CN101398067B - Vehicle planetary stepless transmission - Google Patents
Vehicle planetary stepless transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN101398067B CN101398067B CN 200810081499 CN200810081499A CN101398067B CN 101398067 B CN101398067 B CN 101398067B CN 200810081499 CN200810081499 CN 200810081499 CN 200810081499 A CN200810081499 A CN 200810081499A CN 101398067 B CN101398067 B CN 101398067B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automobile planetary stepless transmission, which comprises deceleration, speed variable and differential transmission mechanisms combined to form a driving axle with a common shell. The automobile planetary stepless transmission is characterized in that a plurality of planetary gears are parallelly arranged in two branches to increase, decrease or shift the speed of bifurcated torques and rotating speeds. Then the plurality of planetary gears are converged into a tubular output shaft. The end of the output shaft is coupled to the driving element of a starting clutch. The driven element of the starting clutch is coupled to a differential transmission and a half-axle for driving wheels. The steel thin-wall planetary gears, which are designed as elastomers, namely flexible members, are radially clamped by two rigid driving wheels and two rigid outer pressing rings from both inside and outside to perform a planet operation. Each planetary gear conformably pushes a corresponding pin shaft, a pin bushing and an output disc. Branch torques of all the planetary gears are converged onto the two output discs to form a large torque of the output shaft. The automobile planetary stepless transmission has the advantages of wide variable range of the planetary transmission, long service life of a steel transmission pair, friction transmission, stable and comfortable properties of the combination of rigid and flexible transmission, compact structure and high-efficiency.
Description
1, technical field
Car steering has gear, and gear engagement manual shift and the self-shifting step change of hydraulic machine transmission are often arranged, and also has the multiple types stepless change.
The transmission system that drives from the motor to the wheel should subtract speed change and differential mechanism by device, the structure that Transmitted chains has subcombinations or is integrated.Friction driving realizes subtracting the transmission components such as planet wheel that speed change has various shape, also has pressurizing mechanism and arrangements for speed regulation, and the multirow star-wheel that especially has abundant resiliently deformable is realized the vehicle planetary stepless transmission of multiple spot power transmission Flexible Transmission.
2, background technique
Gear transmission has high efficiency and high-power, but is difficult to realize this theme of stepless change, and hydraulic machine transmission automaitc shfit has improved manipulation but increased oil consumption, and cost and user cost raise.Step change and ride characteristic are difficult to coupling, have influence on the common application of automobile.
Stepless change has obtained transmission performance and automobile mapping characteristics demand realizes optimum Match, makes fuel economy and drives the comfortable kilter that reaches.Use at present more metal band type CVT still excellent lacking mix half, band skew occurs when axial deciliter of speed governing is mobile, cause the distortion of band, transmission is impacted, noise increases, and has reduced stationarity, the life-span of band can rapid decline.This speed changer starting performance feels unsmooth, and the compression of band is consuming kinetic energy.Because band chain is by hundreds of spare pushing block series connection assembling, driving torque is by the frictional force transmission of pushing block and groove face, because the series relationship active force is one to reach two, two reach three again exists more loss in the relay-type transmission so, the tractional force that produces on every pushing block can not the arithmetic addition, so although it is more to participate in the pushing block of power transmission, that the independent action addition is multiplied each other and few, thereby total output is restricted.
Seeking and develop high-performance stepless speed variator is Hyundai Motor development inexorable trend, is the market demand and benefit goal, is effectively to reduce the consumption improvement cornering ability to reach more comfortable and safe important channel.
3, purpose
The present invention adopts the Flexible Transmission of multiple spot power transmission to realize the permanent power efficient of high-power large gear ratio and long-life as structure all over the body take a series of advantages of Gear Planet Transmission, and simplifications, energy-conservation, easy to manufacture, cost, the universal vehicle planetary stepless transmission of production and marketing are provided.This speed changer unit single-stage output speed has reached input speed until zero turn, and has shortened Transmitted chains, raises the efficiency, saves the space, reduces cost, and making drives a car, and to become very simple relaxation and happiness all-ages, realized Driving.
4, realize method of the present invention
Exploitation automative stepless speed-variation transmission meaning and Benefit, but the technical performance that must reach is the wide gap that existing all kinds of speed changers are difficult to break through.Gear can transmit high-powerly because of the profile of tooth that curing is arranged, and the flexible round and smooth smooth-going automobile running that is more suitable for of the smooth working surface transmission of friction wheel but must improve bearing capacity.Friction pair often adopted hard steel to the positive drive of hard steel in the past, and especially two protruding touching had mutually both made under huge impacting force its resiliently deformable very little, the stress high concentration, and contact stress is high, easily generates heat and weares and teares, and the life-span is generally shorter.Find after deliberation, friction driving has potential advantages, makes to produce when being subjected to impacting force to be enough to compensate when friction pair and makes and the resiliently deformable of assembly error, reduce rigidity, reach and defeat a force with a tenderness, increase contact contact area, make the transmission flexibility, reduce shock and vibration.Adopting relatively low impacting force and will obtaining larger driving force is to utilize gentle person to produce resiliently deformable under firm person's extruding, produces dimpling slope angle and concavo-convex bent altogether between the contact, has the equivalent engagement during transmission and improves Driving force.Be easy to form and keep larger Film Thickness Ratio owing to forming concavo-convex altogether bent oil film, the Traction Drive of oil film increases substantially bearing capacity.
Friction driving must contact just and can produce, and is zero distance between element contacts, so relative dimensions precision and shape position error are without a bit error.To realize in many ways conformity during assembling neutralization motion, depending merely on precision machining can't come into force, should utilize and adjust compensation constantly by actual distance and to change automatic in-position just effectual, the present invention that Here it is utilizes resiliently deformable and Optimal slipping rate to obtain high efficiency to realize high-power.
The present invention adopts the driving wheel of larger diameter to reach less peripheral force with the larger arm of force, the planet wheel of One's name is legion is housed at the driving wheel circumference simultaneously, making each planet wheel is to work separately in independence to become parallel transmission, and single moment can multiply each other with the Arithmetic Expressions Using addition.This speed changer divides two to pass to again same output shaft after planet wheel divides the conversion of confluxing input power accordingly, thus the contact of simultaneously independent power transmission double, in 16 planet wheels of a branch, the total torque=P of output shaft
1* 64 (P
1Be the peripheral force of each rubbing contact point energy transmission, R is the driving wheel radius of clean-up).Press P
1=200N, R=0.15m meter, total torque M=200 * 64 * 0.15=1920Nm (low velocity zone).
Friction driving more easily realizes high efficiency, multirow star-wheel high speed rotating especially, and efficient is higher than Planetary Gear Transmission, can reach more than 0.98.This is because gear utilizes relocation mechanism also to fail uniform load, and each planetary pinion can not instantaneous Complete Synchronization, and the gas-liquid of teeth groove or tooth plane polarization wave cause various resistances consumptions, has reduced transmission efficiency.And the friction wheel of smooth working surface does not just have such consume, and inertial force also takes full advantage of, and the in rapid succession and frequently elastic recoil effect of force effect of moment is also arranged.
The shape and structure of planet wheel and branch's transmission and the resiliently deformable that reaches and Optimal slipping rate have realized that efficient high power is main feature of the present invention and real breakpoint.
Next is core-less on the planet wheel working surface, and the speed governing displacement reaches full radius, realize that output speed equals input speed until zero turn, thereby simplified Transmitted chains, and also be outstanding contributions of the present invention.Big power variable speed also will solve some other technical barrier, and guide structure and the size shape of this speed changer have how bell formula, with H font planet wheel intermediate groove and the interlock of middle part axle.O font planet wheel often rolls mutually with cylindrical and the power transmission of guide cylindrical, so guide becomes the little and long rolling cover of external diameter.That each guide is made a pin-and-hole plate in addition, be inserted in each bearing pin with same plectane respective pin hole, and the middle part axle institute corresponding position of each planet wheel is made slippage slot, the planet wheel middle part axle carry-over moment in the corresponding groove of just in time packing into, planet wheel slippage in groove during speed governing, such circular plate type structure can reduce the motion bump between planet wheel and guide, reduces noise.Make a concerted effort but the revolution centrifugal force of planet wheel directly acts on can not form with peripheral force on the outer trim ring, but reduce noise, be usually used in lower-powered transmission.
5, technical measures
(1) high-power
It is very important that car transmissions are subject to its advantages of compact and light structure of spatial constraints, and planetary transmission is the elastic-friction wheel transmission of multiple spot power transmission especially, and in kind the manufacturing confirms it is optimal type.What stepless change was easy to realize most is the friction pair transmission, and adopts gear mesh force figure can realize that also the trial of big power variable speed does not get achievement so far.Imposing from gear transmission in the past is the ability of wanting that the large modulus by gear just has high-torque to promote, is to lose more than gain because the rigid teeth of solidifying manufactures " stepless " but.Friction driving need to compress and could produce frictional force, and the power transmission ability of single-point is subjected to the restriction of material allowable contact stress, certainly will roll up the power transmission point, and this will exert oneself by multirow star-wheel multiple spot.But the zero distance of friction pair contact is to the existence of multirow star-wheel power transmission " conformity " difficult problem in many ways, otherwise planet wheel is more, and irregular more uneven, the Passive part resisting moment forces transmission failure, becomes postiche consequence.
The present invention adopts the elastomer planet wheel to carry out hard and soft pairing to reach Flexible Transmission, a series of difficult problems are readily solved.Being the driving wheel of circular arc camber and outer trim ring on the monotony circumference, to keep the entity rigid construction be firm person, and quantity reaches and picks up several or several ten identical planet wheels of boundary dimension and change flexible member into from common rigid pipe.The steel working surface has again flexible of high hardness, but become easily deformable elastomer with thin-walled, compare with the solid thickness of driving wheel and outer trim ring, the flexibility of planet wheel increases, when mutually compressing on the contact relative dimensions of planet wheel and the working surface each contact point can with gentle allow firm, just be protruding gentle for recessed, form convex-concave and be total to bent transmission.Can reach with the flexibility of self variable planet wheel, but can be compressed into equidistant and finish between the two element of contact zero apart from engaging although number of packages is numerous, the multiple pressure contracting that deviation is large has been avoided soon and the collision between slow has reduced noise, has reached the rounder and more smooth ride comfort that steadily makes of transmission soft.
From motor through advancing or the clutch that reverses gear passes to transmission input shaft, input shaft and two cover branch speed change parts carry out side by side two the tunnel and divide the conversion of confluxing, two driving wheels of every suit and input shaft key connecting, two point of contact produce frictional force simultaneously when clamping planet wheel.The footpath that two outer trim rings have been controlled planet wheel is outwards moved, because outer trim ring does not rotate, so the planet wheel time rotational is namely done revolution moment is passed to bearing pin and output disc.Two output discs are connected on the same output shaft, and the torque of two branches focuses on again output mechanism.Input shaft is assigned to two cover branches with the total output of motor like this, each branch is distributed to each planet wheel again with torque, the generation frictional force that has point of contact of several ten planet wheels and driving wheel and outer trim ring, the little heating temperature rise of each contact stress is high low friction durability, and each planet wheel reaches independent separately and produces after the torque again addition together.
Output shaft connects with start clutch again, in conjunction with the time transmit motor torque, allow wheel move in the moments of inertia effect during separation, the less fuel-economizing of travelling of resistance of taxing square is better.
The power transmission of driving wheel, planet wheel, outer trim ring and bearing pin guide all betides in the same revolution section and forms plane system of force, is the main reason that increases substantially efficient.
The shape and structure of planet wheel has various ways, such as the axial cross section of H font and O font.The H font is core-less on the plug tap working surface, and the radius of clean-up is from center addendum cone no-radius until the full radius at edge, and groove is made in the centre, becomes a planet wheel by the middle part axle two side cones that are connected.The O font is the combinations of two thin-walled cones, core-less on the conical surface, and from the center addendum cone until the full radius of outer circular edge, two halfbody tapered sleeves close (being slidingly matched) becomes complete planet wheel to the radius of clean-up, the monosymmetric two work conical surfaces equally.And being housed, a pair of dish spring presses off all the time half cone in cavity.Do the time spent in impacting force after the assembling and more can produce resiliently deformable.And when contact, be easy to form concavo-convex altogether song, increase substantially bearing capacity.
Its deadweight of the planet wheel of H font or O font should be controlled, and reaching centrifugal force suitably also can be synthetic with peripheral force, reaches the high efficiency moment of thrust.The thin-walled type elastomer is remarkable for the effect of rolling friction pair raising frictional force, this flexibility that forms because of distortion not only makes transmission soft, smooth-going, round and smooth, ride comfort, and the concavo-convex altogether oligodynamics bent and spring-back force of point of contact have increased substantially efficient, this spring-back force to table tennis, blue ball is a bit similar, all plays usefulness difficult to the appraisal.
H font middle part axle diameter is little, contacts power transmission with large diameter guide cylindrical, and guide reaches very slow from rotating speed, has reduced various losses.
The O font is because thin-walled easily forms concavo-convex altogether song and spring-back force.Add by the control of the dish spring in chamber resiliently deformable, so deformation performance is better.
High-quality steel planet wheel has high-hardness, wearable through the heat treatment working surface and obtains the long-life, can also allow driving wheel and outer trim ring also significantly improve the life-span because of hard and soft pairing.
This speed changer can transmit larger power under the compact structure condition.Reach respectively the boundary dimension of corresponding power 45,60,90,135Kw speed changer≤350～400mm as 1500,2000,3000, during 4500r/min take input speed, can front wheel driving or rear driving, also can before and after simultaneously synchronized driving, only need simultaneously transmission of input shaft front-rear axle, adopt identical speed changer output speed synchronous same-speed operation.
The change of speed changer itself is slowed down and has been simplified Transmitted chains, on one side pass to oil pump from the motor output gear, another side imports active force into the cover of two on axle hydraulic type friction clutch, and control is advanced and reversing or neutral gear.The output of transmission shaft can be connected with the synchronous rotating Vortex of many covers stepless speed variator.Such motor can be simultaneously synchronized in the same way with a plurality of wheels of torque actuated, and quantity is from two to several.And the transmission conditions of every a pair of driving wheel is identical, and this is that the world is pioneering.Add output speed unit single-stage with input speed until zero turning; The breakthrough of the independence of resiliently deformable planet wheel power transmission in parallel; Realize large-scale integrated transmission creation new ideas.Motor has single cylinder and multi-cylinder, and multi-cylinder could be broken through high-power, and circuit is ganged up parallel connection, simultaneously along separate routes transmission of parallel connection.Make identical speed change and travel but only have the present invention to drive simultaneously numerous wheels, realize that the power of stepless speed variator is unrestricted.Because high-power transmission needs huge impacting force, the present invention adopts the small-sized involutory dish spring of many groups to stress on the end face of mobile outer trim ring, and not only the impacting force size is unrestricted, and the kinetic energy that do not consume durable in use also has overload protection function.Planet wheel trim ring outside slow-speed of revolution timing makes movably compresses the dish spring group on the end face once again, impacting force increases by design, and this is the needed impacting force of torque that increased of the slow-speed of revolution just, reaches complete permanent power transmission.
It is easily laborsaving again that control is handled in the high-power transmission speed governing, and the present invention is owing to adopting large worm gear or gearwheel tooth bar big retarding than transmission, and the angle of wedge that adds upper planet wheel is larger, so manoeuvrable is laborsaving, is convenient to automatic control.Worm gear or gear axis hole are made power screw, make a driving wheel axially divide resultant displacement with respect to another fixing initiatively crop rotation, finish quick or slow speed change, and transmission is stable level and smooth.
High-powerly to solve also that the easy user cost of maintenance is low could to produce high benefit.Because this speed changer is not to rely on the high coefficient of friction of traction fluid not improve transmission capacity, lubricated and bearing and the gear of speed changer lubricated identical lubricated easy to be abundant again.
(2), large gear ratio
Solved not only compact structure but also have large slewing range of high-power rear requirement.Because core-less on the planet wheel work conical surface, the point of contact displacement reaches full radius, and gear ratio has nothing to do with planet wheel outside dimension size, can adopt little external diameter to increase the number of packages of planet wheel, again can compact structure.This is major contribution of the present invention.
Stepless change is exactly that the pointwise of the transmission component radius of clean-up uninterruptedly changes, and the radius of clean-up smoothly increases and decreases, the continuous lifting of rotating speed.The torque increase and decrease becomes the round and smooth change of permanent power to improve driving comfort with rotation speed change.Range of infinitely variable speeds is travelled more greatly and level and smooth is thisly felt better, and especially this speed changer reaches from input speed and turns to zero, and every other speed change kind can't realize.Because core-less makes the circular arc working surface of two driving wheels and two outer trim rings have wider and inside and outside extension and over current protection band on the planet wheel working surface, reduce wearing and tearing and strengthened the life-span, avoid when limit speed is worked, occurring chance failure.
Vertex of a cone place, the center radius of planet wheel is to overlap with the driving wheel fixed contact point zero point during high speed, and it is H apart from the speed changer central axis, overlap with outer trim ring fixed contact and planet wheel external diameter edge radius is the R point, to the distance of central axis be H
2, output speed=input speed at this moment.Minimum speed is that the planet wheel footpath is outwards moved, and the center vertex of a cone overlaps with outer trim ring fixed contact point, planet wheel rotation radius=0, and output speed is zero.
Motor is through the directly input speed changer that suitably slows down, and the high regime of rotating speed 2000～4500r/min commonly used also can the low speed input.Output velocity ratio I
1=0.9～0.99 is the upper limit, I
2=0.03～0 is low speed limit.Because change was larger when sliding ratio and efficient especially approached zero turning in low velocity zone, actual torque descends much before stopping, and braking will be stopped a little.And after the starting a little fast torque increase rapidly, have high-torque and slow during starting, this is this speed changer characteristic.
Transfer to the low speed limit inferior with the high speed limes superiors, speed governing worm gear 1/3～1/2 turns, and the manipulation time is in 4～6 seconds.Because start clutch is installed on the ransaxle differential mechanism, almost unpowered transmission of wheel during disengaging, this is conducive to slide, and fuel-economizing is more obvious.The mechanical property of this speed change is extremely mated with the demand characteristics of travelling, and is described as follows (Figure 11) with the real examination of small-power of 4 pole motor transmissions of 1.5 kilowatts of power
Input 1500r/min, the highest output speed 1300～1350r/min, minimum speed are 40～50r/min.High speed efficient 〉=more than 0.9～0.98, the sliding ratio high velocity should control to below 5%, and middling speed district (300～800r/min section) sliding ratio is that 8%～10%, 200r/min can reach 15～20% with hypomere.Sliding ratio is relevant with the impacting force size, though too high impacting force reduces sliding ratio, many quick abrasion consumes of generating heat are serious.When sliding ratio was excessive, friction pair can occur badly damaged, so the sliding ratio of impacting force and load and control will be coordinated rationally could obtain best gear.With the 1500r/min input speed, output speed is that 950～100r/min is section commonly used, and Optimal slipping rate is 8～15%, and efficient and bearing capacity are in more steady state.
(3), permanent power
Power is driven two driving wheels of key connecting by the input shaft input.Two driving wheels are clamping all planet wheels simultaneously, owing to outer trim ring does not rotate, so planet crop rotation revolution motion passes to one group of guide and bearing pin with torque.Bearing pin and output disc are fixed with one, so output disc just rotates work done.The output disc here is exactly that gearwheel in the differential mechanism makes automobile running.Two driving wheels are with the frictional force transmission planet-gear, and planet wheel rolls with middle part axle or cylindrical and is delivered to guide, and guide is made circular movement to the rotating bearing pin that promotes simultaneously of bearing pin.To low speed governing, the planet wheel footpath is outwards moved, and rotating force arm increases, and movably outer trim ring forces disc spring pressing power to increase to the recompression of dish spring, and torque raise when output speed reduced.Then opposite to high velocity modulation.
One of two driving wheel is connected with input shaft, and another is done axial speed governing and moves, and handles synchronously automatically control by worm and worm gear or rack pinion, and the change of overlapping property is overpaied identical tooth and turned transmission by coaxial with the speed governing of device more.Because the worm gear axis hole makes power screw, axially advance to close during speed governing or recess to make two driving wheels pass the clamping of one group of planet wheel or unclamp, allow dish spring deformation force with the planet wheel return.Removable outer trim ring is compressed dish spring group by the thrust generation of planet wheel again or loosens, and impacting force increases or reduces, and all stations reach permanent power transmission.All changes all be gradually by and continuously, this is the automobile running round and smooth stationarity primary condition that need to provide just.
(4), high efficiency
Transmission efficiency is all very important to any transmission system, subtracts the speed change link from motor to the driving wheel more few more excellent.The motor output gear links with reverse clutch with advancing, or neutral gear.Two driving wheels of speed changer to each planet wheel, are pooled to the driving shaft torque distribution on the output disc again after the change of planet wheel radius of clean-up size reaches stepless change.Each active force occurs on the same plane of rotation becomes plane system of force.Because each and every one power transmission of elastomer planet wheel, having reduced the resistance square is efficient main cause.The gear pair of multirow star-wheel must have relocation mechanism to prevent unbalance loading, but uniform property and the conformity of more resilient planet wheel.The former is worse than the latter, so friction driving is higher than gear-driven efficiency.
Planet wheel arrives output disc with the little axle in middle part and guide cylindrical rolling power transmission, and guide does not bear only intermediate transfer thrust of torque, so no matter be that low speed or its consumption of higher rotation speed rotation hinder seldom.
Two branch's output discs of speed changer connect on the same output tubular axis, because the independence of each planet wheel power transmission and the conformity of speed change reach addition and multiply each other, the moment of components of each planet wheel is summed into a high-torque.
Transfer to the slow-speed of revolution, the planet wheel footpath is outwards moved, and rotating force arm increases, and arm of force angle is between 70 °-90 °, the effect of inertia addition of each flywheel moment, but centrifugal force greatly can be synthetic with peripheral force during the centrifugal force high speed of planet wheel, so high rotating speed district efficient is up to more than 0.98.In, low velocity zone, square numerical value that centrifugal force is pressed angular velocity reduces, centrifugal force becomes than low thrust, is applied on the dish spring, and at this moment is subject to the displacement of outer trim ring because of the dish spring, impacting force increases exponentially, the impacting force on the driving wheel increases synchronously.Centrifugal force can be synthetic with peripheral force, and jointly form thrust and increase torque, be one of efficient reason.Speed changer adopts the elastomer planet wheel to rely on elastic recoil power to improve again relative reduce impacting force of frictional force, and reducing loss also is high efficiency the second factor.
(5), the long-life
Common product nearly all be hard steel to the rigidity friction pair of hard steel, required impacting force is several ten times of peripheral force.Short main cause of life-span so contact stress is too high.
This speed changer adopts elastomeric numerous planet wheel fully to divide the transmission of confluxing, and is the main cause of long-life so contact stress hangs down.
The hard and soft pairing of friction pair reaches softization transmission, contact concavo-convex altogether Qu Zengda work contact face.Fully lubricated, oil film performance traction power transmission has also improved working life.
Common speed changer planet wheel band disjunctor axle has been because the diameter of axle has limited displacement, for obtain larger slewing range have to face width with driving wheel or outer trim ring narrow down to very narrow, (only approximately 1 millimeter).And two Drawing cone core-less of the planet wheel of this speed changer, two driving wheels and two outer trim rings have broad wall and deep camber circular curve, leave down diametrically to extend and the transition zone protective layer Effective Raise working life.The top place of planet wheel can adopt composite structure that the vertex of a cone is partly made high-hardness and slow down wearing and tearing because the little wear resistance of radius of curvature is the most weak.Perhaps with planet wheel as relativity half easily damaged parts, suitably the time limit is changed and is improved machine life.
(6), speed regulating control
Ride safety of automobile is reliably important.Handle simple, the light laborsaving computer control of being convenient to, eliminate tension intensity, have kinds of protect very necessary.This speed changer speed regulating control adopts worm gear or gear transmission, and durable in use being difficult for breaks down.From at a high speed to low speed governing time several seconds quick agilities only.Can stop operating rapidly after the speed changer power cut, noninertia is creeped.To stall, braking torque can diminish by nature at low speed, brakes a little just stall by the position.And the starting raising speed, torque increases fast until the highest moment of torsion, so at a slow speed starting and accelerating gradually.
Automobile must be that low cost could allow masses afford as the universalness modern means of communication.Being that low consumption is energy-saving simultaneously also affords to use.Also will being perfectly safe, everybody can handle.And drive and happyly could realize Driving.
6, substantial progress
It is believed that in the past that the friction driving difficulty can realize high-power and the high efficiency transmission, so often bear the speed change that subtracts of automobile with gear.Because gear has and solidifies the rigidity profile of tooth and can bear the larger thrust of transmission, but is difficult to carry out stepless change, and exist inevitably shock and vibration and noise larger.
More want smooth-going and round and smooth for automobile running, reach driving comfortable and safe.So friction driving is because working surface is that level and smooth transmission has soft property smoothness, it the most easily realizes multiple spot power transmission and stepless change.Gear is subjected to the restriction that the number of teeth can not be very little, and the size of friction member planet wheel can be dwindled arbitrarily, and when identical appearance, friction driving can have more the multirow star-wheel participate in transmission to improve bearing capacity.
The present invention is distributed to the multiple-limb transmission with motor high-power, each branch has again numerous planet wheels to be in independence generation frictional force, these moments come together in same output mechanism with addition again, several ten planet wheels transmit a large torque, and the contact stress of the less formation of impacting force on each force bearing point is also less.Because number is numerous, must be the elastomer planet wheel, this is feature of the present invention just.
Solved and reached again high efficiency after high-power, this is to adopt the spring-back force of resiliently deformable and the result of Optimal slipping rate.Thin-walled type is combined with the dish spring again, the in a big way automatic compensating adjustment of the operation thickness of planet wheel, and produce all the time impacting force and contact with two driving wheels and two outer trim rings, reaching in service does not have " passive " part to reduce resisting moment.
Core-less on the planet wheel two work conical surfaces, both the radius of clean-up was from 0 to full radius in the contact displacement in the speed governing, and output speed equals input speed until zero turn, and realizes the slewing range of maximum permanent power transmission.
Adopt the small-sized dish spring pressurization of many groups, reach impacting force unrestricted, and the function that do not consume again durable in use, this is more favourable than hydraulic compression.
Nearly all automotive transmission can't be made as one with ransaxle, and the present invention will subtract speed change and differential mechanism and share casing, and dual functions and save the space shortens Transmitted chains and raises the efficiency.Driving wheel is the reducer gear direct-connection transmission normally, so drive gear impulsion impact is arranged.And this speed changer is delivered to driving wheel at last with the soft property of friction driving, thereby it is the most steady comfortable to travel.Gear transmission and common friction wheel transmission all are positive drives, and having this speed changer only is that hard and soft pairing reaches Flexible Transmission.
The present invention has innovated structure and character shape because having found to improve the mechanism of force of rolling friction, can replace gear transmission with the new advantage of friction driving, and especially defeating a force with a tenderness is applied to the essential flexibility of vehicle transmission, and it is of the present invention substantive progressive that Here it is.
7, embodiment
Describe content and the detail of this speed changer below in conjunction with accompanying drawing in detail, implement the effective way of this speed changer.Accompanying drawing 1 is speed changer O font axial, cross-sectional view, core-less on hemicone 1 and the 3 work conical surfaces, and the radius of clean-up is from conical centre 0 radius until the full radius of cylindrical.Be combined into a planet wheel behind the 2 half Drawing cone phase flip sleeves, fill an involutory dish spring 2 in interior, the dish spring produces thrust all the time increases the spacing of plug tap, two driving wheels or outside trim ring form to clamp pitch contacts and produce pressure, its elastic deformation amount larger (both dish spring amount of deformation) and wall thickness can more to be beneficial to working surface stressed and concavo-convex altogether bent contact condition occurs, the more effective increasing friction force transmission of the transmission spring-back force of formation improves bearing capacity.
Accompanying drawing 2 is speed changer H font axial, cross-sectional view, core-less on two outsides work conical surface, and intermediate portion is to make groove type hollow, only staying the careful axle in middle part that two side hemicones are connected is a whole planet wheel.
Two side Drawing cone wall thickness are determined by the impacting force size, are reached the displacement that suitable resiliently deformable value is convenient to again planet wheel in the speed governing.Because disc spring pressing power is consistent with rotating speed lifting torque increase and decrease all the time, so select the larger angle of wedge, half wedge α=8-12 ° commonly used, H font planet wheel middle part heart section and two side hemicone wall thickness should all claim to avoid heat treatment stress to concentrate, and prevent crackle.Material wants hardness and toughness two high, also wants the elastic module of certain value.
Fig. 3 is the transmission schematic diagram that promotes guide 2 in 1 work of O font planet wheel.In planet wheel when revolution, produced centrifugal force, does the footpath and outwards move and certainly will push stopping of guide open, thereby form centrifugal force and peripheral force synthesizes larger Driving force (making a concerted effort).
Fig. 4 is H font planet wheel at the larger guide Contact Transmission situation schematic diagram of middle part axle and external diameter, and guide shape at this moment is such as a pad, is inserted in the groove in the middle of the planet wheel.So the rotation of guide is very slowly turned round because big retarding becomes, and the thrust of planet wheel is delivered on bearing pin and the output disc thereof, various resistances consumptions reduce, and efficient is high.
Fig. 5 is that the high velocity planet wheel is to two driving wheels and two outer trim ring relative stations schematic diagram, 1 is driving wheel among the figure, the 2nd, and outer trim ring, A point are that the driving wheel fixed contact contacts with the planet wheel centerline, the B point is that outer trim ring fixed contact contacts speed ratio at this moment with the external diameter edge of planet wheel
Output speed=input speed.
Fig. 6 is that the low velocity zone planet wheel is to the relative stations schematic diagram of two driving wheels and two outer trim rings, 1 is driving wheel among the figure, the 2nd, outer trim ring, the A point is that driving wheel contacts with the outer most edge place of planet wheel, at this moment planet wheel center line has moved on the fixing contact of outer trim ring, so its rotation radius of clean-up r
0=0.Speed ratio
Output speed is zero turning.
Fig. 7 be the speed changer planet wheel with every pair of guide separately the Q that makes a concerted effort that forms of free-standing power transmission in parallel and centrifugal force F thereof and peripheral force P occur on the same plane of rotation and form plane system of force, the working principle signal of raising the efficiency is analyzed.
Fig. 8 is that another of speed changer is equivalent to the plectane figure of guide function, and each hole correspondence of plectane 1 is matched on the bearing pin that is connected on the output disc, and the chute of each breach type is just allowing the middle part axle of each planet wheel stick into that two sides leave the gap in groove.Planet wheel 2 is H font structures.
Fig. 9 is the axial cross section schematic diagram after planet wheel and the plectane assembling.Two conical surfaces divided in two sides after planet wheel was inserted in plectane, did not exert an influence with the Contact Transmission of two driving wheels and two outer trim rings.
Figure 10 is the performance diagram with a test-type speed changer of transmission of 1.5 kilowatts of 4 pole motors, the structure of this speed changer is identical with vehicle planetary stepless transmission with working mechanism, is that the explanation vehicle planetary stepless transmission has very high bearing capacity and the example of efficient.
Accompanying drawing 11 is mechanism maps of vehicle planetary stepless transmission, speed changer and differential mechanism are made the integrated form ransaxle, before and after it can be arranged in or intermediate driven wheel, perhaps many to installing, can be simultaneously in the same way synchronous same-speed disperse to be delivered to the total output of same motor many to driving wheel.
1 is hold concurrently clutch driven member combination of output shaft among the figure, the 2nd, the clutch plunger assembly, 3 clutch driving links with export tubular axis and output disc and connect 4 tubular type output shafts, 5 left output discs, 6 fixed driving wheels, 7 dish spring groups, 8 left end caps, 9 move outer trim ring, 10 guidees, 11 fixed outer trim rings, 12 1 groups of guidees, 13 1 groups of planet wheels, 14 move driving wheel, 15 speed governing worm gears, 16 input gearwheels, 17 input small gears, 18 screw pair Mobile bases, 19 left and right sides input shafts, 20 middle casings, 21 right end caps, 22 right output discs, 23 right half-bridges, 24 right bearings, 25 differential gear set, 26 oil-sealing arrangements, 27 bearings, 28 seal arrangements, 29 bearings, 30 left half-bridges, 31 worm screws.
Motor output gear and forward gear and reverse gear and clutch linkage, control is advanced, is reversed gear or neutral.Small gear 17 is determined by the speed of a motor vehicle and high engine speeds with the reduction speed ratio of gear 16.Gear 16 is with the same left and right sides input shaft 19 that connects of key, two involutory driving wheels 6 and 14 are clamping one group of planet wheel 13, and will be pressed on the working surface of two outer trim rings 9 and 11, because dish spring group compresses movably outer trim ring 9, because two outer trim rings 9 and 11 do not rotate, planet wheel 13 is just done the revolution operation, at this moment planet wheel 13 is at middle part axle or outer circle diameter and the 10 phase transmissions of one group of guide, guide 10 is actively set on the bearing pin 12, bearing pin 12 is connected on output disc 5 or 22, two output disc 5 and 22 becomes the single-revolution body with close-fitting at output shaft 4, output shaft 4 ends connect again the half-clutch device 3 of an active and be transferred to the output combination that clutch driven member 1 namely forms after oil pressure compress friction plate, drive one group of differential gear 25 in the chamber, finally be transferred to semiaxis and drive wheel.
Planet wheel 13 is middle rolling elements, is the numerous parts of important again number, suitably can remove outer trim ring behind the time limit, changes planet wheel 13 during enlarge bolt interval.Bearing 27,29 supporting output shaft assemblying bodys are driven clutch outer member both, the pressure oil that enters clutch by this shell lead to into, with left and right sides seal arrangement 26 and 28 between end cap shaft hole and output shaft cylindrical.
Accompanying drawing 12 is motor output bevel gear and forward gear and arrives the interlock of gear bevel gear clutch community, 1 motor among the figure, 2 engine gears, 3 reverse gear clutch and bevel gears, 4 forward gear clutch and bevel gears, 5 input bevel gears, 6 Driving axle housings, 7 driving wheels.
Because speed changer has very large reduction speed ratio, make transmission system that reduction gear can no longer be set, speed changer and ransaxle are combined into one, reduce institute and take up space, the shortening transmission link is raised the efficiency and is reduced cost.Bevel gear engagement is arranged respectively and advance and the clutch linkage that reverses gear from the motor output gear, but such simplified structure.Also can be imported into by cylindric spiral gear, but two the cover clutches arrange respectively, the input speed of speed changer can be higher.
The output shaft of speed changer by about 2 half connect with start clutch, the transmission of driving wheel is rounder and more smooth smooth-going, the soft property of friction driving is higher.Because from not having common this link of bevel gear gearing down to driving wheel behind the speed changer, just do not had the influence of vibration of gear engagement yet.
Claims (3)
1. an automobile variable speed transmission device has deceleration speed changer and differential mechanism, passes to described differential mechanism through described speed changer conversion and semiaxis drives wheel from the power of motor output again; It is characterized in that: described speed changer divides the realization speed change of confluxing by two branch's elastomer planet wheels of parallel connection, described planet wheel is made of steel thin-wall type elastomer structure, described planet wheel separately independent and transferring power in parallel to one group of bearing pin and guide, be pooled to again two output discs, described two output discs are connected to same output shaft, the end of described output shaft connects the driving link of start clutch, and the driven member of described start clutch is equipped with the left half section bull gear that consists of described differential mechanism of tubulose output shaft of differential gear again with inner chamber; The described differential gear of one cover connects with described output shaft and described tubulose output shaft, and described speed changer and ransaxle are combined into one; Described planet wheel adopts the mode transferring power of friction driving, and described planet wheel is steel thin-wall type elastomer, and its axial cross section that is shaped as core-less on two outsides work conical surface is " O " font shape for " H " font shape or axial cross section; Be subject to the outer trim rings of two driving wheels and two and compress, described planet wheel can the automatic compensating adjustment by folder place thickness; Contact friction power transmission point on the described planet wheel and described driving wheel and described outer trim ring, namely the radius of clean-up reaches the full radius from top 0 radius of the conical surface of described planet wheel to the outermost circle edge.
2. automobile variable speed transmission device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described axial cross section is made groove for the centre of both sides first hemicone of the planet wheel of " H " font shape, the middle part axle less by diameter is fixed into an integral body with described both sides the first hemicone, and described middle part axle cylindrical contacts for rolling with described guide cylindrical; And described axial cross section is combined for the planet wheel of " O " font shape the second hemicone phase flip sleeve by two thin-walleds, core-less on the outer cone working surface of described two the second hemicones, the inner chamber of described two the second hemicones is equipped with the dish spring and always two the second hemicones is pressed off, be subject to described two driving wheels and described two outer trim rings compressions, the cone thickness stress deformation of described two the second hemicones, each described planet wheel automatic compensating is adjusted the work cell distance.
3. automobile variable speed transmission device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: uniform one group of described bearing pin and described guide between each described planet wheel revolution circumference, and described bearing pin is connected on the described output disc; Described guide has various shape, and what cooperates for the planet wheel of " H " font shape with axial cross section is washer-shaped, and what be that the planet wheel of " O " font shape cooperates with axial cross section is sleeve-shaped; Two described driving wheels, the moment transmission of one group of described planet wheel and described bearing pin and guide occurs in same central cross-section, and becomes the plane system of force on the turning surface.
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| CN 200810081499 CN101398067B (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2008-02-20 | Vehicle planetary stepless transmission |
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| CN 200810081499 CN101398067B (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2008-02-20 | Vehicle planetary stepless transmission |
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| CN101398067A CN101398067A (en) | 2009-04-01 |
| CN101398067B true CN101398067B (en) | 2013-02-20 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102422052B (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2014-09-24 | 蒂姆肯公司 | Epicyclic gear system with semi-integrated flexpin assemblies |
| CN101705982B (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-11-09 | 陈广强 | Planetary transmission of extension rotating arm |
| CN102252075A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-23 | 陈广强 | Friction pair planet driven continuously variable transmission |
| CN104864064A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-08-26 | 重庆工商职业学院 | Adjustable differential transmission system |
| CN105114568B (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-08-04 | 张英华 | CVT stepless speed changers |
| CN105465315B (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-03-13 | 湖北科峰传动设备有限公司 | It is a kind of to enter scene 2 formula combination mechanical differential more |
| US10513146B2 (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-12-24 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Axle assembly having a countershaft |
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| US4270415A (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1981-06-02 | Textron Inc. | Traction-drive transmission with hydraulic control |
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| CN2266665Y (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1997-11-05 | 周鸣杰 | Fixed star conical disc stepless speed variator |
| CN2477894Y (en) * | 2001-05-06 | 2002-02-20 | 广东星光机电有限公司 | Planetary cone disk friction type stageless speed variator |
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| US4174640A (en) * | 1977-09-09 | 1979-11-20 | Textron Inc. | Traction-drive transmission |
| US4270415A (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1981-06-02 | Textron Inc. | Traction-drive transmission with hydraulic control |
| US4593574A (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1986-06-10 | Neuweg Fertigung Gmbh | Torque-dependent pressure mechanism for continuously adjustable ball-type planetary gear set |
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