CN101397903B - Method for monitoring sleeve circumferential strain by using optical fibre grating sensor - Google Patents
Method for monitoring sleeve circumferential strain by using optical fibre grating sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101397903B CN101397903B CN200810175822A CN200810175822A CN101397903B CN 101397903 B CN101397903 B CN 101397903B CN 200810175822 A CN200810175822 A CN 200810175822A CN 200810175822 A CN200810175822 A CN 200810175822A CN 101397903 B CN101397903 B CN 101397903B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for monitoring the circumferential strain of a casing by applying optical-fiber grating sensors, which mainly solves the problem that an electric-resistance strain gauge adopted of the current technology for monitoring the circumferential deformation of the casing is easy to be affected by electromagnetism in a well and corrosion, thus causing a measured circumferential strain signal of the casing to be inaccurate. The method is characterized in that: the optical-fiber grating sensors are arranged outside the casing along the circumferential direction of the casing, wherein, a plurality of optical-fiber grating sensors are evenly arranged around the casing; sections of adjacent intervals form a certain angle; an optical-fiber temperature compensating sensor is arranged in a position at a corresponding distance away from the group of sensors; the optical-fiber grating sensors are applied to monitoring the circumferential deformation and stress status of the casing within certain ranges; meanwhile, the temperature compensating sensor is applied to serving the temperature compensation and temperature monitoring in the well of the strain sensor; the sensors transmit underground signals to the ground by a transmission optical cable; and the signals can be transformed into the circumferential strain information of the casing after a demodulation instrument obtains the signals and carries out secondary treatment. The method is characterized by not being affected by the underground electromagnetism.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of monitoring sleeve circumferential strain in the sleeve in oil field damage research field, relate to a kind of based on optical fiber grating sensing and the method for monitoring sleeve circumferential strain by using optical fibre grating sensor specifically.
Background technology:
At present, oil, well cover decrease in the research field in the oil field, and the method for pipe external monitor sleeve circumferential distortion is: outside the sleeve pipe top layer, lay resistance strain gage, be sent to ground to the electrostrictive strain signal that resistance strain gage produces by transmission line then.The greatest problem that this method exists is exactly that resistance strain gage is subject to the influence that downhole electromagnetic disturbs and corrodes, and causes measured sleeve circumferential strain signal inaccurate.
Summary of the invention:
Adopt resistance strain gage in order to solve in the existing monitoring sleeve circumferential deformation technology; Be subject to the influence that downhole electromagnetic disturbs and corrodes; Cause the measured inaccurate problem of sleeve circumferential strain signal, the present invention provides a kind of method of monitoring sleeve circumferential strain by using optical fibre grating sensor, uses this method; Have and not receive the downhole electromagnetic characteristics of interference; And employed fiber-optic grating sensor group is very corrosion-resistant through special repacking, is very suitable under the harsh environmental conditions of down-hole, using.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the method for this kind monitoring sleeve circumferential strain by using optical fibre grating sensor; Constitute by following steps: after one group of fiber-optic grating sensor of arranging along sleeve circumferential and a fiber optic temperature compensation sensor polyphone are connected; Through glass fabric and epoxide-resin glue parcel; The holding wire of being drawn is connected with transmission cable, and the other end of said transmission cable is connected to the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator that rest on the ground, will be by the grating centre wavelength information of said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator acquisition; After temperature-compensating and initial value compensation, be converted into the sleeve circumferential deformation information according to following secondary demodulation method.Wherein said secondary demodulation method is:
In the actual monitoring process, use said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator test sample the centre wavelength information of each fiber-optic grating sensor, i.e. λ constantly;
The centre wavelength of the sampling instant fiber-optic grating sensor in the said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is derived through movable memory equipment;
Use the centre wavelength information of said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator measuring fiber temperature compensation sensor, i.e. λ
T
The centre wavelength information of the sampling instant fiber optic temperature compensation sensor in the said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is derived through movable memory equipment;
Because the fiber optic temperature compensation sensor does not receive external force, so its centre wavelength is λ
T=C
TΔ T combines it, promptly with temperature, strain coupling model
Δλ＝C
εΔε+C
TΔT (1)
Obtain: λ
ε=Δ λ-Δ λ
T=C
εΔ ε (3)
Wherein, Δ λ, Δ λ
T, C
ε, C
TAnd Δ ε is followed successively by the sensitivity coefficient of center wavelength variation amount, optical grating axial strain and the center wavelength variation relation of fiber-optic grating sensor center wavelength variation amount, fiber optic temperature compensation sensor, the sensitivity coefficient and the deflection of fiber grating temperature sensor respectively, and Δ T is a temperature variation;
By above-mentioned formula (1)～formula (3) data of being stored are calculated; Can obtain the relation between the centre wavelength of deflection and fiber-optic grating sensor (7); Because fiber-optic grating sensor is to lay along sleeve circumferential, with the sleeve circumferential cooperative transformation, the deflection λ that is therefore asked for
εIt is exactly the circumferential distortion of sleeve pipe.
For reaching monitoring effect preferably, when accomplishing above-mentioned steps, can carry out in such a way:
1. confirm to lay under the predetermined sleeve pipe of sensor dark, and on the predetermined sleeve pipe in ground the installing and locating joint;
2. 4 grating grating sensors and 1 fiber optic temperature compensation sensor are welded together;
3. measure sleeve pipe, confirm the sensor installation position, the polishing and use the alcohol wash sleeve surface, guarantee its surperficial free from admixture;
4. the position of sleeve surface perpendicular alignmnet landing nipple is confirmed as the position of first bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensor L-1, be fixed in sleeve surface with chemical glue;
5. according to the method described above sleeve circumferential at interval certain angle lay all the other bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensors, by numbering L-2 clockwise, L-3, L-4;
6. organize 0.3 meter of fiber-optic grating sensor laying optical fiber temperature compensation sensor apart from this, and lifting one's head and the transmission cable welding a plurality of sensors;
7. the Optical Fiber Transmission cable section being arranged on sensor place, the sleeve pipe and carrying out three layers of coating with epoxide-resin glue and glass fabric in 3 meters scopes vertically;
8. at the transmission cable one end welding wire jumper head in exit, connect fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, prepare setting of casing;
9. in the setting of casing process transmission cable by rig floor well head place with single sleeve pipe G.I.H, every casing coupling place adopts 1 cable protection cover that transmission cable is protected.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention with the theory of the fiber optical first Application in the monitoring sleeve circumferential strain field; The deflection of the fiber-optic grating sensor that utilization can be asked for and draw with it the circumferentially circumferential deflection of the sleeve pipe of cooperative transformation; Overcome the limitation that the available technology adopting resistance strain gage is subject to electromagnetic interference, had a revolutionary breakthrough.In addition; The present invention is when using; Utilize epoxy resin and glass fabric to coat the encapsulation of protection back to common fiber-optic grating sensor group, make this fiber-optic grating sensor that has improved to adapt to the abominable operating condition in down-hole, guaranteed stability the sleeve circumferential deformation monitoring.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the course of work sketch map of related method among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of employed transmission cable among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the sectional drawing of the fiber-optic grating sensor arranged along sleeve circumferential among the present invention.
1-sleeve pipe among the figure, 2-casing coupling, 3-fiber optic temperature compensation sensor, 4-landing nipple, 5-stratum; 6-target zone casing coupling, 7-fiber-optic grating sensor, 8-epoxide-resin glue and glass fabric, 9-cable protection cover, 10-transmission cable; The 11-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, the outer PU sheath of 12-, the mesh grid of 13-outer layer metal, PU sheath in the 14-; The mesh grid of 15-inner layer metal, 16-Kafra fiber, 17-metal hose, 18-optical fiber.
The specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further:
Method described in the present invention is the using optical fibre grating sensing principle, and fiber-optic grating sensor is laid in the preset sleeve pipe off-balancesheet that cover decreases the interval that takes place frequently along sleeve circumferential.Wherein a plurality of bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensors are distributed on around the sleeve pipe, and adjacent spacing cross section is angled.Organizing sensor respective place laying optical fiber temperature compensation sensor apart from this.Using optical fibre grating sensor monitoring little deformation of sleeve pipe and the force-bearing situation thereof in the sensor certain limit, the application of temperature compensation sensor is monitored with downhole temperature as the temperature-compensating of strain transducer simultaneously.Sensor is sent to ground through transmission cable with underground signal, can be converted into the pressure and temperature that needs through the (FBG) demodulator subsequent treatment.Based on fiber grating principle and produced fiber-optic grating sensor has obtained application in a lot of fields, but but be that the present invention relates to first in the application of sleeve in oil field damage research field, specifically the constituting of this method:
After one group of fiber-optic grating sensor 7 of arranging along sleeve circumferential and fiber optic temperature compensation sensor 3 polyphones are connected; Through glass fabric and epoxide-resin glue parcel; The holding wire of being drawn is connected with transmission cable 10; The other end of said transmission cable 10 is connected to the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 11 that rest on the ground, will be by the grating centre wavelength information of said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 11 acquisitions, after temperature-compensating and initial value compensation; Be converted into the sleeve circumferential deformation information according to following secondary demodulation method, wherein said secondary demodulation method is:
In the actual monitoring process, use said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 11 test sample the centre wavelength information of each fiber-optic grating sensor 7, i.e. λ constantly;
The centre wavelength of the sampling instant fiber-optic grating sensor 7 in the said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 11 is derived through movable memory equipment;
Use the centre wavelength information of said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 11 measuring fiber temperature compensation sensors 3, i.e. λ
T
The centre wavelength information of the sampling instant fiber optic temperature compensation sensor 3 in the said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is derived through movable memory equipment;
Because fiber optic temperature compensation sensor 3 does not receive external force, so its centre wavelength is λ
T=C
TΔ T combines it, promptly with temperature, strain coupling model
Δλ＝C
εΔε+C
TΔT (1)
Obtain: λ
ε=Δ λ-Δ λ
T=c
εΔ ε (3)
Wherein, Δ λ, Δ λ
T, C
ε, C
TAnd Δ ε is followed successively by the sensitivity coefficient of center wavelength variation amount, optical grating axial strain and the center wavelength variation relation of fiber-optic grating sensor center wavelength variation amount, fiber optic temperature compensation sensor, the sensitivity coefficient and the deflection of fiber grating temperature sensor respectively;
By above-mentioned formula (1)～formula (3) data of being stored are calculated; Can obtain the relation between the centre wavelength of deflection and fiber-optic grating sensor 7; Because fiber-optic grating sensor 7 is to lay along sleeve circumferential, with the sleeve circumferential cooperative transformation, the deflection λ that is therefore asked for
εIt is exactly the circumferential distortion of sleeve pipe.
For reaching monitoring effect preferably, accomplish along sleeve circumferential arranged light fiber grating sensor 7 and a fiber optic temperature compensation sensor 3, and draw the process that holding wire is connected with transmission cable 10 and carry out according to following steps:
1. confirm to lay under the predetermined sleeve pipe of sensor dark, and on the predetermined sleeve pipe in ground installing and locating joint 4;
2. 4 fiber-optic grating sensors and 1 fiber optic temperature compensation sensor are welded together;
3. measure sleeve pipe, confirm the sensor installation position, the polishing and use the alcohol wash sleeve surface, guarantee its surperficial free from admixture;
4. the position of sleeve surface perpendicular alignmnet landing nipple 4 is confirmed as the position of first bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensor L-1, be fixed in sleeve surface with chemical glue;
5. according to the method described above sleeve circumferential at interval certain angle lay all the other bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensors, by numbering L-2 clockwise, L-3, L-4
6. organize 0.3 meter of fiber-optic grating sensor laying optical fiber temperature compensation sensor apart from this, and lifting one's head and transmission cable 10 weldings a plurality of sensors;
7. the optical fiber transmission line part being arranged on sensor place, the sleeve pipe and carrying out three layers of coating with epoxide-resin glue and glass fabric in 3 meters scopes vertically;
8. at the transmission cable one end welding wire jumper head in exit, connect fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 11, prepare setting of casing;
9. in the setting of casing process transmission cable by rig floor well head place with single sleeve pipe G.I.H, every casing coupling 2 place adopt 9 pairs of transmission cables of 1 cable protection cover to protect.
For improving tensile strength and lateral pressure resistant intensity; The transmission cable 10 that is adopted is made up of optical fiber 18, metal hose 17, Kafra fiber 16, inner layer metal mesh grid 15, interior PU sheath 14, outer layer metal mesh grid 13 and outer PU sheath 12 successively from inside to outside; As shown in Figure 2; After improving like this, tensile strength and lateral pressure resistant intensity have increased by 4 times and 5 times respectively, are fit to very much the bad working environments of down-hole.In addition, can fiber optic temperature compensation sensor 3 be placed in the draw point needle tubing, so both can protect sensor, and because metal has good thermal conductivity, the numerical value that can guarantee sensor again reaction temperature accurately changes the strain value that causes.
In the specific implementation, fiber-optic grating sensor is the Harbin City Taida that GFRP-OFBG sensor that Science and Technology Ltd. produced, and its 60 ℃ of base strength loss lates of 2 months (PH＞13) are lower than 24.8%, and acid strength loss late (PH＜1) is lower than 12.5%; Salt loss of strength rate (NaCl) is lower than 6.8%, and its precision can reach ± 5 μ ε, and specific targets are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
The SM125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator that used fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator selects for use Micron Optics Inc. to produce.
Said method is implemented in apricot 10-4-third 3132 well test, wherein, 803 meters of the apricot 10-4-third 3132 tender II segment standard of the well layer depth, under the landing nipple dark 809.52 meters, sensor is laid in apart from 1.5 meters, landing nipple top, following dark 808.02 meters.Adopt 12 equal portions of bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensor around sleeve pipe, adjacent spacing cross section becomes 30 degree, and near the bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensor, lays temperature compensation sensor.Transmission cable is protected with the cable protection cover in the casing coupling position.Sensor is sent to ground through transmission cable with underground signal, can be converted into the pressure and temperature that needs through the (FBG) demodulator subsequent treatment.Setting of casing is accomplished the sensor laying the previous day, and its concrete construction technology process is following:
1) confirm to lay under the predetermined sleeve pipe of sensor dark, and on the predetermined sleeve pipe in ground the installing and locating joint;
2) 4 naked grating strain transducers and 1 temperature pick up are welded together;
3) measure sleeve pipe, confirm the sensor installation position, the polishing and use the alcohol wash sleeve surface, guarantee its surperficial free from admixture;
4) position of sleeve surface perpendicular alignmnet landing nipple is confirmed as the position of first bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensor L-1, with 502 glue fixed gratings in sleeve surface;
5) spend all the other 3 bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensors of laying according to this kind method at sleeve circumferential interval 30;
6) organizing sensor 0.3 meter laying optical fiber temperature compensation sensor W-1 with quadrat method apart from this, and lifting one's head and the welding of transmission armouring optical cable 5 sensors;
7) the optical fiber transmission line part being arranged on sensor place, the sleeve pipe and carrying out three layers of coating with epoxide-resin glue and glass fabric in 3 meters scopes vertically;
8) at the armouring optical cable one end welding wire jumper head in exit, connect (FBG) demodulator, prepare setting of casing;
9) in the setting of casing process transmission cable by rig floor well head place with single sleeve pipe G.I.H, every casing coupling place adopts 1 cable protection cover that transmission cable is protected, and uses (FBG) demodulator simultaneously sensor values is monitored in real time;
10) after optical cable picks out well head, welding wire jumper head again, and protect in the thereto, be convenient to follow-up monitoring.
In accomplishing the above-mentioned course of work, owing to exist lot of data to calculate, therefore can development computer software will pass through obtaining information after the demodulation of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and change into needed sleeve circumferential strain information, to save a large amount of manual calculation.
Claims (4)
1. the method for a monitoring sleeve circumferential strain by using optical fibre grating sensor; It is characterized in that: after one group of fiber-optic grating sensor (7) of arranging along sleeve circumferential and a fiber optic temperature compensation sensor (3) polyphone are connected; Through glass fabric and epoxide-resin glue parcel; The holding wire of being drawn is connected with transmission cable (10); The other end of said transmission cable (10) is connected to the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (11) that rest on the ground, will be by the grating centre wavelength information of said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (11) acquisition, after temperature-compensating and initial value compensation; Be converted into the sleeve circumferential deformation information according to following secondary demodulation method, wherein said secondary demodulation method is:
In the actual monitoring process, use said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (11) test sample the centre wavelength information of each fiber-optic grating sensor (7), i.e. λ constantly;
The centre wavelength of the sampling instant fiber-optic grating sensor (7) in the said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (11) is derived through movable memory equipment;
Use the centre wavelength information of said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (11) measuring fiber temperature compensation sensor (3), i.e. λ
T
The centre wavelength information of the sampling instant fiber optic temperature compensation sensor (3) in the said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is derived through movable memory equipment;
Because fiber optic temperature compensation sensor (3) does not receive external force, so its centre wavelength is λ
T=C
TΔ T combines it, promptly with temperature, strain coupling model
Δλ＝C
εΔε+C
TΔT (1)
Obtain: λ
ε=Δ λ-Δ λ
T=C
εΔ ε (3)
Wherein, Δ λ, Δ λ
T, C
ε, C
TAnd Δ ε is followed successively by the sensitivity coefficient of center wavelength variation amount, optical grating axial strain and the center wavelength variation relation of fiber-optic grating sensor center wavelength variation amount, fiber optic temperature compensation sensor, the sensitivity coefficient and the deflection of fiber grating temperature sensor respectively; Δ T is a temperature variation;
By above-mentioned formula (1)～formula (3) data of being stored are calculated; Can obtain the relation between the centre wavelength of deflection and fiber-optic grating sensor (7); Because fiber-optic grating sensor (7) is to lay along sleeve circumferential, with the sleeve circumferential cooperative transformation, the deflection λ that is therefore asked for
εIt is exactly the circumferential distortion of sleeve pipe.
2. the method for a kind of monitoring sleeve circumferential strain by using optical fibre grating sensor according to claim 1; It is characterized in that accomplishing described in the claim 1 along a sleeve circumferential arranged light fiber grating sensor (7) and a fiber optic temperature compensation sensor (3), and draw holding wire and carry out according to following steps with the process that transmission cable (10) is connected:
1. confirm to lay under the predetermined sleeve pipe of sensor dark, and on the predetermined sleeve pipe in ground installing and locating joint (4);
2. 4 fiber-optic grating sensors and 1 fiber optic temperature compensation sensor are welded together;
3. measure sleeve pipe, confirm the sensor installation position, the polishing and use the alcohol wash sleeve surface, guarantee its surperficial free from admixture;
4. the position of sleeve surface perpendicular alignmnet landing nipple (4) is confirmed as the position of first bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensor L-1, be fixed in sleeve surface with chemical glue;
5. according to the method described above sleeve circumferential at interval certain angle lay all the other bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings sensors, by numbering L-2 clockwise, L-3, L-4;
6. organize 0.3 meter of fiber-optic grating sensor laying optical fiber temperature compensation sensor apart from this, and lifting one's head and transmission cable (10) welding a plurality of sensors;
7. transmission cable (10) part being arranged on sensor place, the sleeve pipe and carrying out three layers of coating with epoxide-resin glue and glass fabric in 3 meters scopes vertically;
8. at the transmission cable one end welding wire jumper head in exit, connect fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (11), prepare setting of casing;
9. in the setting of casing process transmission cable by rig floor well head place with single sleeve pipe G.I.H, every casing coupling (2) locates to adopt 1 cable protection cover (9) that transmission cable is protected.
3. the method for a kind of monitoring sleeve circumferential strain by using optical fibre grating sensor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the transmission cable that is adopted (10) is made up of optical fiber (18), metal hose (17), Kafra fiber (16), inner layer metal mesh grid (15), interior PU sheath (14), outer layer metal mesh grid (13) and outer PU sheath (12) successively from inside to outside.
4. the method for a kind of monitoring sleeve circumferential strain by using optical fibre grating sensor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: said fiber optic temperature compensation sensor (3) places in the draw point needle tubing.
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Cited By (2)
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| WO2022003559A1 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-06 | Universidade Do Porto | System and method for dinamic monitoring of a high-tension electric line |
| US11852005B2 (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2023-12-26 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Deformation monitoring mechanism with multi-pixel angle-sensitive laser ranging |
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| CN101397903A (en) | 2009-04-01 |
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