CN103821507A - Method for detecting deformation of shaft wall of vertical shaft through distributed optical fibers - Google Patents
Method for detecting deformation of shaft wall of vertical shaft through distributed optical fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN103821507A CN103821507A CN201410100335.0A CN201410100335A CN103821507A CN 103821507 A CN103821507 A CN 103821507A CN 201410100335 A CN201410100335 A CN 201410100335A CN 103821507 A CN103821507 A CN 103821507A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting deformation of the shaft wall of a vertical shaft through distributed optical fibers. The method comprises the steps that sensor fibers are laid on the concrete surface of the shaft wall according to a detection route, adhesives are used for carrying out bottoming and groove sealing, the sensor fibers and shaft wall concrete can carry out synchronous coordinated deformation, when the shaft wall of the vertical shaft deforms due to pressure such as freezing pressure, aquifer water pressure and grouting pressure, and the axial strain value and the circumferential strain value of the shaft wall are tested when the vertical shaft stresses external pressure; according to the distributed optical fiber sensing technology, continuous measurement is carried out on variation which is in the direction of the whole length of the optical fibers and disturbed along the geometric path of the optical fibers, the backward drift distance of the Brillouin scattering light frequency is obtained, and changes of distribution of strain around the optical fibers are analyzed; damage identification of deformation of the shaft wall is detected according to the changes between the strain values generated before deformation of the shaft wall of the vertical shaft and the strain values generated after deformation of the shaft wall of the vertical shaft, and the purpose of detecting the shaft wall of the vertical shaft is achieved. The method for detecting deformation of the shaft wall of the vertical shaft through the distributed optical fibers has the advantages of being distributed, high in accuracy, easy and convenient to install, low in cost and applicable to detection of deformation of the shaft walls of the vertical shafts constructed through various construction technologies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shaft deformation detection field and based on distributing optical fiber sensing detection technique field, particularly a kind of shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method that is applicable to thick alluvium.
Background technology
Shaft wall deformation fracture is having a strong impact on mine safety production.Shaft wall deformation detection method mainly contains geometric measurement method and sensor measurement method at present.Detect borehole wall distortion aspect based on geometric measurement method, exist observation time and take pit shaft, observed result inaccuracy and can not grasp the deficiencies such as borehole wall local pressure situation.Detect borehole wall distortion aspect based on sensor measurement method, mainly adopt the point sensors such as reinforcement stresses meter, foil gauge, measure the strain value of each point, obtain strain in shaft lining, distribution curve of stress.But traditional point sensor exists following limitation: (1) due to discontinuous measurement, and the deformation behaviour that its testing result cannot entirety reflection shaft wall, exists undetected; (2), while electronic devices and components being installed in borehole wall concrete, because easily coming in contact bad, fracture, the junction of sensor and call wire make test point inefficacy, survival rate lower; (3) sensor exists null offset, is subject to the problem such as interference of electromagnetic field sensitivity and precision reduction in the time of test, makes test data distortion.
It is a brand-new application that distribution type fiber-optic detection technique based on Brillouin scattering is applied to shaft wall detection, it is that light wave is that carrier, optical fiber are medium, can on whole fiber lengths, carry out continuous measurement to the variable quantity along fiber geometries path profile, by the changes in distribution of strain around the frequency shift amount detection fiber of analysis optical fiber backward Brillouin scattering light.Therefore, the present invention has overcome the deficiency existing in existing borehole wall deformation detection, and a kind of shaft wall detection method based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques is provided.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the object of the invention is the problem for existence in existing shaft wall test, the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic that a kind of method is simple, easy to operate, testing result is good detection method is provided.
Technical scheme: shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method of the present invention, comprises the steps:
A, at well bore wall prediction of distortion position, excavate from top to bottom many longitudinal flutings and annular groove along shaft of vertical well wall concrete surface, remove groove dust;
B, in longitudinal fluting and annular groove, lay respectively axial sensor fibre and hoop sensor fibre, axially sensor fibre and hoop sensor fibre are interconnected, longitudinal fluting and annular groove are carried out to filling with cementing agent, make it and borehole wall concrete synchronous compatible deformation; From ground is from top to bottom fixing along borehole wall surface binding by optical cable, the sensor fibre exposed junction that lay in sensor fibre paving location place and the borehole wall optical cable lower end carries out welding, weld is set with the metal bellows shielding, and carries out the detection of strain in shaft lining after the BOTDR that optical cable upper end arranges with ground is connected;
C, set the parameter such as test specification, frequency, precision of instrument according to the buried depth of shaft wall, testing requirement, set that BOTDR is subject under extraneous pressure-acting as initial value, to the borehole wall axially the strain capacity that the borehole wall detects for the first time and the difference of the strain capacity surveyed when circumferential deformation and initial value strain capacity as the suffered additional strain value Δ ε of the borehole wall;
D, when shaft wall is subject to pressure of freezing wall, while deforming under piezometric head and grouting pressure effect, based on the linear relationship between Brillouin shift and sensor fibre strain, detect in real time and be embedded in shaft wall the axially distortion of sensor fibre and hoop sensor fibre by BOTDR, pass through formula: Z=cT/2n calculates the distance Z of sensor fibre circuit stress point to BOTDR incident end, in formula: c is the light velocity in vacuum, T/2 sends pulsed light to the half the time interval that receives the Brillouin scattering that optical fiber stress point returns, n is the refraction coefficient of optical fiber, obtain axial sensor fibre and hoop sensor fibre and lay the stress distribution of shaft wall in region, determine the locus of borehole wall distortion, and the stressed proterties of being out of shape in conjunction with the strain variation abnormality detection borehole wall of the borehole wall.
Described many longitudinal flutings along shaft of vertical well wall excavation are uniformly distributed, and are 4～6.
Described many annular grooves along shaft of vertical well wall excavation have 2 at least, and the spacing distance between annular groove is 0.2～20m.
Described longitudinal fluting and the width of annular groove are that 3mm, the degree of depth are 5mm.
It is the single mode tight tube fiber between 0.9～2mm that described sensor fibre adopts diameter.
In the time that borehole wall concrete surface is dry, the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling is adopted to the cementing agent of epoxy resin and thinner combination, in the time that borehole wall concrete surface is moist, the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling is adopted to the cementing agent of sodium silicate water glass and cement combination.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is at shaft wall concrete surface excavation groove, sensor fibre is laid on to borehole wall concrete surface by detecting route, carry out bottoming and sealing groove with cementing agent, make sensor fibre and borehole wall concrete synchronous compatible deformation, in the time that shaft wall is subject to pressure of freezing wall, piezometric head and the effect of grouting pressure equal pressure and deforms, according to the linear relationship between Brillouin shift and sensor fibre strain, test vertical is subject under ambient pressure effect the borehole wall axially and hoop strain value.By the variable quantity along fiber geometries path profile being carried out to continuous measurement on whole fiber lengths, obtain the drift value of backward Brillouin scattering light frequency, analyze the changes in distribution of optical fiber strain around.Change according to the strain value before and after shaft wall distortion, survey the damage identification of borehole wall distortion, can effectively identify the deformation failure feature of shaft wall under ambient pressure effect, realize the detection to shaft wall.That the method has is distributed, precision is high, simple installation and the feature such as with low cost, is applicable to the deformation detection of shaft wall under various construction technologies, has in the art practicality widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shaft wall distribution type fiber-optic detection arrangement schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is shaft wall axial strain distribution map of the present invention.
In figure: shaft wall 1, axially sensor fibre 2, hoop sensor fibre 3, metal bellows 4, optical cable 5.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are further described:
Shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method of the present invention, step is as follows:
A, at well bore wall prediction of distortion position, excavate from top to bottom many longitudinal flutings and annular groove along shaft of vertical well wall concrete surface, the width of longitudinal fluting and annular groove is 3mm, the degree of depth is 5mm.Wherein: many longitudinal flutings are uniformly distributed, it is 4～6; Many annular groove has 2 at least, and the spacing distance between annular groove is 0.2～20m; The groove dust in rear removing groove of having constructed;
B, in all longitudinal flutings and annular groove, lay respectively axial sensor fibre 2 and hoop sensor fibre 3, it is the single mode tight tube fiber between 0.9～2mm that sensor fibre adopts diameter.Axially sensor fibre 2 and hoop sensor fibre 3 are interconnected, and longitudinal fluting and annular groove are carried out to filling with cementing agent, make it and borehole wall concrete synchronous compatible deformation; From ground is from top to bottom fixing along borehole wall surface binding by optical cable 5, the sensor fibre exposed junction that lay in sensor fibre paving location place and the borehole wall optical cable lower end carries out welding, weld is set with the metal bellows 4 shielding, and carries out the detection of strain in shaft lining after the BOTDR that optical cable upper end arranges with ground is connected;
In the time that borehole wall concrete surface is dry, the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling is adopted to the cementing agent of epoxy resin and thinner combination;
In the time that borehole wall concrete surface is moist, the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling is adopted to the cementing agent of sodium silicate water glass and cement combination;
Before c, data acquisition, according to parameters such as the test specification of the buried depth of shaft wall, testing requirement setting instrument, frequency, precision, the strain capacity that setting BOTDR surveys the strain capacity that the borehole wall detects is for the first time subject to axial and circumferential deformation under extraneous pressure-acting during as initial value, to the borehole wall and the difference of initial value strain capacity are as the suffered additional strain value Δ ε of the borehole wall;
D, when shaft wall is subject to pressure of freezing wall, while deforming under piezometric head and grouting pressure effect, based on the linear relationship between Brillouin shift and sensor fibre strain, by BOTDR(Brillouin light domain reflectometer) detect in real time and be embedded in shaft wall the axially distortion of sensor fibre 2 and hoop sensor fibre 3, pass through formula: Z=cT/2n calculates the distance Z of sensor fibre circuit stress point to BOTDR incident end, in formula: c is the light velocity in vacuum, T/2 sends pulsed light to the half the time interval that receives the Brillouin scattering that optical fiber stress point returns, n is the refraction coefficient of optical fiber, obtain axial sensor fibre 2 and hoop sensor fibre 3 and lay the stress distribution of shaft wall in region, determine the locus of borehole wall distortion, and the stressed proterties of being out of shape in conjunction with the strain variation abnormality detection borehole wall of the borehole wall.
(1) laying method of sensor fibre
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, according to factors such as borehole wall buried depth, concrete character and construction environments, selecting diameter is the single mode tight tube fiber between 0.9～2mm, according to borehole wall testing requirement within the scope of vertical well depth, within the scope of shaft wall 1 buried depth, in horizontal direction, lay 4～6 axial sensor fibres 2 every 60～90 degree, in vertical direction, within the scope of 0.2～20m, lay hoop sensor fibre 3, and the top and the bottom position welding that intersect at both are integrated.When in a certain depth bounds of vertical, the borehole wall carries out deformation detection, from ground handle, 4～24 core optical cables 5 are transferred to sensor fibre 2 paving locations along borehole wall surface, and carry out welding with the reserved sensor fibre 2 of borehole wall paving location, on ground, access BOTDR incident end is carried out the detection of strain in shaft lining by other end optical cable; In late detection, for preventing that borehole wall construction and cage from moving the destruction to sensor fibre 2, connecting portion adopts metal bellows 4 parcels to protect.
(2) borehole wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method
According to parameters such as the test specification of the buried depth of shaft wall, testing requirement setting BOTDR instrument, frequency, precision, carry out afterwards the collection of data.
Borehole wall Distributed Detection method is: the strain capacity that employing BOTDR Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques is tested for the first time to the borehole wall is as initial value, the strain value of surveying in the time that the borehole wall is subject to axial and circumferential deformation and the difference of initial value strain value are as the suffered additional strain value of the borehole wall, turn back to the time of BOTDR incident end by measuring Brillouin scattering, calculate the distance of optical fiber certain stress point along the line to BOTDR, determine the locus of borehole wall distortion, realize the damage identification of borehole wall distortion in conjunction with additional strain value before and after distortion.
Referring to Fig. 3, lay sensor fibre by Fig. 1 mode, in the time that within 1 hour, 10 hours, 20 hours, 30 hours, 40 hours, 50 hours, equal time section is carried out borehole wall slip casting, employing BOTDR Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques detects the borehole wall axial strain causing because of grouting pressure and distributes respectively.
Claims (6)
1. a shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, at well bore wall prediction of distortion position, excavate from top to bottom many longitudinal flutings and annular groove along shaft of vertical well wall concrete surface, remove groove dust;
B, in longitudinal fluting and annular groove, lay respectively axial sensor fibre (2) and hoop sensor fibre (3), axially sensor fibre (2) and hoop sensor fibre (3) are interconnected, longitudinal fluting and annular groove are carried out to filling with cementing agent, make it and borehole wall concrete synchronous compatible deformation; From ground is from top to bottom fixing along borehole wall surface binding by optical cable (5), the sensor fibre exposed junction that lay in sensor fibre paving location place and the borehole wall optical cable lower end carries out welding, weld is set with the metal bellows (4) shielding, and carries out the detection of strain in shaft lining after the BOTDR that optical cable upper end arranges with ground is connected;
C, set the parameter such as test specification, frequency, precision of instrument according to the buried depth of shaft wall, testing requirement, set that BOTDR is subject under extraneous pressure-acting as initial value, to the borehole wall axially the strain capacity that the borehole wall detects for the first time and the difference of the strain capacity surveyed when circumferential deformation and initial value strain capacity as the suffered additional strain value Δ ε of the borehole wall;
D, when shaft wall is subject to pressure of freezing wall, while deforming under piezometric head and grouting pressure effect, based on the linear relationship between Brillouin shift and sensor fibre strain, detect in real time and be embedded in shaft wall the axially distortion of sensor fibre (2) and hoop sensor fibre (3) by BOTDR, pass through formula: Z=cT/2n calculates the distance Z of sensor fibre circuit stress point to BOTDR incident end, in formula: c is the light velocity in vacuum, T/2 sends pulsed light to the half the time interval that receives the Brillouin scattering that optical fiber stress point returns, n is the refraction coefficient of optical fiber, obtain axial sensor fibre (2) and hoop sensor fibre (3) and lay the stress distribution of shaft wall in region, determine the locus of borehole wall distortion, and the stressed proterties of being out of shape in conjunction with the strain variation abnormality detection borehole wall of the borehole wall.
2. according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described many longitudinal flutings along shaft of vertical well wall excavation are uniformly distributed, and are 4～6.
3. according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described many annular grooves along shaft of vertical well wall excavation have 2 at least, and the spacing distance between annular groove is 0.2～20m.
4. according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described longitudinal fluting and the width of annular groove are that 3mm, the degree of depth are 5mm.
5. according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is the single mode tight tube fiber between 0.9～2mm that described sensor fibre adopts diameter.
6. according to the shaft wall distortion distribution type fiber-optic detection method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the time that borehole wall concrete surface is dry, the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling is adopted to the cementing agent of epoxy resin and thinner combination, in the time that borehole wall concrete surface is moist, the cementing agent of longitudinal fluting and annular groove filling is adopted to the cementing agent of sodium silicate water glass and cement combination.
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| CN104847343A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Simulating device and method for vertical shaft well wall stability influenced by dynamic change of aquifer |
| CN105043449A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Distributed optical fiber for monitoring temperature, stress and deformation of frozen wall and embedding method of distributed optical fiber |
| CN106248270A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-12-21 | 中科院广州电子技术有限公司 | A kind of real-time continuous measures the method and system of STRESS VARIATION |
| CN108627186A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-10-09 | 安徽理工大学 | To the method for fiber optic sensor system and deformation early warning that the borehole wall is monitored |
| CN109239124A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽理工大学 | The Artificial Frozen Soil and the coefficient experimental rig of the borehole wall and method of various soils |
| CN109443231A (en) * | 2018-12-22 | 2019-03-08 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | It is a kind of by Fibre Optical Sensor it is unstressed based on |
| CN110440696A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-12 | 山西省交通新技术发展有限公司 | A kind of side slope deep continuous dislocation monitoring device and method |
| CN112324501A (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2021-02-05 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Stress testing system for deep and large vertical shaft wall structure of railway tunnel |
| CN112683333A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-20 | 中煤建设集团有限公司 | Method for testing stress and deformation of inner wall of concrete vertical shaft well based on concrete conductivity |
| CN112880583A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Early warning method for deformation and damage of bottom plate in inclined shaft grouting process |
| CN113447074A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-28 | 扎赉诺尔煤业有限责任公司 | High and cold region well wall deformation state identification method based on distributed optical fiber technology |
| CN115112485A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Soil strength, deformation characteristic and seepage characteristic integrated detection device |
| CN116007525A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-04-25 | 石家庄宜中机电技术有限公司 | On-line monitoring device for dense grating of deformation of coal mine shaft wall |
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| CN104847343A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Simulating device and method for vertical shaft well wall stability influenced by dynamic change of aquifer |
| CN105043449A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Distributed optical fiber for monitoring temperature, stress and deformation of frozen wall and embedding method of distributed optical fiber |
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| CN106248270A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-12-21 | 中科院广州电子技术有限公司 | A kind of real-time continuous measures the method and system of STRESS VARIATION |
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| CN109239124A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽理工大学 | The Artificial Frozen Soil and the coefficient experimental rig of the borehole wall and method of various soils |
| CN109443231B (en) * | 2018-12-22 | 2021-05-28 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Stress-free meter based on optical fiber sensing |
| CN109443231A (en) * | 2018-12-22 | 2019-03-08 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | It is a kind of by Fibre Optical Sensor it is unstressed based on |
| CN110440696A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-11-12 | 山西省交通新技术发展有限公司 | A kind of side slope deep continuous dislocation monitoring device and method |
| CN112324501A (en) * | 2020-07-26 | 2021-02-05 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Stress testing system for deep and large vertical shaft wall structure of railway tunnel |
| CN112683333A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-20 | 中煤建设集团有限公司 | Method for testing stress and deformation of inner wall of concrete vertical shaft well based on concrete conductivity |
| CN112880583A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Early warning method for deformation and damage of bottom plate in inclined shaft grouting process |
| CN113447074A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-28 | 扎赉诺尔煤业有限责任公司 | High and cold region well wall deformation state identification method based on distributed optical fiber technology |
| CN113447074B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-05-17 | 扎赉诺尔煤业有限责任公司 | High and cold region well wall deformation state identification method based on distributed optical fiber technology |
| CN115112485A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Soil strength, deformation characteristic and seepage characteristic integrated detection device |
| CN115112485B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-03-31 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Soil strength, deformation characteristic and seepage characteristic integrated detection device |
| CN116007525A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-04-25 | 石家庄宜中机电技术有限公司 | On-line monitoring device for dense grating of deformation of coal mine shaft wall |
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