CN101403610B - System and method for measuring leather area based on digital image method - Google Patents
System and method for measuring leather area based on digital image method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101403610B CN101403610B CN2008102321228A CN200810232122A CN101403610B CN 101403610 B CN101403610 B CN 101403610B CN 2008102321228 A CN2008102321228 A CN 2008102321228A CN 200810232122 A CN200810232122 A CN 200810232122A CN 101403610 B CN101403610 B CN 101403610B
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Abstract
The invention provides a leather area measuring system and a method based on a digital image method, which comprises a CCD video camera connected with an image acquisition device lens, the CCD video camera is connected with an image collection card and a computer; the measurement steps comprise: first, calibrating the system to gain the system pixel equivalent Epsilon, and the practical dimension represented by unit pixel, second, obtaining the gray image of the leather to be measured, third, denoising the gray image, fourth, converting the gray image to a binary image using an iterative threshold method, and separating the object from the background area, fifth, denoising the image for a second time, sixth, processing a leather image by a vector analysis method, and obtaining the edge outline and the pixel number of the object area, and seventh, calculating the leather area to be measured. The invention has the advantages of low cost, non-contact, high measuring precision, and convenient industrial use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the leather area field of measuring technique, particularly a kind of system and method thereof of measuring leather area based on digital image method.
Background technology
In the leather goods preparation process, leather if do not have area measurement instrument and equipment fast and accurately, can produce bigger error in the preparation process of leather goods by the area valuation, in the leather transaction, can cause the side economic loss to a certain extent of concluding the business equally.
Measuring leather area at present widely used is leather measurer, and this instrument is made up of photoelectric switching circuit and a series of integrated circuit, and its measuring principle is with the leather differential, adds up summation then.Be about to leather and be divided into equal-sized one by one unit area, the height that utilizes photoelectric switching circuit that having or not of leather is converted to level then is " 1 " or " 0 ".Computing machine scans detection to leather, and the output level of recording light power conversion circuit is sent the totalizer summation to.Like this, the area of leather just is converted into the summation of unit area, according to certain transformational relation, just can obtain the real area of leather.Obviously, unit area is divided more for a short time, and the area of measurement just approaches actual value more.But unit area is divided more for a short time, and difficulty is also big more, in fact is difficult to the precision that reaches desirable.This instrument cost height, measuring accuracy are low, relative error 〉=3%, and complicated operation will repeatedly be calibrated instrument with on-gauge plate before measuring, and can not continuous coverage, is not easy to the industrialization use.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes and a kind ofly measure the system and the method thereof of leather area based on digital image method, have measurement untouchable, cost is low, advantage of high precision.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of system of measuring leather area based on digital image method, include the image capture device camera lens, the rear end of image capture device camera lens links to each other with the front end of ccd video camera, and the rear end of ccd video camera is connected with image pick-up card, and image acquisition is installed in the computing machine.
A kind of method based on digital image method measurement leather area comprises the steps:
The first step is demarcated system, promptly with system the size of a known geometric parameter object is measured, and obtains the pixel equivalent ε of system, obtains the physical size of unit picture element representative.
Second step, with the image capture device camera lens leather to be measured is carried out imaging, the image that obtains is imported computing machine by ccd video camera and image pick-up card, obtain the image of leather to be measured.
The 3rd step, to the image of the leather that obtains, in computing machine, adopt Filtering Processing in the image processing algorithm to signal denoising, reduce picture noise.
In the 4th step, image is carried out enhancement process.Because the leather image is a kind of full texture image, so must eliminate the influence of leather texture when handling, simple effective method is sought a threshold value exactly leather image-region and background area is distinguished.The present invention utilizes the iteration threshold method that gray level image is converted into bianry image, and leather image and background are made a distinction.
In the 5th step, the image after the binaryzation is carried out second denoising, the isolated noise point in the removal target area and the bur at leather edge.Owing to many irregular projections are arranged on the leather image boundary, promptly so-called " bur ", and borderline " bur " can't use because area is too small, therefore bur removed when handling as far as possible; In addition because leather-grain is smooth, so will inevitably produce reflectively owing to uneven illumination in obtaining the process of image, can there be noise spot in the bianry image inside that obtains after causing utilizing the iteration threshold method to be handled, therefore will carry out second denoising.
In the 6th step,, utilize time-vector method that the leather image is handled through after the above-mentioned processing.Specifically comprise the steps: the border tracking, with frontier point label and record dependent vector; The border punctuate is by rearrangement counterclockwise; Judge by the ascending pointwise of ordering whether work as the fore boundary point right pixel satisfies the condition of putting in the frontier point,, judge next frontier point if do not satisfy then continuation if satisfy then computation bound interior pixel; Judge whether that all frontier points have all judged,, then carry out area calculating if all judged, otherwise the continuation judgement.Because the leather image mostly is the irregular image of contour area, the edge contour that utilizes this method to access to obtain desirable target area simultaneously and the pixel count of target area.
In the 7th step, according to computing formula: D=ε * N calculates leather area to be measured.Wherein, D is the geometric parameter of leather to be measured, N=B/2+IB is the pixel number of the leather object to be measured that records, ε=S/M is the pixel equivalent of system, wherein B is the boundary pixel number of object, IB is an object boundary interior pixel sum, and S is for demarcating the geometric parameter of object, and M is the pixel number of the demarcation object that records.
The present invention adopts based on digital image method Measuring Object surface area, this measuring system by optical system to the physical dimension of measured object with certain, multiplying power images on the CCD photosurface accurately, the A/D conversion is carried out in the output of CCD, being sent to computing machine then handles to realize measurement, can be implemented in the noncontact environment area and measure, have that cost is low, noncontact, measuring accuracy height, be convenient to the characteristics that industrialization is used leather.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system diagram that digital image method of the present invention is measured leather area.
Fig. 2 is a Flame Image Process process flow diagram of the present invention.
The process flow diagram that Fig. 3 handles the leather image for time-vector method of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings measuring system of the present invention and method thereof are described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of system based on digital image method measurement leather area includes image capture device camera lens 1, and the rear end of image capture device camera lens 1 links to each other with the front end of ccd video camera 2, the rear end of ccd video camera 2 is connected with image pick-up card 3, and image pick-up card 3 is contained in the computing machine 4.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, a kind of method based on digital image method measurement leather area comprises the steps:
The first step, system is demarcated, promptly utilize this system that a known object of geometric parameter S is measured, obtain representing the pixel count M of its parameter, utilize formula ε=S/M to calculate the pixel equivalent ε of system then, obtain the physical size of unit picture element representative.
Second step, carry out imaging with 1 pair of leather 5 to be measured of image capture device camera lens, the image that obtains is imported computing machines 4 by ccd video camera 2 and image pick-up card 3, obtain the image of leather 5 to be measured.
The 3rd step, in computing machine, adopt the image denoising of medium filtering processing in the image processing algorithm to obtaining, reduce picture noise.
In the 4th step, image is carried out enhancement process.Because the leather image is a kind of full texture image, so when handling, must eliminate the influence of leather texture, simple effective method is sought a threshold value exactly leather image-region and background area is distinguished, gray-scale value greater than threshold value in the image is made as 1, is made as 0 less than the gray-scale value of threshold value.Adopt the iteration threshold method to reach this purpose among the present invention.
In the 5th step, the image after the binaryzation is carried out second denoising, the isolated noise point in the removal target area and the bur at leather edge.Owing to many irregular projections are arranged on the leather image boundary, promptly so-called " bur ", and borderline " bur " can't use because area is too small, therefore bur removed when handling as far as possible; In addition because leather-grain is smooth, so will inevitably produce reflectively owing to uneven illumination in obtaining the process of image, can there be noise spot in the bianry image inside that obtains after causing utilizing the iteration threshold method to be handled.In order to remove these noises, adopt following method among the present invention: to each pixel, judge number of pixels different in its eight field,, then it is considered as noise spot, give opposite gray-scale value this point if greater than half with its gray-scale value, on the contrary constant.
The 6th step, through after the above-mentioned processing, utilize time-vector method that the leather image is handled, specifically comprise the steps: the border tracking, i.e. frontier point label and record dependent vector; The border punctuate is by rearrangement counterclockwise; Judge by the ascending pointwise of ordering whether work as the fore boundary point right pixel satisfies the condition of putting in the frontier point,, judge next frontier point if do not satisfy then continuation if satisfy then computation bound interior pixel; Judge whether that all frontier points have all judged,, then carry out area calculating if all judged, otherwise the continuation judgement.Because the leather image mostly is the irregular image of contour area, utilizes this method can obtain the edge contour of desirable target area and the pixel count of target area simultaneously.
In the 7th step, according to computing formula: D=ε * N calculates leather area to be measured.Wherein, D is the geometric parameter of leather to be measured, N=B/2+IB is the pixel number of the leather object to be measured that records, ε=S/M is the pixel equivalent of system, wherein B is the boundary pixel number of object, IB is an object boundary interior pixel sum, and S is for demarcating the geometric parameter of object, and M is the pixel number of the demarcation object that records.
Embodiment one
A kind of method based on digital image method measurement leather area comprises the steps:
The first step is chosen a known area S=1135mm
2Round object, utilize this system that it is carried out calibration measurements, average through 5 measurements, obtain its pixel count M=19452, utilize formula ε=S/M to calculate the pixel equivalent ε=0.058348755911988mm of this system then
2/ pixel.
Second step was 1620mm with 1 pair of area of image capture device camera lens
2Leather to be measured carry out imaging, the image that obtains by ccd video camera 2 and image pick-up card 3 input computing machines 4, is obtained leather image to be measured.
The 3rd step, in computing machine, adopt the image denoising of medium filtering processing in the image processing software algorithm to obtaining, reduce picture noise.
The 4th step, choose an optimal threshold with process of iteration, the gray-scale value greater than threshold value in the image is made as 1, be made as 0 less than the gray-scale value of threshold value.
The 5th step, to each pixel, judge number of pixels different in its eight field with its gray-scale value, if greater than half, then it is considered as noise spot, give opposite gray-scale value with this point, on the contrary constant.
In the 6th step, follow the tracks of on the border, with frontier point label and record dependent vector; The border punctuate is by rearrangement counterclockwise; Judge by the ascending pointwise of ordering whether work as the fore boundary point right pixel satisfies the condition of putting in the frontier point,, judge next frontier point if do not satisfy then continuation if satisfy then computation bound interior pixel; Judge whether that all frontier points have all judged,, then carry out area and calculate, otherwise continue judgement, so finally obtain the total B=649 of tested leather boundary pixel, the total IB=27623 of border interior pixel if all judged.
In the 7th step, utilize formula D=ε * N to calculate leather area to be measured, i.e. area=(0.058348755911988mm
2/ pixel) * (649/2+27623)=1630.701856mm
2Measuring relative errors is 0.660608%.
Embodiment two
A kind of method based on digital image method measurement leather area comprises the steps:
The first step is chosen a known area S=1135mm
2Round object, utilize this system that it is carried out calibration measurements, average through 5 measurements, obtain its pixel count M=19452, utilize formula ε=S/M to calculate the pixel equivalent ε=0.058348755911988mm of this system then
2/ pixel.
Second step was 2730mm with 1 pair of area of image capture device camera lens
2Leather to be measured carry out imaging, the image that obtains by ccd video camera 2 and image pick-up card 3 input computing machines 4, is obtained the image of leather to be measured.
The 3rd step, in computing machine, adopt the image denoising of medium filtering processing in the image processing software algorithm to obtaining, reduce picture noise.
The 4th step, choose an optimal threshold with process of iteration, the gray-scale value greater than threshold value in the image is made as 1, be made as 0 less than the gray-scale value of threshold value.
The 5th step, to each pixel, judge number of pixels different in its eight field with its gray-scale value, if greater than half, then it is considered as noise spot, give opposite gray-scale value with this point, on the contrary constant.
In the 6th step, follow the tracks of on the border, with frontier point label and record dependent vector; The border punctuate is by rearrangement counterclockwise; Judge by the ascending pointwise of ordering whether work as the fore boundary point right pixel satisfies the condition of putting in the frontier point,, judge next frontier point if do not satisfy then continuation if satisfy then computation bound interior pixel; Judge whether that all frontier points have all judged,, then carry out area and calculate, otherwise continue judgement, so finally obtain the total B=867 of boundary pixel, the total IB=46527 of border interior pixel if all judged.
In the 7th step, utilize formula D=ε * N to calculate leather area to be measured, i.e. area=(0.058348755911988mm
2/ pixel) * (867/2+46527)=2740.08675mm
2Measuring relative errors is 0.369478%.
Embodiment three
A kind of method based on digital image method measurement leather area comprises the steps:
The first step is chosen a known area S=1135mm
2Round object, utilize this system that it is carried out calibration measurements, average through 5 measurements, obtain its pixel count M=19452, utilize formula ε=S/M to calculate the pixel equivalent ε=0.058348755911988mm of this system then
2/ pixel.
Second step was 1315mm with 1 pair of area of image capture device camera lens
2Leather to be measured carry out imaging, the image that obtains by ccd video camera 2 and image pick-up card 3 input computing machines 4, is obtained the image of leather to be measured.
The 3rd step, in computing machine, adopt the image denoising of medium filtering processing in the image processing software algorithm to obtaining, reduce picture noise.
The 4th step, choose an optimal threshold with process of iteration, the gray-scale value greater than threshold value in the image is made as 1, be made as 0 less than the gray-scale value of threshold value.
The 5th step, to each pixel, judge number of pixels different in its eight field with its gray-scale value, if greater than half, then it is considered as noise spot, give opposite gray-scale value with this point, on the contrary constant.
In the 6th step, follow the tracks of on the border, with frontier point label and record dependent vector; The border punctuate is by rearrangement counterclockwise; Judge by the ascending pointwise of ordering whether work as the fore boundary point right pixel satisfies the condition of putting in the frontier point,, judge next frontier point if do not satisfy then continuation if satisfy then computation bound interior pixel; Judge whether that all frontier points have all judged,, then carry out area and calculate, otherwise continue judgement, so finally obtain the total B=652 of boundary pixel, the total IB=22343 of border interior pixel if all judged.
In the 7th step, utilize formula D=ε * N to calculate leather area to be measured, i.e. area=(0.058348755911988mm
2/ pixel) * (652/2+22343)=1322.70795mm
2Measuring relative errors is 0.586156%.
Claims (2)
1. the method based on digital image method measurement leather area is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The first step is demarcated system, promptly with system the size of a known geometric parameter object is measured, and obtains the pixel equivalent ε of system, obtains the physical size of unit picture element representative;
Second step, with the image capture device camera lens leather to be measured is carried out imaging, the image that obtains is imported computing machine (4) by ccd video camera (2) and image pick-up card (3), obtain the image of leather to be measured;
The 3rd step, to the image of the leather that obtains, in computing machine, adopt Filtering Processing in the image processing algorithm to signal denoising, reduce picture noise;
The 4th step, adopt the iteration threshold method that gray level image is converted into bianry image, leather image and background are made a distinction;
In the 5th step, the image after the binaryzation is carried out second denoising, the isolated noise point in the removal target area and the bur at leather edge;
The 6th step, through after the above-mentioned processing, utilize time-vector method that the leather image is handled, specifically comprise the steps: the border tracking, with frontier point label and record dependent vector; The border punctuate is by rearrangement counterclockwise; Judge by the ascending pointwise of ordering whether work as the fore boundary point right pixel satisfies the condition of putting in the frontier point,, judge next frontier point if do not satisfy then continuation if satisfy then computation bound interior pixel; Judge whether that all frontier points have all judged,, then carry out area calculating if all judged, otherwise the continuation judgement;
The 7th step, according to computing formula: D=ε * N calculates leather area to be measured, wherein, D is the geometric parameter of leather to be measured, and N=B/2+IB is the pixel count of the leather object to be measured that records, and ε=S/M is the pixel equivalent of system, wherein B is the boundary pixel number of object, IB is an object boundary interior pixel sum, and S is for demarcating the geometric parameter of object, and M is the pixel count of the demarcation object that records.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the concrete grammar that follow the tracks of on said border is: at first utilize from all directions to follow the tracks of to the border and find sharp point and to the border piont mark and write down direction relations between adjacent two frontier points; Calculate the pixel count that belongs in the border according to frontier point label order and direction relations thereof afterwards, promptly calculate the pixel count of leather image to be measured.
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