CN101394993B - 空气制动管线 - Google Patents
空气制动管线 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101394993B CN101394993B CN2007800078451A CN200780007845A CN101394993B CN 101394993 B CN101394993 B CN 101394993B CN 2007800078451 A CN2007800078451 A CN 2007800078451A CN 200780007845 A CN200780007845 A CN 200780007845A CN 101394993 B CN101394993 B CN 101394993B
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- polyamide
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- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000206 moulding compound Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 9
- TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 6
- YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCN YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPRJXAGUEGOFGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-butylbenzenesulfonamide Chemical compound CCCCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IPRJXAGUEGOFGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006097 Ultramide® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylparaben Chemical group CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediamine Chemical compound NCN RTWNYYOXLSILQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XMNDMAQKWSQVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl) diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XMNDMAQKWSQVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCC(O)=O SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006152 PA1010 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006099 Vestamid® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004110 Zinc silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- UTOVMEACOLCUCK-PLNGDYQASA-N butyl maleate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O UTOVMEACOLCUCK-PLNGDYQASA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010073 coating (rubber) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](=O)CCCC JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004403 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010228 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002598 fumaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHSILQAFIZTLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecane-1,17-diamine Chemical class NCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN CHSILQAFIZTLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical group [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical class C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFGDFRBWKQXPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyl-1-phenylmethanesulfonamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KFGDFRBWKQXPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006146 polyetheresteramide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical class CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000326 ultraviolet stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
- Y10T428/1393—Multilayer [continuous layer]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
管,它包括下列各层:I.由包含至少40重量%的聚酰胺的模塑组合物构成的外层,该聚酰胺的单体单元含有平均至少8个碳原子,III.由包含下列组分的模塑组合物构成的中间层:a)70-99重量%的聚酰胺,该聚酰胺选自PA6、PA66、PA6/66和它们的混合物,和b)1-30重量%的增塑剂,其中该模塑组合物不包含抗冲改性剂,和V.由包含至少40重量%的聚酰胺的模塑组合物构成的内层,该聚酰胺的单体单元含有平均至少8个碳原子,其中a)管的外径是在6-20mm范围内,b)壁厚是在1.0-2.0mm范围内,和c)聚丙烯层的厚度是壁厚的25-75%,该管用作压缩空气制动管线,它能够以低成本生产并且它具有高的爆裂强度和良好的低温冲击韧性。
Description
本发明涉及用于压缩空气制动管线的管,该管包括由高级聚酰胺组成的内层和外层以及由增塑的PA6或PA66组成的中间层。
压缩空气制动系统常常用于重型车辆,例如用于拖拉机等等。在这些系统中,通过经由管材传导的压缩空气来激活制动系统。
目前,压缩空气制动管线主要从单层PA11管或PA12管制造;此外也有使用纺织品增强材料的多层技术方案,其目的在于以良好的灵活性实现高的爆裂(bursting)压力。在有低水平的机械和化学要求的领域中,主要使用以聚氨酯为基础的体系。这里特别可提及半挂车市场和替换零件市场。这些体系与以PA11或PA12为基础的体系相比有更低的成本,但是在机械强度和耐化学性上具有明显的缺点。
高级聚酰胺,如PA612、PA11或PA12耐开裂,并且耐燃料、油和水的作用。另外它们与PA6相比不易遭受由氯化锌引起的应力开裂。然而,它们是高成本的。针对市场上的价格压力,对于低成本的备选方案进行了深入的工作。
DE-A-101 37 863描述了压缩空气制动管线的一个技术方案;它由具有层序列PA11或PA12/粘附促进剂/冲击改性PA6或PA66的管组成;如果合适的话附着于这一体系上的还有附加粘附促进剂层和由PA11或PA12组成的终止层。或者,在DE-A-101 37 863的管中的层序列可以是PA612/抗冲击改性PA6或PA66/PA612。
然而,当使用抗冲击改性的PA6和PA66时,不能实现完全的可实现的爆裂压力强度势,尤其是在高温时。此外,常常发现抗冲改性剂的使用会减少PA6和PA66的与PA11或PA12相比已经较小的抗老化性能。
本发明的目的在于避免上述缺点和尤其在于提供低成本的管,该管满足对于压缩空气制动管线在耐受化学品、发动机油、氯化锌和防滑盐(Streusalz)方面提出的各项要求,它甚至在升高的温度下具有高的爆裂压力强度,具有良好的低温冲击韧性以及良好的抗老化性能。
这一目的借助于一种管来实现,该管包括下列层:
I.由模塑组合物组成的外层,该组合物包括至少40重量%,至少45 重量%,至少50重量%,至少55重量%,或至少60重量%的其单体单元平均含有至少8个,至少9个,或至少10个碳原子的聚酰胺,
II.如果合适的话,由粘附促进模塑组合物组成的层,
III.由模塑组合物组成的中间层,该组合物包含下列组分:
a)70-99重量%,优选75-98重量%,和特别优选78-96重量%的选自PA6、PA66、PA6/66和它们的混合物中的聚酰胺,和
b)1-30重量%,优选2-25重量%,和特别优选4-22重量%的增塑剂,
其中所述模塑组合物不含抗冲改性剂,
IV.如果合适的话,由粘附促进模塑组合物组成的层,和
V.由与层I的模塑组合物对应的模塑组合物组成的内层,
其中这些层优选彼此直接贴合。
管的外径是在6-20mm范围内和优选在7-16mm范围内,而壁厚度能够可为1.0到2.0mm。这里层III的厚度是壁厚的25-75%,优选30-65%,和特别优选35-60%,而层II和IV的厚度分别是0.02-0.2mm,优选0.04-0.16mm,和特别优选0.06-0.14mm。
层I和层V的聚酰胺可由二胺和二羧酸的组合、由ω-氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺制备。这里,ω-氨基羧酸或内酰胺含有至少8个,至少9个,或至少10个碳原子。对于内酰胺的混合物,这里的值是算术平均。对于二胺和二羧酸的组合,二胺和二羧酸的碳原子数的算术平均必须是至少8,至少9,或至少10。合适聚酰胺的例子是:PA610(可由六亚甲基二胺[6个碳原子]和癸二酸[10个碳原子]制备,在单体单元中碳原子的平均数因此是8),PA88(可由八亚甲基二胺和1,8-辛二酸制备),PA8(可由辛内酰胺制备),PA612,PA810,PA108,PA9,PA614,PA812,PA128,PA1010,PA10,PA814,PA148,PA1012,PA11,PA1014,PA1212和PA12。聚酰胺的制备是现有技术。当然还有可能使用以它们为基础的共聚酰胺,如果需要的话还能够伴随使用诸如己内酰胺之类的单体,前提条件是碳原子数目的平均值符合上述条件。
该聚酰胺也能够是聚醚酯酰胺或聚醚酰胺。聚醚酰胺原则上例如从DE-OS3006961获知。它们含有作为共聚用单体的聚醚二胺。合适 的聚醚二胺通过相应的聚醚二醇经由还原胺化作用的转化或经由偶联于丙烯腈和随后氢化来获得(例如EP-A-0434244;EP-A-0296852)。它们的数均分子量一般是230到4000;它们的聚醚酰胺含量优选是5-50重量%。
从丙二醇得到的聚醚二胺可作为D类型从Huntsman公司商购。原则上,有良好适合性的其它材料是从1,4-丁二醇或1,3-丁二醇形成的聚醚二胺,或混合结构聚醚二胺,例如具有从二醇形成的单元的无规或嵌段分布。还有可能使用不同聚酰胺的混合物,前提条件是相容性是足够的。所属技术领域的专业人员知道相容的聚酰胺组合,这里可作为例子列举的组合是PA12/PA1012,PA12/PA1212,PA612/PA12,PA613/PA12,PA1014/PA12和PA610/PA12。在怀疑的情况下,可通过常规试验确定相容组合。
聚酰胺可具有过量的氨基端基,其通常是由于在制备过程中二胺被用作分子量调节剂。过量的氨端基也能够通过具有低氨基含量的聚酰胺和具有高氨基含量的聚酰胺的混合来调定。氨端基与羧端基的比率可以是至少51:49,优选至少55:45,特别优选至少60:40和特别优选至少70:30。
除聚酰胺外,根据I的层的模塑组合物也可含有其它组分,例子是抗冲改性剂,其它热塑性塑料,增塑剂,和其它常规添加剂。唯一的要求是聚酰胺构成模塑组合物的基质。能够使用的其它热塑性塑料的例子是其它聚酰胺,例如PA6,它们的用量低于根据权利要求所使用的聚酰胺的量。
模塑组合物还可以包括较少量的为获得某些性能所需要的添加剂。这些的例子是颜料或填料,如炭黑,二氧化钛,硫化锌,硅酸盐或碳酸盐,加工助剂,如蜡,硬脂酸锌或硬脂酸钙,阻燃剂,玻璃纤维,抗氧化剂,紫外线稳定剂,以及使产物具有抗静电性能或导电性的添加剂,例如碳纤维,石墨细纤维,不锈钢纤维,或导电炭黑。
层I和V的模塑组合物能够在聚酰胺的性质上以及在其它组分的性质和用量上是不同的。然而,优选的是两种模塑组合物是相同的,因为这样的话两层能够由单一一台挤出机提供。
层III的模塑组合物必须包含增塑剂。增塑剂和它们在聚酰胺中的使用是已知的。适合于聚酰胺的增塑剂的一般综述可见于/Müller,Kunststoffadditive,C.Hanser Verlag,第2版,第296页。
适合作为增塑剂的常规化合物的例子是在醇组分中具有2-20个碳原子的对羟基苯甲酸的酯类,或在胺组分中具有2到12个碳原子的芳基磺酸的酰胺,优选苯磺酸的酰胺。
能够使用的增塑剂尤其是对羟基苯甲酸乙酯,对羟基苯甲酸辛酯,对羟基苯甲酸异十六酯,N-正辛基甲苯磺酰胺,N-正丁基苯磺酰胺(BBSA)或N-2-乙基己基苯磺酰胺。另外可使用的增塑剂是含磷的阻燃剂,例如磷酸酯或膦酸酯,例如磷酸二苯基甲苯酯。
层III的模塑组合物另外还可包含常规添加剂,例如加工助剂或稳定剂。
PA6是通过己内酰胺的开环聚合反应来制备的。
PA66是通过六亚甲基二胺和己二酸的缩聚制备的。它与PA6一样能够以各种类型商购。
PA6/66是从单体己内酰胺、六亚甲基二胺和己二酸得到的共缩聚物。
层II和IV的粘附促进剂的性质不是关键的。将层I和III或层V和III彼此充分牢固地粘结在一起从而使其在生产过程中或在后续的使用中不发生层离的任何粘附促进剂都可以使用。在最简单的情况下,粘附促进剂是含有酸酐基团的聚丙烯,这些酸酐基团是按照已知的方式通过聚丙烯与不饱和二羧酸酐、不饱和二羧酸或不饱和二羧酸单烷基酯的热或自由基反应,以足以允许良好偶联于相邻层的聚酰胺上的浓度被引入的。合适反应物的例子是马来酸,马来酸酐,马来酸单丁酯,富马酸,乌头酸,柠康酸或衣康酸酐。优选的是0.1-4重量%的不饱和酸酐以这一方式接枝于聚丙烯上。根据现有技术,不饱和二羧酸酐或它的前体也可与其它不饱和单体如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯或茚一起接枝。然而,该粘附促进剂也可以是由含有酸酐基团的这一类型的聚丙烯和聚酰胺组成的共混物。
作为备选,该粘附促进剂也可以是与层III和层I或层V的聚酰胺相容的聚酰胺,例如PA610或PA612。
在另外的实施方案中,粘附促进剂是由两种不同的聚酰胺组成的共混物,其中的一种与层III的材料相容,另一种与层I或V的材料相 容;这里,例子是由PA6和PA12组成的共混物或由PA6和PA612组成的共混物。如果这些聚合物彼此不相容,则在常规加工温度下共混物的制备会得到物理混合物,仅仅在较窄范围的组成内实现足够的粘附促进作用。如果在其中两种聚酰胺利用端基或利用酰胺基转移反应在一定程度上彼此反应得到嵌段共聚物的条件下制备聚酰胺共混物,则获得更好的结果。高于250℃,优选高于280℃,和更优选高于300℃的温度一般是这一反应所需要的,且如果合适的话要求存在催化剂,如次磷酸,二丁基氧化锡,三苯基膦或磷酸。还有可能从在常规加工条件下最初制备的聚酰胺共混物开始,然后在聚酰胺常用的条件下让该共混物进行固相后缩合。这些一般是从140℃至低于晶体熔点Tm约5K之间,优选从150℃至低于Tm约10K之间的温度,从2到48小时,优选从4到36小时和特别优选从6到24小时的反应时间。特别有利的是,一种聚酰胺含有过量的氨端基,另一种聚酰胺含有过量的羧基端基。最终,根据a)和c)的组分的连接也可通过反应活性化合物的添加来实现,该化合物优选将聚酰胺端基彼此连接,例如双噁唑啉,双碳二亚胺,双马来酰亚胺,双酸酐,二异氰酸酯,或具有三个或更多个官能团的相应化合物。
使共混物组分彼此相容的另一种方式是添加有效量的相容剂如聚胺-聚酰胺共聚物。
该聚胺-聚酰胺共聚物通过使用下列单体来制备:
a)0.5到25重量%,优选1到20重量%和特别优选1.5到16重量%的基于聚胺-聚酰胺共聚物计的具有至少4个,优选至少8个和特别优选至少11个氮原子以及至少146g/mol,优选至少500g/mol,和特别优选至少800g/mol的数均分子量Mn的聚胺,和
b)聚酰胺形成用的单体,它选自内酰胺,ω-氨基羧酸和/或二胺和二羧酸的等摩尔组合。
在一个优选的实施方案中,聚胺-聚酰胺共聚物的氨基浓度是在100-2500mmol/kg范围内。
例如可使用下列类型的物质作为聚胺:
-聚乙烯基胺类(Chemie Lexikon,第9版,第6卷,第4921页,Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart1992);
-从交替聚酮类制备的聚胺(DE-OS19654058);
-树枝状化合物,如
((H2N-(CH2)3)2N-(CH2)3)2-N(CH2)2-N((CH2)2-N((CH2)3-NH2)2)2(DE-A-19654179),或
三(2-氨基乙基)胺,N,N-双(2-氨基乙基)-N’,N’-双[2-[双(2-氨基乙基)氨基]乙基]-1,2-乙烷二胺,
3,15-双(2-氨基乙基)-6,12-双[2-[双(2-氨基乙基)氨基]乙基]-9-[双[2-双(2-氨基乙基)氨基]乙基]氨基]乙基]-3,6,9,12,15-五氮杂十七烷-1,17-二胺(J.M.Warakomski,Chem.Mat.1992,4,1000-1004);
-可通过聚合4,5-二氢-1,3-噁唑并随后水解所制备的线性聚亚乙基亚胺(Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie,Band E20,第1482-1487页,Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart,1987);
-可通过聚合氮杂环丙烷获得的支化聚亚乙基亚胺(Houben-Weyl,Methoden der Organischen Chemie,Band E20,第1482-1487页,Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart,1987),其一般具有下列氨基分布:
25-46%的伯氨基,
30-45%的仲氨基,和
16-40%的叔氨基。
在优选的情况下,该聚胺具有不超过20000g/mol,特别优选不超过10000g/mol,和特别优选不超过5000g/mol的数均分子量Mn。
用作聚酰胺形成用单体的内酰胺或ω-氨基羧酸含有4到19个碳原子,尤其6到12个碳原子。特别优选使用ε-己内酰胺,ε-氨基己酸,辛内酰胺,ω-氨基辛酸,月桂内酰胺,ω-氨基十二烷酸,和ω-氨基十一烷酸。
二胺和二羧酸的组合的例子是六亚甲基二胺/己二酸,六亚甲基二胺/十二烷二酸,八亚甲基二胺/癸二酸,十亚甲基二胺/癸二酸,十亚甲基二胺/十二烷二酸,十二亚甲基二胺/十二烷二酸,和十二亚甲基二胺/2,6-萘二羧酸。然而,除这些之外还可使用所有其它组合,如十亚甲基二胺/十二烷二酸/对苯二甲酸,六亚甲基二胺/己二酸/对苯二甲酸,六亚甲基二胺/己二酸/己内酰胺,十亚甲基二胺/十二烷二酸/ω-氨基十一烷酸,十亚甲基二胺/十二烷二酸/月桂内酰胺,十亚甲基二胺/对苯二甲酸/月桂内酰胺,或十二亚甲基二胺/2,6-萘二羧酸/月桂内酰胺。
在聚胺-聚酰胺共聚物中聚酰胺部分的组成能够在非常宽的范围内变化,因为与共混物组分的相容性明显地由其它因素决定并且一般是存在的。
该聚胺-聚酰胺共聚物能够通过各种方法制备。细节可参考EP-A-1216 825。
如果对爆裂压力强度的要求提高,则该管还可以包括根据现有技术的纺织品增强材料。其可位于某一层之内或在两层之间。从制造的观点考虑,将纺织品层施加在管的外层上以及随后施加橡胶涂层是最简单的的技术方案。这里能够使用的橡胶或者是可硫化的橡胶或热塑性弹性体,例如山杜平(Santopren)。用橡胶涂覆也能够在没有施加纺织品层的情况下进行。
本发明的管用作压缩空气制动管线,例如用于载重汽车,半挂车,载货汽车挂车,或拖车中。管线在载重汽车中工作的操作压力一般是至多1 2.5巴,在半挂车或拖车中的操作压力一般是8.5巴。
下列模塑组合物用于实施例中:
HV:由62.13重量份的PA612,15.93重量份的PA6,7.97重量份的增塑剂(BBSA),11.15重量份的抗冲改性剂和1.22重量份的稳定剂组成的模塑组合物
在多层管生产装置上生产具有8mm的外径和1mm的壁厚的对应于对比实施例1和实施例1的多层管,然后进行试验。详细结果总结在表1中。可以看出,根据本发明,在管的可比柔性情况下显著改进了爆裂压力。
表1:管结构和试验结果
对比实施例 | 实施例1 | |
第一层 第二层第三层第四层第五层 | 0.15mm PA0.1mm HV 0.5mm FM10.1mm HV 0.15mm PA | 0.15mm PA0.1mm HV 0.5mm FM20.1mm HV 0.15mm PA |
低温冲击韧性[破裂率] -挤出之后的新鲜状态 根据DIN733786.4.6,-40℃-挤出之后的新鲜状态 根据SAE J22607.6,-40℃ -挤出之后的新鲜状态 根据SAE J844,-40℃ | 0/10 0/10 0/10 | 0/10 0/10 0/10 |
对比应力 SAE J844[MPa]-在23℃ -在100℃ | 31.113.0 | 34.714.5 |
最小弯曲半径 根据SAE J844[mm] | 35 | 35 |
弯曲性能 根据GME081007.7 -最大弯曲力[N] -在最大弯曲力下的弯曲[mm]-在3.5mm弯曲时的弯曲力[N] | 67.46.9 57.5 | 69.26.7 58.5 |
Claims (3)
1.管,其包括下列各层:
I.由包含至少40重量%的聚酰胺的模塑组合物构成的外层,该聚酰胺的单体单元含有平均至少8个碳原子,
III.由模塑组合物构成的中间层,该组合物由下列组分组成:
a)70-99重量%的选自PA6、PA66、PA6/66和它们的混合物的聚酰胺,和
b)1-30重量%的增塑剂,
其中该模塑组合物不包含抗冲改性剂,和
V.由包含至少40重量%的聚酰胺的模塑组合物构成的内层,该聚酰胺的单体单元含有平均至少8个碳原子,
其中
a)管的外径是在6-20mm范围内,
b)壁厚是在1.0-2.0mm范围内,和
c)层III的厚度是壁厚的25-75%。
2.根据权利要求1的管,特征在于:
-层I和III通过粘附促进剂层II彼此粘结,和/或
-层III和V通过粘附促进剂层IV彼此粘结,
其中层II和IV的厚度是0.02-0.2mm。
3.根据前述权利要求中任何一项的管,特征在于其为压缩空气制动管线。
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EP2674291A1 (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2013-12-18 | Industrie Ilpea S.p.A. | Tube |
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JP7384174B2 (ja) | 2018-12-27 | 2023-11-21 | Ube株式会社 | 積層体 |
BR102019018608A2 (pt) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-16 | Sumitomo Riko Company Limited | Tubo de múltiplas camadas aplicado em freio a ar |
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CN1483956A (zh) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-03-24 | 阿托菲纳公司 | 用于压缩空气的聚酰胺软管 |
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US5678611A (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1997-10-21 | Itt Corporation | Multi-layer fuel and vapor tube |
DE19820661C2 (de) * | 1998-05-08 | 2002-10-24 | Inventa Ag | Weichmacherfreies Polyamid und Formmasse und dessen Verwendung |
ES2223343T3 (es) * | 1999-06-29 | 2005-03-01 | Degussa Ag | Material compuesto de capas multiples. |
US6555243B2 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2003-04-29 | Ems-Chemie Ag | Thermoplastic multilayer composites |
US6670004B1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2003-12-30 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Laminated nylon air brake tubing |
DE10064334A1 (de) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-27 | Degussa | Polyamid-Mehrschichtverbund |
JP2003094540A (ja) * | 2001-09-26 | 2003-04-03 | Toray Ind Inc | 多層可撓性管 |
US20040058111A1 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-03-25 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corp. | Compounded nylon 6, nylon 12 material for air brake systems |
US20040096615A1 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-05-20 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corp. | Hose comprising modified nylon 6,12 material |
JP2004358696A (ja) * | 2003-06-02 | 2004-12-24 | Ube Ind Ltd | ポリアミド系燃料チュ−ブ |
US6875824B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2005-04-05 | General Electric Company | Poly(arylene ether)/polyamide composition |
FR2857430A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-08 | 2005-01-14 | Atofina | Tube multicouche a base de polyamides pour le transfert de fluides |
DE102006011493A1 (de) * | 2006-03-14 | 2007-09-20 | Degussa Gmbh | Druckluftbremsleitung |
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2006
- 2006-10-23 DE DE102006049805A patent/DE102006049805A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2007
- 2007-09-10 KR KR1020087028857A patent/KR101052098B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-09-10 EP EP07803372A patent/EP2051847B1/de active Active
- 2007-09-10 WO PCT/EP2007/059455 patent/WO2008049689A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-09-10 JP JP2009533767A patent/JP5193213B2/ja active Active
- 2007-09-10 BR BRPI0719850-7A patent/BRPI0719850B1/pt active IP Right Grant
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- 2007-09-10 AT AT07803372T patent/ATE531512T1/de active
- 2007-09-10 US US12/280,243 patent/US20090065085A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-09-10 CN CN2007800078451A patent/CN101394993B/zh active Active
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CN1483956A (zh) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-03-24 | 阿托菲纳公司 | 用于压缩空气的聚酰胺软管 |
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BRPI0719850B1 (pt) | 2017-12-26 |
RU2009114546A (ru) | 2010-11-27 |
US20090065085A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
DE102006049805A1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
KR20090017536A (ko) | 2009-02-18 |
EP2051847A1 (de) | 2009-04-29 |
BRPI0719850A2 (pt) | 2014-04-29 |
RU2447997C2 (ru) | 2012-04-20 |
JP2010507501A (ja) | 2010-03-11 |
WO2008049689A1 (de) | 2008-05-02 |
ATE531512T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
CN101394993A (zh) | 2009-03-25 |
JP5193213B2 (ja) | 2013-05-08 |
EP2051847B1 (de) | 2011-11-02 |
KR101052098B1 (ko) | 2011-07-26 |
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