CN101387238B - Piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101387238B CN101387238B CN2006100210626A CN200610021062A CN101387238B CN 101387238 B CN101387238 B CN 101387238B CN 2006100210626 A CN2006100210626 A CN 2006100210626A CN 200610021062 A CN200610021062 A CN 200610021062A CN 101387238 B CN101387238 B CN 101387238B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a piston type cylinder cap internal-combustion engine, which relates to an internal-combustion engine. Aiming at the defects of the prior internal-combustion engine, the internal-combustion engine has improvements to the basic structure and solves the problems of low fuel economy and big energy loss in the prior internal-combustion engine, wherein a cylinder cap is a piston type cylinder cap capable of sliding along a cylinder sleeve up and down. An upright rack is fixedly connected with the cylinder cap. A pressure bearing fixed connected with the upright rack, an air inlet spring seat and an air outlet spring seat and an air inlet spring and an air outlet spring arranged on the air inlet spring seat and the air outlet spring seat , and a protruding block arranged on the outer side of the upright rack are embed in are embedded in a left side rack, a middle rack or right side rack respectively and can slide between any two of the racks. The time sequence fit between the cylinder cap and the piston and a crankshaft is realized by crankshaft apical teeth, lower apical teeth, upper apical teeth, positive apical teeth, middle positive teeth, air inlet/outlet positive teeth and pressure shaft positive teeth which are meshed with one another other. In the power stroke, the fuel is ignited when the crankshaft deviates 25 to 30 degrees, and simultaneously the cylinder cap moves downward to reduce the volume of a combustion chamber. The piston type cylinder cap internal-combustion engine can be widely applied to various internal-combustion engines.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine, particularly a kind of cylinder cap of cylinder liner is an internal-combustion engine in the form of piston.
Background technique
Internal-combustion engine is one of present topmost power plant, is widely used in the source that is used as power in the various traffic tool such as automobile, train, steamer and the industry equipment.Existing internal-combustion engine is generally the four-stroke multi-cylinder engine, the essential structure of one of them cylinder: main body is a cylinder liner, the cylindrical piston that slides up and down along its inwall is arranged in the cylinder liner,, the piston ring of sealing gas is housed on piston in order to prevent combustion gas leakage; Cylinder liner top is cylinder cap, and cylinder cap is provided with gas-entered passageway and exhaust passage and intake valve and exhaust valve, for diesel engine, between its inlet and outlet door oil sprayer is housed; For being the internal-combustion engine of fuel, between the inlet and outlet door, ignition is housed with gasoline, rock gas, hydrogen, ethanol; Wrist pin is equipped with at the piston middle part, joins by it and connecting rod top, and the connecting rod bottom connects bent axle, by the flywheel output power of bent axle end.
Piston is in up and down between two extreme positions during internal combustion engine, and relevant term and implication are as follows:
(1) top dead center (deserving to be called the dead point again)---the position when piston-top surface is displaced to apart from crankshaft axis farthest.
(2) lower dead center (claiming lower dead centre again)---piston-top surface is displaced to the position when nearest apart from crankshaft axis.
(3) stroke of piston (claiming piston stroke again)---the top dead center of piston and the distance between lower dead center, unit is a millimeter.When piston moves a stroke, crankshaft rotating half-turn (180 degree).Therefore, stroke of piston equals the twice of crank radius.
(4) combustion chamber volume (claiming compression chamber volume again)---piston constitutes the volume in space between piston head above (pit that comprises piston head) and the cylinder cap bottom (auxiliary combustion chamber that comprises cylinder head inside) when top dead center, unit is for rising.
(5) displacement---piston therebetween volume of cylinder when last bottom dead center position, unit is for rising.
(6) engine displacement---one each displacement sum of internal-combustion engine (is exactly displacement to its discharge capacity of single-cylinder engine), unit is for rising.
(7) cylinder total volume---piston when bottom dead center position, all sealed volume of piston top, unit is for rising.
Cylinder total volume=combustion chamber volume+displacement
The ratio of (8) compression ratio---cylinder total volume and combustion chamber volume
Compression ratio=cylinder total volume/combustion chamber volume
When compression ratio represented that piston moves on to top dead center by lower dead center, gas is compressed degree in cylinder.Compression ratio is big more, and density was just high more after gas was compressed in cylinder during compression.
The working principle of internal-combustion engine is to utilize fuel to burn the heat energy that produces in cylinder combustion, promotes piston by when gases are heated, they expand and moves, and is delivered to bent axle through connecting rod again and makes its rotation acting.Internal-combustion engine is many times continuous transformation by heat energy to mechanical conversion of energy when real work.And each energy changes, and all must experience air inlet, compression, work done and four processes of exhaust.Whenever carry out air inlet, compression, work done and an exhaust and be called a work cycle.Bent axle whenever takes two turns, and piston is finished a work cycle through four strokes and just is called quartastroke engine; If bent axle whenever turns around, only just finish a work cycle through two strokes then is called two stroke IC engine to piston.Internal-combustion engine has only a power stroke in work cycle be piston actuated crankshaft rotating and work done, and other three strokes all are to prepare for power stroke, all need drive piston motion by bent axle, consume part energy.
Existing internal-combustion engine is in power stroke, when piston walks near top dead center, diesel oil in the cylinder and high temperature air (are referred to diesel engine herein by " compression ignite ", reach the burning-point of diesel oil, burning voluntarily) or by ignition light combustible gas (referring to gasoline engine herein) after atomization gas or hydrogen or ethanol or rock gas and the air mixing, Ran Shao inflammable mixture " explosion " work done then promotes piston and advances to lower dead center.The energy that piston is upwards advanced has been offset in the work done that just takes fire when piston does not reach top dead center fully of the internal-combustion engine of this structure, has just wasted this part energy, inflammable mixture can not be compressed to only degree; In addition, when piston advances to top dead center, connecting rod and bent axle are in same plane, and this moment, the inflammable mixture work done directly acted on power on the horizontal handle of bent axle by connecting rod, not only the horizontal handle to bent axle produces bigger impact force, produce reaction force, and can not promote crankshaft rotating, wasted the energy at the beginning of inflammable mixture " fires ", thereby cause fuel economy poor, have the energy-conservation technology space of fuel-economizing significantly; Refire inflammable mixture when being in the top dead center several angle as bent axle skew piston, though can avoid above-mentioned impact force and reaction force, but combustion chamber volume increases, according to physics and chemical basic principle as can be known, the volume of the confined space is more little, and the energy of " explosion " work done was just big more when the compressing inflammable mixture gas of same quantity burnt, therefore, combustion chamber volume when reducing inflammable mixture and taking fire can effectively improve the effect of internal-combustion engine power stroke.
In fact, with the internal-combustion engine output power variation of quasi-equal discharge capacity, when being that crankshaft rotating 30～180 is spent in the power stroke, the piston operation reduces gradually because of acceleration increases output power.Rule according to this, the existing certain existence of internal-combustion engine does not make full use of the flaw of this rule-take is that fuel burns (in the power stroke before the piston arrives top dead center fuel had an effect by lighting) and the mode of constant firing chamber in advance, its result not only resistance increases, and can't utilize energy to make maximum merit.
Goal of the invention
The objective of the invention is: the problem that combustion chamber volume is big when solving the internal-combustion engine power stroke, fuel economy is poor, energy loss is big provides a kind of piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine that can reduce combustion chamber volume when power stroke, postpone to light, improve fuel economy, good energy-conserving effect.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals:
Piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine, include cylinder liner, can be in the cylinder liner along the piston of its inwall sliding and running, the piston ring that closely contacts with cylinder liner internal wall on the piston, the cylinder cap on cylinder liner top and the import/exhaust pipe on the cylinder cap, be with the import/exhaust door in the import/exhaust pipe, described cylinder cap cross section is the inverse-T-shaped of hollow, it vertically partly can slide along the import/exhaust inner tube wall, vertical part inner hollow, the import/exhaust door passes wherein, it is inverse-T-shaped that the import/exhaust door also is, its lower end is consistent with the hollow space lower end mouth shape size of cylinder cap, the cylinder inner cavity that can make cylinder cap below is with the import/exhaust duct occlusion or communicate, the cylinder cap vertically excircle of part is the piston structure that is with piston ring, its piston ring closely contacts with the import/exhaust inner tube wall, can prevent gas leakage, the horizontal flat part of cylinder cap can be slided along cylinder liner internal wall, the outer, horizontal flat part upper-end surface of described cylinder cap is fixedly connected with two perpendicular supports, the upper end of perpendicular support is horizontally connected with pressure bearing, and the pressure axis middle part of passing pressure bearing of consigning links together itself and perpendicular support; Described pressure bearing top is provided with the pressure axis cam with its corresponding position, and an end of the pressure axis at pressure axis cam middle part is fixedlyed connected with pressure axis timing tooth; Described pressure axis timing teeth directional meshes with middle timing tooth down, mesh with import/exhaust timing tooth respectively the middle timing tooth left and right sides, be fixedly connected with positive hour angle tooth with middle timing tooth is coaxial, positive hour angle tooth downside and the engagement of last angle tooth, last angle tooth horizontal positioned, fixedly connected with the inferior horn tooth by vertical corner tooth shaft in its middle part, inferior horn tooth and the engagement of crank shaft angle tooth, and the crank shaft angle tooth is fixedlyed connected with bent axle and synchronous rotation; Described perpendicular support both sides are provided with the cross section and are trapezoidal projection, the corresponding position of the left side brackets of fixedlying connected with cylinder block, right side support is provided with groove, the periphery of perpendicular support, between left side brackets and right side support, be with the cylinder cap lifting spring, cylinder cap lifting spring upper end is connected with perpendicular support, and the lower end is connected with left side brackets, right side support.The gear ratio of described crank shaft angle tooth, inferior horn tooth, last angle tooth, positive hour angle tooth, middle timing tooth is 1: 1, middle timing tooth is 1: 2 with the gear ratio of pressure axis timing tooth, like this, the rotating ratio of crank shaft angle tooth and pressure axis timing tooth just is 2: 1, promptly drive crank shaft angle tooth Rotate 180 ° as bent axle, a pressure axis timing tooth and a coaxial mounted with it pressure axis cam half-twist, said gear also can be other gear ratio, and the rotating ratio that need only keep crank shaft angle tooth and pressure axis timing tooth is to get final product at 2: 1.Expression is the structure of single-cylinder engine herein, and perpendicular support can slide up and down by the groove of its projection along left side brackets and right side support, and the horizontal flat part that drives cylinder cap slides up and down along the import/exhaust inner tube wall along cylinder liner internal wall, vertical part.In power stroke, cylinder cap is to lower slider, reduced it and has been in combustion chamber volume between the piston of top dead center position, can improve " firing " energy of inflammable mixture in the cylinder greatly, improves fuel economy.
Above-mentioned internal-combustion engine is the multi-cylinder structure, be fixedly connected with the intermediate support that groove is offered on the two sides on the middle cylinder liner, the projection of middle perpendicular support embeds respectively in the groove of intermediate support of its both sides, the cylinder cap lifting spring upper end of middle perpendicular support periphery is connected with middle perpendicular support, and the lower end is connected with the intermediate support of its both sides.
Above-mentioned import/exhaust door lays respectively at the both sides of cylinder liner top, perpendicular support both sides projection horizontal median axis.
The top dead center position of above-mentioned piston and the bottom dead center position of cylinder cap differ 25 °～30 °, when its top dead center of piston arrives, bent axle drives the crank shaft angle tooth spiral to be changeed, the crank shaft angle cingulum moves the inferior horn tooth, drive in turn and go up the angle tooth, positive hour angle tooth, pressure axis timing tooth, the rotation of pressure axis cam, the cam portion of pressure axis cam be pressed in make on the pressure bearing the perpendicular support of fixedlying connected with it and with erect cylinder cap that support fixedlys connected along the inwall of cylinder liner to lower slider, at this moment, the pressure axis cam need rotate 12.5 °～15 ° again (because the rotating ratio of crank shaft angle tooth and pressure axis timing tooth is 2: 1, therefore the pressure axis cam only need rotate 12.5 °～15 ° and gets final product), just can make cylinder cap to coming downwards to lower dead center.
The spring seat two ends of above-mentioned import/exhaust door are fixed on the perpendicular support.
Above-mentioned pressure axis cam radial cross section is " circle axe " shape, and the radius of arc of about four/part is bigger than the radius of arc of other 3/4ths part, and two-part joint is by the round-corner transition of indent.
The sidewall of above-mentioned cylinder liner is provided with oil nozzle or ignition on the top.
Above-mentioned pressure axis cam, pressure axis, crank shaft angle tooth, inferior horn tooth, corner tooth shaft, last angle tooth, positive hour angle tooth are arranged in the outer cover.
The exhaust cam of above-mentioned rocking arm below is fixedly connected double-cam, and the projection length of one of them cam is less than the projection of another cam.
The present invention reduces combustion chamber volume and don't influence is advanced, other structure of pressure, degassing function and internal-combustion engine in order to realize that cylinder cap moves down, be provided with the inverse-T-shaped piston type cylinder cover of hollow, the perpendicular support of She Zhiing, left side brackets, right side support, intermediate support simultaneously, realized that not only piston type cylinder cover reaches and import/exhaust door, import/exhaust door spring, the import/exhaust door spring seat of its one move up and down thereupon, and guaranteed its soundness in the process of moving up and down; Pressure axis cam, pressure axis, crank shaft angle tooth, inferior horn tooth, corner tooth shaft, go up the said structure of angle tooth, positive hour angle tooth, realized the rotation interlock with the moving up and down of piston, bent axle of moving up and down of cylinder cap, thereby guaranteed the accuracy on igniting opportunity; The top dead center position of piston and the bottom dead center position of cylinder cap differ 25 °～30 °, lighting a fire again when top dead center rotates 25 °～30 ° when bent axle (postponing to use fuel), not only avoided the direct impact force of horizontal handle to bent axle, reduced reaction force, and reduce combustion chamber volume and effective pressure of increasing, act on the longer arm of force of bent axle force bearing point through the pressure that piston bears, can increase Driving force according to lever principle.According to the improvement of said structure, the present invention increases output power (Driving force) on the basis of equivalent fuel source has aspect six:
1, combustion volume is dwindled on former basis, under the constant situation of fuel quantity, has also just increased pressure in the cylinder according to the correlation theory power stroke, and the pressure that piston bears increases thereupon, before exhaust valve opens, all effectively increases Driving force on former basis.With 6100 type gasoline engines is example, after the improvement when crankshaft rotating to 30 is spent cylinder combustion burn volume and dwindle 3.06 times, power stroke (before the exhauxt valve opens) single cylinder dwindles 117.75 cubic centimetres of combustion volume (can regulate according to actual needs), has promptly effectively increased pressure in the cylinder.
2, piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine dwindles because of combustion volume, and primary combustion when postpone using fuel to 25 °～30 ° of crankshaft rotating, effectively the pressure that increases bears bigger pressure through piston and acts on the longer arm of force of bent axle force bearing point, increases Driving force naturally according to lever principle.
3, piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine adopts the method for fuel retarded combustion, avoided the vertical positive reaction force of expansion space stroke initial stage generation, and avoid existing internal-combustion engine because of structural limitations, the reaction force that causes fuel to burn in advance and produce is converted to reaction force the Driving force of increase effectively.
4, the piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine combustion volume is dwindled, the inevitable interior thermal pressure of cylinder that increases again, and heating power increases pressure thereupon, bears bigger pressure and increases Driving force naturally according to the expansion principle piston.
5, piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine suitably increases combustion chamber volume in compression stroke, minimizing is because of the active force of pressurized gas loss, and at the expansion space stroke initial stage, can be before igniting or oil spout according to fuel characteristic, increase compression ratio more than 1 times, otherwise convert the Driving force of increase to.
6, rarefaction of air area particularly, piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine remedies the problem that the air inlet deficiency causes the fuel combustion deficiency, and the internal-combustion engine after the improvement can overcome the weakness of existing internal-combustion engine and effectively increase Driving force.
As seen, adopt the present invention of said structure, has the advantage that can when power stroke, reduce combustion volume, postpone to light, improve fuel economy, good energy-conserving effect, in addition, saved the head gasket (being called cylinder gasket again) between existing engine cylinder head system and the cylinder block, effectively avoided between cylinder liner and the cylinder liner dashing the fault of wearing, therefore can be widely used in the internal-combustion engine and adopt internal-combustion engine to be used as power in the various device in source.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention is applied to four-cylinder internal combustion engine;
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is that schematic representation is looked on the right side of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a side-looking schematic internal view of the present invention (when piston is positioned at lower dead center);
Fig. 5 is side-looking schematic internal view of the present invention (25 °～30 ° degree of bent axle skew is when cylinder cap is positioned at lower dead center);
Fig. 6 is the schematic top plan view of intermediate support;
Fig. 7 is the front elevational schematic of intermediate support;
Fig. 8 is the schematic side view of intermediate support;
Fig. 9 is the schematic top plan view of right side support;
Figure 10 is the schematic side view of right side support;
Figure 11 is the front elevational schematic of right side support;
Figure 12 is the schematic top plan view of left side brackets;
Figure 13 is the front elevational schematic of left side brackets;
Figure 14 is the schematic side view of left side brackets;
Number in the figure:
1, cylinder cap 20, piston 39, intake cam
2, inlet and outlet door 21, piston ring 40, rocking arm
3, valve seat 22, wrist pin 41, rocking arm adjusting screw
4, oil nozzle or ignition 23, connecting rod 42, projection
5, import/exhaust piston 24, connecting rod FE Tiler 43, binding screw
6, import/exhaust piston ring 25, bent axle FE Tiler 44, cylinder liner
7, import/exhaust pipe 26, bent axle 45, jacket water seal
8, perpendicular support 27, flywheel 46, middle timing tooth
9, valve guide bushing seat 28, pressure axis timing tooth 47, intermediate support
10, valve sealing circle 29, import/exhaust timing tooth 48, left side brackets
11, cylinder cap lifting spring 30, positive hour angle tooth 49, row/Intake shaft
12, import/exhaust spring seat 31, angle toothholder 50, pitman arm shaft
13, import/exhaust spring 32, corner tooth shaft 51, right side support
14, import/exhaust cam 33, corner tooth shaft hold and cover 52, pressure axis
15, pressure bearing 34, angle tooth 53, cylinder cap spring circle lack
16, pressure axis consign 35, right groove 54, timing tooth bearing
17, pressure axis FE Tiler 36, groove 55, timing tooth bearing support
18, pressure axis cam 37, left groove 56, oil sump
19, outer cover 38, exhaust cam 57, connnecting rod big end movement locus
58, connnecting rod big end 59, inferior horn tooth 60, crank shaft angle tooth
61, cylinder block a, bent axle deviation angle
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete implement and accompanying drawing the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1: piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, and as shown in Figure 1, this internal-combustion engine is four cylinder structures, is respectively first cylinder, second cylinder, the 3rd cylinder, the 4th cylinder from left to right.Multicylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine is what combined by shared bent axle of a plurality of single cylinder engines and cylinder block 61, the same work cycle of finishing separately of each cylinder itself with single cylinder engine, just the power stroke of each cylinder staggers mutually, and the same one-stroke that makes each cylinder is by certain job order permutation and combination.The power stroke of multi-cylinder engine is to replace uniform distribution mutually, so multi-cylinder is more even than the single-cylinder engine rotation, working stability.First cylinder shown in Figure 1, second cylinder, the 3rd cylinder, the 4th cylinder are in exhaust stroke, power stroke, compression stroke, aspirating stroke respectively.
The outer, lower end of the cylinder liner 44 of first cylinder offers jacket water seal 45, be provided with columniform piston 20 in the cylinder liner 44, be provided with piston ring 21 in the piston ring groove that the outer periphery of piston 20 is offered, the bottom of piston 20 is connected with wrist pin 22, wrist pin 22 flexibly connects by connecting rod 23 and bent axle 24, one end of bent axle 24 is fixedly connected with flywheel 27, can energy storage in the internal combustion engine process, the other end of bent axle 24 is fixedly connected with crank shaft angle tooth 60, crank shaft angle tooth 60 is the dihedral gear of vertically placing, its gear teeth are 45 degree inclination angles, inferior horn tooth 59 and its engagement of horizontal positioned, inferior horn tooth 59 is fixedlyed connected with last angle tooth 34 by corner tooth shaft 32, and the two ends of corner tooth shaft 32 are enclosed within the bearing of corner tooth shaft, this bearing is arranged on angle toothholder 31 and corner tooth shaft and holds and cover between 33, and the gear ratio between above-mentioned each gear is 1: 1.
The upper end, left side that is fixed with the cylinder liner 44 of intermediate support 47, the first cylinders on the connection part of two cylinder liner 44 upper ends of first cylinder and second cylinder is fixed with left side brackets 48.As Figure 12, Figure 13, shown in Figure 14, left side brackets 48 is seen from the side, be the vertical line upper end and be circular-arc " ten " font, left side brackets 48 inboard middle upper and lowers are respectively arranged with left groove 37, the extending part on middle inside both sides offers blind hole respectively and penetrates to make things convenient for import/exhaust axle 49 and pitman arm shaft 50, offer in the middle of the top and porosely be installed with pressure axis 52 in it, pressure axis 52 passes on the position of left side brackets 48 and is installed with bearing, and this bearing top also is with pressure axis FE Tiler 17.The both sides, top of left side brackets 48 are offered porose respectively, are installed with in it to link screw 43, and screw 43 is fixed on left side brackets on the body in the upper end-hole outside of cylinder liner 44 continuously.As Fig. 6, Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8, the shape of intermediate support 47 is consistent with the shape of left side brackets 48, just the upper and lower, both sides, middle part of intermediate support 47 all offers groove 36 respectively, its position is corresponding with left groove 37, also be respectively arranged with the hole so that import/exhaust axle 49, pitman arm shaft 50 and pressure axis 52 penetrate with left side brackets 48 corresponding positions, pressure axis 52 passes on the position of intermediate support 47 and also is with bearing, and this bearing top also is provided with pressure axis FE Tiler 17.
Between the 3rd cylinder and the 4th cylinder with first cylinder, identical between second cylinder, also be provided with intermediate support 47, the right side of the 4th cylinder is provided with right side support 51, right side support 51 and left side brackets 48, intermediate support 47 corresponding positions are right groove 35 respectively, pass import/exhaust axle 49; pitman arm shaft 50; hole of pressure axis 52; its lower end also is protruding with angle toothholder 31; middle part of right side support 51 also is provided with the timing tooth bearing support 55 of protrusion; be with timing tooth bearing 54 on the timing tooth bearing support 55, be with the axle that an end is fixed with middle timing tooth 46 and positive hour angle tooth 30 in the timing tooth bearing 54.As shown in Figure 3, positive hour angle tooth 30 and middle timing tooth 46 are coaxial, and middle timing tooth 46 is in the inboard of positive hour angle tooth 30, middle timing tooth 46 left and right sides respectively with import/exhaust tooth 29 engagements of marching off into political wilderness, upside and 28 engagements of pressure axis timing tooth, positive hour angle tooth 30 downsides and 34 engagements of last angle tooth.
The middle part of left side brackets 48, intermediate support 47, right side support 51, between its two sections groove, offer cylinder cap spring circle and lack 53, it is the cambered surface of indent that this cylinder cap spring circle lacks 53, and the sagitta of its cross section arc is less than the degree of depth of the right groove 35 of the groove 36 of the left groove 37 of left side brackets 48, intermediate support 47 and right side support 51.Be provided with cylinder cap lifting spring 11 in cylinder cap spring circle scarce 53 spaces that pairing constitutes mutually of left side brackets 48, intermediate support 47, right side support 51, cylinder cap lifting spring 11 is enclosed within the outside of perpendicular support 8.
The cylinder cap 1 on each cylinder liner 44 top is a piston type, the cross section of cylinder cap 1 is the inverse-T-shaped of hollow, its vertical portion is divided into can be along the piston type of import/exhaust pipe 7 inwalls slip, vertical part inner hollow, the lower end mouth of hollow is provided with valve seat 3, import/exhaust door 2 passes the vertical part of this hollow, it is inverse-T-shaped that import/exhaust door 2 also is, its lower end is consistent with the hollow space lower end mouth shape size of cylinder cap 1, cylinder liner 44 inner chambers that can make cylinder cap 1 below are with 7 sealings of import/exhaust pipe or communicate, the cylinder cap 1 vertically excircle of part is the import/exhaust piston 5 that is with import/exhaust piston ring 6, import/exhaust piston ring 6 closely contacts with import/exhaust pipe 2 inwalls, can prevent gas leakage, the horizontal flat part of cylinder cap 1 is can be along the piston type of cylinder liner 44 inwalls slip, and its excircle is also for being equiped with the piston-like of piston ring.Be fixed with perpendicular support 8 on the upper-end surface of the horizontal flat part of cylinder cap 1 respectively, the arranged outside of perpendicular support 8 has projection 42, and for first cylinder, projection 42 embeds the left groove 37 of left side brackets 48 and the groove 36 of intermediate support respectively; For second cylinder and the 3rd cylinder, projection 42 embeds the groove 36 of intermediate support 47 respectively; For the 4th cylinder, projection 42 embeds respectively in the right groove 35 of the groove 36 of intermediate support 47 and right side support 51.The bar of import/exhaust door 2 passes the top of import/exhaust pipe 7, also is provided with 9 pairs of import/exhaust doors 2 of valve guide bushing seat on this position of import/exhaust pipe 7 and fixes, and also is with valve sealing circle 10 on the valve guide bushing seat 9, overflows from this position to prevent gas.The bar of import/exhaust door 2 upwards continues across the import/exhaust spring seat 12 that two ends are fixed on perpendicular support 8, and the bar of import/exhaust door 2 passes on the part of import/exhaust spring seat 12 and is with import/exhaust spring 13.
As shown in Figure 4, the masthead end position place of import/exhaust door 2 is provided with rocking arm adjusting screw 41, and this screw lower end is the thimble shape, withstands on the masthead end of import/exhaust door 2.Import/exhaust door 2 is respectively two valves, and one of them is an intake valve, and another is an exhaust valve, feeds suction tude and outlet pipe (being made up of two import/exhaust pipes 7 arranged side by side) respectively.Corresponding with two import/exhaust doors 2 respectively have two rocking arm adjusting screw 41, each rocking arm adjusting screw 41 connects a Rocker arm 40 respectively, the below, outer end of each Rocker arm 40 all is provided with a cam, cam below the Rocker arm 40 of intake valve one side is the intake cam 39 that has only a projection, is the exhaust cam 38 with two projections below the Rocker arm 40 of exhaust valve one side.Each Rocker arm 40 is connected with left side brackets 48, intermediate support 47, right side support 51 by the pitman arm shaft 50 that passes himself.Intake cam 39, exhaust cam 38 are separately fixed on the import/exhaust axle 49, and import/exhaust axle 49 passes left side brackets 48, intermediate support 47, right side support 51.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, be provided with pressure axis in perpendicular support 8 upper center positions and consign 16, pressure axis is consigned and is installed with pressure bearing 15 on 16.Pressure bearing 15 tops and its corresponding part, position, be provided with pressure axis cam 18, as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, pressure axis cam 18 radial cross sections are " circle axe " shape, the radius of arc of about four/part is bigger than the radius of arc of other 3/4ths part, and two-part joint is by the round-corner transition of indent.Pressure axis cam 18 is fixedlyed connected with it, its axle passes left side brackets 48, intermediate support 47, right side support 51 places and is with bearing, left side brackets 48, intermediate support 47, right side support 51 are respectively arranged with pressure axis FE Tiler 17 to fix the overcoat of this bearing above this position, place, the axle of pressure axis cam 18 passes above-mentioned support like this, and can rotate.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, the side wall upper part of cylinder liner 44, be provided with oil nozzle 4 with the position of the horizontal flat partial parallel of import/exhaust pipe 7, diesel oil can spray in the cylinder liner 44 from here.
As shown in Figure 5, the top dead center position of cylinder liner 44 inner carriers 20 and the bottom dead center position of cylinder cap 1 differ 25 °, when piston 20 arrives its top dead center, bent axle 26 drives 60 rotations of crank shaft angle tooth, crank shaft angle tooth 60 drives inferior horn tooth 59, drive in turn and go up angle tooth 34, positive hour angle tooth 30, pressure axis timing tooth 28,18 rotations of pressure axis cam, the cam portion of pressure axis cam 18 be pressed in the cylinder cap 1 that makes it the perpendicular support of fixedlying connected 8 on the pressure bearing 15 and fixedly connected with perpendicular support 8 with it along the inwall of cylinder liner 44 to lower slider, at this moment, pressure axis cam 18 need rotate 12.5 ° again, and (because the rotating ratio of crank shaft angle tooth and pressure axis timing tooth is 2: 1, so the pressure axis cam only need rotate 12.5 ° and gets final product.), just can make cylinder cap 1 march to lower dead center downwards, at this moment, bent axle deviation angle a is 25 °.
Whole body is outside equipped with outer cover 19, and the bottom is provided with oil sump 56.
During work,, aspirating stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, exhaust stroke are arranged all for each cylinder.In the aspirating stroke, intake cam 39 is Rocker arm 40 jack-up, by rocking arm adjusting screw 41 intake valve depressed, and sucks air, and bent axle 26 rotated and drove pistons 20 and be positioned at lower dead center this moment.Piston 20 pressurized air of upwards advancing then, cylinder enters compression stroke, and when piston 20 marched to top dead center, compression stroke finished, at this moment, and 18 rotations of pressure axis cam, its projection is slowly near pressure bearing 15.Bent axle 26 continues to turn over 25 °, piston 20 is advanced downwards, simultaneously, bent axle 26 drives crank shaft angle tooth 60 co-axially fixed with it, crank shaft angle tooth 60 drives the inferior horn tooth 59 with its engagement, inferior horn tooth 59 drives go up angle tooth 34 co-axially fixed with it, last angle tooth 34 drives the positive hour angle tooth 30 with its engagement, positive hour angle tooth 30 drives the middle timing tooth 46 coaxial with it, middle timing tooth 46 drives the pressure axis timing tooth 28 with its engagement, pressure axis timing tooth 28 drives pressure axis cam 18 co-axially fixed with it and rotates, the projection of pressure axis cam 18 is pressed to pressure bearing 15, pressure bearing 15 drives the cylinder cap 1 and the import/exhaust spring seat 12 that erect support 8 and fixedly connected with perpendicular support 8 and advances downwards, at this moment, import/exhaust pipe 7 is fixed, the vertical part of cylinder cap 1 along the inwall of import/exhaust pipe 7 to lower slider, import/exhaust door 2 moves down simultaneously, keeps the relative closure between cylinder liner 44 and the import/exhaust pipe 7.Because cylinder cap 1 moves down, though piston 20 has left (25 ° of bent axle 26 skews of its top dead center under the drive of bent axle 26, promptly as shown in Figure 5, connecting rod 23 skew vertical lines, the axial connecting line of connnecting rod big end 58 centers of circle and bent axle 26 and the angle of vertical line are 25 °), combustion chamber volume between cylinder cap 1 and the piston 20 still remains on very little space, and (improving the lower end surface of front end housing 1 and the distance of upper-end surface between this moment of piston 20 is 26.54cm, improve this value of back and be 2.54cm), at this moment, oil nozzle 4 just in time is positioned at the place, firing chamber, and beginning sprays into diesel oil in the firing chamber.Because the air in the firing chamber is compressed, temperature is very high, and the diesel oil that sprays into reaches its burning-point very soon, carries out spontaneous combustion, and internal-combustion engine enters power stroke.Piston 20 is promoted downwards by the pressure of inflammable mixture (diesel oil of gasification and air) burning explosion, drive bent axle 26 rotations by connecting rod 23, just edge connnecting rod big end movement locus 57 rotations as shown in Figure 5 of the major part center of circle of connecting rod 23, bent axle 26 drives the flywheel 27 rotation energy storage with large rotating inertia again and drives the load rotation (for automobile, is exactly wheel; For power equipment, be exactly driving wheel), drive crank shaft angle tooth 60, inferior horn tooth 59, upward rotations such as angle tooth 34, positive hour angle tooth 30, middle timing tooth 46 simultaneously.After power stroke finished, after the cam portion of pressure axis cam 18 left pressure bearing 15, perpendicular support 8 was upwards advanced under the elastic force effect of cylinder cap lifting spring 11, drove piston type cylinder cover 1 and returned to original state.Middle timing tooth 46 also just in time drives and the import/exhaust timing tooth 29 of its engagement rotates to both fixed positions, drive exhaust cam 38 jack-up Rocker arm 4s 0, drive rocking arm adjusting screw 41 and depress exhaust valve (in cylinder cap 1 folding process; Rocker arm 40; intake cam 39; exhaust cam 38; import/exhaust axle 49; pressure axis 52 all moves down with perpendicular support 8; therefore; the stroke between rocking arm adjusting screw 41 and the import/exhaust door 2 is not affected); make in the cylinder liner 44 with between the import/exhaust pipe 7 to communicate; the pressurized gas discharge of burning; enter exhaust stroke and (in this process; the first jack-up Rocker arm 40 of the short cam portion of exhaust cam 38; cylinder liner 44 interior pressurized gas are released with small channel; the long cam portion jack-up Rocker arm 40 of exhaust cam 38 then, make " decompression " pressurized gas discharge fully).After exhaust stroke finished, flywheel 27 continued rotation under the effect of rotator inertia, and drive bent axle 26, bent axle 26 drive piston 20 again and enter next circuit aspirating stroke.
After adopting said structure and being provided with, during power stroke, the combustion chamber volume minimum, under the situation of same fuel, combustion chamber volume is more little, and it is big more that fuel " fires " pressure that produces in the confined space, and institute's work is also just big more, has promptly improved fuel economy.Simultaneously, because 25 ° of bent axle 26 skews, during piston 20 works done, its power is not directly to act on the horizontal handle of bent axle 26 by connecting rod 23, continues rotation but directly promote bent axle 26, both avoided impact force to bent axle 26, thereby avoid its reaction force, also prolonged the arm of force of work done pressure, therefore bent axle 26 effects, prolong the life-span of parts such as bent axle 26, connecting rod 23, piston 20, also improved fuel economy.
The above, do not relate to oil circuit, circuit, lubricated, the cooling system of internal-combustion engine, because the piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine after improving still adopts these systems, just adjust as required and get final product, so do not express these systems in technological scheme of the present invention and embodiment, the accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 2: basic structure such as embodiment 1, the top dead center position of cylinder liner 44 inner carriers 20 and the bottom dead center position of cylinder cap 1 differ 30 ° (implication as described in example 1 above).
Embodiment 3: basic structure such as embodiment 1, the top dead center position of cylinder liner 44 inner carriers 20 and the bottom dead center position of cylinder cap 1 differ 28 ° (implication as described in example 1 above).
Embodiment 4: piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine is a gasoline engine, basic structure such as embodiment 1, and just oil nozzle 4 places are not oil nozzles, but ignition.
Claims (9)
1. piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine, include in cylinder liner (44), the cylinder liner (44) and can go up piston ring (21), the cylinder cap (1) on cylinder liner (44) top and the import/exhaust pipe (7) on the cylinder cap (1) that closely contacts with cylinder liner (44) inwall along piston (20), the piston (20) of its inwall sliding and running, be with import/exhaust door (2) in the import/exhaust pipe (7), it is characterized in that: described cylinder cap (1) is can be along the piston type cylinder cover of cylinder liner (44) inwall slip;
Described cylinder cap (1) longitudinal cross-section is the inverse-T-shaped of hollow, and vertically part can be along the slip of import/exhaust pipe (7) inwall for it, and its horizontal flat part can be slided along cylinder liner (44) inwall;
The horizontal flat partial fixing of described cylinder cap (1) is connected with perpendicular support (8), and the upper end of perpendicular support (8) is horizontally connected with pressure bearing (15), and the pressure axis middle part that (16) pass pressure bearing (15) of consigning links together itself and perpendicular support (8);
Described pressure bearing (15) top is provided with pressure axis cam (18) with its corresponding position, and an end of the pressure axis (52) at pressure axis cam (18) middle part is fixedlyed connected with pressure axis timing tooth (28);
Described pressure axis timing tooth (28) meshes with middle timing tooth (46) downwards, and mesh with import/exhaust timing tooth (29) respectively middle timing tooth (46) left and right sides; With the coaxial positive hour angle tooth (30) that is fixedly connected with of middle timing tooth (46), positive hour angle tooth (30) downside and last angle tooth (34) engagement, last angle tooth (34) horizontal positioned, fixedly connected with inferior horn tooth (59) by vertical corner tooth shaft (32) in its middle part, inferior horn tooth (59) and crank shaft angle tooth (60) engagement, crank shaft angle tooth (60) is fixedlyed connected and synchronous rotation with bent axle (26);
Described crank shaft angle tooth (60) is 2: 1 with the rotating ratio of pressure axis timing tooth (28);
Described perpendicular support (8) both sides are provided with the cross section and are trapezoidal projection (42), the left side brackets (48) of fixedlying connected with cylinder block (61), the corresponding position of right side support (51) are respectively arranged with left groove (37) and right groove (35), the periphery of perpendicular support (8), be positioned between left side brackets (48) and the right side support (51) and be with cylinder cap lifting spring (11), cylinder cap lifting spring (11) upper end is connected with perpendicular support (8), and the lower end is connected with left side brackets (48), right side support (51).
2. piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described internal-combustion engine is the multi-cylinder structure, be fixedly connected with the intermediate support (47) that the two sides offers groove (36) on the middle cylinder liner (44), the projection (42) of middle perpendicular support (8) embeds respectively in the groove (36) of intermediate support (47) of its both sides, peripheral cylinder cap lifting spring (11) upper end of middle perpendicular support (8) is connected with the perpendicular support (8) of centre, and the lower end is connected with the intermediate support (47) of its both sides.
3. piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described import/exhaust door (2) lays respectively at the both sides of cylinder liner (44) top, perpendicular support (8) both sides projections (42) horizontal median axis.
4. as claim 1 or 3 described piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engines, it is characterized in that: the bottom dead center position of the top dead center position of piston (20) and cylinder cap (1) differs 25 °～30 °, when piston (20) arrives its top dead center, bent axle (26) drives crank shaft angle tooth (60) rotation, crank shaft angle tooth (60) drives inferior horn tooth (59), drive in turn and go up angle tooth (34), positive hour angle tooth (30), pressure axis timing tooth (28), pressure axis cam (18) rotation, the cam portion of pressure axis cam (18) is pressed in it is moved down with the perpendicular support (8) of fixedlying connected with it, and the drive cylinder cap (1) of fixedlying connected with perpendicular support (8) along the inwall of cylinder liner (44) to lower slider, at this moment, pressure axis cam (18) need rotate 12.5 °～15 ° again, just can make cylinder cap (1) to coming downwards to lower dead center.
5. piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the two ends of the spring seat (12) of import/exhaust door (2) are fixed on the perpendicular support (8).
6. as claim 1 or 3 or 5 described piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engines, it is characterized in that: described pressure axis cam (18) radial cross section is " circle axe " shape, the radius of arc of about four/part is bigger than the radius of arc of other 3/4ths part, and two-part joint is by the round-corner transition of indent.
7. as claim 1 or 3 or 5 described piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engines, it is characterized in that: the sidewall of cylinder liner (44) is provided with oil nozzle or ignition (4) on the top.
8. piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: pressure axis cam (18), pressure axis (52), crank shaft angle tooth (60), inferior horn tooth (59), corner tooth shaft (32), last angle tooth (34), positive hour angle tooth (30) are arranged in the outer cover (19).
9. piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: the exhaust cam (38) of the below, rocking arm (40) outer end of import/exhaust door (2) top is fixedly connected double-cam, and the projection length of one of them cam is less than the projection of another cam.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2006100210626A CN101387238B (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2006-05-31 | Piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006100210626A CN101387238B (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2006-05-31 | Piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine |
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| CN101387238A CN101387238A (en) | 2009-03-18 |
| CN101387238B true CN101387238B (en) | 2010-08-04 |
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| CN2006100210626A Expired - Fee Related CN101387238B (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2006-05-31 | Piston type cylinder cover internal combustion engine |
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| CN103089395A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-08 | 中国兵器工业集团第七0研究所 | Novel supercharged internal combustion engine |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4519365A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1985-05-28 | Mario Anfusio | Reciprocating internal combustion engine with multiple-valve cylinders |
| CN1166571A (en) * | 1996-01-30 | 1997-12-03 | 三菱自动车工业株式会社 | Cylinder head for in-cylinder injection spark-ignition type internal combustion engine |
| US6330871B1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2001-12-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Cylinder head-integrated cylinder block and process for manufacturing the same |
| CN1811150A (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2006-08-02 | 陈志明 | Semi-compression ignition automobile cylinder cap with hydraulic sync regulation of cylinder intake volume and combustor volume |
-
2006
- 2006-05-31 CN CN2006100210626A patent/CN101387238B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4519365A (en) * | 1983-02-24 | 1985-05-28 | Mario Anfusio | Reciprocating internal combustion engine with multiple-valve cylinders |
| CN1166571A (en) * | 1996-01-30 | 1997-12-03 | 三菱自动车工业株式会社 | Cylinder head for in-cylinder injection spark-ignition type internal combustion engine |
| US6330871B1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2001-12-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Cylinder head-integrated cylinder block and process for manufacturing the same |
| CN1811150A (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2006-08-02 | 陈志明 | Semi-compression ignition automobile cylinder cap with hydraulic sync regulation of cylinder intake volume and combustor volume |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JP特开平7-166874A 1995.06.27 |
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