CN101398067A - Vehicle planetary stepless transmission - Google Patents
Vehicle planetary stepless transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN101398067A CN101398067A CN 200810081499 CN200810081499A CN101398067A CN 101398067 A CN101398067 A CN 101398067A CN 200810081499 CN200810081499 CN 200810081499 CN 200810081499 A CN200810081499 A CN 200810081499A CN 101398067 A CN101398067 A CN 101398067A
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Abstract
An automobile transmission system is provided with deceleration and variable speed which is usually step speed change of manual or automatic gear shift as well as a continuously variable unit of an automobile planetary gear system. Multi-branches of the flexible transmission of multi-planetary gear and multi-point force transmission parallel each other to form a distributory and conflux switch on a rotary plane; the multi-branches are parallel mutually but independent on transmission and combine a same output shaft to reach large power stepless speed change. Numerous elastomer planetary gears are evenly arranged on a working surface of the circumference of a rigid active wheel and are contacted with a pressing point; the unyielding and the yielding are marched, the yielding conquers the unyielding, and the concave and the convex share a same camber, thereby reducing contact stress; elastic deformation causes all transmission elements to mutually carry out compensation and adjustment so as to remove deviation in movement, to realize consistency among multi-parties and to increase efficiency and service life; mandrel-less variable-speed displacement on the working cone surface of the planetary gear breaks through full-radius variable speed ratio; power is not consumed when groups of miniature disc springs are pressed; speed regulation carried out by a worm wheel and a helical pair saves labor and is easy to control; the rebound of an elastic friction pair increases loading capacity; the small external radius of the planetary gear is adopted to increase the number and to realize the break-through in power; a large scale of variable range guarantees a softer and smoother driving; centrifugal force is adopted to realize high efficiency and low oil consumption; and the structure is simple and the efficiency is notable.
Description
1, technical field
Car steering has the speed change transmission, and gear engagement manual shift and the self-shifting step change of hydraulic machine transmission are often arranged, and also has multiple class stepless change.
Transmission system from the motor to the wheel drive should subtract speed change and differential mechanism by device, the structure that Transmitted chains has subcombinations or is integrated.Friction driving realizes subtracting the transmission components such as planet wheel that speed change has multiple shape, also has pressurizing mechanism and arrangements for speed regulation, and the multirow star-wheel that especially has abundant resiliently deformable is realized the vehicle planetary stepless transmission of the flexible transmission of multiple spot power transmission.
2, background technique
Gear transmission has high efficiency and high-power, but is difficult to realize this theme of stepless change, and hydraulic machine transmission automaitc shfit has improved manipulation but increased oil consumption, and cost and user cost raise.Step change and ride characteristic are difficult to coupling, have influence on the common application of automobile.
Stepless change has obtained transmission performance and automobile mapping characteristics demand realizes optimum Match, makes fuel economy and drives the comfortable kilter that reaches.Use at present more metal band type CVT still excellent lacking and mix half, band skew occurs when axial deciliter of speed governing is mobile, cause the distortion of band, and transmission is impacted, and noise increases, and has reduced stationarity, and the life-span of band is decline sharply.This speed changer starting performance feels unsmooth, and compressing of band consuming kinetic energy.Because band chain is by hundreds of spare pushing block series connection assembling, driving torque is by the frictional force transmission of pushing block and groove face, because the series relationship active force is one to reach two, two reach three again exists more loss in the relay-type transmission so, the tractional force that produces on every pushing block can not the arithmetic addition, so although it is more to participate in the pushing block of power transmission, that the independent action addition is multiplied each other and few, thereby total output is restricted.
Seeking and develop high-performance stepless speed variator is Hyundai Motor development inexorable trend, is the market demand and benefit target, is effectively to reduce the consumption improvement cornering ability to reach more comfortable and safe important channel.
3, purpose
The present invention adopts the flexible transmission of multiple spot power transmission to realize that permanent power efficient of high-power big gear ratio and long-life are the structure of the whole body with a series of advantages of Gear Planet Transmission, and simplifications, energy-conservation, easy to manufacture, cost reduction, the universal vehicle planetary stepless transmission of production and marketing are provided.This speed changer unit single-stage output speed has reached input speed to be changeed until zero, has shortened Transmitted chains, raises the efficiency, saves the space, reduces cost, and making drives a car, and to become very simple relaxation and happiness all-ages, realized driving enjoyment.
4, realize method of the present invention
Exploitation automative stepless speed-variation transmission meaning and benefit are huge, but the technical performance that must reach is the wide gap that existing all kinds of speed changers are difficult to break through.Gear can transmit high-powerly because of the profile of tooth that curing is arranged, and the flexible slick and sly smooth-going automobile running that is more suitable for of the smooth working surface transmission of friction wheel but must improve bearing capacity.Friction pair often adopted the positive drive of hard steel to hard steel in the past, and especially two protruding touching had mutually both made under huge impacting force its resiliently deformable very little, the stress high concentration, and the contact stress height generates heat easily and weares and teares, and the life-span is generally shorter.Find that after deliberation friction driving has potential advantages, make to produce when being subjected to impacting force to be enough to compensate when friction pair and make and the resiliently deformable of assembly error, reduce rigidity, reach and defeat a force with a tenderness, increase contact contact lifting surface area, make the transmission flexibility, reduce shock and vibration.Adopting relatively low impacting force and will obtaining bigger driving force is to utilize gentle person to produce resiliently deformable under firm person's extruding, produces dimpling slope angle and concavo-convex bent altogether between the contact, has the equivalent engagement during transmission and improves Driving force.Be easy to form and keep bigger Film Thickness Ratio owing to form concavo-convex bent oil film altogether, the traction transmission of oil film increases substantially bearing capacity.Friction driving must contact just and can produce, and is zero distance between element contacts, so relative dimensions precision and shape position error do not have a bit error.To realize conformity in many ways during assembling neutralization motion, depending merely on precision machining can't come into force, should utilize and adjust compensation constantly by actual distance and to change automatic in-position just effectual, the present invention that Here it is utilizes resiliently deformable and best sliding ratio to obtain high efficiency to realize high-power.
The present invention adopts the driving wheel than the great circle footpath to reach less peripheral force with the big arm of force, the planet wheel of One's name is legion is housed on the driving wheel circumference simultaneously, making each planet wheel is to work separately in independence to become parallel transmission, and single moment can multiply each other with the addition of arithmetic formula.This speed changer divides two to pass to same output shaft again after the planet wheel branch confluxes conversion input power in view of the above, thus the contact of independent power transmission simultaneously double, in 16 planet wheels of a branch, the total torque=P of output shaft
1* 64 (P
1Be the peripheral force of each rubbing contact point energy transmission, R is the driving wheel radius of clean-up).Press P
1=200N, the R=0.15m meter always changes apart from M=200 * 64 * 0.15=1920Nm (low velocity zone).
Friction driving easier realization high efficiency, especially multirow star-wheel high speed rotating, efficient is higher than the planetary pinion transmission, can reach more than 0.98.This is because gear utilizes relocation mechanism also to fail uniform load, each planetary pinion can not be instantaneous fully synchronously, and the gas-liquid of teeth groove or tooth plane polarization wave cause various resistances consumptions, reduced transmission efficiency.And the friction wheel of smooth working surface does not just have such consume, and inertial force also makes full use of, also have moment in rapid succession and the effect effect of frequent elastic recoil power.
The shape and structure of planet wheel and branch's transmission and the resiliently deformable that reaches and best sliding ratio have realized that efficient high power is main feature of the present invention and real breakpoint.
Next is not have axle on the planet wheel working surface, and the speed governing displacement reaches full radius, realize that output speed equals input speed until zero commentaries on classics, thereby simplified Transmitted chains, and also be outstanding contributions of the present invention.Big power variable speed also will solve some other technical barrier, and the guide structure and the size shape of this speed changer have how bell formula, with H font planet wheel intermediate groove and the interlock of middle part axle.O font planet wheel often rolls with the power transmission of guide cylindrical mutually with cylindrical, so guide becomes the little and long rolling cover of external diameter.Be that each guide is made a pin-and-hole plate in addition, be inserted in each bearing pin with same plectane respective pin hole, and the middle part axle institute corresponding position of each planet wheel is made slippage slot, the planet wheel middle part axle carry-over moment in the corresponding groove of just in time packing into, planet wheel slippage in groove during speed governing, such circular plate type structure can reduce the motion bump between planet wheel and guide, reduces noise.Make a concerted effort but the revolution centrifugal force of planet wheel directly acts on can not form with peripheral force on the outer trim ring, but reduce noise, be usually used in lower-powered transmission.
5, major technique measure
(1) high-power
It is very important that car transmissions are subjected to its advantages of compact and light structure of spatial constraints, and planetary transmission is the elastic-friction wheel transmission of multiple spot power transmission especially, and in kind the manufacturing confirms it is optimal type.What stepless change was easy to realize most is the friction pair transmission, and adopts gear engagement to try hard to also can realize that the trial of big power variable speed does not get achievement so far.Imposing from gear transmission in the past is the ability of wanting that the big modulus by gear just has big moment to promote, is to lose more than gain because of the rigid teeth of solidifying manufactures " stepless " but.Friction driving need compress and could produce frictional force, and the power transmission ability of single-point is subjected to the restriction of material allowable contact stress, certainly will roll up the power transmission point, and this will exert oneself by multirow star-wheel multiple spot.But the zero distance of friction pair contact is to the existence of multirow star-wheel power transmission " conformity " difficult problem in many ways, otherwise planet wheel is many more, and irregular uneven more, the Passive part resisting moment forces transmission failure, becomes postiche consequence.
The present invention adopts the elastomer planet wheel to carry out hard and soft pairing to reach flexible transmission, a series of difficult problems are readily solved.The driving wheel and the outer trim ring reservation entity rigid construction that are circular arc camber on the monotony circumference are firm person, and quantity reaches and picks up several or several ten identical planet wheels of boundary dimension and change flexible member into from common rigid pipe.The steel working surface has high hardness flexible again, but become easily deformable elastomer with thin-walled, compare with the solid thickness of driving wheel and outer trim ring, the flexibility of planet wheel increases, respectively contacting force bearing point when compressing mutually on the contact relative dimensions of planet wheel and the working surface can allow just with gentle, just be protruding gentle, form the bent altogether transmission of convex-concave for recessed.Can reach variable planet wheel with the flexibility of self, but can be compressed into equidistant and finish between the two element of contact zero although number of packages is numerous apart from engaging, the multiple pressure that deviation is big contracts, avoided fast with slowly between collision reduced noise, to have reached the slicker and more sly ride comfort that steadily makes of transmission soft.
From motor through advancing or the clutch that reverses gear passes to transmission input shaft, input shaft and two cover branch speed change parts carry out the conversion of confluxing of two road branches side by side, two driving wheels of every suit and input shaft key connecting, two point of contact produce frictional force simultaneously when clamping planet wheel.The footpath that two outer trim rings have been controlled planet wheel is outwards moved, because outer trim ring does not rotate, so the planet wheel time rotational is promptly done to revolve round the sun moment is passed to bearing pin and output disc.Two output discs are connected on the same output shaft, and the torque of two branches focuses on output mechanism again.Input shaft is assigned to two cover branches with the total output of motor like this, each branch is distributed to each planet wheel again with torque, the generation frictional force that has point of contact of several ten planet wheels and driving wheel and outer trim ring, the little heating temperature rise of each contact stress low friction durability of height, each planet wheel reach independent separately and produce after the torque addition again together.
Output shaft connects with start clutch again, in conjunction with the time transmit motor torque, allow wheel move on during separation in moments of inertia effect, the fuel-economizing of travelling more for a short time of resistance of taxing square is better.
The power transmission of driving wheel, planet wheel, outer trim ring and bearing pin guide all betides in the same revolution section and forms plane system of force, is the main reason that increases substantially efficient.
The shape and structure of planet wheel has various ways, as the axial cross section of H font and O font.The H font is not have axle on the plug tap working surface, and the radius of clean-up is from the full radius of center addendum cone no-radius until the edge, and groove is made in the centre, becomes a planet wheel by the middle part axle two side cones that are connected.The O font is two thin-walled cone combinations, does not have axle on the conical surface, and the radius of clean-up is equally from the full radius of center addendum cone until outer circular edge, and two halfbody tapered sleeves close (being slidingly matched) becomes complete planet wheel, the monosymmetric two work conical surfaces.And being housed, a pair of dish spring presses off half cone all the time in cavity.The time spent is done in impacting force in assembling back more can produce resiliently deformable.And when contact is stressed, be easy to form concavo-convex song altogether, increase substantially bearing capacity.
Its deadweight of the planet wheel of H font or O font should be controlled, and reaching centrifugal force suitably also can be synthetic with peripheral force, reaches the high efficiency moment of thrust.It is remarkable that the thin-walled type elastomer improves frictional force action for rolling friction pair, this flexibility that forms because of distortion not only makes transmission soft, smooth-going, slick and sly, ride comfort, and the oligodynamics that are concavo-convex bent altogether and spring-back force of point of contact have increased substantially efficient, this spring-back force to table tennis, blue ball is similar a bit, all plays usefulness difficult to the appraisal.
H font middle part axle diameter is little, contacts power transmission with large diameter guide cylindrical, and guide reaches very slow from rotating speed, has reduced various losses.
The O font is because thin-walled easily forms concavo-convex song and spring-back force altogether.Add by the control of the dish spring in chamber resiliently deformable, so deformation performance is better.
High-quality steel planet wheel has high-hardness, wearable through the heat treatment working surface and obtains the long-life, can also allow driving wheel and outer trim ring also significantly improve the life-span because of hard and soft pairing.
This speed changer can transmit bigger power under the compact structure condition.Be 1500,2000,3000, reach the boundary dimension≤350～400mm of corresponding power 45,60,90,135Kw speed changer during 4500r/min respectively with input speed, can front wheel driving or rear driving, also can drive with speed simultaneously front and back, only need input shaft transmission simultaneously front and back bridge, adopt identical speed changer output speed synchronous same-speed operation.
The change of speed changer itself is slowed down and has been simplified Transmitted chains, on one side pass to oil pump from the motor output gear, another side imports active force into the cover of two on axle hydraulic type friction clutch, and control is advanced and reversing or neutral gear.The output of transmission shaft can be rotatably connected synchronously in the same way with many covers stepless speed variator.Such motor can speed be with a plurality of wheels of torque actuated together in the same way simultaneously, and quantity is extremely several from two.And each is identical to the transmission conditions of driving wheel, and this is world's initiative.Add that output speed unit single-stage changes up to zero with input speed; The breakthrough of the independence of resiliently deformable planet wheel power transmission in parallel; Realize extensive integrated transmission creation new ideas.Motor has single cylinder and multi-cylinder, and multi-cylinder could be broken through high-power, and circuit is ganged up parallel connection, parallel connection transmission along separate routes simultaneously.Make identical speed change and travel but have only the present invention to drive numerous wheels simultaneously, realize that the power of stepless speed variator is unrestricted.Because high-power transmission needs huge impacting force, the present invention adopts the small-sized involutory dish spring of many groups to stress on the end face that moves outer trim ring, and not only the impacting force size is unrestricted, and the kinetic energy that do not consume durable in use also has overload protection function.Planet wheel trim ring outside slow-speed of revolution timing makes movably compresses the dish spring group on the end face once again, impacting force increases by design, and this is the needed impacting force of torque that increased of the slow-speed of revolution just, reaches complete permanent power transmission.
It is easily laborsaving again that high-power drive speed-adjusting is handled control, and the present invention is owing to adopt big worm gear or gearwheel tooth bar big retarding than transmission, and the angle of wedge that adds upper planet wheel is bigger, so manoeuvrable is laborsaving, is convenient to automatic control.Worm gear or gear axis hole are made power screw, make a driving wheel axially divide resultant displacement with respect to another fixing initiatively crop rotation, finish quick or slow speed change, and transmission is stable level and smooth.
High-powerly to solve also that the easy user cost of maintenance is low could to produce high benefit.Because this speed changer is not to rely on the high coefficient of friction of traction fluid not improve transmission capacity, lubricated and the bearing and the gear of speed changer lubricated identical lubricated easy to be abundant again.
(2), big gear ratio
Solved and required not only compact structure after high-power but also have big slewing range.Because do not have axle on the planet wheel work conical surface, the point of contact displacement reaches full radius, gear ratio has nothing to do with planet wheel outside dimension size, can adopt little external diameter to increase the number of packages of planet wheel, again can compact structure.This is a major contribution of the present invention.
Stepless change is exactly that the pointwise of the transmission component radius of clean-up uninterruptedly changes, and the radius of clean-up smoothly increases and decreases, the continuous lifting of rotating speed.The torque increase and decrease becomes the slick and sly change of permanent power to improve driving comfort with rotation speed change.Range of infinitely variable speeds is big more travels and level and smooth thisly feels good more, and especially this speed changer reaches from input speed changes to zero, and every other speed change kind can't realize.Because no axle makes the circular arc working surface of two driving wheels and two outer trim rings have wideer and inside and outside extension and over current protection band on the planet wheel working surface, reduce wearing and tearing and strengthened the life-span, avoid when limit speed is worked, occurring chance failure.
Vertex of a cone place, the center radius of planet wheel is to overlap with the driving wheel fixed contact point zero point during high speed, and it is H apart from the speed changer central axis, overlap with outer trim ring fixed contact and planet wheel external diameter edge radius is the R point, to the distance of central axis be H
2, output speed=input speed at this moment.Minimum speed is that the planet wheel footpath is outwards moved, and the center vertex of a cone overlaps with outer trim ring fixed contact point, planet wheel rotation radius=0, and output speed is zero.
Motor is through the directly input speed changer that suitably slows down, and the high regime of rotating speed 2000～4500r/min commonly used also can the low speed input.Output velocity ratio I
1=0.9～0.99 is the upper limit, I
2=0.03～0 is low speed limit.Because change was bigger when sliding ratio and efficient were changeed in low velocity zone especially approaching zero, the preceding actual torque that stops descends a lot, and braking will be stopped a little.And fast a little torque increases rapidly after the starting, has the gentle speed of big moment during starting, and this is this speed changer characteristic.
Transfer to the low speed limit inferior with the high speed limes superiors, speed governing worm gear 1/3～1/2 changes, and the manipulation time is in 4～6 seconds.Because start clutch is installed on the ransaxle differential mechanism, the almost unpowered transmission of wheel during disengaging, this helps sliding, and fuel-economizing is more obvious.The mechanical property of this speed change is extremely mated with the demand characteristics of travelling, and is described as follows (Figure 11) with the real examination of small-power of 4 pole motor transmissions of 1.5 kilowatts of power
Input 1500r/min, the highest output speed 1300～1350r/min, minimum speed are 40～50r/min.High speed efficient 〉=more than 0.9～0.98, the sliding ratio high velocity should control to below 5%, and middling speed district (300～800r/min section) sliding ratio is 8%～10%, and 200r/min can reach 15～20% with hypomere.Sliding ratio is relevant with the impacting force size, though too high impacting force reduces sliding ratio, many quick abrasion consumes of generating heat are serious.When sliding ratio was excessive, friction pair can occur badly damaged, so the sliding ratio of impacting force and load and control will be coordinated rationally could obtain best speed change transmission.With the 1500r/min input speed, output speed is that 950～100r/min is section commonly used, and best sliding ratio is 8～15%, and efficient and bearing capacity are in more steady state.
(3), permanent power
Power is driven two driving wheels of key connecting by the input shaft input.Two driving wheels are clamping all planet wheels simultaneously, owing to outer trim ring does not rotate, so planet crop rotation revolution motion passes to one group of guide and bearing pin with torque.Bearing pin and output disc are fixed with one, so output disc just rotates work done.The output disc here is exactly that gearwheel in the differential mechanism makes automobile running.Two driving wheels are with frictional force transmission planet wheel, and planet wheel rolls with middle part axle or cylindrical and is delivered to guide, and guide is made circular movement to the rotating bearing pin that promotes simultaneously of bearing pin.To low speed governing, planet wheel directly outwards moves, and rotating force arm increases, and movably outer trim ring forces the increase of disc spring pressing power to the recompression of dish spring, torque rising when output speed reduces.Then opposite to high velocity modulation.
One of two driving wheel is connected with input shaft, and another is done axial speed governing and moves, and handles control automatically synchronously by worm and worm gear or rack pinion, and the speed governing of overlapping property change band device is overpaied identical tooth and changeed and transmit by coaxial more.Because the worm gear axis hole makes power screw, axially advance to close during speed governing or recess to make two driving wheels pass the clamping of one group of planet wheel or unclamp, allow dish spring deformation force with the planet wheel return.Removable outer trim ring is compressed dish spring group by the thrust generation of planet wheel again or loosens, and impacting force increases or reduces, and all stations reach permanent power transmission.All changes all be gradually by and continuously, this is the automobile running slick and sly stationarity primary condition that need provide just.
(4), high efficiency
Transmission efficiency is all very important to any transmission system, and it is few more excellent more to subtract the speed change link from the motor to the driving wheel.Motor output gear and advancing and reverse clutch interlock, or neutral gear.Two driving wheels of speed changer to each planet wheel, are pooled to the driving shaft torque distribution on the output disc again after the change of planet wheel radius of clean-up size reaches stepless change.Each active force occurs on the same plane of rotation becomes plane system of force.Because each and every one power transmission of elastomer planet wheel, reduced the resistance square and be main cause efficiently.The gear pair of multirow star-wheel must have relocation mechanism to prevent unbalance loading, but the uniform property and the conformity of more resilient planet wheel.The former is worse than the latter, so friction driving is higher than gear-driven efficiency.
Planet wheel arrives output disc with the little axle in middle part with guide cylindrical rolling power transmission, and guide does not bear only intermediate transfer thrust of torque, so no matter be that low speed or its consumption of higher rotation speed rotation hinder seldom.
Two branch's output discs of speed changer connect on the same output tubular axis, because the independence of each planet wheel power transmission and the conformity of speed change reach addition and multiply each other, the moment of components of each planet wheel is summed into a big moment.
Transfer to the slow-speed of revolution, the planet wheel footpath is outwards moved, and rotating force arm increases, and arm of force angle is between 70 °-90 °, the effect of inertia addition of each flywheel moment, but centrifugal force greatly can be synthetic with peripheral force during the centrifugal force high speed of planet wheel, so high rotating speed district efficient is up to more than 0.98.In, low velocity zone, square numerical value that centrifugal force is pressed angular velocity reduces, centrifugal force becomes than low thrust, affacts on the dish spring, and at this moment is subjected to the displacement of outer trim ring because of the dish spring, impacting force increases exponentially, the impacting force on the driving wheel increases synchronously.Centrifugal force can be synthetic with peripheral force, and form thrust jointly and increase torque, be one of efficient reason.Speed changer adopts the elastomer planet wheel to rely on elastic recoil power raising frictional force to reduce impacting force again relatively, and reducing loss also is high efficiency second factor.
(5), the long-life
Common product nearly all is the rigidity friction pair of hard steel to hard steel, and required impacting force is several ten times of peripheral force.So contact stress is too high is short main cause of life-span.
This speed changer adopts elastomeric numerous planet wheel fully to divide the transmission of confluxing, and is the main cause of long-life so contact stress hangs down.
The hard and soft pairing of friction pair reaches softization transmission, contact concavo-convex Qu Zengda altogether work contact stress surface.Fully lubricated, oil film performance traction power transmission has also improved working life.
Common speed changer planet wheel band disjunctor axle has been because the diameter of axle has limited displacement, for obtain bigger slewing range have to face width with driving wheel or outer trim ring narrow down to very narrow, (only about 1 millimeter).And two Drawing cones of the planet wheel of this speed changer do not have axle, and two driving wheels and two outer trim rings have broad wall and deep camber circular curve, leave down diametrically and extend and the transition zone protective layer, effectively improve working life.The top place of planet wheel can adopt composite structure that the vertex of a cone is partly made the high hardness material and slow down wearing and tearing because the little wear resistance of radius of curvature is the most weak.Perhaps with planet wheel as relativity half easily damaged parts, suitably the time limit is changed and is improved machine life.
(6), speed regulating control
Ride safety of automobile is reliably important.Handle simple, the light laborsaving computer control of being convenient to, eliminate tension intensity, it is very necessary to have kinds of protect.This speed changer speed regulating control adopts worm gear or gear transmission, and durable in use being difficult for breaks down.From at a high speed to low speed governing time several seconds agilities fast only.Can stop operating rapidly after the speed changer power cut, noninertia is creeped.To stall, braking torque can diminish by nature at low speed, brakes just stall a little by the position.And the starting raising speed, torque increases fast until the highest moment of torsion, so starting and quickening at a slow speed gradually.
Automobile must be that low cost could allow masses afford as the universalness modern means of communication.Being that low consumption is energy-saving simultaneously also affords to use.Also will being perfectly safe, everybody can handle.And drive and want the happy enjoyment that could realize driving.
6, substantial progress
Past people thinks that the friction driving difficulty can realize high-power and the high efficiency transmission, so often bear the speed change that subtracts of automobile with gear.Profile of tooth can be born the bigger thrust of transmission because gear has the rigidity of curing, but is difficult to carry out stepless change, and exists impact, vibration and noise bigger inevitably.
More want smooth-going and slick and sly for automobile running, it is comfortable and safe to reach driving.So friction driving is because working surface is that level and smooth transmission has soft property smoothness, its power transmission of the easiest realization multiple spot and stepless change.Gear is subjected to the restriction that the number of teeth can not be very little, and the size of friction member planet wheel can be dwindled arbitrarily, and when identical appearance, friction driving can have more the multirow star-wheel participate in transmission to improve bearing capacity.
The present invention is distributed to the multiple-limb transmission with motor high-power, each branch has numerous planet wheels to be in independence generation frictional force again, these moments come together in same output mechanism with addition again, several ten planet wheels transmit a big torque, and the contact stress of the less formation of impacting force on each force bearing point is also less.Because number is numerous, must be the elastomer planet wheel, this feature of the present invention just.
Solved and reached high efficiency again after high-power, this is to adopt the spring-back force of resiliently deformable and the result of best sliding ratio.Thin-walled type is combined with the dish spring again, the compensation adjustment voluntarily in a big way of the operation thickness of planet wheel, and produce impacting force all the time and contact with two driving wheels and two outer trim rings, reaching in service does not have " passive " part to reduce resisting moment.
Do not have axle on the planet wheel two work conical surfaces, both the radius of clean-up was from 0 to full radius in the contact displacement in the speed governing, and output speed equals input speed to be changeed until zero, realizes the slewing range of maximum permanent power transmission.
Adopt the small-sized dish spring pressurization of many groups, it is unrestricted to reach impacting force, and the function that do not consume again durable in use, and this compresses more favourable than hydraulic pressure.
Nearly all automotive transmission can't be made as one with ransaxle, and the present invention will subtract speed change and the shared casing of differential mechanism, and dual functions and save the space shortens Transmitted chains and raises the efficiency.Driving wheel is the transmission of reducer gear direct connection normally, so drive gear impulsion influence is arranged.And this speed changer is delivered to driving wheel at last with the soft property of friction driving, thereby it is the most steady comfortable to travel.Gear transmission and common friction wheel transmission all are positive drives, and having this speed changer only is that hard and soft pairing reaches flexible transmission.
The present invention has innovated structure and character shape because of having found to improve the mechanism of force of rolling friction, can replace gear transmission with the new advantage of friction driving, and especially defeating a force with a tenderness is applied to the essential flexibility of vehicle transmission, and it is of the present invention substantive progressive that Here it is.
7, embodiment
Describe the content and the detail of this speed changer in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, implement the effective way of this speed changer.Accompanying drawing 1 is a speed changer O font axial, cross-sectional view, does not have axle on the hemicone 1 and the 3 work conical surfaces, and the radius of clean-up is from the full radius of vertex of a cone point 0 radius until cylindrical.Be combined into a planet wheel behind the 2 half Drawing cone phase flip sleeves, adorn an involutory dish spring 2 in interior, the dish spring produces thrust all the time increases the spacing of plug tap, two driving wheels or outside trim ring form to clamp pitch contacts and produce pressure, its elastic deformation amount bigger (both dish spring amount of deformation) and wall thickness can more to be beneficial to working surface stressed and concavo-convex bent contact condition altogether occurs, the more effective increase frictional force of the transmission spring-back force transmission of formation improves bearing capacity.
Accompanying drawing 2 is speed changer H font axial, cross-sectional view, does not have axle on two outsides work conical surface, and intermediate portion is to make groove shaped hollow, and only staying the careful axle in middle part that two side hemicones are connected is a whole planet wheel.
Two side Drawing cone wall thickness are determined by the impacting force size, are reached the displacement that suitable resiliently deformable value is convenient to planet wheel in the speed governing again.Because disc spring pressing power is consistent with rotating speed lifting torque increase and decrease all the time, so select the bigger angle of wedge for use, half wedge α=8-12 ° commonly used, H font planet wheel middle part heart portion and two side hemicone wall thickness should all claim to avoid heat treatment stress to concentrate, and prevent to crack.Material wants hardness and toughness two high, also wants the elastic module of certain value.
Fig. 3 is the transmission schematic representation that promotes guide 2 in 1 work of O font planet wheel.The planet wheel revolution time has produced centrifugal force, does the footpath and outwards moves and certainly will push stopping of guide open, thereby form centrifugal force and peripheral force synthesizes bigger Driving force (making a concerted effort).
Fig. 4 be H font planet wheel at middle part axle and the bigger guide Contact Transmission situation schematic representation of external diameter, guide shape at this moment is as a pad, is inserted in the groove in the middle of the planet wheel.So the rotation of guide is because of the big retarding very slow revolution that becomes, and the thrust of planet wheel is delivered on bearing pin and the output disc thereof, various resistances consumptions reduce the efficient height.
Fig. 5 is that the high velocity planet wheel is to two driving wheels and two outer trim ring relative stations schematic representation, 1 is driving wheel among the figure, the 2nd, and outer trim ring, A point are that the driving wheel fixed contact contacts with the planet wheel centerline, the B point is that outer trim ring fixed contact contacts speed ratio at this moment with the external diameter edge of planet wheel
Output speed=input speed.
Fig. 6 is the relative stations schematic representation of low velocity zone planet wheel to two driving wheels and two outer trim rings, 1 is driving wheel among the figure, the 2nd, outer trim ring, the A point is that driving wheel contacts with the outer most edge place of planet wheel, at this moment planet wheel center line has moved on the fixing contact of outer trim ring, so its rotation radius of clean-up r
0=0.Speed ratio
Output speed is zero commentaries on classics.
Fig. 7 is that the Q that makes a concerted effort that every pair of free-standing separately power transmission in parallel of speed changer planet wheel and guide and centrifugal force F thereof and peripheral force P form occurs on the same plane of rotation and forms plane system of force, and the working principle signal of raising the efficiency is analyzed.
Fig. 8 is that another of speed changer is equivalent to the plectane figure of guide function, and each hole correspondence of plectane 1 is matched on the bearing pin that is connected on the output disc, and the chute of each breach type is just allowing the middle part axle of each planet wheel stick into that two sides leave the gap in groove.Planet wheel 2 is H font structures.
Fig. 9 is the axial cross section schematic representation after planet wheel and the plectane assembling.Two conical surface branches were in two sides after planet wheel was inserted in plectane, did not exert an influence with the Contact Transmission of two driving wheels and two outer trim rings.
Figure 10 is the performance diagram with an experiment type of the transmission speed changer of 1.5 kilowatts of 4 pole motors, the structure of this speed changer is identical with vehicle planetary stepless transmission with working mechanism, is that the explanation vehicle planetary stepless transmission has the very high bearing capacity and the example of efficient.
Accompanying drawing 11 is mechanism maps of vehicle planetary stepless transmission, speed changer and differential mechanism are made the integrated form ransaxle, before and after it can be arranged in or intermediate driven wheel, perhaps many to installing, can be simultaneously in the same way synchronous same-speed disperse to be delivered to the total output of same motor many to driving wheel.
1 is hold concurrently clutch driven member combination of output shaft among the figure, the 2nd, the clutch plunger assembly, 3 clutch driving links with export tubular axis and output disc and connect 4 tubular type output shafts, 5 left output discs, 6 fixed driving wheels, 7 dish spring groups, 8 left end caps, 9 move outer trim ring, 10 guidees, 11 fixed outer trim rings, 12 1 groups of guidees, 13 1 groups of planet wheels, 14 move driving wheel, 15 speed governing worm gears, 16 input gearwheels, 17 input small gears, 18 screw pairs move seat, 19 left and right sides input shafts, 20 middle casings, 21 right end caps, 22 right output discs, 23 right half-bridges, 24 right bearings, 25 differential gear set, 26 oil-sealing arrangements, 27 bearings, 28 seal arrangements, 29 bearings, 30 left half-bridges, 31 worm screws.
Motor output gear and forward gear and reverse gear and clutch linkage, control is advanced, is reversed gear or neutral.Small gear 17 is determined by the speed of a motor vehicle and high engine speeds with the reduction speed ratio of gear 16.Gear 16 connects left and right sides input shaft 19 together with key, two involutory driving wheels 6 and 14 are clamping one group of planet wheel 13, and will be pressed on the working surface of two outer trim rings 9 and 11, because dish spring group compresses movably outer trim ring 9, because of two outer trim rings 9 and 11 do not rotate, planet wheel 13 is just done the revolution operation, at this moment planet wheel 13 is at middle part axle or outer circle diameter and one group of guide 10 transmission mutually, guide 10 is actively set on the bearing pin 12, bearing pin 12 is connected on output disc 5 or 22, two output disc 5 and 22 becomes the single-revolution body with close-fitting on output shaft 4, output shaft 4 ends connect the half-clutch device 3 of an active again and be transferred to the output combination that clutch driven member 1 is promptly formed after oil pressure compress friction plate, drive one group of differential gear 25 in the chamber, finally be transferred to semiaxis and driving wheel.
Accompanying drawing 12 is motor output bevel gear and forward gear and arrives the interlock of retaining bevel gear clutch community, 1 motor among the figure, 2 engine gears, 3 reverse gear clutch and bevel gears, 4 forward gear clutch and bevel gears, 5 input bevel gears, 6 ransaxle housings, 7 driving wheels.
Because speed changer has very big reduction speed ratio, make transmission system that reduction gear can no longer be set, speed changer and ransaxle are combined into one, reduce institute and take up space, the shortening transmission link is raised the efficiency and is reduced cost.Bevel gear engagement is arranged respectively and advance and the clutch linkage that reverses gear from the motor output gear, but simplified structure like this.Also can import into, but two cover clutches arrange that respectively the input speed of speed changer can be higher by cylindric spiral gear.
The output shaft of speed changer by about 2 half connect with start clutch, the transmission of driving wheel is slicker and more sly smooth-going, the soft property of friction driving is higher.Because from not having common this link of bevel gear gearing down to driving wheel behind the speed changer, just do not had the influence of vibration of gear engagement yet.
Claims (9)
1, the automobile variable speed transmission has the speed change of subtracting and differential mechanism, output to from motor and to subtract speed change conversion and pass to differential mechanism and semiaxis driving wheel again, especially speed changer direct connection motor and ransaxle integrator, it is characterized in that speed changer is by two branch's elastomer planet wheel branches of parallel connection speed change of confluxing, the power transmission in parallel of each independence of the planet wheel of steel thin-wall type Elastic Structural Shape is to one group of bearing pin guide, be pooled to output disc again, two output discs are connected to same output shaft, the end of output shaft connects the driving link of start clutch, and the driven member of clutch is equipped with half section formation differential mechanism bull gear function in a other end tubulose output shaft left side of differential gear again with inner chamber, one cover differential gear connects the vehicle planetary stepless transmission that speed changer and ransaxle are combined integrated with two semiaxis.
2, vehicle planetary stepless transmission according to claim 1, the elastomer planet wheel that it is characterized in that friction driving is the H font axial cross section shape or the O font axial cross section shape of no axle on steel thin-wall type two outsides work conical surface, be subjected to two driving wheels and two outer trim rings compress, the quilt folder thickness compensation adjustment voluntarily of planet wheel, contact friction power transmission point on the planet wheel, both the radius of clean-up reached the top full radius from 0 radius to the outermost circle edge of the conical surface.
3, vehicle planetary stepless transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that making groove in the middle of the H font axial cross section planet wheel two side hemicones, the middle part axle less by diameter is fixed into an integral body with the both sides hemicone, middle part careful axle cylindrical and guide cylindrical touch scrolling or allow in the middle part of axle stick into carry-over moment in the corresponding chute of plectane guide, and O font axial cross section planet wheel is unified by thin-walled two half cone phase flip sleeves, there is not axle on the outer cone working surface, inner chamber is equipped with the dish spring and always two half cones is pressed off, be subjected to two driving wheels and two outer trim rings compress, cone thickness stress deformation, each planet wheel compensation adjustment work cell voluntarily distance.
4, vehicle planetary stepless transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that uniform one group of bearing pin and guide between each planet wheel revolution circumference, bearing pin is connected on the output disc, and guide has multiple shape, with H font planet wheel be washer-shaped, with O font planet wheel be sleeve shape, also have the corresponding chute-like of plectane, two driving wheels, one group of planet wheel and bearing pin guide transmission of torque occur in same central cross-section becomes plane system of force on the turning surface.
5, vehicle planetary stepless transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that planet wheel makes the elastomeric multiple shape and structure of thin-walled type by steel, be easy to be subjected to impacting force and resiliently deformable, on point of contact, be easy to form dimpling slope angle and concavo-convex bent altogether, be easy to produce elastic recoil power during rolling friction, the sliding ratio that is controlled at regulation numerical value in service.
6, vehicle planetary stepless transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that speed changer with engine torque by advance and the clutch linkage formula input of reversing gear after give two abreast-type stepless change branches, independence in parallel is separately divided the torque conversion of confluxing, two branch's independent power transmissions arranged side by side are identical again to be transferred to an output shaft, output shaft connects with start clutch, the driven member of start clutch has the transmission of differential mechanism bull gear concurrently, one cover differential gear of inner chamber connects driving wheel with two semiaxis, the ransaxle shell is the common enclosure of speed changer, will subtract speed change and differential and be combined into same assembly.
7, vehicle planetary stepless transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that motor output gear transmission simultaneously two covers are by advancing and reversing gear clutch connection two bevel gears together, have and advance, reverse gear and neutral three functions, transmission shaft two ends can drive front and back wheel simultaneously becomes the two ransaxles in front and back.
8, vehicle planetary stepless transmission according to claim 1, it is many to driving wheel to it is characterized in that the motor total output is assigned to, two branches friction type planet wheel stepless change driving component arranged side by side is arranged in each ransaxle, two cover Worm and Worm Gear Driving connect with same shaft gear, identical speed governing displacement, all planet wheels are in the identical station and the radius of clean-up, and a motor can be finished same working state stepless change to two or more ransaxles with power division.
9, vehicle planetary stepless transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that adopting the power transmission of friction type Gear Planet Transmission multiple-limb multirow star-wheel multiple spot, the elastomer planet wheel is middle rolling element, compare planet wheel with driving wheel that matches and the sort of rigidity of outer trim ring and be gentle person, and driving wheel and outer trim ring are rigid pipes, and relative flexibility is that easily deformable degree has and differs more greatly, compresses Shi Yirou mutually to allow just, hard and soft extruding contact forms flexible transmission.
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| CN 200810081499 CN101398067B (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2008-02-20 | Vehicle planetary stepless transmission |
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| CN 200810081499 CN101398067B (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2008-02-20 | Vehicle planetary stepless transmission |
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| CN101398067B CN101398067B (en) | 2013-02-20 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101705982B (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-11-09 | 陈广强 | Planetary transmission of extension rotating arm |
| CN102252075A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-23 | 陈广强 | Friction pair planet driven continuously variable transmission |
| CN102422052A (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2012-04-18 | 蒂姆肯公司 | Epicyclic gear system with semi-integrated flexpin assemblies |
| CN104864064A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-08-26 | 重庆工商职业学院 | Adjustable differential transmission system |
| CN105114568A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-02 | 张英华 | CVT stepless speed changer |
| CN105465315A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-04-06 | 湖北科峰传动设备有限公司 | Multi-inlet double-outlet type combined differential speed reducer |
| CN109383195A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-02-26 | 阿文美驰技术有限责任公司 | Vehicle bridge component with countershaft |
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| US4174640A (en) * | 1977-09-09 | 1979-11-20 | Textron Inc. | Traction-drive transmission |
| US4270415A (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1981-06-02 | Textron Inc. | Traction-drive transmission with hydraulic control |
| DE3215923A1 (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1983-11-03 | Neuweg Fertigung GmbH für Präzisionstechnik, 7932 Munderkingen | TORQUE DEPENDING PRESSURE DEVICE FOR A CONTINUOUSLY ADJUSTABLE BALL PLANETARY GEARBOX |
| CN2266665Y (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1997-11-05 | 周鸣杰 | Star type cone disk variable drive |
| CN2477894Y (en) * | 2001-05-06 | 2002-02-20 | 广东星光机电有限公司 | Planetary cone disk friction type stageless speed variator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102422052A (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2012-04-18 | 蒂姆肯公司 | Epicyclic gear system with semi-integrated flexpin assemblies |
| CN102422052B (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2014-09-24 | 蒂姆肯公司 | Epicyclic gear system with semi-integrated flexpin assemblies |
| CN101705982B (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-11-09 | 陈广强 | Planetary transmission of extension rotating arm |
| CN102252075A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-23 | 陈广强 | Friction pair planet driven continuously variable transmission |
| CN104864064A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-08-26 | 重庆工商职业学院 | Adjustable differential transmission system |
| CN105114568A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-02 | 张英华 | CVT stepless speed changer |
| CN105114568B (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-08-04 | 张英华 | CVT stepless speed changers |
| CN105465315A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-04-06 | 湖北科峰传动设备有限公司 | Multi-inlet double-outlet type combined differential speed reducer |
| CN105465315B (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-03-13 | 湖北科峰传动设备有限公司 | It is a kind of to enter scene 2 formula combination mechanical differential more |
| CN109383195A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-02-26 | 阿文美驰技术有限责任公司 | Vehicle bridge component with countershaft |
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