CN101379269A - 泥浆流动止回阀 - Google Patents

泥浆流动止回阀 Download PDF

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CN101379269A
CN101379269A CNA2004800314713A CN200480031471A CN101379269A CN 101379269 A CN101379269 A CN 101379269A CN A2004800314713 A CNA2004800314713 A CN A2004800314713A CN 200480031471 A CN200480031471 A CN 200480031471A CN 101379269 A CN101379269 A CN 101379269A
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K·H·亨里克森
C·T·米西威兹
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/08—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Sliding Valves (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Valve Housings (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
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Abstract

一种井下使用的阀允许泥浆或完井液流过而在遇到采出烃类时关闭。穿过所述阀的流动穿过环形通道，所述环形通道的特征在于具有优选由天然橡胶制成的套筒。所述通道在完井期间保持打开，而在遇到采出的烃类时橡胶膨胀而关闭所述通道。其应用包括长水平段和小内径横向井筒的完井，在完井中利用挠性管或钢缆下入滑动套筒是不切实际的。

Description

泥浆流动止回阀
技术领域
本发明的领域为井下阀，尤其是利用流过这些阀的井流体可在打开与关闭位置之间进行操作的阀。
背景技术
井下阀已经用于提供从不同地层进入井的可选择通道。通常，这些阀利用滑动套筒来选择地对齐或错开内滑动套筒上的开口，所述内滑动套筒与外壳同心设置。所述滑动套筒在其端部附近可具有用于通过工具接合的凹槽或凹口，以在一个方向或另一个方向上滑动所述套筒。通常，操作滑动套筒的工具由挠性管或钢缆进行输送，然而也可用刚性管进行输送。
对于利用由挠性管或钢缆输送的工具操作滑动套筒阀的传统方法来说，在斜井尤其是具有长的水平段斜井的许多应用中存在特别的困难。其它应用，如多分支井系统的接合，具有很小的内径从而利用挠性管或钢缆来操作所述套筒几乎是不可能的。
一种解决常规工具缺少移动所述套筒的通道这一问题的方法是提供一局部电源，如电池，并且利用局部电源为在打开与关闭位置之间的套筒提供电力。然而，利用电池电力仍存在可靠性问题，并且如果所述阀不能关闭就没有接近该阀并使其关闭的备用通道。
在不可用常规类型的通道的情况下，使用阀的需求促进了对本发明的需求。在寻找能够对实际上不能被机械地接近的阀进行操作的更可靠方式的过程中，研制出了本发明的阀。在一个优选实施例中，本发明阀的特征在于具有环形通道，该环形通道衬有对一些流体敏感而对其它流体不敏感的材料。所述阀可持续保持打开，直到其与使衬管膨胀的流体接触为止。所述的膨胀关闭了穿过阀本体的流道以进行随后的操作。这种类型的阀对于与敞开的横向井筒(laterals)连接使用的具有筛管的主井筒(screened main bore)具有特殊的应用。在这种应用中，在完井操作期间经历高速流动的泥浆期望绕过主井筒完井段内的筛管。然而，当开始进行油气(hydrocarbon)生产时，需要关闭筛管的旁路并使开采的烃类直接穿过这些筛管。本发明的阀就可做到。暴露于采出的烃类可产生使所述阀关闭的充分膨胀。当这种情况出现时，采出的流体可被导引以穿过所述筛管，直到流动到地面为止。结合下面优选实施例的描述和附图以及权利要求书，对于本领域的技术人员来说本发明的这些优点和其它优点将会变得显而易见。
发明内容
一种井下阀的使用可使泥浆或完井液流过而对于生产的烃类关闭。穿过所述阀的流动穿过环形通道，该环形通道的特征为具有优选由橡胶制成的套筒。所述通道在完井作业期间保持打开，而在油气生产期间橡胶膨胀并关闭所述通道。可应用在涉及长水平段和小内径的横向井筒的完井中，在该完井中利用挠性管或钢缆接近滑动套筒是不切实际的。
附图说明
图1为井眼的剖面图，其示出了筛管完井的主井眼和在没有生产管柱的横向井筒附近设置于筛管组件内的本发明的阀；
图2为图1处于打开位置的本发明的阀的详细视图；
图3为图2处于关闭位置的阀的视图；
图4为处于打开位置穿过所述阀的剖面图；
图5为沿图4中线5-5的剖视图；
图6为处于关闭位置的阀沿图4中的线6-6的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了本发明的一种应用。井10具有进入横向井筒14的生产油管12。在横向井筒14中，井10分成了分支16和18。分支16和18分别下有套管20和22。生产油管24和26分别延伸穿过套管20和22以分别终止于筛管组件28和30中。分支16具有多个呈现“裸眼”的分支32和34，也就是说在这些分支中没有生产油管，这是在完井和随后生产期间的情况。类似地，分支18也具有多个分支，如分支36和38，同样分支36和38也是裸眼的。筛管组件28具有阀40，阀40允许高速流体流过下面的环空42，如图2中的箭头44所示。这些高速流动的钻井泥浆或其它完井液在经过打开的阀40之后流过筛管组件28，从而可从分支32绕过筛管组件28。这一返回的流动由箭头46示出。相同的流动方式存在于由分支36和38进入分支18和由分支32进入分支16。在分支的始端与阀之间可具有分支，完井液或泥浆可穿过所述分支进行流动。如果出现这种情况，所述流动将穿过筛管组件(如28或30)周围的环空，直到到达阀(如40或48)为止。
如图3所示，当由于分支32进行生产而使阀40移动到关闭位置时，所述向上流动(flow uphole)50进入环空42并穿过筛管组件28。基本上，由于阀40和48下面的分支的生产而使阀40和48关闭，因此采出流体被迫流过筛管组件28和30。这与在使用泥浆或其它流体的完井期间阀40和48打开时绕过筛管组件28和30的流动方式相反。
图4-6示出了阀40或48的一个实施例的操作。所述阀(如阀40)具有由多个小孔54构成的圆形入口52。阀40具有工作筒(mandrel)56，该工作筒具有中心通道58。环形通道60起始于小孔54附近并在端壁62处终止。一连串的小孔64使得从环形通道60进入中心通道58。连接件66被固定到筛管组件28上以使返回的泥浆或其它完井液穿过筛管组件(如筛管组件28)的内部。套筒68设置在环形通道60内并在钻井泥浆或完井液流动时具有足够小的厚度以使高速泥浆穿过环形通道60并向上穿过筛管组件28到达地面。然而，如果允许分支输送流动至阀40并生产烃类，套筒68就会与烃类接触以膨胀到一定程度从而使环形通道60阻止进一步的流动。生产的液流由于流过通道58而不再短路筛管组件28。然而，采出流体的流动在连接件66的外部进行，直到该流体的流动遇到筛管组件28的筛管段为止。此时，正如所需要的，采出流体被迫穿过筛管以阻挡采出的砂子或其它不纯物。图5示出了膨胀前的套筒68，图6示出了向着关闭位置膨胀的套筒68。
虽然套筒68的材料优选为合成橡胶、天然橡胶、EPDM或暴露于烃类时就会显著膨胀的卤代丁基，但是本发明的阀包括其它设计，其允许泥浆和完井液通过并在暴露于采出流体时可被触发以关闭。因此，套筒68可由除橡胶以外的其它材料制成，如合成橡胶，并且不需要沿长度的均匀的尺寸。其可为在暴露于烃类时胀大或膨胀以关闭流道的各种材料的组合。可选地，所述套筒的材料可对采出或注入的水敏感，如像膨润土一样的粘土。可选地，能够关闭阀40的材料可对任何井下流体敏感但在完井作业期间与该材料隔离。之后，当需要在阀40的下面进行分支开采以便这些分支的采出液流过筛管时，以各种方式将采出液暴露于套筒68以便套筒68膨胀并关闭环形通道60，置于套筒上方的层70可失效(defected)。例如，套筒68可由遇水膨胀的粘土制成，如膨润土或水泥或粉煤灰(fly ash)或其它能够膨胀并具有足够刚性以使流动改向的材料。防护罩70可通过溶解(如化学反应或其它形式的侵蚀)而被移除。可选地，高速流动或施加压差可侵蚀或物理地移除防护罩70。水可来自采出液或小心地从地面注入。
本领域地技术人员易于理解，上述的各种设计使阀能够在不能应用挠性管或钢缆的情况下进行可靠地操作。所述设计消除了依赖井下电池的不确定性，所述井下电池作为电源来操作所述阀。由于其操作简单和可靠，当进入裸眼分支时其提供了一种有用的工具，所述裸眼分支需要高流速的完井液来进行完井从而必需绕过筛管组件，由于关闭了阀，其还能灵活地在之后将采出液从裸眼的分支导引以穿过筛管组件。此外，滑动套筒井下阀的更多普通应用也可受益于本发明的阀。
前述的本发明的公开内容和描述仅仅是示例性的，在不脱离本发明的情况下，可在尺寸、形状、材料以及示出结构的细节方面做出各种改变。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于井下使用的阀组件，包括:
阀本体，其具有穿过其中的通道；
阀部件，其根据与其接触的流体的组成可选择地在打开和关闭位置之间进行操作。
2.如权利要求1所述的阀组件，其特征在于，所述阀部件通过增加体积而获得所述关闭位置。
3.如权利要求2所述的阀组件，其特征在于，当所述阀部件暴露于迫使其处于所述关闭位置的流体中时变硬。
4.如权利要求1所述的阀组件，其特征在于，
所述通道包括围绕所述阀本体内的工作筒的环形通道；
所述阀部件包括所述通道内的套筒；
所述套筒可选择地改变体积以阻塞所述环形通道。
5.如权利要求4所述的阀组件，其特征在于，所述阀本体具有围绕所述工作筒导引流动并穿过所述环形通道的入口，用于与所述套筒接触；以及将流动从所述环形通道导引到所述工作筒，从而导引到工作筒上的端部连接件的出口。
6.如权利要求5所述的阀组件，其特征在于，还包括筛管，所述筛管具有内部通道，以及所述筛管连接到所述端部连接件，从而在所述阀部件处于所述打开位置时，井眼内的流动可穿过所述筛管的内部通道，并且在所述阀部件处于所述关闭位置时，井眼内的流动由于所述内部通道被所述阀部件关闭而必须穿过所述筛管。
7.如权利要求1所述的阀组件，其特征在于，所述阀部件响应于烃类而移动到所述关闭位置。
8.如权利要求1所述的阀组件，其特征在于，所述阀部件不会响应于不含烃类的流体而移动到所述关闭位置。
9.如权利要求1所述的阀组件，其特征在于，所述阀部件响应于水而移动到所述关闭位置。
10.如权利要求1所述的阀组件，其特征在于，所述阀部件由合成橡胶构成。
11.如权利要求1所述的阀组件，其特征在于，所述阀部件由天然橡胶构成。
12.如权利要求1所述的阀组件，其特征在于，所述阀部件由遇水膨胀的粘土构成。
13.如权利要求1所述的阀组件，其特征在于，还包括可选择地在井下移除的、用于所述阀部件的盖。
14.如权利要求13所述的阀组件，其特征在于，所述盖由机械力、化学反应和流体力之一移除。
15.一种完井和进行开采的方法，其特征在于，
使流体在井眼内流动；
使流体穿过阀组件内部中的通道流到地面；
借助所述开采的组分关闭阀组件内的所述通道；
由于所述关闭而使所述流动改向。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，包括:
将筛管连接到所述阀组件；
使穿过所述阀组件的流动流过所述筛管中的内部通道；
借助所述阀组件内的所述通道的所述关闭而关闭所述筛管的内部通道的入口，从而使所述流动改向经过所述筛管。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，包括:在所述阀组件内提供阀部件，所述阀部件响应于烃类的出现而关闭阀组件。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法，包括:在所述阀组件内提供阀部件，所述阀部件响应于水的出现而关闭阀组件。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法，包括:提供膨胀以关闭所述阀组件内的流动通道的阀部件。
20.如权利要求15所述的方法，包括:利用所述阀组件内的阀部件，所述阀部件由天然橡胶、合成橡胶、粘土，EPDM和卤代丁基构成。
CNA2004800314713A 2003-10-03 2004-09-27 泥浆流动止回阀 Pending CN101379269A (zh)

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