CN101379251B - Siphon system attainable directly during the forming of sanitary ware - Google Patents

Siphon system attainable directly during the forming of sanitary ware Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101379251B
CN101379251B CN200780004881.2A CN200780004881A CN101379251B CN 101379251 B CN101379251 B CN 101379251B CN 200780004881 A CN200780004881 A CN 200780004881A CN 101379251 B CN101379251 B CN 101379251B
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sanitary apparatus
chamber
water
clinoplain
described sanitary
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CN101379251A (en
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卢卡·马卡南
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03CDOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/12Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
    • E03C1/28Odour seals
    • E03C1/29Odour seals having housing containing dividing wall, e.g. tubular
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03CDOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/12Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
    • E03C1/20Connecting baths or bidets to the wastepipe

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a sanitary ware with a siphon system, wherein the system is attainable directly during the forming of the sanitary ware. The sanitary ware comprises an outer frame, at least one inclined plane, a receiving chamber, a drain chamber, a deposit chamber and a drain hole. The drain hole is arranged at the bottom of the sanitary ware. The receiving chamber and the deposit chamber are communicated with each other. An overflow partition wall separates the deposit chamber from the drain chamber. The end of the inclined partition plane is at a distant from the bottom. The distance is less than the height between the bottom and the upper edge of the overflow partition wall.

Description

The sanitary apparatus that comprises siphonic system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system of new formation sanitary apparatus; Especially form the system of shower disc (tray), wash basin, bidet and water closet; Wherein, Their shape inevitable space and next door with enclose inside, said next door has had the required difference in height of siphonic system that forms them, so that the backflow that prevents sewer gas effectively that is connected of sanitary apparatus and sewer pipe; Thereby got rid of the various trap device of quite big volume, said trap must be connected on the said sanitary apparatus at present during installation.
The present invention relates to a kind of sanitary apparatus that comprises siphonic system; This siphonic system can directly obtain during the shaping sanitary apparatus; Said sanitary apparatus comprises external frame, at least one clinoplain, receiving chamber, drain chamber, settling chamber, floss hole; Said floss hole is arranged on the bottom of said sanitary apparatus, and said receiving chamber and said settling chamber are communicated with.
Background technology
Lavatory urinal (Sanitary bowl) and sanitary apparatus or equipment are commonly used to receive with temporary transient all personal hygienes, physiological requirements and the family of keeping and clean the water of using, and final discharge of wastewater is introduced sewer pipe to pipe-line system.
For oozing, gets back in the pipeline drain hole that prevents each sanitary apparatus of sewer odours process; Thereby get into bathroom, room or building; Usually, a trap is inserted in established technical requirements between gutter and sanitary apparatus, and said trap is often filled the whole bottom of the vertical dot encapsulation pipeline of trap of water with it; Thereby the formation barrier layer prevents the backflow of sewer gas.
Obviously, As time goes on, this technology has experienced some raising; Its scope from nineteen thirty-five the solution that proposes of U.S. Pat 2,055,490 to nineteen ninety-five U.S. Pat 5; 404; 597 or calendar year 2001 European patent EP 1170436 described systems, the new material that is adopted in all the special shape of trap or their being made has been done change, thereby has improved its shape and functional.
DE 1984993U discloses a kind of wash basin; Its floss hole and overfall are fit to collecting-tank; Said collecting-tank is arranged on the below of wash basin self; And through the protuberance inlet (threshold) be connected with gutter, the inlet of said protuberance is arranged on respect to floss hole and the higher horizontal plane place of overfall, with formation siphon.
GB 1254897 discloses a kind of washbasin; Said washbasin comprises a trap; This trap comprises a member; This member is used and is processed with this pond identical materials and form integral body with said pond, and is divided into sloping portion and the rising part that is connected through the next door, and said sloping portion is in the extension of pond outlet opening; And comprising a sleeve, this sleeve is installed in the inside of the extension of outlet opening, and removable through it.Gutter is connected in the outlet of trap, and forms integral body with the pond and process with same material.
CA 2337185 discloses a kind of urinal structure, and said urinal structure is installed on the wall, and comprises an outlet, and said outlet is communicated with the pond fluid of urinal, is used for during the flushing action, handling the waste water from urinal.The clean out that in the urinal structure, forms is in the position that the horizontally disposed longitudinal axis that leaves outlet is not more than 30 degree, and said clean out is closed with the watertight connector with airtight usually; But when taking off connector, connect nearly outlet, reach the purpose of scavenge pipe.
The solution that in above-mentioned patent and many other similar patents, is proposed is effective certainly to the backflow that prevents smell, but is between the floss hole of sewer pipe inlet or grey water inlet and each urinal or sanitary apparatus, to be connected and the sizable vertical space of trap needs is installed.
Usually; The volume of trap is not problem for water closet, bidet and wash basin, because they all are equipped with sufficiently high pedestal with respect to ground, to place said trap; On the contrary; For example under the situation of shower disc, this inconvenience is more obvious, and floss hole is near below must being contained in floss hole at ground level and trap here.
Do not having pedestal and therefore be installed under the situation on the wall; To water closet, bidet and wash basin; Same inconvenience still takes place in every place that sewer pipe also is housed, because these sanitary apparatus may not be equipped with the drainage fitting that ornamental external is installed at present, said accessory must be covered with furniture; Because the overall dimension of trap, said trap must join to below the floss hole on the said accessory.
Mainly point out to be used for discharging the nearest technical requirements formation receiving chamber of bathtub or shower disc water; Said receiving chamber will be contained in the below of sanitary apparatus during installation; The edge of said sanitary apparatus is higher than drain connection; Receive overflow water here and be transported in the buck gutter, as described in French Patent (FRP) FR 2800261 and the German patent DE 10306120.
According to these solutions, partly prevented the inconvenience relevant, because gutter can be arranged on mao ground basically with the vertical volume of trap.
However, a large amount of parts of technical requirements and the difficult installation thereof that in these patents, are proposed, thereby the assembly problem that produces the dangerous of bearing surface and between the floss hole of sanitary apparatus and sewer pipe or ash-water pipeline, engage.
In addition, very can only adopt identical trap system near the place of main drainpipe at gutter, on the contrary, the drop deficiency of pipeline can make these systems useless.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sanitary apparatus; Said sanitary apparatus has been equipped with the interior dress siphonic system of himself; Be characterized in remaining in the limited overall dimension and height said size and the conventional size and the height that highly equal or be equivalent on the efficient of the present sanitary apparatus of bearing said function, require.
In this task, another free-revving engine of the present invention is in the formation stage of sanitary apparatus, to reach fully, and need not assemble or install any trap device in addition.
Especially, another object of the present invention is to obtain suspension type or wall-mounted sanitary apparatus, and needn't cover their substrate with pedestal or furniture, and under any circumstance all avoids seeing trap and drainage fitting.
Another purpose of native system will be the sanitary apparatus that is suitable for any kind of, make it after forming shallow height, can be suitable for producing the sanitary apparatus of new range, and will be especially wall mounted.
In addition, native system can also be applied to as long as concrete floor is enough high, make gutter that suitable spacing can be arranged from the leader drain sanitary apparatus that is provided with very far away.
According to first aspect of the present invention; A kind of sanitary apparatus that comprises siphonic system is provided; This system can directly obtain during the shaping sanitary apparatus, and said sanitary apparatus comprises external frame, at least one clinoplain, receiving chamber, drain chamber, settling chamber, floss hole, and said floss hole is arranged on a side of said external frame in drain chamber; Said receiving chamber and said settling chamber are communicated with; Wherein, the end of said clinoplain is arranged on the horizontal plane place lower with respect to said floss hole, said drain chamber forms with the basic plane of bottom said settling chamber by sanitary apparatus.
According to second aspect of the present invention; A kind of sanitary apparatus that comprises siphonic system is provided, and this system can directly obtain during the shaping sanitary apparatus, and said sanitary apparatus comprises external frame, at least one clinoplain, receiving chamber, drain chamber, settling chamber, floss hole; Said floss hole is arranged on the bottom of said sanitary apparatus; Said receiving chamber and said settling chamber are communicated with, and wherein, the overflow next door is applied between said settling chamber and the drain chamber; The end of said clinoplain and said bottom interval are opened a span, and said span is less than the height between the top edge in said bottom and said overflow next door.
Description of drawings
Other feature and advantage of the present invention are set forth in the exemplary but not exclusive explanation below embodiment to some extent, and said embodiment is by 7 sketch map supports shown in three appended drawings, wherein:
-Fig. 1 is the vertical view of the section I-I of shower disc among Fig. 3;
-Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the section II-II of this shower disc among Fig. 3;
-Fig. 3 is the top view and the partial cross sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of shower disc of the present invention;
-Fig. 4 is the vertical view of the section IV-IV of wash basin or bidet among Fig. 5;
-Fig. 5 is the top view and the partial cross sectional view of the exemplary embodiment of wash basin of the present invention or bidet;
-Fig. 6 is the vertical view of the section VI-VI of water closet among Fig. 7;
-Fig. 7 is the top view of the exemplary embodiment of water closet of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Each numbering is all represented, perhaps supports the identical component in all accompanying drawings of expression.
According to the exemplary embodiments that proposes among Fig. 1-3; It for example is square basic plane 10 that shower disc 1 consists essentially of; Said basic plane 10 combines with the external frame 11 of setting its size with two upper angled planes 12 and 13, and composition plane 14 converges said two clinoplains 12 and 13 towards the middle part separately.
A series of rib or vertical support 15,16 and 17 are arranged between basic plane 10 and upper plane 12,13 and 14; Its major function is two clinoplains 12 of supporting and 13; Thereby confirm the watertight space of a series of sealings, said space is represented with numbering 32,33,34,35 and 36.
Illustrate like Fig. 2, between rib 15 and 16, clinoplain 13 has a slideway or additional inclined-plane 18; Said inclined-plane 18 engage ribs 17; And there are a slideway or additional inclined-plane 19 in opposing inclined plane 12, and said inclined-plane 19 has the edge highly fixing with respect to basic plane 10, like following better explanation; Thereby form the passage or the receiving chamber 30 of shower water, said shower water flows into from this clinoplain 12 and 13.
The mid portion of above-mentioned rib 17 forms two chamber 20-21 with the left part of the rib 15 of quadrature and 16 and external frame 11 and the obvious part of basic plane 10; Said couple of chamber 20-21 opened by intermediate bulkheads in 22 minutes, and it is higher than the span between the bottom 10 and the end of slideway 19 highly a little.
Because the result of this altitude combination; That is to say; The height in next door 22 wants big with respect to the height of span between the end of bottom 10 and slideway 19, and therefore the water from receive path 30 is deposited in the chamber 20, and said chamber 20 is also limited in next door 22 and part rib 15,16 and 17; This hydrostatic can only often keep impregnation state to flow through this next door 22 through the end of slideway 19.
In fact drain chamber 21 is provided with a weep hole 23, so drain chamber 21 receptions and discharging are from the water of above-mentioned next door 22 overflows, so that this water is transported to ash-water pipeline.
According to what explained up to now; The bad smell that upwards is penetrated into opening 23 and drain chamber 21 from drainage pipe can not leak into the living area; Because water layer static in settling chamber 20 seals the path from said chamber 20 to receive path 30 through the end of frequent submergence slideway 19; Therefore given required siphonic effect, and needn't adopt heavy external device (ED) usually according to the main purpose of this paper explanation.
The shower disc of Fig. 1-3 is also accomplished with soffit 37, and said soffit 37 enables on this shower disc 1, to lay flat board or lattice plate, thereby enables strictly horizontal leveling user's bearing surface, flows to receive path 30 but also be convenient to shower water from inclined partitions 12 and 13.
Referring to Fig. 2 and 3, first variant embodiment of shower disc shown in the figure 1, said shower disc 1 has floss hole 23 1Horizontal arrangement, this floss hole 23 1Cut from external frame 11, for example with dashed lines is shown.
According to this variant embodiment, peritreme 23 IFollowing position be arranged on place with respect to the height level of bottom 10, said height level equals the height in above-mentioned next door 22, so the existence in this next door 22 becomes useless.
In fact, according to this variant embodiment, settling chamber 20 extends up to floss hole 23 1The edge, but guarantee that the end of slideway 19 always is immersed in the water of settling chamber 20, therefore reach required siphonic effect.
Referring to Figure 4 and 5; As pointing out; In the embodiment of wash basin, pot sink or bidet 101, adopted this siphonic system, thereby needed to have a clinoplain 112, its size is less than those sizes of shower disc 1; Embodiment is more easy simultaneously, because the rib shown in top can save.
According to the exemplary embodiment that said Figure 4 and 5 propose, floss hole 123 is a lateral incision of framework 111 externally, its objective is the overall height of the sanitary apparatus 101 that further reduction confession wall is used.
Like hole 23 to shower disc 1 1Illustrational; Configuration at a side floss hole 123 enables to remove next door 122; So that form a siphon chamber, said siphon chamber comprises settling chamber 120 and drain chamber 121, because the liquid level of siphon water static in chamber 120 has been limited at the following position in this hole 123; But it must be higher than the end 119 of clinoplain 112, and often allows to have sheet of water in the at of receiver hole 130.
Obviously, as alternative, this lavatory urinal 101 can be with the drain hole 123 that is arranged on 110 places, bottom 1Implement, illustrational like with dashed lines in these Figure 4 and 5, thus observe the front to shower disc 1 described content, therefore need to form two chambers, promptly according to the scheme of having stated, have the settling chamber 120 and drain chamber 121 in overflow next door 122.
Referring to Fig. 6 and 7, like what pointed out, this siphonic system is applicable to water closet 201, and said water closet 201 is represented with the side or the lateral drain outlet 223 in Heisui River as wash basin 101, supplies wall to use.
Even in this case, the water level of siphon chamber 220-221 is also confirmed by the following position of drain hole 223, as long as this water level must be higher than the height of span between the end 219 of bottom 210 and inclined partitions 212 or passage, so that obtain required siphonic effect.
Because the special use of water closet and because the quality of employed water, the height of the passage between bottom 210 and the end 219 is height enough, and under any circumstance all must be greater than the required height of illustrational wash basin 101 and the gradient in next door 212.
Therefore, the overall structure of water closet 201 must be bigger and firmer, and its overall size then greatly reduces, because various purposes according to the rules, any existing outside trap device can be saved.
In addition, like what in Fig. 6 and 7, seen, that between assurance settling chamber 220 and drain chamber 221, uses next door 222 needs under the situation floss hole 223 1210 configuration also is feasible for water closet 201 in the bottom, so that the end 219 that guarantees inclined partitions 212 is immersed in the water of receiving chamber 230 and settling chamber 220 always according to described siphon pattern before this.
All the time referring to above-mentioned Fig. 6 and 7, on side surface 211, with floss hole 223, be provided with the feed water inlet 240 that is used for flushing water shown in the figure, said feed water inlet 240 has the distributor chamber 241 and outlet opening 242 of himself according to the system that any flushing water distributes.
According to what described before this; In fact the system with inclined partitions 12,112,212 that utilizes is shown; Said next door 12,112,212 has the lower end 19,119,219 that often is immersed in the hydrostatic chamber 20,120,220; Thereby the water level of confirming receive path 30,130,230 always is higher than said end 19,119,219; This can obtain siphonic effect to shower disc, wash basin, pot sink, bidet and water closet or other similar sanitary apparatus, thereby eliminates the unpractical overall dimension of various trap device, and said trap device must be fixed on the outside of this type sanitary apparatus at present; According to the purpose of some regulation, eliminate the unpractical overall dimension of trap device and have sizable advantage aspect space and set-up time.
In addition; This techniques enable that this paper proposes is easier to form the suspension type sanitary apparatus better to the health in bathroom; And it is serial to produce new similar products; And according to shown in some other purpose, if there is enough space to allow suitable spacing between pipes, their location even farther then from leader drain.
For illustrational various types of sanitary apparatus, described before this system implementation example is because the new forming technique of this sanitary apparatus can reach, and said new forming technique replaces traditional method that molded ceramic materials is shaped of passing through.
This new technology mainly is the various above-mentioned parts with the cutter processing and the every kind of sanitary apparatus that is shaped; I.e. bottom, next door, side, inclined partitions etc.; Cut picture
Figure GSB00000303216400081
and so on resin dedicated plate or various profile; Then utilize suitable bonding adhesive; Technology according to the rules locates them and fixes, and said technology is well-known in each use field; Make the embodiment of siphonic system can be used for the sanitary apparatus that reaches according to above-mentioned explanation in the art, this is absolute original technology.
As stated; The embodiment of the siphonic system of illustrational sanitary apparatus means it only is to illustrate with nonrestrictive before this; It is not only for the possibility that dispose change of floss hole 23,123,223 at 10,110,210 places, bottom or on side surface 11,111,211, but also for the shape of various sanitary apparatus 10,110,210 other possible embodiment is arranged.
As an example; Obviously; The end 18 of shower disc 1 and 19 additional inclination can be eliminated through keeping only having with suitable gradient of next door 12 and 13; And still be easy to form receiving chamber 30, the gradient that will obtain replenishing probably at the end 119 and 219 places of the inclined partitions 112 of above-mentioned illustrational sanitary apparatus 101 or 201 and 212 simultaneously.
Equally; Plane 12 and 13 inclined end portion 18 and 19 can be with respect to this plane 12 and 13 or with respect to bottom 10 quadratures; And water 32,33,34,35 and 36 more inaccessible blind areas or those positions can quantitatively change according to the same area of the supporting of the variation of rib 15 and 16 or clinoplain 12 and 13, and said in addition blind area can be full of or clog for example suitable polyurethane foam plastics or equivalent material.
Therefore, can plate be laid immediately on the clinoplain 12 and 13 of shower disc 1, in addition; Can horizontal plane be laid immediately on the clinoplain 112 of sanitary apparatus 101; As long as said plate is equipped with the inclination leg, is easy to the horizontal leveling of assurance, thereby prevents that hydrostatic from forming antihygienic liquid level.
Shower disc 1 also can use water- tight compartment 32,33,34,35 and 36 to realize, said water-tight compartment or do not have 10 of the end, or the bottom 10 of perforation is arranged for example is used for being embedded in the concrete floor that they should anchoring; Shower disc 1 also can obtain with single clinoplain simultaneously, and said single clinoplain extends on the whole shower disc, is placed in the settling chamber 20 of below as long as end 19 is immersed in.
In addition; Sanitary apparatus 101 can be provided with different gradients with 201 inclined partitions 112 with 212; Upright with respect to the liquid level of their hydrostatic of submergence even, and maybe horizontally hinged available plane be associated with their, so that cover hydrostatic and the main use volume that gives sanitary apparatus; For example as kitchen sink; Simultaneously inclined partitions 112 can have different shapes, so that be increased in the free volume when handling the pond, as long as make end 119 submergence all the time and be enclosed between the receiving chamber 130 and settling chamber 120 of waste water.
In any case these are similarly revised with other or adjustment all means in the originality that is included in the said system of this paper claim.

Claims (13)

1. sanitary apparatus (1 that comprises siphonic system; 101; 201), this siphonic system can directly obtain during the shaping sanitary apparatus, and said sanitary apparatus comprises external frame (11; 111; 211), at least one clinoplain (12; 112; 212), receiving chamber (30; 130; 230), drain chamber (21; 121; 221), the settling chamber (20; 120; 220), floss hole (23; 123 '; 223 '), said floss hole (23; 123 '; 223 ') be arranged on said sanitary apparatus (1; 101; 201) bottom (10; 110; 210), said receiving chamber (30; 130; 230) and said settling chamber (20; 120; 220) be communicated with, it is characterized in that overflow next door (22; 122; 222) be applied in said settling chamber (20; 120; 220) and drain chamber (21; 121; 221) between, said clinoplain (12; 112; 212) end (19; 119; 219) with said bottom (10; 110; 210) a spaced apart span, said span is less than said bottom (10; 110; 120) with said overflow next door (22; 122; 222) height between the top edge.
2. according to the described sanitary apparatus of claim 1 (1), wherein, said sanitary apparatus is a shower disc, and said shower disc comprises two clinoplains (12; 13), said two clinoplains (12; 13) have their free ends (18,19) separately, to form the passage of receiving chamber (30).
3. according to the described sanitary apparatus of claim 2 (1), wherein, said two clinoplains (12; 13) by a plurality of ribs (15; 16; 17) supporting.
4. according to the described sanitary apparatus of claim 3 (1), wherein, said rib (15; 16; 17) form said receiving chamber (30) and said settling chamber (20) or said drain chamber (21) with bottom (10) and external frame (11).
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described sanitary apparatus (1), wherein, said rib (15,16,17) limits a series of water-tight compartment (32,33,34,35,36).
6. according to the described sanitary apparatus of claim 5 (1), wherein, said water-tight compartment (32,33,34,35,36) is the bottom no end or that have perforation.
7. according to the described sanitary apparatus of claim 1 (101), wherein, said sanitary apparatus is wash basin, pot sink or bidet.
8. according to the described sanitary apparatus of claim 1 (201), wherein, said sanitary apparatus is a water closet.
9. according to the described sanitary apparatus of claim 8 (201), wherein, said water closet comprises flushing water system (240) and distribution system (241).
10. according to the described sanitary apparatus of claim 7 (101), wherein, said at least one clinoplain (112) is connected on the top edge (111) of sanitary apparatus.
11. according to the described sanitary apparatus of claim 8 (201), wherein, said at least one clinoplain (212) is connected on the top edge (211) of sanitary apparatus.
12. according to claim 10 or 11 described sanitary apparatus (101; 201), wherein, said clinoplain (112; 212) have different angle of slope and different shapes according to the volume that freely stays in the sanitary apparatus.
13. according to the described sanitary apparatus (1 of claim 1; 101; 201), wherein, said receiving chamber (30; 130; 230), said settling chamber (20; 120; 220) and said drain chamber (21; 121; 221) with said external frame (11; 111; 211) form integral body.
CN200780004881.2A 2006-02-10 2007-02-12 Siphon system attainable directly during the forming of sanitary ware Expired - Fee Related CN101379251B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000004A ITBL20060004A1 (en) 2006-02-10 2006-02-10 SIPHON SYSTEM THAT CAN BE DIRECTLY CARRIED OUT IN THE FORMATION OF SANITARY APPLIANCES
ITBL2006A000004 2006-02-10
PCT/EP2007/001186 WO2007090684A1 (en) 2006-02-10 2007-02-12 Siphon system attainable directly during the forming of sanitary ware

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CN101379251A CN101379251A (en) 2009-03-04
CN101379251B true CN101379251B (en) 2012-12-12

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US (1) US20090013461A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1989360A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009526149A (en)
CN (1) CN101379251B (en)
CA (1) CA2641833A1 (en)
IT (1) ITBL20060004A1 (en)
NO (1) NO20083379L (en)
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US8776280B2 (en) 2012-05-17 2014-07-15 Robert Baranj Toilet overflow pan
US10694896B2 (en) * 2015-05-14 2020-06-30 Cnes. M. Montero Pascual, S.L. Flat surface for sinks and shower pans with drainage by means of channels
CN107882155B (en) * 2017-11-14 2023-09-22 开平市瑞霖淋浴科技有限公司 Jet siphon floor drain
RU199180U1 (en) * 2020-03-13 2020-08-19 Александр Викторович Колотов SANITARY PRODUCT DRAIN PANEL
DE202021102960U1 (en) 2021-05-31 2021-08-02 Capricorn S. A. Siphon arrangement in flat construction, especially for shower trays

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US20090013461A1 (en) 2009-01-15
WO2007090684A1 (en) 2007-08-16
CN101379251A (en) 2009-03-04
CA2641833A1 (en) 2007-08-16

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