CN101383072B - Complete optical fiber safety and defense sensor - Google Patents
Complete optical fiber safety and defense sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101383072B CN101383072B CN2008102014535A CN200810201453A CN101383072B CN 101383072 B CN101383072 B CN 101383072B CN 2008102014535 A CN2008102014535 A CN 2008102014535A CN 200810201453 A CN200810201453 A CN 200810201453A CN 101383072 B CN101383072 B CN 101383072B
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Abstract
The invention discloses safety precaution equipment and particularly relates to an all-fiber safety defense sensor which comprises at least two splitters, at least two photoelectric conversion devices, at least one light source, at least one fiber delay coil and at least one light-transmitting medium, wherein the splitters, the light source, the photoelectric conversion devices, the fiber delay coil and the light-transmitting medium are mutually connected to form interference light paths for respective transmission in a forward direction and a reverse direction, and perturbation occurring positions on the light-transmitting medium are confirmed by measuring the delay relationship of interference signals of the interference light paths. In the invention, two groups of interference light paths jointly use a delay structure, and the two interference signals obtained through the transmission in the forward direction and the reverse direction have good similarity so as to be conductive to delay judgment and enable the system to have high accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a security device, and more particularly to an all-fiber security sensor. The method detects the invasion of the perimeter region and determines the invasion area by using the effect of the change of the transmission light wave phase and the like when the single mode fiber is disturbed by the outside.
Background
With the development of scientific technology, the importance of security and protection is more prominent, and some important security departments, such as military departments, banks, airports, etc., have higher and higher requirements for large-range, long-distance and high-reliability security and protection technologies. Nowadays, more and more kinds of optical fiber technologies are applied to security technologies, and the optical fiber security technology is characterized in that: the anti-interference performance is strong, and the reliability is high; the concealment is good and the detection is prevented; easy to install and maintain.
The existing perimeter defense system mainly adopts the following three methods to analyze and judge the interference:
one of the prior arts is to determine the occurrence of external interference from the change of the loss of the optical fiber based on the mechanism of microbending loss of the single-mode optical fiber. However, the sensitivity of sensing external disturbance is low, and false alarm is easy to generate.
The second prior art is to measure the disturbance by using an optical time domain reflectometer, and measure the change of the echo generated when the optical wave propagates in the optical fiber along with the external disturbance. The method can determine the position of the optical fiber disturbance according to the delay of the time when the echo is received relative to the transmitting time. However, this method has weak signal, long measurement time, poor real-time performance, is not suitable for dynamic detection, and the price of the time domain reflectometer is also high.
In the third prior art, two M-Z optical fiber interference optical paths are constructed in a perimeter defense system, two paths respectively transmit light waves in opposite directions, and the time difference of transmitting light signals to a detection point in the positive and negative directions after disturbance occurs is measured to determine the position where the disturbance occurs. However, the light source used in this technique is a laser light source, and the stability of the optical fiber optical path system is poor due to its strong time coherence.
Based on the above reasons, we need to invent a new safety precaution device to solve the defects of low measurement accuracy, unstable optical path of the optical fiber, high price and the like in the existing safety precaution technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an all-fiber security sensor, which is a brand-new all-fiber white light interference system.
The problems solved by the invention can be realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the all-fiber security defense sensor is characterized by comprising at least two splitters, at least two photoelectric conversion devices, at least one light source, at least one fiber delay coil and at least one light transmission medium; the optical fiber interference device comprises a splitter, a light source, a photoelectric conversion device, an optical fiber delay coil and a light transmission medium, wherein the splitter, the light source, the photoelectric conversion device, the optical fiber delay coil and the light transmission medium are connected with one another to form an interference light path for transmitting in forward and reverse directions, and the position of disturbance on the light transmission medium is determined by measuring the delay relation of interference signals of the interference light path.
The all-fiber safety defense sensor also comprises a signal processing system, wherein the signal processing system is connected with the branching unit through the photoelectric conversion device, integrates and analyzes the interference signal, and judges the nature of disturbance and the position of the disturbance.
The light source respectively passes through one port of the branching unit, passes through the optical fiber delay coil and the light transmission medium, and forms a path of interference light path; and the light source respectively passes through the other port of the branching unit and then passes through the light transmission medium to form another path of interference light path.
The two splitters are 3 x 3 splitters respectively provided with 3 incoming ports and 3 outgoing ports, and the two 3 x 3 splitters are connected through two pairs of outgoing ports.
The all-fiber safety defense sensor also comprises two 1 x 2 splitters respectively provided with 2 wire inlet ports and 1 wire outlet port.
The two 1 x 2 shunts are respectively connected with one wire inlet port of the two 3 x 3 shunts through a wire outlet port.
The two photoelectric conversion devices are respectively connected with the other wire inlet ports of the two 3 x 3 splitters.
The fiber delay coil is connected between two outlet ports of the two 3 x 3 splitters.
The all-fiber security sensor further comprises two additional photoelectric conversion devices, and the two additional photoelectric conversion devices are respectively connected with the third inlet ports of the two 3 x 3 splitters.
The light source is connected with one incoming port of the two 1 x 2 splitters.
The light transmission medium is an optical cable, and the optical cable is arranged between the other inlet ports of the two 1 x 2 splitters.
The light transmission medium is an optical fiber, and the optical fiber is arranged between the other inlet ports of the two 1 × 2 splitters.
Has the advantages that: according to the all-fiber safety defense sensor, two groups of interference light paths share the delay structure, two interference signals obtained by forward and reverse transmission have good similarity, the judgment of delay amount is facilitated, and the accuracy of the system is high. Another outstanding advantage of the invention is: the all-fiber white light interference structure is used, so that the system instability caused by strong time coherence of laser in a laser fiber interference system is greatly reduced.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an all-fiber security sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of another embodiment of an all-fiber security sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the delay relationship between two interference signals obtained by two-way transmission according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an all-fiber security sensor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a block diagram of an all-fiber security sensor according to the present invention is shown, in which a splitter 1 has six ports 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, and 1f (1 e is not used in the present system and is omitted), where 1a, 1b, and 1c are incoming ports, and 1d and 1f are outgoing ports; splitter 2 has six ports 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2f (2 e of which is not used in the system and is therefore omitted), 2a, 2b, 2c being incoming ports and 2d, 2f being outgoing ports. Splitter 1 and splitter 2 are connected by ports 1d and 2d, 1f and 2 f. An optical fiber delay coil 5 is disposed between the port 1d of the splitter 1 and the port 2d of the splitter 2, and the optical fiber delay coil 5 will delay the two optical signals provided by the light source 6 to form an optical interference loop. All modules within the dashed box 15 are collectively referred to as an optical interference unit.
A light source 6, where two light sources may be used, directly providing two optical signals; alternatively, a light source can be connected to the system by passing it through a 1 x 2 splitter and splitting it into two paths. The light source 6 is connected with the branching unit 1 through the port 1a, and provides a path of optical signal for the system; the light source 6 is connected to the splitter 2 through the port 2a to provide another optical signal to the system. The photoelectric conversion device 10 is connected with the branching unit 2 through a port 2b, and the photoelectric conversion device 10 receives one path of optical signal after interference and delay and transmits the optical signal to a signal processing system after processing; the photoelectric conversion device 7 is connected to the splitter 1 through the port 1b, and the photoelectric conversion device 7 receives the interfered and delayed optical signal and transmits the processed optical signal to the signal processing system. In the present invention, the photoelectric conversion device 7 and the photoelectric conversion device 10 are connected to a signal processing system, respectively.
An optical transmission medium 14 is arranged between the port 1c of the splitter 1 and the port 2c of the splitter 2, and the disturbance point 13 will delay the optical signal passing through the optical transmission medium 14 for subsequent operation.
Fig. 2 is another block diagram of the all-fiber security sensor according to the present invention, in which a splitter 3, a splitter 4, an optical-to-electrical conversion device 8, and an optical-to-electrical conversion device 11 are further shown. The existence of the branching unit 3 and the branching unit 4 can enable the light transmission medium 14 and the light source to share one port 1a and one port 2a, and the existence of the photoelectric conversion device 8 and the photoelectric conversion device 11 can enable two paths of optical signals after interference and delay to be comprehensively analyzed and judged more accurately.
The splitter 3 has two incoming ports 3a, 3b, one outgoing port 3 c; the splitter 4 has two inlet ports 4a, 4b, one outlet port 4 c. The light source 6 is connected to the port 3a of the splitter 3, and the light source 6 is connected to the port 4a of the splitter 4. An optical medium 14 is provided between port 3b of splitter 3 and port 4b of splitter 4. The disturbance point 13 causes a delay in the optical signal passing through the optical transmission medium 14 for subsequent operations. The photoelectric conversion device 8 is connected to the port 1c of the splitter 1; the photoelectric conversion device 11 is connected to the port 2c of the splitter 2.
All modules within the dashed box 16 are collectively referred to as an optical interference unit. Splitter 1 and splitter 2 are connected by ports 1d and 2d, 1f and 2 f. An optical fiber delay coil 5 is provided between the port 1d of the splitter 1 and the port 2d of the splitter 2. The photoelectric conversion device 7 is connected to the splitter 1 through a port 1b, and the photoelectric conversion device 10 is connected to the splitter 2 through a port 2 b. The electric conversion device 7, the photoelectric conversion device 8, the photoelectric conversion device 10, and the photoelectric conversion device 11 are connected to a signal processing system, respectively.
The interference light path formed in the figure and transmitted in the forward and reverse directions is as follows:
the I pair of interference light paths is as follows:
1: 6 → 3a → 3c → 1a → 1d → 5 → 2d → 2a → 4c → 4b → 14 → 3b → 3c → 1a → 1f → 2f → 2b (or 2c)
2: 6 → 3a → 3c → 1a → 1f → 2f → 2a → 4c → 4b → 14 → 3b → 3c → 1a → 1d → 5 → 2d → 2b (or 2c)
The second pair of interference light paths is:
3: 9 → 4a → 4c → 2a → 2d → 5 → 1d → 1a → 3c → 3b → 14 → 4c → 4b → 4c → 2a → 2f → 1f → 1b (or 1c)
4: 9 → 4a → 4c → 2a → 2f → 1f → 1a → 3c → 3b → 14 → 4b → 4c → 2a → 2d → 5 → 1d → 1b (or 1c)
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the delay relationship between two interference signals obtained by two-way transmission according to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 4, which is a block diagram of an embodiment of an all-fiber security sensor of the present invention, the light source 6 is a super luminescent tube SLD with model SO3-B, and the light source 6 is first divided into two paths by a splitter 19 to provide two optical signals to the system. One path of optical signal of the light source 6 is connected to the port 3a of the splitter 3 through the optical isolator 20, and the other path of optical signal of the light source 6 is connected to the port 4a of the splitter 4 through the optical isolator 21. The two optical signals are respectively transmitted to the optical interference unit 16, where the optical interference unit 16 is the same as the optical interference unit in the dashed line frame in fig. 2.
The light transmission medium 14 is arranged around the area 22 to be protected, and the light transmission medium 14 can be optical cables or optical fibers, wherein the optical fibers are adopted. When the outside invades into the area 22 to be protected, the disturbance point 13 is caused to the optical fiber, and the disturbance point 13 delays the optical signal passing through the optical fiber, so that the optical signal can be analyzed and calculated later.
The signal input ends of the photoelectric conversion devices 7, 8, 10 and 11 are connected to the ports of the splitters 1 and 2 respectively according to the connection mode in fig. 2, the signal output ends of the photoelectric conversion devices 7, 8, 10 and 11 are connected to the signal processing system 18 respectively, and the signal processing system 18 integrates and analyzes the optical signals input by the photoelectric conversion devices 7, 8, 10 and 11 to determine the nature and the position of disturbance.
The analysis and calculation processes of the system are as follows:
the interference light path formed in the figure and transmitted in the forward and reverse directions is as follows:
the I pair of interference light paths is as follows:
1: 6 → 3a → 3c → 1a → 1d → 5 → 2d → 2a → 4c → 4b → 14 → 3b → 3c → 1a → 1f → 2f → 2b (or 2c)
2: 6 → 3a → 3c → 1a → 1f → 2f → 2a → 4c → 4b → 14 → 3b → 3c → 1a → 1d → 5 → 2d → 2b (or 2c)
The second pair of interference light paths is:
3: 9 → 4a → 4c → 2a → 2d → 5 → 1d → 1a → 3c → 3b → 14 → 4c → 4b → 4c → 2a → 2f → 1f → 1b (or 1c)
4: 9 → 4a → 4c → 2a → 2f → 1f → 1a → 3c → 3b → 14 → 4b → 4c → 2a → 2d → 5 → 1d → 1b (or 1c)
Let the time taken by the fiber from 4c to the disturbance point 13 be τ, let e (t) be eiixp (i ω t)1The time delay of the optical fiber from 13 to 3c is tau2. For simplifying the analysis, only the delay tau brought by the delay coil 5 is considered, the interference phase difference introduced by the splitter is ignored, and meanwhile, the splitter is set to be equal. Assuming that the phase change caused by the disturbance at the disturbance point 13 is phi (t), the output light waves after 1 and 2 optical path delays are respectively expressed as:
Eout1＝kEiexp(ω(t-τ-τ1-τ2)-φ(t-τ2)) (1)
Eout2＝kEiexp(ω(t-τ-τ1-τ2)-φ(t-τ2-τ)) (2)
where ω is the angular frequency of the light wave. K is the light amplitude change caused by the splitter and the optical fiber. According to the interference theory of light wave, the initial phase phi of the system is considered0After the two paths of light 1 and 2 interfere with each other and are subjected to photoelectric conversion, the alternating part signal can be expressed as:
VI(t)＝Acos(Φ0+φ(t-τ2)-φ(t-τ2-τ)) (3)
after 3 and 4 optical path delays, the output light waves are respectively expressed as:
Eout3＝kEiexp(ω(t-τ-τ1-τ2)-φ(t-τ2)) (4)
Eout4＝kEiexp(ω(t-τ-τ1-τ2)-φ(t-τ2-τ)) (5)
after the two paths of light 3 and 4 interfere, and through photoelectric conversion, the alternating part signal can be expressed as:
VII(t)＝Acos(Φ0+φ(t-τ1)-φ(t-τ1-τ)) (6)
comparing the equations (3) and (6), it can be seen that there is a delay relationship between the two pairs of interference signals, that is:
VII(t)＝VI(t-Δτ) (7)
wherein,
Δτ＝τ1-τ2＝nΔL/c＝n(L1-L2)/c＝2nl/c (8)
where n is the equivalent refractive index of the optical fiber, c is the speed of light in vacuum, L1 is the length of the optical fiber between the disturbance points 13 and 4c, L2 is the length of the optical fiber between the disturbance points 13 and 3c, and 1 is the distance between the disturbance point 13 and the midpoint of the optical fiber between 3c and 4c, and can be positive or negative, indicating whether the disturbance point 13 is at the left end or the right end of the midpoint, indicating that the disturbance point 13 is at the end of deviation 3c when 1 is positive, and indicating that the disturbance point 13 is at the end of deviation 4c when 1 is negative.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that the delay relationship between the two signals can measure the position where the disturbance occurs, for example, when the measured delay between the two interference signals is-200 ns, the following formula is used:
Δτ＝τ1-τ2＝nΔL/c＝n(L1-L2)/c＝2nl/c (8)
calculating to obtain:
the distance 1 from the disturbance point 13 to the midpoint of the optical fiber between 3c and 4c is 20m, and is offset to one end of 3 c.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The all-fiber security defense sensor is characterized by comprising at least two splitters, two photoelectric conversion devices, at least one light source, at least one fiber delay coil and at least one light transmission medium; the optical fiber sensor comprises a splitter, a light source, a photoelectric conversion device, an optical fiber delay coil and a light transmission medium, wherein the splitter, the light source, the photoelectric conversion device, the optical fiber delay coil and the light transmission medium are connected with one another to form an interference light path for transmitting in forward and reverse directions, the position where disturbance occurs on the light transmission medium is determined by measuring the delay relation of interference signals of the interference light path, and two pairs of coherent light beams exist in the sensor to form two interference signals.
2. The all-fiber security sensor of claim 1, further comprising a signal processing system, wherein the signal processing system is connected to the splitter through the photoelectric conversion device, and the signal processing system integrates and analyzes the interference signal to determine the nature of the disturbance and the location of the disturbance.
3. The all-fiber security sensor of claim 1, wherein the light source passes through a port of the splitter and through the fiber delay coil and the light transmission medium to form an interference light path; and the light source respectively passes through the other port of the branching unit and then passes through the light transmission medium to form another path of interference light path.
4. The all-fiber security sensor of claim 1 wherein said two splitters are 3 x 3 splitters having 3 incoming ports and 3 outgoing ports respectively, said two 3 x 3 splitters being connected by two pairs of outgoing ports.
5. An all-fiber security sensor according to claim 3, further comprising two 1 x 2 splitters having 2 incoming ports and 1 outgoing port, respectively.
6. The all-fiber security sensor of claim 4, wherein said fiber delay coil is connected between two outlet ports of said two 3 x 3 splitters.
7. The all-fiber security sensor of claim 5, wherein said light source is connected to a line inlet port of said two 1 x 2 splitters.
8. The all-fiber security sensor of claim 5, wherein said light transmitting medium is an optical cable, said optical cable is disposed between said two 1 x 2 splitter input ports.
9. The all-fiber security sensor of claim 5, wherein said light transmitting medium is an optical fiber, said optical fiber is disposed between the other input ports of said two 1 x 2 splitters.
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Effective date of registration: 20210119 Address after: Room 101, building 6, 888 Fulian Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 201906 Patentee after: SHANGHAI FUDAN INTELLIGENCE MONITORING COMPLETE SET EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 1331, 3208-3212, building 1, No. 498, GuoShouJing Road, Zhangjiang High Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203 Patentee before: Shanghai Yongchuang Technology Development Co.,Ltd. |
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