CN1014123B - Compound shell-producing technology using silica-sol wash - Google Patents
Compound shell-producing technology using silica-sol washInfo
- Publication number
- CN1014123B CN1014123B CN 87105094 CN87105094A CN1014123B CN 1014123 B CN1014123 B CN 1014123B CN 87105094 CN87105094 CN 87105094 CN 87105094 A CN87105094 A CN 87105094A CN 1014123 B CN1014123 B CN 1014123B
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- coating
- ludox
- shell
- waterglass
- powder
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a composite technique for making shells from a silica sol coating material, which comprises: silica sol and bauxite or zircon powder are used as a coating material for the surface layer, a purpose-made intensifying agent is coated on the interface, a reinforced layer of the shell is made from a water glass and aluminum-silicon series mixture by using the corresponding dip coating technique, and far-infrared and hot air combined drying equipment is used, which comprises a drying oven, an air supply system, a far-infrared heater and a control system; the composite shell making is realized by using an intermittent semicontinuous drying method. The composite technique of the present invention can be used for obtaining high-grade fine castings with low cost and high efficiency.
Description
The invention belongs to the hot investment casting compound shell-producing technology using silica-sol wash.
Ludox is that water based adhesive is used in a kind of essence casting of high-quality, and with its coatings formulated stable performance, its shell high-temperature behavior is better than other binding agent, therefore, makes shell for the precision castings that obtains high-quality with it both at home and abroad.But Ludox coating dry solidification is very slow, has directly influenced the shell make efficiency.At present, solve Ludox coating drying means and have two kinds:
J, MLIBOBOUTON(Monsantoeuropes, A) etc. introduced hot-air seasoning, its rate of drying is lower, general about about 5 days of the shell cycle of system, every layer of minimum 2 hours of drying time (23 ℃～24 ℃, relative humidity 50%), aeration-drying is mainly used in the module that has an even surface, be easy to cause cracking for shaped piece, the general requirement of relative humidity must not be lower than 30～45%, is higher than 30 ℃ as baking temperature, and smart casting quality can not get guaranteeing.Also having a kind of is the far-infrared radiation heating, also unhappy with the rate of drying of its dry silicasol case.
Because using silica-sol wash system shell exists the problems referred to above, domesticly once to attempt by Ludox water glass composite shell production precision castings, this becomes the prior art approaching with the present invention:
One, certain station-service Ludox waterglass is made binding agent, carries out compound shell-producing with quartzy flour sand, but the silica flour wash deposition is too fast, is not suitable for producing in batches, and simultaneously, its elevated temperature strength is low.
In addition, Ludox-waterglass compound shell-producing also did in Shenyang Institute of Technology, but the SiC that they have used the source to lack at surface layer, usefulness be aeration-drying, effect is undesirable.
U.S. Pat 3,878,034 adopts the alternately process for making shell of sclerosis of acidic silicasol and waterglass, this process system shell speed is no doubt very fast, but the shell gel quality affects after the sclerosis not good (having the flocculation phenomenon), and holding in the shell has a large amount of moisture content, can't can only adopt expensive " dodge and burn " process for dewaxing to continue to strengthen shell with hot water or steam dewaxing.Thereby a large amount of wax materials is burnt mistake, and economic loss is very serious.
Purpose of the present invention is to improve the rate of drying and the coating gel quality affects of silicasol case, improves hot strength of investment shell, improves the precision castings quality, reduces production costs.
Content of the present invention: the employing Ludox adds the aluminium vanadine or zirconium English powder is done coating, preparation shell face coat, and the water glass coating prepares the reinforcing coating of shell.Also used three kinds of hardening agents to stop at the interface of composite shell and reduced salinity in the waterglass coating to the migration on investment shell intracavity surface.Improve the elevated temperature strength of interface and whole shell: adopt far infrared, hot air combined drying means dring silicon collosol coating.This combined drying equipment comprises: drying oven 1, supply air system 2, far infra-red heater 3, control system 4, main feature are to send into drying oven after the heating of cold wind heater via, inner lining of furnace with aluminium sheet as reflector, and adopt the semicontinuous drying means of batch (-type) to carry out automatic control, with the wet heat capillary transport that divides in the minimizing shell, and improve rate of drying.Fig. 1 is the drying equipment system diagram.
Top layer SiO of the present invention
2Particle diameter is 10～20nm, and concentration is 26～30% silicon sol: with proportioning is 1/4～2/3 270 orders with the bauxite powder of 320 order grating powder or 320 purpose zirconium English powder powders as refractory material.
Ludox and aluminium vanadine powder liquor ratio be 1: 2.5～3.0 or Ludox and zirconium English powder powder liquor ratio be: 1: 3.6～3.75.
Back-up coat is used M=3.2～3.5, and proportion is 1.3 gram per centimeters
3Waterglass, be 270 orders with granularity, proportioning is that 1: 4 aluminium vanadine is made refractory powder with the compound of gangue.
The powder liquor ratio of waterglass and refractory powder is 1: 1.1～1.6;
Any compound interface hardening agent in following three kinds of the dip-coating at the interface of two kinds of coatings:
WL
1, soluble glass of high modulus; The WLS Ludox; WL
2Silicate hydrolyzate liquid.
The Ludox coating adopts the hot air combined drying of far infrared, baking temperature 25-7 ℃; Air supply velocity 1-2 meter per second, 15～40%, three layers of later temperature of air-flow relative humidity can transfer to 30 ℃.
The using silica-sol wash proportioning is as follows:
Prescription 1:(used for refractory material aluminium vanadine)
Ludox and aluminium vanadine powder liquor ratio 1: 2.5～3.0
Surfactant (JFC or penetrant t etc.) 0.3%
Defoamer (n-octyl alcohol) 0.3～0.6%
Annotate: the aluminium vanadine uses 270 orders～320 order grating powders in the coating, and its ratio is 1/4～2/3.Surfactant and defoamer are pressed the Ludox percent by volume and are calculated:
Prescription 2; (refractory powder zirconium English powder)
Ludox and zirconium English powder powder liquor ratio are 1: 3.6～3.75
Surfactant (JFC or penetrant t etc.) 0.3%
Defoamer (n-octyl alcohol) 0.3～0.6%
Equally, surfactant and defoamer are pressed the Ludox percent by volume and are calculated, and the quality control index of above-mentioned two kinds of coating is as follows:
1, zircon flour coating viscosity should be controlled at 35～40 seconds
2, aluminium vanadine dope viscosity should be controlled at 30～35 seconds
3, be coated with extension property and answer even compact
4, pH value is in 9～10 scopes
Wherein dope viscosity is measured with φ 6～100ml flow cup, and unit marked with the trickling time " second ".
Shell back-up coat waterglass coating can add 0.2～0.25%(coating weight than) surfactant.Its quality control index.Mainly adjust the powder liquor ratio of waterglass coating with viscosity.Dope viscosity is 18～22 seconds (measuring with φ 6～100ml flow cup).
The sanding material of Ludox coating in the composite shell should be identical with the refractory material in the coating.Just, aluminium vanadine using silica-sol wash spreads aluminium vanadine sand, and zirconium English powder using silica-sol wash spreads zircon sand.Waterglass back-up coat sanding material can be used aluminium vanadine sand or bastard coal stone sand, and the high-temperature bending strength of this kind shell can reach 1000～3000N/cm
2(1200 ℃).
The Ludox of using silica-sol wash composite shell is coated with the number of plies and shell always is coated with the number of plies, should do reasonably to adjust according to casting weight, size and alloy pouring temperature, when casting dimension and weight are big more, or the alloy pouring temperature should increase the Ludox coating of composite shell and always be coated with the number of plies when high more.With regard to general precision castings with regard to the using silica-sol wash composite shell, determine the total coating of shell according to casting weight, size and alloy pouring temperature after, but top layer and back-up coat and relevant parameter according to the form below are determined.
Stucco baking temperature hardening temperature and baking temperature reach
Level coating type time time
(order) (℃) (℃); (branch) (℃); (branch)
1～2 Ludox
*50/,100 25～27
2～3 waterglass
*40,/70 20～25; 8 30～35; 30
4～6 〃 20/40 〃;10～12 〃;〃
6～7 〃 10/20 〃;〃 〃;〃
＞8 stuccos are 〃 again;＞12 〃; 〃
Adjust
*The superficial layer stucco should adopt with superficial layer coating in the refractory material identical materials.
*Sanding material can be used aluminium vanadine sand or bastard coal stone sand.
For size and the bigger foundry goods of weight, can formulate new compound shell-producing technology according to mentioned above principle.Last one deck of composite shell is the same with other shell, adopts and transfers rare coating to prepare confining bed.
Ludox of the present invention-one water glass composite shell also adopts three kinds of compound interface hardening agents to reach in the Ludox coating with waterglass coating interface place and soaks accordingly except that technology the Ludox coating solidifies except that carrying out with the hot air combined drying means of far infrared;
(1) WL1: soluble glass of high modulus
M＝3.5～3.6 PH＝9～10
Dipping process: wax-pattern is coated with carries out drying after hanging up properly the Ludox coating; When being dried to outer surface 10000K Ω, module is immersed in the hardening agent, stopped for 5 seconds and rotate it, take out dip-coating waterglass coating then.
(2) WLS: Ludox SiO
2Content 30% PH=10
Dipping process: wax-pattern is coated with carries out drying after hanging up properly collosol coating, when being dried to outer surface 10000K Ω, module is immersed in the hardening agent, after in 5 seconds, taking out, be coated with immediately and hang waterglass coating.
(3) WL2 silicate hydrolyzate liquid SiO
2Content 20% HCL=0.3%
Dipping process: wax-pattern is coated with carries out drying after hanging up properly the Ludox coating, when being dried to outer surface 10000K Ω, module being immersed in the hardening agent take out behind the five seconds, stop being coated with waterglass coating after 2～4 minutes.
Advantage of the present invention:
Advantage of the present invention is the new technology of the quick compound shell-producing of a kind of Ludox.The present invention adopts Ludox, waterglass compound shell-producing, and cost is low, and the precision castings quality is good, with far infrared, hot air combined drying, and adopts the semicontinuous drying means of batch (-type).Period ratio Ludox heated-air drying system shell side method required time with the method system shell reduces about half.Simultaneously, compare and also have significant superiority with the United States Patent (USP) process for making shell that alternately hardens: one, the silicasol case coating gel quality affects prepared with technology of the present invention is good, and total system shell cycle is unlike alternately hardening process is long; Its two, the process for making shell that alternately hardens when dewaxing wax material all burns mistake, and the recyclable repeated use of wax material among the present invention; At last, the present invention all uses waterglass coating at the shell back-up coat, has saved the acidic silicasol of large quantities of costlinesses than replacing hardening process.Be coated with special interface lowly with the obtained shell of hardening agent surface saliferous with technology of the present invention, the smart steel part quality of being cast is good, and surface roughness is Ra1.6～6.3; Dimensional accuracy is CT3～4 grade.The production cost and the sodium silicate shell of foundry goods are suitable.
Embodiment one
Produce the steam turbine stator blade with compound shell-producing technology using silica-sol wash.The used thickness of silica gel of system shell is 26～28%SiO
2, powder is the bauxite powder (270 orders～320 orders) of grating.The using silica-sol wash proportioning is:
Ludox and bauxite powder liquor ratio are: 1: 2.6～2.7
JFC 0.3%
＊
N-octyl alcohol 0.5～0.6%
*
(
*Calculate with the Ludox percent by volume)
(φ 6～100ml) viscosity are 30～32 seconds to the coating flow cup, and pH value is 10.Modulus of water glass M=3.46 in the waterglass coating, proportion 1.30.Refractory powder adopts bauxite and gangue compound, and its ratio is 1: the 4(weight ratio).Mainly adjust the powder liquor ratio by viscosity during the coating preparation, coating flow cup (φ 6-100ml) viscosity is 18～20 seconds.It is eight layers that shell always is coated with the number of plies.Shell adopts two-layer Ludox coating, all the other six layers of water glass coatings.Whole shell stucco is that two-layer Ludox coating is spread 50～100 order bauxite sand.The 1st layer of usefulness 40/70 order bauxite sand in the waterglass coating, the 2nd～4 layer of usefulness 20/40 order bauxite sand, all the other are with 10/20 order bauxite sand.
The Ludox coating of shell is carried out drying with combined dryer, and its relative humidity is 40%, 27 ℃ of baking temperatures, and hot blast speed is 2 meter per seconds.When the dry resistance of each coating appearance is 10000K Ω, about about 60 minutes of time.After the second layer Ludox coating drying, soak foregoing WL1 hardening agent.The waterglass coating adopts crystal aluminum chloride and ammonium chloride mixed hardening liquid to harden, and the hardening temperature first waterglass coating is 25 ℃, and all the other then are 30 ℃; Firm time 8～12 minutes.After the sclerosis of waterglass coating, drying coated next coating in 30 ℃ minutes again.After shell all has been coated with, parks after 12 hours and use the hot water dewaxing, dewaxing back shell was deposited 8 hours, 950 ℃ of following roastings two hours.Then, the shell 1Cr13 alloy liquid of coming out of the stove and watering 1600～1620 ℃.
With 17 grades of stator blade foundry goods of composite shell cast, its surface roughness is Ra1.6～6.3, and dimensional accuracy reaches international CT3～4 grade.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of Ludox-waterglass coating compound shell-producing technology adopts Ludox to add zircon flour coating and prepares the shell top layer, adopts the aluminium vanadine to add waterglass coating and prepares the shell back-up coat, it is characterized in that: top layer SiO
2Particle diameter is 10～20nm, and concentration is 26～30% Ludox; With proportioning is 1/4～2/3 270 orders with the aluminium vanadine powder of 320 order grating powder or 320 purpose zirconium English powder powders as refractory material.
Ludox and aluminium vanadine powder liquor ratio be 1: 2.5～3.0 or Ludox and zirconium English powder powder liquor ratio be 1: 3.6～3.75;
Back-up coat is used M=3.2～3.5, and proportion is 1.3 gram per centimeters
3Waterglass, be 270 orders with granularity, proportioning is that 1: 4 aluminium vanadine is made refractory powder with the compound of gangue.
The powder liquor ratio of waterglass and refractory powder is 1: 1.1～1.6;
Any compound interface hardening agent: WL in following three kinds of the dip-coating at the interface of two kinds of coatings
1: soluble glass of high modulus, WLS Ludox; WL
2Silicate hydrolyzate liquid).
The Ludox coating adopts the hot air combined drying of far infrared, baking temperature 25-27 ℃; Air supply velocity 1-2 meter per second, air-flow relative humidity 15～40%.
2, compound shell-producing technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: after determining the total number of plies of shell according to casting weight, size and alloy cast temperature, but top layer and back-up coat and relevant parameter according to the form below are determined:
Stucco baking temperature hardening temperature and baking temperature reach
Level coating type time time
(order) (℃) (℃); (branch) (℃); (branch)
1～2 Ludox 50/,100 25～27
2～3 waterglass 40,/70 20～25; 8 30～35; 30
4～6 〃 20/40 20～25;10～12 〃;〃
6～7 〃 10/20 20～25;10～12 〃;〃
＞8 stuccos readjust 20～25;＞12 〃; 〃
3, according to claim 1,2 described compound shell-producing technologies, it is characterized in that: adopted one of following three kinds of compound interface hardening agents:
WL
1: soluble glass of high modulus M=3.5～3.6; PH=9～10
WLS: Ludox SiO
2Content 30%; PH=10
WL2: silicate hydrolyzate liquid SiO
2Content 20%; Hcl=0.3%
4, compound shell-producing technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: adopt the dipping process of three kinds of corresponding compound interface hardening agents of hardening agent to be:
Hardening agent WL
1Dipping process: after wax-pattern hung up properly the Ludox coating, carry out drying, when being dried to appearance 10000K Ω module is immersed in the hardening agent, stopped for 5 seconds and rotate it, draw the immersion glass coating then.
Hardening agent WLS dipping process: the module that drying is good, immerse in the hardening agent, be coated with immediately after taking out in the five seconds and hang waterglass coating.
Hardening agent WL
2Dipping process: module is immersed in the forced fluid, take out in the five seconds, be coated with waterglass coating after 2～4 minutes.
5, the far infrared hot air combined drying equipment that is used for Ludox-waterglass coating compound shell-producing technology, it comprises: drying oven, heater, supply air system and control system, it is characterized in that: the drying oven liner is made reflector with aluminium sheet, and heater element adopts far infra-red heater.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87105094 CN1014123B (en) | 1987-10-12 | 1987-10-12 | Compound shell-producing technology using silica-sol wash |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87105094 CN1014123B (en) | 1987-10-12 | 1987-10-12 | Compound shell-producing technology using silica-sol wash |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1032503A CN1032503A (en) | 1989-04-26 |
| CN1014123B true CN1014123B (en) | 1991-10-02 |
Family
ID=4815183
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87105094 Expired CN1014123B (en) | 1987-10-12 | 1987-10-12 | Compound shell-producing technology using silica-sol wash |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1014123B (en) |
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-
1987
- 1987-10-12 CN CN 87105094 patent/CN1014123B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106345970A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-25 | 山西宇达青铜文化艺术股份有限公司 | Art casting silica sol and water glass compound shell making technique |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1032503A (en) | 1989-04-26 |
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