.
Embodiment 3---LiNO
3Super enriched material-methyl alcohol
The method for preparing the lithium nitrate enriched material comprises 1.69 moles lithium nitrate is become solution with 32.33 moles methanol mixed.This provides LiNO
3Super enriched material.
Embodiment 4---LiNO
3Super enriched material-Virahol
The method for preparing the super enriched material of lithium nitrate comprises 0.85 mole lithium nitrate and 15.23 moles Virahol is mixed into solution.This provides LiNO
3Super enriched material.
Embodiment 5---LiNO
3Super enriched material-ethanol
The method for preparing the lithium nitrate enriched material comprises 0.85 mole lithium nitrate and 19.54 moles ethanol is mixed into solution.This provides LiNO
3Super enriched material.
Embodiment 6---LiNO
3Super enriched material-methyl alcohol
The method for preparing the lithium nitrate enriched material comprises 0.85 mole lithium nitrate is become solution with 32.33 moles methanol mixed.This provides LiNO
3Super enriched material.
Embodiment 7---fuel dope (FA)
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises that super enriched material described herein is about 1 part with solvents/diluents to be diluted about 11 parts ratio.
Embodiment 8---fuel dope (FA)
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises that super enriched material described herein is about 1 part with solvents/diluents to be diluted about 10 parts ratio.
Embodiment 9---Li and isopropanol agent
The method for preparing lithium nitrate fuel dope (FA) comprises dilutes (respectively amount to 11 part or 12 part) with about 1 part of enriched material to the ratio of about 10～11 parts of Virahols with the super enriched material of lithium nitrate.
Embodiment 10---Li and alcohol dilution agent
The method for preparing lithium nitrate fuel dope (FA) comprises dilutes (amount to 11 part～12 part) with about 1 part of enriched material to about 10～11 parts of alcoholic acid ratios with the super enriched material of lithium nitrate.
Embodiment 11---the combination of salt
The method for preparing super enriched material fuel dope comprises that the base metal nitrate with more than one makes up and is mixed in the chemically rational solvent, forms 3%～20% concentrated solution.
Embodiment 12
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes 3%～20% super concentrated solution with the ratio of about 1 part of enriched material to about 5 parts～about 20 parts of solvents.
Embodiment 13---handles
The incendiary method of handling fuel or strengthening fuel source comprises about 1 liter fuel dope (FA) is mixed in about 3000 liters～4000 liters fuel.
Embodiment 14
The incendiary method of handling fuel or strengthening fuel source comprises about 1 liter fuel dope is mixed in the about 2000 liters～about 15000 liters fuel.
Embodiment 15
The incendiary method of handling fuel or strengthening fuel source comprises about 1 liter fuel dope is mixed in the about 6000 liters～about 15000 liters fuel.
Embodiment 16
The incendiary method of handling fuel or strengthening fuel source comprises about 1 liter fuel dope is mixed in the about 10000 liters～about 20000 liters fuel.
Embodiment 17---and biofuel+diesel oil is as thinner
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes 3%～20% concentrated solution with the ratio of 1 part of enriched material to about 5 parts～about 20 parts of biofuel+diesel oil fuel combination.
Embodiment 18---the biofuel thinner
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes 3%～20% concentrated solution with the ratio of 1 part of enriched material to about 5 parts～about 20 parts of biodiesel fuels.
Embodiment 19---the diesel fuel dilution agent
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes 3%～20% concentrated solution with the ratio of 1 part of enriched material to about 5 parts～about 20 parts of diesel oil fuels.
Embodiment 20---ethanol and gasoline
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes 3%～20% concentrated solution with the ratio of 1 part of enriched material to about 5 parts～about 20 parts of ethanol and Fuel Petroleum.
Embodiment 21
The incendiary method of handling fuel or strengthening fuel source comprises about 1 liter fuel dope is mixed in the about 4000 liters～ethanol and gasoline of 20000 liters of about 10000 liters or about 6000 liters～about or about 10000 liters～about 20000 liters.
Embodiment 22---fuel alcohol
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes 3%～20% concentrated solution with the ratio of 1 part of enriched material to 1 part of fuel alcohol.
Embodiment 23
The method of handling boiler oil (for example DIESEL 2, DIESEL 6 or BUNKER OIL) comprises about 1 unit of fuel additive is mixed in the fuel of about 4000 units.
Embodiment 24
Handle the method for Sweet natural gas, wherein CNG (compressed natural gas) volume according to equivalent atomizes fuel dope.
Embodiment 25
Handle the method for burning, wherein fuel dope is directly added in the burner with the equivalent volume with coal or biomass fuel.
Embodiment 26
Treated fuel, wherein, enriched material adds with the ratio that is selected from the group of being made up of the final blending example of 1:3000,1:4000,1:1000,1:3000 and 1:6000.
Embodiment 27---and super enriched material and Virahol/ethanol are as thinner
It is that 50/50 Virahol and ethanol mixed diluent dilute that the method for preparing fuel dope comprises super enriched material ratio described herein.
Embodiment 28---and super enriched material and Virahol/ethanol are as thinner
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes super enriched material described herein with Virahol 0%～100% and ethanol 100%～0% mixed diluent.
Embodiment 29---and super enriched material Virahol and ethanol are as thinner
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes the super enriched material that makes with Virahol described herein with the alcohol dilution agent.
Embodiment 30---and super enriched material Virahol and gasoline are as thinner
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes the super enriched material that makes with Virahol described herein with the gasoline thinner.
Embodiment 31---and super enriched material ethanol and Virahol are as thinner
The method for preparing fuel dope comprises dilutes the super enriched material that makes with ethanol described herein with the isopropanol agent.
Embodiment 32---the boats and ships test
Fuel dope is added to the diesel oil fuel that is used for marine engine.Observe fuel consumption according to the computer in the engine on the ship and reduced by 13.5% and power has increased 12.5%.
Embodiment 33
The department of mechanical engineering (Mechanical EngineeringDepartment) of request Major University uses semi-mounted tow truck (semi-trailer truck (lorry)) to test.Test result shows that the large-scale fully loaded 18 fuel mileage numbers of taking turns truck have increased 8%.And, in the process of on the diesel-driven generator group, testing, observe 10% efficiency gain.As anecdote, the driver represents that he can use higher gear ratio (more than 3 gears) to make the grade, and this horsepower that shows generation increases.
Embodiment 34
To from Santiago, 6 cars of Chile Bus Fleet have been tested the minimizing of diesel oil soot.The data of the opaqueness reduction of relevant diesel oil soot have been collected.The result is as follows.
Embodiment 35
4 kinds of vehicles of a plurality of mechanisms of belonging to the Dominican Republic have been tested efficiency increment in the km per gallon.The percent increments that data is provided below and has used the fuel dope front and back.Fuel is provided and delivered by single source of supply.
| Vehicle | Do not use the km/Gal of additive | Km/Gal behind the use additive | The % increment |
| DR1 | 30.17 | 35.11 | 16.37 |
| DR2 | 26.98 | 29.34 | 13.15 |
| DR3 (420 buses) | Average 6.85 | Average 8.59 | 19.90 |
| DR4 (52 buses) | Average 12.4 | Average 17.63 | 29.69 |
Embodiment 36---the BTU increment
ASTM?D-240
| Sample | Value (Btu/lb) | The % increment |
| Diesel?2 | 18345±5％ | |
| Diesel 2 with fuel dope | 20177±5％ | +10％ |
| No. 84 gasoline (Gasoline 84) | 19353±5％ | |
| No. 84 gasoline with fuel dope | 20715±5％ | +7％ |
| Kerosene | 17802±5％ | |
| Kerosene with fuel dope | 19496±5％ | +9.5％ |
| Ethanol | 17039±5％ | |
| Ethanol with fuel dope | 18787±5％ | +10.3％ |
| No. 97 octane value gasoline (Gasoline 97 octane) | 22273±5％ | |
| No. 97 octane value gasoline with fuel dope | 24154±5％ | +8.4％ |
Embodiment 37---the BTU increment
ASTM?D-240
| Sample | Value (Btu/lb) | The % increment |
| Gasoline?Reg. | 18104 | |
| Gasoline Reg. with fuel dope | 19639 | 8.4 |
| Gasoline?Premium | 18199 | |
| Gasoline Premium with fuel dope | 19049 | 4.7 |
| Oil fuel | 17865 | |
| Oil fuel with fuel dope | 18449 | 3.3 |
| Diesel?#2 | 18352 | |
| Diesel #2 with fuel dope | 19639 | 7.0 |
Embodiment 38---oilness
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is about 0.25 weight % in nineteen ninety for the mean content of sulfur of assessing the motorway diesel oil fuel early stage, and requires before 1 day October in 1993 this level is reduced to and be no more than 0.05 weight %.EPA also requires this diesel oil fuel to have 40 minimum cetane index specification (perhaps satisfying 35% maximum aromatic hydrocarbons level).The target of this regulation is to reduce the discharging of sulphate particle and carbon containing and organic granular.See also Federal Register, the 55th volume, the 162nd phase, August 21 nineteen ninety, 34120-34151 page or leaf.Low sulphur diesel fuel has commercial benefits with the technology that satisfies these emission requests.Means that satisfy these requirements provide a kind of low sulphur diesel fuel additive, and it can be used for the low sulphur diesel fuel environment is collected in the particle trapper of diesel motor with reduction the ignition temperature of soot effectively.But, the sulphur in the minimizing diesel oil has also reduced the ability of fuel lubricated engine parts, and for example, high-pressure pump and injector are exactly fuel lubricated.Therefore, reduce sulphur and increased engine scuffing.
A kind of HFRR of being of oilness test tests (the reciprocal trier of high frequency) method.According to government standard, the maximum lubricating value (HFRR) that allows is as follows:
Europe, India, Australian 460 μ m (ISO 12156-1)
The U.S. 520 μ m (ASTM D 6079)
For example, the oilness that records at 690 μ m shows that the wearing and tearing that rotor cotter way (rotor pin groove) and washer dish shell (washer disc housing) are located increase.
To the sample test of diesel oil fuel oilness.In all situations, because due to the interpolation of fuel dope (FA), oilness is improved.
| The diesel oil fuel source | Country | Sulphur | " ortho states " oilness | Oilness with fuel dope |
| BP | The U.S. | 8 | 0.539 | 0.465 |
| Texaco | The U.S. | 3 | 0.456 | 0.434 |
| Citgo | The U.S. | 56 | 0.555 | 0.495 |
| Shell | The U.S. | 9 | 0.406 | 0.373 |
| Exxon | The U.S. | 9 | 0.520 | 0.513 |
| Petrobras | Britain | 487 | 0.292 | 0.250 |
| Ipiranga | Britain | 566 | 0.374 | 0.340 |
| Texaco | Britain | 549 | 0.410 | 0.371 |
| Petrobras (biofuel) | Britain | 181 | 0.266 | 0.208 |
To it will be evident to one of ordinary skill in the art that under the situation of the scope that does not deviate from theme of the present invention, can change above-mentioned embodiment, perhaps can make the change of unsubstantiality.Therefore, the scope of theme of the present invention is determined by following claim and rational equivalent thereof.
Claims (19)
1. fuel additive concentrate, described fuel additive concentrate comprises: base metal nitrate; And organic solvent.
2. fuel additive concentrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described base metal nitrate and organic solvent form about solution of 5%～about 10%.
3. fuel additive concentrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described base metal nitrate is a lithium nitrate.
4. fuel dope, described fuel dope comprises: the described enriched material of claim 2, ratio are that 1 part of enriched material is to about 10 parts～about 11 parts of organic solvents.
5. fuel dope as claimed in claim 4, wherein, described organic solvent is selected from Virahol, methyl alcohol, ethanol, gasoline, diesel oil, biofuel, C1～C12 hydro carbons, C1～C6 alcohols and their combination.
6. fuel dope as claimed in claim 4, wherein, described organic solvent is ethanol or Virahol.
7. method of handling fuel, described method comprises: with the fuel dope that is selected from about 1 unit the ratio of the described fuel of about 3000 units～about 20000 units is added the described fuel dope of claim 4 in described fuel.
8. fuel composition, described fuel composition comprises gasoline and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
9. fuel composition, described fuel composition comprises diesel oil fuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
10. fuel composition, described fuel composition comprises biofuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
11. a fuel composition, described fuel composition comprises coal and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
12. a fuel composition, described fuel composition comprises rocket engine fuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
13. a fuel composition, described fuel composition comprises oil fuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
14. a fuel composition, described fuel composition comprises gasoline-alcohol mixture and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
15. the method for the running of a gasoline driven explosive motor that improves manual ignition, described method comprises to described engine provides the fuel composition that comprises gasoline and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
16. method of improving the running of diesel driven oil engine, described method comprises to described oil engine provides the fuel composition that comprises diesel oil or biodiesel fuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
17. a method of improving the running in boiler that coal drives or power station, described method comprises to described engine provides the fuel composition that comprises coal and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
18. a method of improving the running of jet engine, described method comprises to described engine provides the fuel composition that comprises rocket engine fuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
19. a method of improving the running of boiler, described method comprises to described boiler provides the fuel composition that comprises oil fuel and fuel dope, and described fuel dope comprises the base metal nitrate that is in the organic solvent.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US78640306P | 2006-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | |
| US60/786,403 | 2006-03-28 | ||
| US60/802,780 | 2006-05-24 | ||
| US60/820,736 | 2006-07-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101421378A true CN101421378A (en) | 2009-04-29 |
Family
ID=40631443
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007800114231A Pending CN101421378A (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2007-03-28 | Fuel dope |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101421378A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101968230A (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-02-09 | 韩郁林 | Preparation process of fuel oil with secondary atomization effect for burners |
-
2007
- 2007-03-28 CN CNA2007800114231A patent/CN101421378A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101968230A (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-02-09 | 韩郁林 | Preparation process of fuel oil with secondary atomization effect for burners |
| CN101968230B (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2015-11-25 | 北京时代博诚能源科技有限公司 | The burner fuel oil preparation technology having secondary-atomizing effect |
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