CN101411261B - Circular groove type dither seed metering device - Google Patents
Circular groove type dither seed metering device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101411261B CN101411261B CN 200810079673 CN200810079673A CN101411261B CN 101411261 B CN101411261 B CN 101411261B CN 200810079673 CN200810079673 CN 200810079673 CN 200810079673 A CN200810079673 A CN 200810079673A CN 101411261 B CN101411261 B CN 101411261B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an annular-slot type high-frequency vibration seeding unit, and overcomes the drawbacks of the prior small seed sowing machine caused by structural defects. The seeding unit comprises a machine frame and a seed box, wherein a seeding unit shell is arranged under the machine frame. The seeding unit shell has a seed inlet on the top, seed outlets at the bottom and a seeding shaft in the middle. The seeding unit shell is provided with seeding wheels. A fit clearance of the seeding unit shell and the seeding wheels is 0.10mm. Outer surfaces of the seeding wheels are provided with annular slots. Seed tubes corresponding to the seeding wheels one by one are arranged under the seed outlets. The seeding unit adopts a concentrated seeding mode to realize 'one-machine multi-row' seeding, is applicable to drill seeding and fine and small amount seeding of crop seeds with different grain diameters. The seeding unit has the advantages of improved seed filling and seed cleaning effects due to a high-frequency vibrator, smart and simple structure contributing the reduction of the weight of a seeding machine, uniform seeding, stable seed quantity, good commonality and good popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural mechanical field, be specially a kind of circular groove type dither seed metering device that is suitable for grass-seed, millet, Chinese sorghum, wheat, beans, seeding corn and other crops defective ejaculation amount seeding operation.
Background technology
At present; Known crop seed seeding unit comprises that broadcasting sowing seeding unit, strip sowing seed discharge device and point (cave) broadcasts the seeding unit three major types; Strip sowing seed discharge device comprises outer groove wheel, interior grooved pulley type, line disc type, conical surface type porose disc formula, centrifugal, oscillating rod type, spoon formula, pattern such as brush, and this type of seeding unit generally is applicable to the seed seeding of particle diameter greater than 3.5mm, is difficult to satisfy the seeding requirement of fine grain crops such as grass-seed, millet, broomcorn millet; Mainly show as: the fit clearance between the 1. above-mentioned seeding unit part is bigger; The fine grain seed gets in the movement clearance easily, causes the fragmentation of seed, even influences the operate as normal of dispenser; 2. broadcast the fine grain kind period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, the amount of broadcasting is bigger, causes the waste of seed on the one hand, causes follow-up thinning workload big on the other hand, often because thinning in time causes influencing crop yield a little less than the waste seedling of seedling, restricts its industrialized development; 3. the bad adaptability of seeding unit is not suitable for intertillage crop precision point sowing or bunch planting requirement like drilling formula seeding unit, and precision point sowing and hill-drop planter are not suitable for crop drilling requirements such as grass-seed, wheat etc., cause user's equipment investment big, and availability is low; 4. pneumatic types essences such as air-sucking type, air-sweeping type, pneumatic transmission formula are measured dispensers, and system architecture is complicated, and mating power is big, is not suitable for using with the minitype motivation machinery support.
In the early time, Chinese scholars had once been done many good tries to the technical barrier of fine grain seeding crops; The bigger characteristics of strip sowing seed discharge device discharge capacity as basis; Take " mixing sand " or " mixing dead seed ", carry out the way of mixed seeding, with the amount of broadcasting of the effective seed of relative reduction; Perhaps seed being carried out " pillization " handles; Implement sowing etc. again after strengthening its appearance and size, these technology all have application in various degree in actual production, but fundamentally do not solve the difficult problem of fine grain seed seeding.Therefore, carry out the innovation and the design of fine grain crop dispenser, have great importance satisfying to produce required and improve the mechanization technical merit.
Along with the continuous development of art technology, people have carried out many improvement to fine grain seeding unit structure, and for example this application people is 200610102322.2 at number of patent application; Denomination of invention is a disclosed improvement version in the patent application of " multiple-head, special-shaped and spiral cell type intensive seeding apparatus for small-sized seeds ", though with original compared with techniques, solved the seed breakage rate high, can't realize the sowing of defective ejaculation amount, complex structure and other problems; Made significant headway, but, still had some problems in actual use through facts have proved; Such as getting into the porch of protecting kind of district at seed by filling kind of a district, seed unnecessary in the groove is not forced constraint, plants clearly easily and injuring-free seed; But because interseminal interaction; Also maybe seed in the groove be taken away, cause Lou kind of a phenomenon, finally cause filling kind, seeding is inhomogeneous; In addition cooperating of helicla flute feed shaft and sleeve, because structural volume limit, can only realize the single file sowing, versatility is relatively poor simultaneously, only can be used for fine grain through replacing helicla flute feed shaft and sow, and can't satisfy the requirement of big seed material.
Summary of the invention
The present invention for the fine grain seeding unit that solves existing various types owing to there is the problem of different shortcomings separately in structural defective, a kind of circular groove type dither seed metering device is provided.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: circular groove type dither seed metering device; Comprise frame; Be fixed in the kind case of frame top, the frame below is provided with seeder unit shell, and the seeder unit shell top has and plant the corresponding seed inlet in case blanking port position; The bottom has sowing port, and the seeder unit shell middle part is run through setting and is bearing in the feed shaft on the housing through rolling bearing; Also be provided with in the seeder unit shell with its precision-fit and with the seed wheel of feed shaft assembling, the fit clearance of seeder unit shell and seed wheel is 0.10mm; The seed wheel outer surface has annular groove uniformly at intervals.The quantity of annular groove according to the invention and distribution can confirm that the annular groove cross dimensions can be confirmed based on the different seed of size, thereby can reach the seeding needs that satisfy different seeds through changing seed wheel based on feed mechanism for seed volume size.
Seeding mainly is divided into four processes: 1, seed falls into the seed inlet of seeder unit shell from kind of case, and along with the rotation of feed shaft, seed fills in each bar annular groove of the outer border of seed wheel under gravity and interseminal thrust, and this process is for filling kind of a process; 2, the seed in the annular groove is along with feed shaft rotates; During to seed inlet one side; The seed that relies on the seeder unit shell inwall will exceed the annular groove top layer strikes off, and only retains the quantitative seed in the annular groove, and this process is clear kind process; The clear kind is the key factor that guarantees the seeding unit service behaviour, and wherein Seeding Uniformity, seed consumption, seed percentage of damage etc. decided by this stage; 3, the seed in the annular groove gets in the enclosure space that is formed by seed wheel and seeder unit shell after clear kind is quantitative, and under the protection of seeder unit shell inwall, the seed in the annular groove is arrived sowing port by propelling movement, and this process is for protecting kind of a process; 4, at the sowing port place, the seed that is positioned at different annular grooves falls into discharging tube respectively under the effect of active force between gravity, centrifugal force and seed, and this process is the process of charging seed.In protecting kind of process; Seed receives the effect of power such as self gravitation, normal reaction, centrifugal force, frictional force and is in dynamic balance state; Seed in the annular groove moves to sowing port with the rotation of feed shaft, possibly cause seeding unit to stop up if in this stage seed, admix impurity such as cavings, handstone are arranged, therefore; Should note the selected of seed during except sowing; Suitable gap also is very important factor between seed wheel and the seeder unit shell, and the present invention is through test of many times, and the fit clearance that draws between the two according to different types of fine grain is 0.10mm; Stop up seeding unit to avoid the fine grain seed to get into the working clearance, also can avoid causing simultaneously hindering and plant.
When seed gets into the porch of protecting kind of district by filling kind the district, seed unnecessary in the annular groove is not forced constraint, the clear kind easily and injuring-free seed; But, cause Lou kind of phenomenon because interseminal interaction also possibly taken away seed populated in the annular groove groove; A side is fixed with link on the seed wheel according to the invention for this reason; Setting-up eccentricity formula dither on the link, opposite side is fixed with conductive plate and insulation board, is fixed with the slidding carbon brush that contacts with conductive plate on the seeder unit shell; Can be used for inserting power supply, dither adopts DC micromotor to drive.Adopt this structure, in the seeding process, can produce disturbance, improve to fill and plant and the clear effect of planting, and protecting kind of the tactic continuous seed flow of district's formation seed.
In order further to guarantee the perturbation action of vibration, to improve to fill kind and the clear effect of planting to seed in the annular groove, be connected through adjustable bolt, spring between said seeder unit shell and the frame, be connected through the sealing shroud that is flexible coupling between kind case and the seed inlet.
Between the seed wheel of seeder unit shell top and seed inlet below formed fill kind of district be with the seed wheel be the center of circle, central angle alpha be 40 °～45 ° with interior scope; Fill in kind of the district seeder unit shell side elevation along seed wheel rotation direction one side for scraping kind of a face; The angle γ that scrapes kind of face and seeder unit shell circumferential inner wall tangential direction is 90 °～100 °, the wound kind phenomenon that causes owing to the acute angle effect in the time of can avoiding planting clearly; Sowing port is positioned in rotational direction lag behind 20 ° position of seeder unit shell bottom minimum point, be convenient to seed flow controlled through the seed wheel rotating speed, the seeding district be with the seed wheel be the center of circle, central angle β be 30 °～35 ° with interior scope.This version helps seed flow systematic arrangement and not producing in protecting kind of district and is interrupted and flows automatically, and realizes the effective control to the seeding process.
Influence seed-metering performance in order to guarantee seed in protecting kind of process, can in annular groove, catching phenomenon not take place; The width of annular groove and depth dimensions are the maximum sized 1.2-1.4 of seed times on the seed wheel; Angle δ between the annular groove two sides is 20 °, and annular groove section configuration and size can require according to the seeding of different seeds to confirm.
Said sowing port below be provided with seed wheel on annular groove position discharging tube one to one, discharging tube can play drainage to the seed in the different annular grooves when discharging, guarantee that sowing is evenly.
For the effect in practical application after further proof seeding unit of the present invention is succeeded in developing, through national operating machinery on farm and the check of machine-processed small farm tools quality supervision and test center, concrete outcome is following:
| Sequence number | Interventions Requested | Standard, regulation | Assay | Individual event is judged |
| 1 | Each row discharge capacity uniformity coefficient of variation % | ≤5.2 | 0.7 | + |
| 2 | Total displacement stability coefficient of variation % | ≤2.6 | 1.2 | + |
| 3 | The sowing depth qualification rate | ≥75 | 88 | + |
| 4 | The seed percentage of damage | / | 0.1 | / |
| 5 | Seeding uniformity coefficient of variation % | / | 22 | / |
Remarks: individual event judges that "+" expression individual event assay is qualified in the hurdle; JB/T6274.1-2001 " grain seeder technical conditions " does not require seed percentage of damage, the seeding uniformity coefficient of variation index of millet.
Compared with prior art, the present invention takes to concentrate the mode of seeding, can realize " a device multirow ", and a seeding unit can be accomplished the multi-row seeding operation simultaneously, and through the precision-fit of seed wheel and annular groove and seeder unit shell, formation is filled kind of a district, protected kind of a district and a seeding district; Dither is installed on the seed wheel, and seed is produced disturbance, has improved greatly to fill to plant with clear and has planted effect, and in protecting kind of district, formed tactic continuous seed flow; The seed wheel rotating speed can be controlled the seeding process effectively, reaches the effect of drilling and half Precision Seeding; Through changing the different seed wheel of annular groove section configuration, not only can adapt to the defective ejaculation amount seeding of fine grain crops such as grass-seed, millet, clover, broom corn millet, vegetable seed, also applicable to the seeding requirement of big slightly seed crop seeds such as wheat, beans, Chinese sorghum, corn; Help reducing equipment cost and increase operation rate, and delicate structure, simple, can alleviate the weight of whole sower; Seeding is even; The amount of broadcasting is stable, and versatility is good, has good popularizing application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of seeder unit shell among Fig. 1
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 2
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of seed wheel among Fig. 1
Fig. 5 is the fundamental diagram of seeding unit of the present invention
Among the figure: 1-frame, 2-kind case, 3-seeder unit shell, 4-seed inlet, 5-sowing port, 6-rolling bearing; The 7-feed shaft, 8-seed wheel, 9-annular groove, 10-discharging tube, 11-link; 12-eccentric type dither, 13-conductive plate, 14-insulation board, 15-carbon brush, 16-adjustable bolt; 17-spring, the 18-sealing shroud that is flexible coupling, 19-scrapes kind of a face, 20-flow control board, 21-DC micromotor.
Embodiment
Circular groove type dither seed metering device, as shown in Figure 1, comprise frame 1; Be fixed in the kind case 2 of frame top; Kind of case 2 bottoms are provided with flow control board 20, and frame 1 below is provided with seeder unit shell 3, are connected through adjustable bolt 16, spring 17 between seeder unit shell 3 and the frame 1; Be connected through the sealing shroud 18 that is flexible coupling between kind of case 2 and the seed inlet 4; Seeder unit shell 3 tops have and plant the corresponding seed inlet 4 in case 2 blanking port positions, and the bottom has sowing port 5, and seeder unit shell 3 middle parts are run through setting and are bearing in the feed shaft 7 on the housing through rolling bearing 6; Also be provided with in the seeder unit shell 3 with its precision-fit and with the seed wheel 8 of feed shaft 7 assemblings, seeder unit shell 3 is 0.10mm with the fit clearance of seed wheel 8; Seed wheel 8 outer surfaces have annular groove 9 uniformly at intervals, sowing port 5 belows be provided with seed wheel 8 on annular groove position discharging tube 10 one to one; Seed wheel 8 one sides are fixed with link 11, and eccentric type dither 12 is installed on the link, and operating frequency is 2400～3000Hz, adopt DC micromotor 21 to drive; Seed wheel 8 opposite sides are fixed with conductive plate 13 and insulation board 14, are fixed with the slidding carbon brush 15 that contacts with conductive plate 13 on the seeder unit shell 3.
The present invention in the specific implementation; Like Fig. 2, shown in 3; The seeder unit shell internal diameter is 140mm, between the seed wheel 8 of seeder unit shell 3 tops and seed inlet 4 belows formed fill kind of district be with the seed wheel be the center of circle, central angle alpha the best be 42 ° with interior scope, seed inlet is a rectangular cross section; Fill in kind of the district seeder unit shell side elevation along seed wheel 8 rotation directions one side for scraping kind of face 21, the angle γ the best of scraping kind of face 21 and seeder unit shell 3 circumferential inner wall tangential directions is 95 °; Sowing port 5 is positioned in rotational direction lag behind 20 ° position of seeder unit shell bottom minimum point, and section is rectangular, the seeding district be with seed wheel 8 be the center of circle, central angle β the best be 32 ° with interior scope.In addition, in order further to optimize the seeding unit structure, easy for removal and installation, said seeding unit one sidewall is the movable sealing cover plate.
As shown in Figure 4, the seed wheel external diameter is 140mm, consider to change and with the requirement that cooperates of seeder unit shell; Adopt module design principle, the position dimension of all installation dimensions, fit dimension and annular groove is all consistent, and different seed wheel annular groove cross dimensions are also different; According to the seeding requirement, the annular groove spacing all is made as 16mm, first annular groove apart from the left side apart from 20mm; Guarantee the uniformity of each annular groove vibration parameters, satisfy the conforming requirement of each row discharge capacity.The width of annular groove 9 and depth dimensions are the maximum sized 1.2-1.4 of seed times on the seed wheel 8, and the angle δ between annular groove 9 two sides is 20 °, and when being millet such as sow, the width of annular groove is 3.5mm, and the degree of depth is 3.5mm; When broadcasting corn, the width of annular groove is 15mm, and the degree of depth is 15mm; When broadcasting wheat, the width 8mm of annular groove, the degree of depth is 8mm.
As shown in Figure 5, reflected the operation principle and the process of circular groove type dither seed metering device to be stored in the seed in kind of the case; Through flexibly connecting sealing shroud; Get into the grain weight that seeding unit fills kind of district by flow control board control, under gravity and vibration force effect, be filled in the annular groove of seed wheel.When seed wheel rotated, seed is brought into planted mouth clearly, through scraping the relative motion of kind of face and seed wheel; Wipe seed unnecessary in the annular groove off; Stay seed in the groove and then get into and protect kind of a district, the rotation systematic arrangement along with seed wheel progressively arrives sowing port; And get into discharging tube in order respectively, accomplish the seeding process.
Seed wheel is driven by chain drive through walking ground wheel, counterclockwise rotates, with control amount of seed metering and seeding process.Simultaneously, be fixed on the eccentric type dither on the seed wheel, through conductive plate, carbon brush power supply be provided by tractor generators and storage battery, produce dither, auxiliary completion is filled and is planted and clear kind process.
Claims (4)
1. circular groove type dither seed metering device; Comprise frame (1); Be fixed in the kind case (2) of frame top, it is characterized in that frame (1) below is provided with seeder unit shell (3), seeder unit shell (3) top has and plants the corresponding seed inlet in case (2) blanking port position (4); The bottom has sowing port (5), and seeder unit shell (3) middle part is run through setting and is bearing in the feed shaft (7) on the housing through rolling bearing (6); Also be provided with in the seeder unit shell (3) with its precision-fit and with the seed wheel (8) of feed shaft (7) assembling, seeder unit shell (3) is 0.10mm with the fit clearance of seed wheel (8); Seed wheel (8) outer surface has annular groove (9) uniformly at intervals; Seed wheel (8) one sides are fixed with link (11); Eccentric type dither (12) is installed on the link; Seed wheel (8) opposite side is fixed with conductive plate (13) and insulation board (14), is fixed with the slidding carbon brush (15) that contacts with conductive plate (13) on the seeder unit shell (3); Between the seed wheel (8) of seeder unit shell (3) top and seed inlet (4) below formed fill kind of district be with the seed wheel be the center of circle, central angle alpha be 40 °～45 ° with interior scope; Fill in kind of the district seeder unit shell side elevation along seed wheel (8) rotation direction one side for scraping kind of a face (19), the angle γ that scrapes kind of a face (19) and seeder unit shell (3) circumferential inner wall tangential direction is 90 °～100 °; Sowing port (5) is positioned in rotational direction lag behind 20 ° position of seeder unit shell bottom minimum point; The seeding district be with seed wheel (8) be the center of circle, central angle β be 30 °～35 ° with interior scope; Be connected through adjustable bolt (16), spring (17) between seeder unit shell (3) and the frame (1), plant between case (2) and the seed inlet (4) and be connected through the sealing shroud that is flexible coupling (18).
2. circular groove type dither seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is the maximum sized 1.2-1.4 of seed times that seed wheel (8) is gone up the width and the depth dimensions of annular groove (9), and the angle δ between annular groove (9) two sides is 20 °.
3. circular groove type dither seed metering device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that kind of a case (2) bottom is provided with flow control board (20).
4. circular groove type dither seed metering device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that sowing port (5) below is provided with and seed wheel (8) is gone up annular groove position discharging tube (10) one to one.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810079673 CN101411261B (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2008-10-27 | Circular groove type dither seed metering device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200810079673 CN101411261B (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2008-10-27 | Circular groove type dither seed metering device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101411261A CN101411261A (en) | 2009-04-22 |
| CN101411261B true CN101411261B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 200810079673 Expired - Fee Related CN101411261B (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2008-10-27 | Circular groove type dither seed metering device |
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| CN109496505B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2022-04-01 | 山东理工大学 | Precision seed sowing device for wide seedling belt sowing of small seed seeds |
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| CN114747340B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-09-05 | 哈工大机器人（合肥）国际创新研究院 | Seed sowing device of seeder |
| CN116889168B (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-12-05 | 安徽农业大学 | Electric heating type membrane-breaking hole device of hill planter |
| CN117084025B (en) * | 2023-10-19 | 2024-01-02 | 安徽农业大学 | Wheat spring-cold test seeding device |
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| CN86210543U (en) * | 1986-12-25 | 1987-12-23 | 黑龙江省农业机械化研究所 | Vertical feedcup wheel type seed sower |
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