CN101701844B - Optical fiber vibration sensing system and using method thereof based on double Mach-Zehnder interferometers - Google Patents
Optical fiber vibration sensing system and using method thereof based on double Mach-Zehnder interferometers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber vibration sensing system and a using method thereof based on double Mach-Zehnder interferometers. An end A machine and an end B machine of the system are arranged at two ends of the interferometer, a control module of each end machine is connected with a light source as well as a detecting collection and communication module, the end A machine is further provided with a time synchronization module. A communication fiber is connected with the communication modules of the end A machine and the end B machine. The light source module of the end A machine and the end B machine is connected with the detecting collection module of an opposite end machine through a sensing optical fiber and an optical coupler to form double interferometers. The using method of the system comprises the following steps of: setting a threshold value by the control module of the end A machine, respectively outputting the interference information of optical signals of the end A machine and the end B machine to the opposite end machine; sending a collection triggering signal by the control module of the end A machine and starting to collect data by a second end machine when the sensing optical fiber influenced by vibrating to interfere in the information reaches the threshold value; determining the position of interfering on the sensing optical fiber by the control module of the end A machine according to two-path collecting data and the time synchronization information. The invention has double light sources, low loss of optical power, longer monitoring distance and higher sensitivity.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to optical fiber sensing technology, be specially a kind of optical fiber vibration sensing system and using method based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
(2) background technology
Isometric at pipeline, communication line and boundary line apart from aspect the safety monitoring, conventional sensing technology such as infrared, the first-class very big technical bottleneck that runs into of making a video recording.Because the detection range of the single sensing unit that these methods adopt is limited, needs to constitute sensing networks increasing distance sensing, thereby cause system architecture complexity when long range sensing, problems such as construction and maintenance cost height with numerous sensing units.
The distributing optical fiber sensing technology can real-time continuous the environmental parameter (involving vibrations, impact, temperature or the like) to distributing along sensor fibre measure.Compare with traditional sensor monitoring means, Fibre Optical Sensor have anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), corrosion-resistant, response speed piece, highly sensitive, far-end exempt from little in light weight, the measurement range of power supply, volume extensively, mounting condition is not subjected to landform restriction, non-maintaining, characteristics such as cost is low.The distributing optical fiber sensing technology is particularly suitable for sensing alarm systems such as circumference safety precaution, seismic monitoring and tsunami early warning, its essence is the detection of vibration signal and analysis, because the intrinsic propesties of optical fiber is to signal sensitivities such as vibration, stress and sound waves, is subjected to various countries based on the vibrating sensing technology of optical fiber especially distributed sensing and payes attention to.
One of main implementation method of distributing optical fiber sensing technology is the fibre optic interferometer method at present.The variation of external environment can cause the light signal phasic difference between fibre optic interferometer two arms to change, and differs change curve by real-time carry-out bit, can realize the monitoring to the environmental change that distributes along sensor fibre.That reports both at home and abroad at present has: Sagnac/Mach-Ze De (Sagnac/Mach-Zender), Sagnac/Michelson (Sagnac/Michelson), the sensor of Sagnac/Sagnac interferometer combined forms such as (Sagnac/Sagnac).
Advantages such as Mach-Ze De fibre optic interferometer has that light channel structure is simple, highly sensitive, dynamic range is big, response is fast, distance sensing is long, bearing accuracy and fiber lengths are irrelevant, long-distance distributed optical fiber sensor-based system all are based on this principle realization usually.
The structure of current optical fiber vibration sensing system based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer is such: will work as the optical fiber of interferometer two arms and lay along predetermined zone of protection; In addition, with a telecommunication optical fiber light signal of light source output is delivered to the input light of the opposite end of interferometer as interferometer, the interference signal with the opposite end draws back simultaneously.Thereby the delay inequality of calculating the two-way interference signal obtains the positional information in oscillation point.The major defect that this structure exists is, used one to draw back into optical fibers with the isometric signal of sensor fibre, introduced the optical passive component that adds aspect light path, increased the optical power loss on the light path, just lost sensing length.Secondly, all light signals that transmit on the interferometer all are correlated with, and the reflected light that produces on any one photo-coupler all can participate in the signal interference of light, thereby causes the light signal deterioration, influences the detection sensitivity and the bearing accuracy of sensor.On the other hand, the light source light signal of delivering to the opposite end from telecommunication optical fiber all is to transmit in the mode of simulating signal with the interference light signal that draws back, is easy to cause optical signal distortion, can cause detection sensitivity to descend equally.
(3) summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers, terminal at the fibre optic interferometer two ends has arbitrary source and surveys acquisition module, two terminals are connected with telecommunication optical fiber by sensor fibre, and free synchronization module guarantees two-way image data consistance in time in the system.
Another object of the present invention is to design the using method of the optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the present invention, the detected signal employing of system's one end digital data transmission mode is sent to the opposite end and carries out relevant treatment and location computing, determines the position of vibration generation.
The optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the present invention's design adopts following technical scheme: comprise the Mach-Zehnder interferometer that contains sensor fibre and photo-coupler, native system comprises A terminal and B terminal, be installed in the two ends of interferometer respectively, every you machine includes light source module, surveys acquisition module, control module and communication module, control module connects light source module, surveys acquisition module and communication module, the A terminal is a main control computer, also has time synchronized module Access Control module.The communication module of A terminal and B terminal is interconnected by a telecommunication optical fiber.The light source module of A terminal constitutes first Mach-Zehnder interferometer through being connected to the detection acquisition module of B terminal at first photo-coupler of sensor fibre front end, two sensor fibres with at second photo-coupler of sensor fibre end; The light source module of same B terminal is connected to the detection acquisition module of A terminal through second above-mentioned photo-coupler, two sensor fibres and first photo-coupler, constitutes second Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
The control module of described A terminal and B terminal is a microprocessor module, to light source module and detection acquisition module sending controling instruction, reads the data of collection.
Described light source module is a narrow linewidth laser, is difficult to accomplish that length is identical owing to constitute the sensor fibre of Mach-Zehnder interferometer two arms, so the coherent length that has of the output light of light source module is greater than the length difference of two sensor fibres.
Described detection acquisition module includes photoelectric switching circuit, signal conditioning circuit, analog/digital signal conversion circuit, and data caching circuit is used to realize the high speed acquisition to interference signal.Its data caching circuit has annular storage unit, can realize the data acquisition of the on-off delay amount of random length.
Described communication module realizes the transmission of steering order between two you machines and the transmission of image data.
Described time synchronized module contains clock circuit, determines that triggering command is delivered to the B terminal from the A terminal and returns the needed time of A terminal, and the time of regulating the detection acquisition module image data of A terminal and B terminal thus reaches synchronous.Clock circuit comprises the crystal oscillator element.
Described photo-coupler is the 3dB photo-coupler.
The control module of A terminal is connected to warning device.
The control module of A terminal is connected to display device.
The control module of A terminal is connected with remote computer by wireless and/or network.
The step of the using method of the optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the present invention is as follows:
The control module setting threshold of I, A terminal, the light stable signal that the light source module of A terminal sends is divided into two-way at first photo-coupler and is input in the sensor fibre, second photo-coupler at the sensor fibre end interferes, and interference information outputs to the detection acquisition module of B terminal; Similar with it, the light stable signal that the light source module of B terminal sends is divided into two-way at second photo-coupler and is input in the sensor fibre, interferes at first photo-coupler of sensor fibre front end, and interference information outputs to the detection acquisition module of A terminal;
II, when sensor fibre is influenced by extraneous vibration, A, B terminal output interference of light information presents strong and weak fluctuations and is output to carries out signal Processing to terminal; When the interference light change intensity reaches A terminal preset threshold, the control module of A terminal is sent the trigger collection signal, this signal is divided into three the tunnel, one tunnel detection acquisition module that triggers on the A terminal begins image data, another road passes to the B terminal by the communication module of A terminal, also has one the tunnel to send into the time synchronized module and make it to pick up counting;
The communication module of III, B terminal receives trigger pip and sends into its control module, and the control module of B terminal triggers its detection acquisition module and begins image data; Simultaneously return A and return back-signalling of terminal through communication module;
IV, A terminal receive after the back-signalling that control module is sent instruction and given the time synchronized module, makes it to stop timing, and time synchronized module timing duration equals A, B terminal trigger pip mistiming 2 times;
V, B terminal send to the A terminal with packing data through communication module after finishing data acquisition;
The triggered time difference adjusting A that the control module of VI, A terminal provides according to the time synchronized module, the two-way image data consistance in time that the B terminal obtains; Carry out the related operation and the location computing of two paths of data then;
The control module of VII, A terminal is according to two-way image data and time synchronization information, determine the position on sensor fibre of disturbance, and the result can be sent to occurrence positions and the intensity that display device shows disturbance, and/or start warning device and send warning, and/or the result is transported to remote computer through wireless/network.
The present invention is based on the optical fiber vibration sensing system of two Mach-Zehnder interferometers and the advantage of using method is: 1, in two terminals two light sources are arranged, to reach farther monitoring distance; 2, reduced photo-coupler number on the light path, made optical power loss be reduced to minimum, monitoring distance is farther; 3, the data signal transmission between the communication module of two terminals has replaced the direct transmission of the simulating signal in the signal communication optical fiber indirectly, has effectively avoided signal distortion, improves sensitivity; 4, in two terminals independently two light source modules avoided the photo-coupler reflected light to participate in interfering effectively and problem that the optical signal quality that causes descends, so detection sensitivity is higher.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is this structural representation based on the optical fiber vibration sensing system embodiment 1 of two Mach-Zehnder interferometers;
Fig. 2 is this optical fiber vibration sensing system embodiment 1 scheme of installation based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers;
Fig. 3 is these optical fiber vibration sensing system embodiment 2 scheme of installations based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
Number in the figure is described as follows:
1, A terminal, 2, the B terminal, 3, first photo-coupler, 3-1, second photo-coupler,
4, sensor fibre, 5, telecommunication optical fiber, 6, guarded pipeline, 7, guarded communications optical cable.
(5) embodiment
Embodiment 1
This example is for applying to the optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers of oil, natural gas line security protection.
This example based on the structure of the optical fiber vibration sensing system of two Mach-Zehnder interferometers as shown in Figure 1, comprise A terminal 1 and B terminal 2, be installed in the two ends of interferometer respectively, every you machine includes light source module, surveys acquisition module, control module and communication module, control module connects light source module, surveys acquisition module and communication module, A terminal 1 is a main control computer, also has time synchronized module Access Control module.The communication module of A terminal 1 and B terminal 2 is interconnected by a telecommunication optical fiber 5.The light source module of A terminal 1 constitutes first Mach-Zehnder interferometer through the detection acquisition module that first photo-coupler 3, two sensor fibres 4 and second photo-coupler 3-1 are connected to B terminal 2, the light source module of same B terminal 2 is connected the detection acquisition module of A terminal 1 through second above-mentioned photo-coupler 3-1, two sensor fibres 4 with first photo-coupler 3, constitute second Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
The control module of described A terminal 1 and B terminal 2 is a microprocessor module, to light source module and detection acquisition module sending controling instruction, reads the data of collection.
Described light source module is a narrow linewidth laser, and the coherent length of its output light is greater than the length difference of two sensor fibres.
Described detection acquisition module includes photoelectric switching circuit, signal conditioning circuit, analog/digital signal conversion circuit, data caching circuit.Its data caching circuit has annular storage unit.
Described time synchronized module is the clock circuit that contains the crystal oscillator element, determines that triggering command is delivered to B terminal 2 from A terminal 1 and returns the 1 needed time of A terminal, and the time of regulating the detection acquisition module image data of A terminal 1 and B terminal 2 thus reaches synchronous.
Described photo-coupler 3,3-1 are the 3dB photo-coupler.
The control module of the A terminal 1 that this is routine also is connected to warning device and display device.The control module of A terminal 1 is connected with remote computer with network by wireless.
This routine system installation situation as shown in Figure 2, optical fiber is laid or is close to guarded pipeline 6 and lays along guarded pipeline 6 both sides S type.A terminal 1 and B terminal 2 are installed in guarded pipeline 6 two ends respectively to be possessed in the machine room of condition of power supply.The distance of two terminals 1,2 can reach kilometers up to a hundred.Be subjected to impacting at guarded pipeline 6, hole when destroying, the sensor fibre 4 of laying can be subjected to vibration effect simultaneously, and these vibration informations can be sent back long-range terminal by sensor fibre 4 and carry out analyzing and processing, and report to the police immediately.Because whole optical path is simple in structure, so whole engineering is laid no difficulty, reliability height.
This example is as follows based on the using method of the optical fiber vibration sensing system of two Mach-Zehnder interferometers:
The control module setting threshold of I, A terminal 1, the light stable signal that the light source module of A terminal 1 sends is divided into two-way at first photo-coupler 3 and is input in the sensor fibre 4, second photo-coupler 3-1 at sensor fibre 4 ends interferes, and interference information outputs to the detection acquisition module of B terminal 2; Similar with it, the light stable signal that the light source module of B terminal 2 sends is divided into two-way at second photo-coupler 3-1 and is input in the sensor fibre 4, first photo-coupler 3 at sensor fibre 4 front ends interferes, and interference information outputs to the detection acquisition module of A terminal 1;
II, when sensor fibre 4 is influenced by extraneous vibration, A, B terminal 1,2 output interference of light information present strong and weak fluctuations and are output to carries out signal Processing to terminal; When the interference light change intensity reaches A terminal 1 preset threshold, the control module of A terminal 1 is sent the trigger collection signal, this signal is divided into three the tunnel, one tunnel detection acquisition module that triggers on the A terminal 1 begins image data, another road passes to B terminal 2 by the communication module of A terminal 1, also has one the tunnel to send into the time synchronized module, make it to pick up counting;
The communication module of III, B terminal 2 receives trigger pip and sends into its control module, and the control module of B terminal 2 triggers its detection acquisition module and begins image data; Simultaneously return 1 one back-signallings of A terminal through communication module;
IV, A terminal 1 receive after the back-signalling that control module is sent instruction and given the time synchronized module, makes it to stop timing, and time synchronized module timing duration equals A, 1,2 trigger pip mistimings of B terminal 2 times;
V, B terminal 2 send to A terminal 1 with packing data through communication module after finishing data acquisition;
The triggered time difference adjusting A that the control module of VI, A terminal 1 provides according to the time synchronized module, the two-way image data consistance in time that B terminal 1,2 obtains; Carry out the related operation and the location computing of two paths of data then;
The control module of VII, A terminal 1 is according to two-way image data and time synchronization information, determine the position of disturbance on sensor fibre 4, and the result sent to occurrence positions and the intensity that display device shows disturbance, start warning device and send warning, and the result is transported to remote computer through wireless and network.
This example is the optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers that applies to the safety monitoring of optical fiber telecommunications line.The structure of the system that this is routine also as shown in Figure 1, and is identical with embodiment 1, no longer is repeated in this description.
This routine installation situation as shown in Figure 3, with three standby optical fiber in the guarded communications optical cable 7 respectively as the sensor fibre 4 and the telecommunication optical fiber 5 of native system.A terminal 1 and B terminal 2 are installed in guarded communications optical cable 7 circuit two ends respectively to be possessed in the machine room of condition of power supply.Two terminals, 1,2 distances can reach kilometers up to a hundred.Guarded communications optical cable 7 circuits are when being destroyed or eavesdrop, and guarded communications optical cable 7 will be subjected to vibration effect, and sensor fibre 4 wherein sends back the native system terminal with vibration information, and 1 pair of information of A terminal is handled and reported to the police.This scheme has been avoided extra optical fibre installation cost, installs fast, and stability is high.
The using method of this routine system is identical with embodiment 1, no longer repeats.
The foregoing description is the specific case that purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described only, and the present invention is defined in this.All any modifications of within scope of disclosure of the present invention, being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. based on the optical fiber vibration sensing system of two Mach-Zehnder interferometers, comprise the Mach-Zehnder interferometer that contains sensor fibre and photo-coupler, it is characterized in that:
Native system comprises A terminal (1) and B terminal (2), be installed in the two ends of interferometer respectively, every you machine (1,2) includes light source module, surveys acquisition module, control module and communication module, control module connects light source module, surveys acquisition module and communication module, A terminal (1) is a main control computer, also has time synchronized module Access Control module; The communication module of A terminal (1) and B terminal (2) is interconnected by a telecommunication optical fiber (5); The light source module of A terminal (1) constitutes first Mach-Zehnder interferometer through first photo-coupler (3), two sensor fibres (4) and the detection acquisition module that is connected B terminal (2) at second photo-coupler (3-1) of sensor fibre end at the sensor fibre front end; The light source module of same B terminal (2) constitutes second Mach-Zehnder interferometer through the detection acquisition module that above-mentioned second photo-coupler (3-1), two sensor fibres (4) and first photo-coupler (3) are connected A terminal (1);
The control module of described A terminal (1) and B terminal (2) is a microprocessor module, to light source module and detection acquisition module sending controling instruction, reads the data of collection; Described light source module is a narrow linewidth laser; Described detection acquisition module includes photoelectric switching circuit, signal conditioning circuit, analog/digital signal conversion circuit, data caching circuit; Described time synchronized module contains clock circuit.
2. the optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described light source module is the narrow linewidth laser of the coherent length that has of output light greater than the length difference of two sensor fibres (4).
3. the optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described photo-coupler (3,3-1) is the 3dB photo-coupler.
4. the optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The data caching circuit of described detection acquisition module has annular storage unit.
5. the optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The clock circuit of described time synchronized module comprises the crystal oscillator element.
6. according to each described optical fiber vibration sensing system in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers:
The control module of described A terminal (1) is connected to warning device.
7. according to each described optical fiber vibration sensing system in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers:
The control module of described A terminal (1) is connected to display device.
8. according to each described optical fiber vibration sensing system in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers:
The control module of described A terminal (1) is connected with remote computer by wireless and/or network.
9. according to the using method of each described optical fiber vibration sensing system based on two Mach-Zehnder interferometers in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that using step as follows:
The control module setting threshold of I, A terminal (1), the light stable signal that the light source module of A terminal (1) sends is divided into two-way at first photo-coupler (3) and is input in the sensor fibre (4), second photo-coupler (3-1) terminal at sensor fibre (4) interferes, and interference information outputs to the detection acquisition module of B terminal (2); Similar with it, the light stable signal that the light source module of B terminal (2) sends is divided into two-way at second photo-coupler (3-1) and is input in the sensor fibre (4), first photo-coupler (3) at sensor fibre (4) front end interferes, and interference information outputs to the detection acquisition module of A terminal (1);
II, when sensor fibre (4) is influenced by extraneous vibration, A, B terminal (1,2) output interference of light information presents strong and weak fluctuations and is output to carries out signal Processing to terminal; When the interference light change intensity reaches A terminal (1) preset threshold, the control module of A terminal (1) is sent the trigger collection signal, this signal is divided into three the tunnel, one tunnel detection acquisition module that triggers on the A terminal (1) begins image data, another road passes to B terminal (2) by the communication module of A terminal (1), also has one the tunnel to send into the time synchronized module and make it to pick up counting;
The communication module of III, B terminal (2) receives trigger pip and sends into its control module, and the control module of B terminal (2) triggers its detection acquisition module and begins image data; Simultaneously return (1) back-signalling of A terminal through communication module;
IV, A terminal (1) receive after the back-signalling that control module is sent instruction and given the time synchronized module, makes it to stop timing, and time synchronized module timing duration equals A, B terminal (1,2) trigger pip mistiming 2 times;
V, B terminal (2) send to A terminal (1) with packing data through communication module after finishing data acquisition;
The triggered time difference adjusting A that the control module of VI, A terminal (1) provides according to the time synchronized module, the two-way image data consistance in time that B terminal (1,2) obtains; Carry out the related operation and the location computing of two paths of data then;
The control module of VII, A terminal (1) is according to two-way image data and time synchronization information, determine the position of disturbance on sensor fibre (4), and the display device that control module connect that the result sends to A terminal (1) is shown the occurrence positions and the intensity of disturbance, and/or the warning device that control module connect that starts A terminal (1) sends warning, and/or through wireless/network that the control module of A terminal (1) connects remote computer the result is transported to remote computer.
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| CN103743462B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-11-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十四研究所 | Based on the optical fiber vibration sensing system of double modulation Mach-Zehnder interferometer |
| CN105187121A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-12-23 | 天津纤测道客科技发展有限公司 | Communication optical cable fault point surface position location method and system |
| CN105371941B (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-04-13 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇五研究所 | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing detection method based on optical circulator |
| CN105488935B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2018-01-16 | 天津大学 | A kind of distributed optical fiber disturbance positioning system and its localization method based on asymmetric double Mach Zehnder interference |
| CN108471332A (en) * | 2018-03-17 | 2018-08-31 | 广东容祺智能科技有限公司 | A kind of remote monitoring system |
| CN114459593B (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2024-01-30 | 北京信维科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving detection distance of optical fiber vibration system |
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