CN101408397B - Intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system - Google Patents
Intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101408397B CN101408397B CN 200810227329 CN200810227329A CN101408397B CN 101408397 B CN101408397 B CN 101408397B CN 200810227329 CN200810227329 CN 200810227329 CN 200810227329 A CN200810227329 A CN 200810227329A CN 101408397 B CN101408397 B CN 101408397B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intrinsic-safe type electronic detonator initiation system. An intrinsic-safe type protective circuit is arranged in a control system of the detonator, comprising an anti-interference circuit, a low-voltage DC conversion protecting circuit, a surge protecting circuit and an insulation stabilizing initiation control circuit, wherein, the surge protecting circuit is arranged between an electronic detonator energy-storage capacitor and an SCM control circuit, the output of the surge protecting circuit is communicated to the serial interface of the SCM control circuit through a level shifter circuit and an MAX485 chip and the input terminal of the surge protecting circuit is connected with the output terminal of the energy-storage capacitor; the low-voltage DC conversion protecting circuit and a voltage-stabilizing protecting circuit are arranged between the energy-storage capacitor and the initiation circuit of the electronic detonator; and simultaneously the insulation voltage-stabilizing circuit is arranged between the energy-storage capacitor and an electronic switch of the initiation circuit of the detonator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system.
Background technology
According to International Electrotechnical Commission's definition of (being called for short IEC), intrinsicallysafecircuit refers under the experimental condition of regulation, the circuit that the electric spark that produces under the malfunction of normal operation or regulation and fuel factor all can not be lighted the explosive gas mixture of regulation.So-called intrinsically safe circuit is realized by the energy of restriction electric spark and two possibilities of fuel factor ignition source.Therefore, the design of intrinsic safe explosion-proof equipment must be started with from the restriction energy, voltage and current in the circuit is limited in the allowed band, with assurance equipment normal operation be short-circuited or the situation such as components and parts damage under the electric spark and the fuel factor that produce all can not cause hazardous gas blast that may exist around it.For general circuit, safe spark parameter depends primarily on voltage (U), electric current (I), inductance (L), electric capacity (C) etc.The electric capacity that electric spark is played a major role, the Energy suppression of inductive circuit and to fuel factor, i.e. the braking measure of the surface temperature of element, wire, outer metal housing had both become intrinsically safe circuit key to the issue to be solved.Intrinsicallysafecircuit is safest in the electric apparatus for explosive atmospheres, even because under nonserviceabling, it also can not set off an explosion, and is safe from " essence " namely, so be called essential safe type, is called for short intrinsic safety type.
Existing electric detonator detonation system generally is comprised of one group of electric detonator that detonator initiator and control are ignited, and usually adopts the mode of supply lines and order wire compound use between electric detonator and the initiator.Adopt storage capacitor to store control chip work, the required energy of point of amorce, make it only after the preparation of detonating (connection, detection, defer time setting etc.) is finished, just be in state to be detonated.Initiate quick-fried ready signal by initiator by order wire when detonating, initiation system cooperates the special-purpose equipment with specific coding program, and by the detonator of encoder identification diverse location, the sub-detonator of every generating has the ID code of oneself, has the electronic security(ELSEC) insurance function.On-the-spot firing order and the time delay interval set, or adopt the detonator of constant time lag time, the program of specifically detonating is set, in order to reach the explosion and crushing effect of expection, reduce vibrations, the sound and other harm.
Be provided with in the present invention storage capacitor, filter circuit and single chip machine controlling circuit, electronic switch and igniter in the intrinsic safety type electric detonator, thereby the break-make of single chip machine controlling circuit control electronic switch is to determine whether whether initial igniter work ignites electric detonator.Discharge current is mobile at the bridge silk of igniter head in the firing circuit in the electric detonator, utilizes exactly the heating to the electric bridge silk to produce ignition, and gunpowder ignites.
The following problem of electric detonator ubiquity of at present China's use, under some special occasions, can not reach the requirement of essential safety, such as having under the flammable explosive gas environment, all there be not good or ripe relating to the control of electric arc, electric spark and to the control aspect of element, equipment surface temperature.If just can effectively address this is that and introduce a series of essential safety means on the basis of ordinary electronic detonator, and practical, simple and convenient, promote easily.
China starts late to the research of essential safety technology and theoretical side, but development is very fast.The research of relevant essential safety theory is mainly concerned with the electrical discharge problem.The electric arc of intrinsicallysafecircuit, spark discharge belong to typical low energy discharge (the minimum ignition energy of regulation methane is 525uJ among the GB3836.4-2000, and the minimum ignition energy of hydrogen is 40uJ).
At present domestic and international researcher is for the research of intrinsicallysafecircuit, mainly for inductive circuit, and less to the research of capacitive circuit, reason has following several respects: one, contain inductive element in the practical intrinsicallysafe electrical apparatus, namely inductive circuit is comparatively common more; Its two, the disconnection of inductive circuit discharge is large on the impact of circuit essential safety performance; Its three, it is believed that the discharging law of condenser network can be obtained by inductive circuit according to reciprocity.Because there is larger electric capacity in the storage capacitor output, immediate current is very large and the duration is of short duration during capacitor discharge, and it has considerable influence to the essential safety of circuit, therefore is necessary the flash-over characteristic of capacitive circuit is further studied.
The intrinsic safety type circuit has the power supply restriction of following two aspects: 1. take measures to stop external interference such as electromagnetic interference, electrostatic interference, noise jamming etc. and be coupled in the electronic component by relay or photoelectric yield end; 2. limit overvoltage and the overcurrent of storage capacitor discharge circuit.
Storage capacitor in intrinsic safety type electric detonator voltage when discharge reduces gradually, and electric current also is an impingement pulse, suddenly increases first to reduce gradually again.This is unallowed in the electric detonator internal circuit, because dash current generates heat at electronic component such as transistor easily, thereby the shell temperature of detonator is risen, and must be suppressed.Can circuit be broken down cause electric detonator not detonate because crossing thermal breakdown when serious, but even now, our the lower electric detonator that also will guarantee to nonserviceable can not detonate by mistake, essential safety that Here it is.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system, it adopts a series of essential safety means, by used the intrinsic safety type circuit limitations storage capacitor discharge voltage of electric detonator and electric current in the essential safety scope, can be because of dangerous mists that ignites such as element heating or electric arc electric sparks, can not hinder for some reason yet and make detonator generation mistake quick-fried, thereby improved the security of electronic detonator blasting, especially be fit to mining or explosion under the particular surroundings of flammable explosive gas is arranged.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following design:
A kind of intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system, formed by detonator initiator and one group of electric detonator body that ignited by its control, igniter head of each piece electric detonator is connected in the detonator ignition control circuit, and sends out control signal by one chip microcomputer and control the igniting action.The internal main circuit part of electric detonator is the circuit with essential safety character, includes anti-jamming circuit, low-voltage direct translation and protection circuit, protective circuit of voltage regulation, surge protection circuit, isolation voltage stabilizing ignition control circuit, wherein:
Electric detonator is built-in with storage capacitor, between electric detonator storage capacitor and single chip machine controlling circuit, be added with surge protection circuit, the output of this surge protection circuit communicates through the serial line interface of MAX485 chip and single-chip microcomputer through the level conversion unit circuit again, and the input of surge protection circuit is connected with the output of storage capacitor;
Be added with low-voltage direct change-over circuit and protective circuit of voltage regulation between the electronic switch of electric detonator storage capacitor and detonator igniter head, the output of the input termination anti-jamming circuit of low-voltage direct change-over circuit is so that elimination electromagnetic interference and external disturbance etc.The input of the output termination protective circuit of voltage regulation of low-voltage direct change-over circuit is in order to obtain more galvanic current pressure;
Between the electronic switch of electric detonator storage capacitor and detonator igniter head, be added with simultaneously isolation voltage stabilizing ignition control circuit; in storage capacitor when discharge, is with the harmonic wave harmful to electronic component; behind surge protection circuit elimination clutter, the input of access detonator ignition control circuit.
The output of above-mentioned one chip microcomputer has increased the detonator signal line FIRE of control blasting cap detonation, the action of this holding wire control electronic switch.
Be the circuit with intrinsic safety character in the internal circuit of electric detonator as herein described, include storage capacitor circuit, anti-jamming circuit, low-voltage direct change-over circuit, surge protection circuit, isolation voltage stabilizing ignition control circuit.Wherein between the storage capacitor of electric detonator and single-chip microcomputer, to be added with surge protection circuit, the output of this surge protection circuit communicates through the serial line interface of MAX485 chip and single-chip microcomputer through level conversion unit again, and surge protection circuit is connected with the two ends of storage capacitor; Between the electronic switch of the storage capacitor of electric detonator and fuse lighter, be added with low-voltage direct change-over circuit and protective circuit of voltage regulation, after the storage capacitor discharge, through anti-jamming circuit, the input that connects the low-voltage direct change-over circuit, namely can be afterwards the operating voltage that one chip microcomputer provides low-power consumption behind protective circuit of voltage regulation, single-chip microcomputer is sent out the detonator signal line FIRE control electronic switch action of igniter again; Be added with simultaneously isolation voltage stabilizing ignition control circuit between the electronic switch of electric detonator storage capacitor and fuse lighter, this circuit is made of voltage stabilizing element LM317 and optocoupler isolator spare.
Surge mainly refers to the strong pulse of the moment generation of just discharge of storage capacitor, because the non-linear of circuit itself may have the pulse that is higher than power supply itself, perhaps because disturbing, the own or external spike that other parts are subject in power supply or the circuit is called surge.It probably makes circuit the burning out in a flash of surge, punctures such as PN junction electric capacity, and resistance blows etc.So it is exactly in order to stop the generation of this type of phenomenon that the present invention adds surge protection circuit.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention utilizes RS-485 communication protocol, has increased multiple spot, two-way communications capabilities, has strong noise inhibition, wide common mode range, longer transmission distance, conflict protection etc. to the very favorable characteristic of networking.Allow a plurality of transmitters to be connected on the same bus, increased simultaneously driving force and the conflict protection feature of transmitter, expanded the bus common mode range.The RS-485 bus adopts the form of balancing twisted-pair line, has greatly reduced extraneous interference, and 1219 meters of maximum transmission distances can satisfy the actual needs of explosion.
(2) the present invention utilizes surge protection circuit to come filtering harmful higher hamonic wave or pulse; thereby stop many bad reactions that clutter or harmonic wave cause (overvoltage that causes such as series parallel resonance, overcurrent, mechanical resonant etc.; thereby cause the harm such as overheated, insulation ag(e)ing, the electronic component losses such as capacitor, transistor are increased in addition because crossing thermal breakdown).
(3) add anti-jamming circuit effectively filtering noise interference, electrostatic interference and electromagnetic interference, and then access low-voltage direct conversion mu balanced circuit, the operating voltage 3.3V of low-power consumption is provided for single-chip microcomputer, reduce the current drain of digital circuit work with storage capacitor, improved the global reliability of detonator work;
(4) voltage stabilizing isolation ignition control circuit has been introduced effectively electromagnetic interference and the electrostatic interference in the filtering circuit of optocoupler isolator, the security that has improved electric detonator.The detonator signal line FIRE ignition control signal that single-chip microcomputer is drawn is controlled the break-make of electronic switch and then is controlled whole discharge circuit, has isolated the impact of static, has further promoted the safety in utilization of electric detonator.
(5) owing to have preferably essential safety safeguard measure, so that the application of this electric detonator is simple, safety, reliable, use occasion is more extensive, and use procedure is safer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is intrinsic safety type electric detonator way circuit control block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is intrinsic safety type electric detonator way circuit schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 3 is surge protection circuit figure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is anti-jamming circuit figure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is low-voltage direct translation and protection circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is voltage stabilizing isolation IGNITION CONTROL circuit diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Intrinsic safety type electric detonator of the present invention institute is improved to be part in the detonator, and initiator is still used existing type, and electric detonator group and initiator consist of initiation system jointly.Described one group of electric detonator is one piece at least, can be thousands of at most, or even tens thousand of are controlled by detonator initiator simultaneously.
Inventive point of the present invention is and can be improved the Iganition control system in each electric detonator based on the characteristics of existing all kinds of electric detonators, by increase arrange intrinsically safe circuit make electric detonator entire system performance more perfect, use safer.
As shown in Figure 1, the control system of intrinsic safety type electric detonator body of the present invention is comprised of storage capacitor circuit, single chip machine controlling circuit, anti-jamming circuit, low-voltage direct change-over circuit, surge protection circuit, isolation voltage stabilizing ignition control circuit etc.Wherein:
Between electric detonator storage capacitor and single chip machine controlling circuit, be added with surge protection circuit, the output of this surge protection circuit connects the serial line interface end of single chip machine controlling circuit again through the level conversion unit circuit through the MAX485 chip, the input of surge protection circuit is connected with the output of storage capacitor;
Between the electronic switch of electric detonator storage capacitor and fuse lighter, be added with low-voltage direct change-over circuit and protective circuit of voltage regulation, in the process of blasting cap initiation, provide stable low-voltage dc power supply to firing circuit.Be added with simultaneously in addition isolation voltage stabilizing ignition control circuit, storage capacitor discharges by behind the surge protection circuit, connects the input of ignition control circuit.
The intrinsic safety type electric detonator surge protection circuit mainly contains XTR106 (accurate voltage/current converter) and rectifier bridge forms.Input at accurate voltage/current converter XTR106 is incorporated the rectification bridge circuit into, and pincers are defended two ends that diode D1 is added in the output of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106, and to make voltage be safety level.The Vin+ of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106 links to each other with the input of RS-485 bus with the Vin-end, and 1,3 ends of electricity group bridge are attempted by Vin+ and the Vin-end of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106.Two non-linear element capacitor C 1 and C2 are attempted by the two ends of input voltage; The two Rg terminations of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106 enter certain value resistance R 5, and the drain electrode of FET Q1 is connected on the output V+ end of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106; At V+ and Io termination output resistance R6 is arranged, shunt capacitance C3 in parallel and pincers are defended diode D1 at output resistance R6 two ends.
The voltage stabilizing buffer circuit of intrinsic safety type electric detonator is made of voltage stabilizing element LM317 and optocoupler isolator spare, is the firing circuit of tie point duration and degree of heating electronic switch after the voltage stabilizing isolation.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 is the specific embodiment of realizing technical solution of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further details, should be considered as shown in the accompanying drawing exemplary, but not in order to limit patent protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is intrinsic safety type electric detonator way circuit schematic diagram of the present invention, is to be connected and composed by several formant circuit shown in Figure 1.
Intrinsic safety type electric detonator core of the present invention mainly is the minimum system that singlechip microprocessor forms, and the initiator of external control intrinsic safety electric detonator is connected by the interior one chip microcomputer of RS-485 bus and detonator (selecting C8051F series).The RS-485 bus adopts two wires (balancing twisted-pair line) mode, and two-wire system can realize real multiple spot two-way communication, and is the same with RS-422, and its maximum transmission distance is about 1219 meters, and peak transfer rate is 10Mb/s.Length and the transfer rate of balancing twisted-pair line are inversely proportional to, and below 100kb/s speed, just may use the longest cable length of regulation.The deficiencies such as traditional communication based on the RS-232 agreement is short owing to transmission range, speed is slow, signal easily is disturbed are so that the limitation of its application becomes increasingly conspicuous.And RS-485 communication protocol has increased multiple spot, two-way communications capabilities, has strong noise inhibition, wide common mode range, longer transmission distance, conflict protection etc. to the very favorable characteristic of networking.Allow a plurality of transmitters to be connected on the same bus, increased simultaneously driving force and the conflict protection feature of transmitter, expanded the bus common mode range.When single-chip microcomputer carries out 485 communication, must change level.Because between single-chip microcomputer and the peripheral hardware be the RS-485 network, monolithic pusher side signal is converted to the RS-485 level signal from Transistor-Transistor Logic level behind the MAX485 chip, therefore must convert the RS-485 signal to the RS-232 level signal again, and the two could correct communication.Adopt the DAC-8520 converter at native system, the RS-485 signal is converted to the RS-232 signal, this converter data transaction transmission speed is fast, and does not need the user that it is initialized and parameter modification.
Anti-jamming circuit in the circuit of the present invention, low-voltage direct conversion protection mu balanced circuit; especially isolating mu balanced circuit all is protectiveness circuit of restriction impingement electric current and voltage, prevents electromagnetic interference, electrostatic interference; noise jamming etc., these all are means of essential safe type.So-called intrinsically safe circuit is realized by the energy of restriction electric spark and two possibilities of fuel factor ignition source.For general circuit, safe spark parameter depends primarily on voltage (U), electric current (I), inductance (L), electric capacity (C) etc., the electric capacity that electric spark is played a major role, the Energy suppression of inductive circuit and to fuel factor, the braking measure that is the surface temperature of element, wire, outer metal housing had both become intrinsically safe circuit key to the issue to be solved, and the electric current in the circuit and voltage are the keys in the key.So general thought of the present invention is to guarantee the small voltage low current by a series of circuit and measure.
Therefore, when carrying out circuit design, should require the choose reasonable design according to characteristics and the design performance of circuit:
(1) control of maximum surface temperature (such as the shell temperature): during the design intrinsically safe circuit, must guarantee no matter its each several part element and wire are under normal condition or the malfunction, the temperature that its maximum surface temperature can not allow greater than temperature class under its service condition.So can adopt following measures to reduce fuel factor in order to control maximum surface temperature, thereby guarantee that damp avoids the blast that may cause because touching the hot surface that is higher than its natural temperature.
(2) to the selection of equipment inside conductor: will consider the heating temp of wire self during design, that is to say needs to consider that the wire maximum allows the electric current that passes through.Maximum allowed current according to wire is selected suitable with it wire diameter, also must consider simultaneously the minimum feature in the printed board.
If communication bus RS-485 distance; usually voltage deviation can occur; contain harmful harmonic wave in the level voltage; must remove; if because can cause many bad reactions with clutter or harmonic wave in the output voltage; the overvoltage that causes such as series parallel resonance, overcurrent, mechanical resonant etc., thus the harm such as overheated, insulation ag(e)ing caused, the electronic component losses such as capacitor, transistor are increased even because crossing thermal breakdown.And surge protection utilizes non-linear element to the holding circuit of the responsive design of high frequency (surge) exactly, and simple and commonly used is sized capacitors in parallel or series inductance etc.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of surge protection unit, and the two ends of RS-485 bus connect respectively Vin+ and the Vin-end of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106, and electricity group bridge is attempted by the two ends of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106.Non-linear element capacitor C 1 and C2 are the devices to surge pulse sensitivity, and another effect is also to can be used as shunt capacitance to reduce or eliminate external interference, and they are attempted by the two ends of input voltage.The two Rg terminations of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106 enter fixed value resistance R5, and the drain electrode of FET Q1 is connected on the output V+ end of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106.Make FET Q1 have time enough to be operated in the key that the variable resistor district is this surge protection circuit design before the conducting fully.For making control signal become high-frequency oscillation signal, obtain one by the low voltage V+ that uprises rising, the shunt capacitance C3 in parallel at output resistance R6 two ends, when signal was high level, R6 two ends resistance was almost nil, when signal is low level, shunt capacitance C3 charging, V+ rises gradually, until charging is finished, this moment, V+ raise gradually.The size that changes shunt capacitance C3 can change the speed that V+ rises, and also just changed the time that FET is operated in the variable resistor district, and this measure can effectively reduce surge current.Utilize pincers to defend diode D1 in this circuit and limit surge voltage, simultaneously, it is safety level that pincers are defended the voltage that is added in accurate voltage/current converter XTR106, utilizes the rectification bridge circuit of four diodes compositions in order to prevent backward voltage.
As shown in Figure 4, the anti-jamming circuit Main Function be reduce or eliminate in the circuit noise jamming, circuit or human body with electrostatic interference and extraneous electromagnetic interference etc.Non-linear element capacitor C 1 is the interference voltage of filtering input voltage, and non-linear element capacitor C 2 is the thermal noise voltage of filtering fixed value resistance R5 and the interference voltage of input voltage.The effect of diode VD1 be pincers defend triode VT1 base voltage in low level, C3, C4 and R6 are decoupling circuit, the impact between the front and back utmost point of isolation voltage prevents the low frequency self-excitation.MCS series special chip effectively reduces electromagnetic interference; VD2, VD3 are dual backward dioded; shield; R9 is the base pull-up resistor of triode VT3; base potential by R7, R9 capable of regulating triode VT3; make it have suitable duty, D2 is voltage-stabiliser tube, keeps the base stage of triode VT3 and the voltage stabilization between emitter stage.
Low-voltage direct switch voltage-stabilizing circuit such as Fig. 5 show that it mainly is comprised of overtemperature protection, overcurrent protection and three parts of mu balanced circuit.
Overheating protection circuit is comprised of R1, R2, VT1, VT2, VT3 etc.Because diffusion resistance has positive temperature coefficient, and voltage U between transistor base and emitter stage
BEHave negative temperature coefficient, in case component temperature raises, R1 and R2 resistance increase, and its voltage also increases, and pincers are defended triode VT1 conducting, voltage U
BE1Descend, pincers are defended triode VT1 electric current to be increased, I
C1Electric current flows through and makes its voltage rising very fast, simultaneously U
BE2And U
BE3Then raise with temperature and descend.Therefore, by VT2 conducting (under normal circumstances VT2 cut-off).The base stage of triode VT3 is just directly controlled in the VT2 conducting, the base current of triode VT3 is reduced, thereby reach the purpose of overtemperature protection.
Overcurrent protection mainly is comprised of VT4, VT5, R4, R6, R7, R9 etc.VT5 and VT6 are in cut-off state under normal circumstances, in case when output current increases, will increase by the voltage of R9, make the VT5 conducting, and the electric current that will inject VT7 shunts through R4, force output current decline.Because the voltage on the R4 increases VT4 also with conducting, shunt again the collector current of VT2 simultaneously, output current is descended, thereby reached the purpose of overcurrent protection.
Mu balanced circuit mainly is comprised of VT8, VT9, R12, R13, R14, R16, R17 etc.If do not meet R14, when input adds unsettled input voltage Ui, do not have path owing to adjust pipe VT8 base stage stream, so transistor VT8 is in cut-off state, whole circuit is not worked.R14 plays start-up circuit.If access resistance R 14, when circuit had unstable input voltage, its job order was as follows:
Input voltage Ui anode, on the one hand electric current flow to the negative terminal of Ui by R12, R14, on the other hand by the emitter-base bandgap grading of VT8 through R14, flow to the negative terminal of Ui, and produce base current I
B8With collector current I
C8The two ends of sample resistance R16 and R17 are output voltage, and triode VT9 has base current I
B9, collector current I
C9Produce.Can draw relational expression I thus
R13+ I
B8=I
C9+ I
R14
I wherein
C9Controlled by output voltage U o, work as I
C9When reducing, I
B8Also reduce, work as I
C9During increase, I
B8Also increase, i.e. I
C9Can control I
B8Remove again to control Uo, to reach the purpose of voltage stabilizing.When output voltage is unstable, following adjustment process will occur: if output voltage reduces, U then
B9And U
E9All reduce, and latter's variable quantity is greater than the former, because the dynamic electric resistor of diode VD1 is little.U
BE9Increase base current I
B9Increase, so colelctor electrode I
C9Become large, again so that I
B8Become large, base stage I
B8Variation cause again colelctor electrode I
C9Become large, finally cause again output voltage U o to raise, therefore can make output keep stable.
When the output voltage short circuit, amplifier tube and reference circuit exceed working range, the VT9 cut-off, thereby make the VT8 cut-off, resistance R 12 just can realize the function of overload protection.For example, to positive voltage of E8 point, as long as the current potential that the current potential of E8 is ordered than B2 is high, VT9 is cut-off just by R12 for input voltage, and the resistance of adjustment R12 just can be controlled the protection value of overload.
Voltage stabilizing element LM317, regulation output voltage is 3.3V, makes single-chip microcomputer be operated in low energy consumption operation mode to reduce the power consumption of circuit.
Voltage stabilizing buffer circuit (referring to Fig. 6) is the pith in the intrinsically safe circuit, and effect is that current/voltage is limited in certain little scope, but can also make igniter energy ignition operation.Non-linear element capacitor C 1 is attempted by the two ends of input voltage, non-linear element capacitor C 1 one termination signal grounds, and other end connection clamp is defended diode D1, and pincers are defended the effect that diode D1 can play buffer voltagc.Non-linear element capacitor C 1 can reduce or eliminate outside interference as the shunt capacitance of access mu balanced circuit in the circuit, pincers are defended the two ends that diode D1 is attempted by three-terminal voltage-stabilizing element LM317, suitably increase and reduce electric capacity two ends dangerous voltage when 2 internal resistances of non-linear element capacitor C can make storage capacitor release energy.Allow non-linear element capacitor C 2 so just limit discharge energy by discharging behind the current-limiting resistance R2, can prevent from discharging overvoltage.At the ground connection termination shunt capacitance C3 of three terminal regulator, and make another termination signal ground of shunt capacitance C3.The base earth of the triode of photoelectrical coupler, colelctor electrode are connected and fixed resistance R 3 and rheostat R4.Load RL and electronic switch igniter connect into a loop, are carved at a time by programme controlled timer and send detonator signal line FIRE pulse enable signal electronic switch closes and namely consist of the loop, and storage capacitor releases energy, igniter igniting blasting electric detonator.
The output voltage of three terminal regulator output adjustable voltage stabilizer is at 1.2V～37V, and output current is at 10mA-500mA.R1 and variable resistor Rp form output adjustable resistance network among the figure, and bias current is absorbed with the leakage current of adjusting pipe in the circuit in order to make, and setting R1 is 120～240 Ω, and the electric current of releasing by R1 is 5～10mA.The effect of non-linear element capacitor C 1 is for the inhibition ripple voltage, when non-linear element capacitor C 1 is 10 μ F, can improve Ripple Suppression than 15db, and shunt capacitance C3 is used for shock absorbing, and the shock absorbing electric current guarantees that circuit working is stable.Because external output nonlinear element capacitor C 2; easily capacitor discharge occuring and damages voltage-stablizer; then need be connected to protection diode VD1; when 2 discharge of non-linear element capacitor C; diode VD1 conducting pincers are defended; voltage-stablizer is protected, and VD2 is in order to prevent and treat adjustable side shunt capacitance C3 when discharge protection diode when damaging voltage-stablizer.But use influencing each other of optocoupler isolator spare establishment front and back circuit, the especially heating of igniter head electric bridge silk, and the generation of energy establishment static, static is danger close in detonator.
Discharge current is mobile at the bridge silk of electric detonator in the firing circuit, utilizes exactly the heating to the bridge silk to produce ignition, and gunpowder ignites.But in actual applications, must note the impact of static, because the static of moment can produce several kilovolts to tens kilovolts super-pressure, make the rapid heating of bridge silk and light gunpowder, thereby cause the mistake blast of electric detonator.So under payment to a porter-housing discharge type, the electrostatic potential that forms between payment to a porter and housing may puncture the air-gap between payment to a porter and match board head and shell and discharge.After being coated with conductive paint outside the igniting head, formed certain electrostatic leakage passage between payment to a porter and igniting head and housing, when the electrostatic potential between payment to a porter and housing was not too high, static was released by conductive paint.When only between payment to a porter and housing, forming suddenly very high electrostatic potential and conductive paint and being not enough to immediately static electricity discharge. could puncture the air-gap that payment to a porter and igniting head and housing are asked, formation electrostatic spark and then may cause detonator and miss quick-fried.So the match board head parts are coated with the antistatic effect that conductive paint can improve detonator to a certain extent.
The present invention not only has above-mentioned safety measure, has also increased the detonator signal line FIRE of Single-chip Controlling blasting cap detonation in control circuit, this holding wire connecting electronic switch.Electronic switch is comprised of the electronic component of the classes such as triode, and triode ends under the normal condition, makes its conducting when detonator signal line FIRE sends high level, and at this moment, discharge circuit is connected, and firing circuit is started working, and then adds heat bridge silk detonating primer.And circuit disconnects before detonator signal line FIRE sends high level, even there is high-pressure electrostatic also can not pass to the first side of igniting, so the present invention has improved the security of electronic detonator blasting greatly.
Claims (8)
1. intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system is comprised of detonator initiator and one group of electric detonator body that ignited by its control, and igniter head of each piece electric detonator is connected in the detonator ignition control circuit, and sends out control signal by one chip microcomputer and control; It is characterized in that:
The internal main circuit of electric detonator is the circuit with essential safety character, includes anti-jamming circuit, low-voltage direct translation and protection circuit, protective circuit of voltage regulation, surge protection circuit, isolation voltage stabilizing ignition control circuit, wherein:
Between electric detonator storage capacitor and single chip machine controlling circuit, be added with surge protection circuit, the output of this surge protection circuit communicates through the serial line interface of MAX485 chip and serial line interface single-chip microcomputer through the level conversion unit circuit again, and the input of surge protection circuit is connected with the output of storage capacitor;
Between the electronic switch of electric detonator storage capacitor and fuse lighter, be added with low-voltage direct change-over circuit and protective circuit of voltage regulation, the output of the input termination anti-jamming circuit of low-voltage direct change-over circuit, the input of its output termination protective circuit of voltage regulation;
Be added with simultaneously isolation voltage stabilizing ignition control circuit between the electronic switch of electric detonator storage capacitor and fuse lighter, storage capacitor discharges by behind the surge protection circuit, connects the input of ignition control circuit.
2. intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the output of one chip microcomputer has increased the detonator signal line (FIRE) of control blasting cap detonation, this holding wire control electronic switch.
3. intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described surge protection circuit comprises one accurate voltage/current converter (XTR106), its Vin+ links to each other with the input of RS-485 bus with the Vin-end, and 1,3 ends of electricity group bridge are attempted by Vin+ and the Vin-end of accurate voltage/current converter (XTR106); Two non-linear element electric capacity (C1 and C2) are attempted by the two ends of input voltage; Two Rg terminations of accurate voltage/current converter (XTR106) enter fixed value resistance (R5), and the drain electrode of FET (Q1) is connected on the output V+ end of accurate voltage/current converter XTR106; At V+ and Io termination output resistance (R6) is arranged, shunt capacitance (C3) in parallel and pincers are defended diode (D1) at output resistance (R6) two ends again.
4. intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the input at accurate voltage/current converter (XTR106) is incorporated the rectification bridge circuit into, and pincers are defended two ends that diode (D1) is added in accurate voltage/current converter (XTR106) output, and to make voltage be safety level.
5. intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described RS-485 bus is connected with one chip microcomputer in the electric detonator, adopts the communication of RS-485 communication protocol, and RS-485 bus employing balancing twisted-pair line mode is transmitted.
6. intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described low-voltage direct change-over circuit and protective circuit of voltage regulation comprise overtemperature protection, overcurrent protection and three element circuits of mu balanced circuit.
7. intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described isolation voltage stabilizing ignition control circuit is that voltage stabilizing element and the optocoupler isolator spare of LM317 consists of by model.
8. intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described anti-jamming circuit is comprised of triode cascode polar circuit, and described protective circuit of voltage regulation is that the voltage stabilizing element of LM117 forms by model.
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| CN 200810227329 CN101408397B (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2008-11-26 | Intrinsic safety type electric detonator detonation system |
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| CN105937863B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-09-12 | 深圳炎泰丰华科技有限公司 | The communicating circuit and the means of communication of a kind of electric detonator |
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| CN114791247B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-09-29 | 上海芯飏科技有限公司 | Electronic detonator delay system and method |
| CN115597447B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-07-21 | 山西宸润隆科技有限责任公司 | Electronic detonator without initiating explosive controlled by high-voltage digital circuit integrated chip |
| CN115289924B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-02 | 上海芯飏科技有限公司 | System, method, equipment and medium for improving antistatic interference capability of electronic detonator |
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