CN101421103A - 层压片材 - Google Patents
层压片材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101421103A CN101421103A CNA200780013343XA CN200780013343A CN101421103A CN 101421103 A CN101421103 A CN 101421103A CN A200780013343X A CNA200780013343X A CN A200780013343XA CN 200780013343 A CN200780013343 A CN 200780013343A CN 101421103 A CN101421103 A CN 101421103A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- laminate
- high tenacity
- ground floor
- layer
- yarn
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Images
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- Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种层压片材，包括第一层和附着于所述第一层的第二层，所述第二层包含高韧度纱线，其特征在于：所述第一层由选自金属、胶合板、固体热塑性或热固性聚合物以及包含碳纤维和/或玻璃纤维的复合材料的材料制成，并且所述高韧度纱线具有至少0.5GPa的韧度并以网格结构定位。该层压片材抗损伤并适用于空运容器的制造。
Description
本发明涉及一种层压片材(laminate)，该层压片材包含第一层和附着于第一层的第二层，所述第二层包含高韧度纱线。
这种层压片材从US 5180190可知。在该专利中，描述了一种用于运输液体的容器。该容器的器壁具有层压结构，包含基本形成容器器壁的第一层。在第一层的顶部附着有第二层，该第二层包含高韧度纱线和基体材料的织物。基体材料与纱线粘附并与第一层粘附。
第二层的目的是改善容器的抗损性。
已知的层压片材的缺点是抗损性不令人满意。特别地，如果层压片材被大的钝物击打，则损伤严重，原因在于织物大面积撕裂，也称为级联损伤(cascade damage)。这种损伤经常发生。例如，当装卸容器时，容器的器壁被叉车击打，这时可能发生上述损伤。通过击打器壁，叉体使各条纱线在经向和纬向上相继断裂，而且如果存在后续的层，这些层中的纱线也会断裂。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有改善的抗损性的层压片材。
令人惊讶地，上述目的通过以下方式实现：提供包含第一层和附着于第一层的第二层的层压片材，所述第二层包含韧度至少0.5GPa的高韧度纱线，其中高韧度纱线以网格结构定位。
本发明的层压片材的抗损性极佳。本发明的层压片材尤其抵抗级联损伤。
本发明的层压片材的另一个优点是其重量轻，因而十分适用于构造可移动的轻质结构，例如空运容器。
还令人惊讶地发现，与已知的层压片材相比，本发明的层压片材在被快速运动的物体撞击时具有较高的吸能性，快速运动的物体是指例如由于层压片材附近发生的爆炸或爆破而以高于40m/s的速度运动的物体。
此外，层压片材可以以各种设计方式制造，从而满足由期望用途所决定的所有需要。
第一层的功能通常是为层压片材提供刚度。因此，第一层的弯曲模量优选至少10GPa，更优选至少30GPa，甚至更优选至少50GPa，最优选至少70GPa。第一层可为金属，例如铝、含镁的合金等。第一层可为胶合板，优选桦木胶合板。第一层还可以是夹层结构或蜂窝结构。
优选地，第一层包含热塑性或热固性聚合物。因此，如果第一层由聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯或热塑性聚酯构成，则得到良好的结果。甚至更优选地，第一层由包含碳纤维和/或玻璃纤维和热固性聚合物的复合材料构成。这种热固性聚合物的合适实例是环氧树脂、聚氨酯树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂。最优选地，第一层由包含碳纤维和环氧树脂或乙烯基酯树脂的复合材料构成。本领域技术人员知道如何选择第一层的厚度、刚度和其它参数，以使其适用于期望用途。
第二层中的高韧度纱线的实例是包含芳族聚酰胺细丝、S玻璃细丝、高韧度聚酯细丝的纱线和包含超高分子量聚乙烯细丝的纱线。
包含芳族聚酰胺细丝的纱线例如以商品名KevlarTM和TwaronTM出售。包含高韧度聚酯细丝的纱线例如以商品名VectranTM出售，包含超高分子量聚乙烯细丝的纱线例如以商品名DyneemaTM和SpectraTM出售。
优选地，包含超高分子量聚乙烯细丝的纱线在第二层中用作以网格结构定位的高韧度纱线。这种纱线优选按照所谓的凝胶纺丝工艺制造，如EP 0205960A、EP 0213208A1、US 4413110、GB 2042414A、EP0200547B1、EP 0472114B1、WO 01/73173A1和Advanced Fiber SpinningTechnology，Ed.T.Nakajima，Woodhead Publ.Ltd(1994)，ISBN 1-855-73182-7及其中引用的文献所描述。凝胶纺丝被理解为至少包括以下步骤：从超高分子量聚乙烯在纺丝溶剂中的溶液中纺出至少一条细丝；将得到的细丝冷却以形成凝胶细丝；从凝胶细丝中至少部分地去除纺丝溶剂；在除去纺丝溶剂以前、期间或以后在至少一个拉伸步骤中拉伸细丝。合适的纺丝溶液例如包括石蜡、矿物油、煤油或十氢化萘。可以通过蒸发、萃取或蒸发与萃取途径的组合来去除纺丝溶剂。
用于制备细丝的超高分子量线性聚乙烯的重均分子量可为至少400000g/ml。
高韧度纱线的韧度优选为至少1GPa，还更优选至少1.5GPa，最优选至少2GPa。
在网格结构中，网格中相邻纱线的中心线之间的距离大于纱线的直径。这意味着在网格中的两条相邻纱线的表面之间总是存在一定的距离。优选地，阵列中的两条相邻纱线的中心线之间的距离等于或大于纱线直径的1.25倍，更优选大于纱线直径的1.5倍，更优选大于纱线直径的2倍，最优选大于纱线直径的2.5倍。因此，得到具有极高抗损性的层压片材。
纱线可以以各种方式在网格结构中定位。例如，可以制造具有网格结构的开口织物，然后将织物应用到层压片材中。另一种方式是制造网络。
甚至还可以通过制造包含高韧度纱线阵列的织物来制造高韧度纱线的网格结构，网格中高韧度纱线间的开口被其它纱线填充。
优选的是，以网格结构将纱线直接布置在第一层的顶部。
优选地，网格结构由两个或更多个平行纱线的阵列形成，阵列的纱线之间的角度大于0°，优选大于45°，更优选大于60°，更优选大于89°，最优选为90°。最优选地，网格结构由两个或更多个平行纱线的阵列形成。本领域技术人员知道如何制造和布置这种阵列。
纱线的纤度为800-35000dtex。
如果使用包含超高分子量聚乙烯细丝的纱线，则纱线的纤度优选为1000-18000dtex，更优选5000-15000dtex，最优选8000-12000dtex。以此方式，在抗损性与层压片材重量之间得到了良好的平衡。
如果第二层包含200-2000克/平方米的以网格结构定位的高韧度纱线，则得到良好的结果。优选地，第二层包含200-1000克/平方米、更优选300-600克/平方米的高韧度纱线。
如果第二层的厚度小于纱线直径的3倍，则得到良好的结果。优选地，该厚度小于纱线直径的2倍。以此方式得到抗损性很高而重量轻的层压片材。
包含高韧度纱线的第二层可以以多种方式附着于第一层。例如，第二层可被钉至或胶粘至第一层。优选地，第二层包含与纱线粘附并与第一层粘附的基体材料(matirx)。构成基体材料的合适材料的实例包括环氧树脂、乙烯基酯树脂或乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)。
根据本发明提供了一种十分优异的层压片材，该层压片材重量轻、刚度大且抗损性极高，包含第一层和第二层，第一层包含碳纤维和热固性聚合物，第二层包含含有超高分子量聚乙烯细丝和热固性聚合物的纱线。
第一层中的碳纤维优选形成织物。然而，碳纤维还可以以其它构造例如网格结构、毛毡或短碳纤维的形式排列。
优选地，第一层和第二层包含相同的聚合物。
本发明还涉及包含本发明的层压片材的构造体。
层压片材应用的合适例子包括雷达天线罩、液体运输罐特别是运输危险液体如汽油的罐。
优选的实例是包含本发明的层压片材的空运装置。合适的实例是空运容器和飞机货舱中的货舱衬里。例如在飞机转载货物的情况下，这种衬里保护飞机内壁不因货物碰撞内壁引起的撞击而损坏。
令人惊讶地发现，包含本发明的层压片材的空运容器具有提高的防爆性，即具有提高的对该容器内部或外部发生的爆炸或爆破的抗损性。
本发明的空运容器的另一个优点是，在防爆性与已知容器相同的条件下，重量轻得多。本发明的空运容器的另一个优点是，它可以容易地成形以与运输航空器内部匹配。此外，该容器与具有相同防爆性的已知容器相比，制造和维护成本更低。
优选地，网格位于结构的撞击侧。对于容器来说，撞击侧是指外侧。对于货舱衬里来说，撞击侧是朝向飞机内部的一侧。
附图进一步解释了本发明。图1示出了包含超高分子量聚乙烯细丝的纱线(DyneemaTM SK75，14080dtex)的图片，该纱线以网格结构定位。该网格结构是通过制造在经向和纬向上具有2.5条纱线/cm的开口平织织物得到的。平行纱线阵列间的角度为90°。
实施例1
将5280dtex的双纹
SK75纤维以双方向2.5束／cm的矩形对
称平网格形式排列。网格中两条相邻纱线的中心线之间的距离约为一条纱线直径的2倍，因此网格中的开口的尺寸约等于一条纱线的直径。使用标准的乙烯酯基树脂将网格与碳纤维织物结合形成平板配置。乙烯酯基树脂作为碳纤维织物和网格的基体材料。在固化乙烯酯基树脂之后，得到具有网格状表面图案的约3mm厚的刚性、薄且抗冲击的层压片材。该层压片材的重量约为1kg/m2。从层压片材切割出一块板，并安装到空运容器框架中。该容器装有600kg的物质，这些物质为通常模拟空运货物的金属块。中等尺寸的电动的双叉叉车从0.0米直至2.5米的数个距离以全速行使撞向该板。该板至少可以经受住从1.5米的距离形成的撞击。
当该板被叉车穿孔时，即使叉车提升载重600kg的整个容器，也无法将该孔撕裂得更大。
对比实验A
重复实施例1，但是使用SK75纤维的密织织物，而非
SK75纤维的双纹网格，该密织织物的航空密度(aerial density)等于实施例1中单位表面所含的
SK75数。
双叉叉车从1米的距离撞击，即已造成相当大的损伤。此外，在提升容器时，得到相当严重的级联损伤。
对比实验B
重复实施例1，但是使用厚度为0.7mm且重量为1.9kg/m2的铝板，而非层压片材。该板甚至不能经受双叉叉车从0.5m的距离的撞击。
实施例2
在21℃下，按照STANAG 2920的测试方法，使用1.1克的钢制碎片模拟弹(FSP)来测定实施例1的层压片材被子弹穿透层压片材的几率为50％时的速度(V50)和它的比吸能性(SEA)。在约21℃和约65％的相对湿度下处理约24小时之后，用柔性带将层压片材固定在在35℃下预处理的装有Roma Plastilin垫底材料的载体上。层压片材的面密度(arealdensity，AD)为1.3g/m2。
发现，V50为170m/s，在12.23J·m2/kg的SEA下。
对比实验C
对AD为2.1g/m2的F220质量(厚度为0.8mm)的铝板进行与实施例2相同的测试过程。
发现铝板的V50为110m/s，在3.17J·m2/kg的SEA下。
实施例1的层压片材和铝板的SEA值表明，铝板的防爆性几乎比实施例1的层压片材小4倍。
Claims (10)
1.一种层压片材，包括第一层和附着于所述第一层的第二层，所述第二层包含高韧度纱线，其特征在于：所述第一层由选自金属、胶合板、热塑性或热固性聚合物以及包含碳纤维和/或玻璃纤维的复合材料的材料制成，并且所述高韧度纱线具有至少0.5GPa的韧度并以网格结构定位，在所述网格结构中，网格中相邻纱线的中心线之间的距离大于纱线的直径。
2.如权利要求1的层压片材，其特征在于：所述第一层的弯曲模量为至少10GPa。
3.如权利要求1或2的层压片材，其特征在于：所述高韧度纱线包含芳族聚酰胺细丝、S玻璃细丝、高韧度聚酯细丝。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项的层压片材，其特征在于：所述高韧度纱线包含超高分子量聚乙烯细丝。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项的层压片材，其特征在于：所述网格结构由两个或更多个平行纱线的阵列形成，所述阵列的纱线之间的角度大于0°。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项的层压片材，其特征在于：所述高韧度纱线的厚度为800-35000dtex。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项的层压片材，其特征在于：所述第二层包含200-2000克/平方米的高韧度纱线。
8.空运用构造体，所述构造体包含如权利要求1-7中任一项的层压片材。
9.包含如权利要求1-7中任一项的层压片材的空运容器。
10.包含如权利要求1-7中任一项的层压片材的货舱衬里。
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| US6670291B1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2003-12-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Laminate sheet material for fire barrier applications |
| CN2471532Y (zh) | 2001-04-18 | 2002-01-16 | 沈阳防锈包装材料公司 | 一种增强型气相防锈膜 |
| PL200090B1 (pl) | 2001-11-10 | 2008-12-31 | Teijin Twaron Gmbh | Odzież odporna na przebicie |
| NL1021805C2 (nl) | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-06 | Dsm Nv | Werkwijze voor de vervaardiging van een antiballistisch vormdeel. |
-
2007
- 2007-04-12 CN CNA200780013343XA patent/CN101421103A/zh active Pending
- 2007-04-12 KR KR1020087027594A patent/KR101381444B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-04-12 ES ES07724187.5T patent/ES2625129T3/es active Active
- 2007-04-12 US US12/296,334 patent/US8158228B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-12 BR BRPI0709828-6A patent/BRPI0709828A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-04-12 WO PCT/EP2007/003246 patent/WO2007115833A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-04-12 EP EP07724187.5A patent/EP2086758B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-04-12 JP JP2009504641A patent/JP5196272B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-12 EA EA200802127A patent/EA013586B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107735247A (zh) * | 2015-10-02 | 2018-02-23 | 宝马股份公司 | 由纤维复合材料制成的用于机动车的车身面构件 |
| US11760060B2 (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2023-09-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Planar body component for motor vehicles composed of fiber composite material |
| CN109822931A (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-31 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种增强型天然纤维复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN109822931B (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-06-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种增强型天然纤维复合材料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2086758A1 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
| JP5196272B2 (ja) | 2013-05-15 |
| KR20080109082A (ko) | 2008-12-16 |
| WO2007115833A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
| EA013586B1 (ru) | 2010-06-30 |
| KR101381444B1 (ko) | 2014-04-04 |
| BRPI0709828A2 (pt) | 2011-07-26 |
| JP2009533245A (ja) | 2009-09-17 |
| US8158228B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 |
| EP2086758B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
| US20100159168A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
| ES2625129T3 (es) | 2017-07-18 |
| EA200802127A1 (ru) | 2009-04-28 |
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Application publication date: 20090429 |