CN1013781B - Well penetration apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a well penetration apparatus and a method thereof. An elongated shell is arranged in a well pipe perforating machine, and a drive punching head of movable fluid power which outwards moves can cut and perforate on a well pipe. A high-pressure liquid flow nozzle is installed on one end of a soft pipe, and when the well pipe is extended and perforations which extend in the radical direction are cut in peripheral soil, the well pipe can outwards extend from the axial holes of the punching head. The punching head is provided with longitudinal slotted holes which are arranged along the opposite side; protruding sheets outwards bend along the corresponding side of the cutting opening on the well pipe, and the disengagement of the any part of the well pipe and the well pipe can be prevented in the punching operation.

Description

Well penetration apparatus and method

Field under the present invention is oil well and/or gas well well casing drilling equipment, program and method etc.The present invention utilizes the perforator of high-pressure fluid driving, punching on tube wall specifically at a kind of apparatus and method of uniqueness, use high-pressure jet then, a sizable distance is passed surrounding soil outside well casing, cut a passage, feed flow attitude or gaseous hydrocarbon flow into well casing.

Most oil wells or gas well are sent the drilling mud that contains fines in order to discharge drilling cuttings, cooling and other useful effects to lower nip and from drill bit by drill string in this operation with the drilling well of rotary drilling method.The most frequently used material contains bar fines in the drilling mud.Found to hole in the surrounding soil, had drilling fluid contamination outwards to expand, distance boring is from 18 inches to four feet.This pollution is most of to be formed by the fine grained in the mud, for the hydrocarbon that flows into well casing, and the very big obstacle of normal formation.

Existing a lot of stopgap measures propose and adopt, and the runner on stratum around feeding is provided, and the flow of the hydrocarbon that enters well casing is increased.Perhaps, the most frequently used stopgap measure is to use the device of shell formula, is placed in the well casing; But therefore the bullet of this device generally can not can not get the optimum flow state with this device usually through the outside of contaminated area.Therefore, there are various other suggestions to propose the stratum around giving a farfetched interpretation again.For example, United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 022, No. 279 a kind of methods of boring the spirality wellhole of proposition get out a very big distance outside well casing, to improve output.But, do not disclose the concrete apparatus of the auger boring of realizing ideal in this patent, can not affirm whether this structure truly has existence.

United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 370, No. 887, disclosed a kind of device that breaks, use a kind of ejection stopper 11(blow-out plug), this stopper sprays well casing radially outwardly by the effect that sprays into the high pressure that the stopper housing is installed.Da Musi people's such as (Dahms) United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 400,980 and 3,402, No. 965, all disclosed a kind of instrument, this instrument moves down the outside, lower end of stretching out well casing, and tensile pipe fitting or flexible pipe are arranged, and outwards moves from instrument, discharge high pressure liquid simultaneously, so that form a hole in the lower end of well.The device of this patent is used for rock salt mining.The 3rd, 402, No. 967 patents of Ai Demenzi people such as (Edmunds) have disclosed a kind of apparatus, and its running is similar to the patent of Da Musi etc.

The 3rd, 547, No. 191 United States Patent (USP)s of Ma Luote have disclosed a kind of equipment, and it is transferred in the well, discharge highly pressurised liquid by nozzle unit 26,27.The discharge liquid of nozzle unit passes through the preformed perforate 35 from well casing.

The 3rd, 318, No. 395 United States Patent (USP)s of Metz silent (Messmer) have disclosed a kind of instrument comprising a solid-rocket propellant 34, and this instrument is transferred on the position of a requirement in the well.Rocket fuel is lighted, and the waste gas that discharges by nozzle unit 36 penetrates well casing and well casing concrete on every side.Contain abrasive grains in the exhaust of rocket (fuel), this abrasive grains helps shear action, and plays the effect of cut-in groove in the rock stratum on every side, makes rock breakdown, is expected to improve output.

The 4th, 050, No. 529 patents of Ta Jiluofu people such as (Tagirov) have disclosed a kind of instrument, and it is transferred in the well casing, and instrument has nozzle unit, pumps into the water under high pressure that contains abrasive material by nozzle, so that cutting penetrates well casing and rock stratum on every side.Use grinding-material to cause the permanent pollution of mine, when in well, using valve, pump and so on later on, cause the permanent wear problem of valve, pump and so on.The rock stratum absorbs abrasive material on every side, stops up the hole in the rock stratum.

This Jenner people's such as (Skinner) United States Patent (USP) has disclosed a kind of system for the 4th, 346, No. 761, and nozzle 20 wherein is housed, and this system can move vertically with cutting on well casing in well casing and connect slotted hole.Nozzle unit does not reach beyond the well casing, but the high-pressure jet of nozzle ejection obviously produces certain dissection to rock stratum on every side.

The patent that other disclose with high-pressure nozzle cutting well casing comprises the 3rd, 130, No. 786 of Blang people such as (Brown), the 3rd, 145, No. 776 an of spy graceful (Pitman), the 4th, 134, No. 453 of happy husband people such as (Love) etc.Ah contract Bao Er's (Archibald) U.S. reissue patent Re29 No. 021, has disclosed a kind of subsurface excavation system that uses radial jet, rock stratum around the cutting in well bore.No. the 4th, 317,492, the United States Patent (USP) of Se Mosi (Summers) has disclosed a kind of well system of high pressure water jets flow pattern, can be used for mining operations and drillng operation, and one of them provides the nozzle of jet flow outwards to move from the shaft bottom, moves radially then.The 3rd, 873, No. 156 patents of outstanding comparable (Jacobi) have also disclosed a kind of spray pattern mining apparatus that can stretch out from the shaft bottom, in order to form a hole in salt well.Bo Yajie is husband's (Boyadjieff) No. the 4th, 365,676, United States Patent (USP) also, has disclosed a kind of mechanical drilling equipment that can radially outward move from well bore, to get out a side down hole.Also have many United States Patent (USP)s in addition, use the high-pressure nozzle device, near shaft bottom or its, cut the rock stratum, comprise United States Patent (USP) the 2nd, 018 in these patents, 285; 2,258,001; 2,271,005; 2,345,816; 2,707,616; 2,758,653; 2,796,129 and 2,838,117 equal signs.

Apparatus in the skill field is arranged earlier, because various shortcomings, neither one is obtained the success of exact level.For example, only, can not cut out a distance that truly has effect from outside injection of well casing from being placed on the apparatus of the high-pressure jet of nozzle injection in the well casing.In addition, the direction of the cutting that this apparatus is made and distance are subjected to the influence of many variable elements, comprise the character of rock stratum on every side, therefore are difficult to obtain foreseeable effect.The problem that all pass the high-pressure type jet flow apparatus of well tubular wall work, be must on the tube wall and surrounding concrete on perforate, wear a prerequisite of rock stratum on every side as cutting.In some known apparatus, can be with the perforate of nozzle stream own, and other apparatuses require to use other machine cut device.Cut the apparatus of well casing with nozzle stream, a very important disadvantages is arranged, promptly in well casing, retaining and cutting the abrasive grain that often contains in the liquid, after, abrasive components is passed through from valve or other assemblies such as pump at last, and valve, pump and so on are played disadvantageous effect.

Use machine cuts apparatus separately, its shortcoming is that expense increases greatly, promptly aspect the cost that increases equipment or all increases greatly of expense aspect that increased of use equipment cutting well casing elapsed time.This is certain, because use this apparatus requirement that cutting equipment is dropped to the shaft bottom, before using the spray pattern cutter, the cutting well casing takes out cutting equipment then earlier, lays jet apparatus again in well casing.Instrument is placed in well neutralization from well, takes out, generally need carry out the operation that not only time-consuming but also expensive drill string is mentioned and put back to.

A common drawback of all types of drills is can not cause from well casing outwards to run through the suitable distance in rock stratum at all, to reach the purpose that improves output.Therefore, the utmost point need be asked equipment can outwards penetrate soilo stucture one segment distance around the well casing effectively and exceed beyond the well casing contaminated area of well casing object-line.

Therefore main purpose of the present invention is to propose a kind of improved equipment and method that penetrates well casing periphery soil texture novelty.

Fig. 1 is a lateral view, the section of expression gas well or oil well, and the present invention is used for the ground installation and the underground equipment of borehole wall perforation;

Figure 1A is the figure that cuts open along the A-A line of Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 shows control panel, uses and do monitoring and control when the present invention uses;

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of soil, and the part of expression oil well wherein is provided with and implements ideal device of the present invention, and ideal device is inactive;

Fig. 4 is the sectional view similar to Fig. 3, but the position that viewing angle is about Fig. 3 half-twist left, shows the duty of equipment;

Fig. 5 A is the sectional view of the 5-5 line of desirable device for carrying out said upper end edge Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 B, 5C, 5D, 5E, 5F, 5G, 5H, 5I and 5J are along the sectional view of the 5-5 line of Fig. 3, represent desirable device for carrying out said respectively below filter pack shown in Figure 5, the various piece that order is downward;

Fig. 6 is analysing and observe along the 6-6 line of Fig. 5 g and 5h;

Fig. 7 is the sectional view along the 7-7 line of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the desirable partial, exploded perspective view that used high-pressure hose infeeds device of implementing;

Fig. 9 is the sectional view along the 9-9 line of Fig. 5 i;

Figure 10 is the 10-10 line sectional view along Fig. 9;

Figure 11 is the 11-11 line sectional view along Fig. 9, and expression well casing puncher is finished extended position of living in after the well casing punching;

Figure 12 is the sectional view similar to Figure 11, the component locations when expression well casing punching operation begins;

Figure 13 is the decomposition diagram of punching drive unit, and this punching drive unit is used to start the well casing hole punched device of cutting one perforate in well casing;

Figure 14 is the nozzle unit decomposition diagram that is used for desirable embodiment;

Figure 15 is the phantom drawing after the assembling of Figure 14 nozzle unit;

Figure 16 is the 16-16 line sectional view along Figure 15;

Figure 17 is the 17-17 line sectional view along Figure 16;

Figure 18 A is the hydraulic/mechanical schematic diagram, before being illustrated in well casing punching operation and beginning, and the position of desirable embodiment medium power assembly;

Figure 18 B is the hydraulic means schematic diagram similar to Figure 18 A, but expression is in well tubular wall punching back part present position;

Figure 19 is the timing indicator of the desirable embodiment work cycle of expression.

At first referring to Fig. 1, be illustrated in the situation of utilizing the desirable embodiment of the present invention in the oil well 10 that well casing 12 penetrates oil storage stratum 14 downwards.Periphery at well casing has a contaminated area 16, and the drilling mud composition that is pressed in drillng operation in the petroliferous bed is wherein arranged.In addition, in the zone around being right after well casing, the concrete sheath of perfusion after drilling well is finished is arranged generally.

The present invention has the underground equipment 20 of an elongate tubular, face down from ground with a tubing string that some traditional pipeline sections are arranged 22 and to dangle, connect the stabilizer/anchor 24 that traditional structure is arranged on the nethermost pipeline section, have on this stabilizer/anchor and can select the device controlled, can outwards expand and contact the inwall of well casing 12, so that this stabilizer/anchor is anchored on a certain permanent position.The upper end of this microscler device 20 is fixed on stabilizer/anchor 24 with a short sections 26.

The upper end of tubing string 22 has one to be supported in the trochanter 28 that well repairing device (figure do not show) waits with conventional apparatus 30, and connection is with a low-pressure hose 32 and a high-pressure hose 34 that is connected to source of pressurised fluid.Flexible pipe 32 and 34 vehicles from trailer 36 forms stretch out, and the console 38 of control panel 40 is installed in the car.And trailer 36 has a motor 37, drives traditional high-low pump device, and pump is connected with flexible pipe 32 and 34, and is controlled by the control panel 40 of console.Pump is accepted the working solution of the suction line 17 that stretches out on free traditional two-stage element filters composite member 18, and filter pack 18 is accepted not filter working solution from a tank truck 19, leaches overall dimension greater than 50 microns particle.High-pressure pump is one five a piston positive-displacement pump, and the pulse output of adjustable frequency is provided.

The underground equipment 20 of this elongate tubular is formed by some interconnected tubular shell spares, is provided with various functors and device in it.Case function spare provides each functional section from top to bottom as shown in Figure 3, and a filtering function section 44, one control functional section 50, one puncher sections 52 of 48, one blowpipe sections of 46, one blowpipe oil cylinders section and a puncher oil cylinder section 54 are arranged.

Filter segment 44 has a top 44A, a pars intermedia 44B and a bottom 44C.Top 44A and bottom 44C are connected with pars intermedia 44B with screw thread, very clearly are illustrated among Fig. 5 A.Cylindrical filter 56 is installed on the stop sleeve 58 among the 44A of top, leach from other equipment in drill string and filter pack 18 downstreams and in the working fluid that enters greater than 100 microns particle.A protection screen 60 covers in the upper end of filtration members 56, and this filtration members has the parallel strut spare 61 of bottom spacing, utilizes conventional brace 62 to be clamped on the stop sleeve 58.The working fluid of equipment generally is diesel oil or seawater.Under any circumstance, with pump working fluid is sent downwards through tubing string, enter filter segment by enterprising oral pore 64, working fluid from inlet hole to dirty, then, upwards also inwardly enter in the stop sleeve 58 by cylinder filtration members 56, tap 64 is discharged downwards under passing through again, enters control head capsule 46 again.

The lower end of shell bottom 44C is with tubular joint 66(Fig. 5 B that is threaded), tubular joint 66 has thicker inwall 68, and there is small-bore circular hole part 70 lower end, and threaded large aperture, upper end center hole part 72 is arranged, and more wide-aperture circular hole 74 is then arranged on it.Have a screw shell 76 be screwed in screwed hole 72 ' screw thread in, have a high-pressure conduit 78 from sleeve 76, to pass through.Sealing device 80 and 82 guarantees that any liquid that passes through can flow through from the internal channel 79 of high-pressure conduit 78 from wall 68.

The lower end of high-pressure conduit 78 is screwed in screw thread in the cross wall 84 of the 5th tubular shell section 86, and the upper end of shell section 86 is screwed in the lower end of tubular joint 66 with screw thread.Have an one way valve 110 be installed in cross wall 84 below, this valve is connected with the upper end of discharge line 108, pipeline 108 has current-limiting apparatus 109, and passes through from the behind of accumulator 106, oil cylinder 98 etc., and its lower end is connected (Fig. 5 E and 18A) with rotary control valve 150.Second high-pressure conduit 90 is connected with installed part 91 in being located at cross wall 84, connects with first high-pressure conduit 78.The lower end of second high-pressure conduit 90 and T shape part 92(Fig. 5 C) be connected, there is the 3rd and the 4th high-voltage tube 94 and 96 to stretch out from T shape part 92.

Pipeline 94 is connected with the lower end of a drift starting element or valve driving oil cylinder 98, the lower end of the 4th pressure duct 96 and the 2nd T shape part 100(Fig. 5 D) be connected.The upper end of oil cylinder 98 or lid end are connected with the 3rd T shape part 102 by pipeline 99, the 3rd T shape part is connected by the lower end of pipeline 104 and conventional low accumulator 106 again, accumulator 106 has one to go up gas-pressurized chamber and a lower oil cavitie, and is middle with floating piston 105(Figure 18 A) separate.Place an installed part 107 on the upper end of low pressure accumulator 106, make this accumulator on the well surface at piston 105(Figure 18 A) epicoele of top can be pressurized to and make the well surface that 1,000 pound/square inch desirable setting pressure be arranged.Cavity of resorption is pressurized to and exceeds 1,500 pound/square inch then, and piston 105 is mediated in accumulator, the pressure balance of the pressure of nitrogen and oil.And the 3rd T shape part 102 is connected with a metering valve 114 by pipeline 112, before transferring to composite member in the well, with this metering valve the working fluid of fuel diesel is at first charged pipeline 104 and 112 and the upper end of oil cylinder 98.

Valve driving oil cylinder 98 is touched a straight line/rotary transducer 116, and converter 116 makes it to arrive on the position in two positions that may arrive again in order to touch a traditional rotary valve 118.Rotary valve 118 has a high-pressure inlet, is connected with the 2nd T shape part 100 by pipeline 120, and this rotary valve also is connected with pipeline 185,122 and 124.One have a flow plug 109 ' with one way valve 110 ' discharge line 108 ' also link to each other, shown in Figure 18 A with valve 118.Except that being pressurized to 2000 pounds/square inch with nitrogen in its epicoele at well head, one other all be placed in the below of rotary valve 118 with low-pressure turbocharger 106 identical high pressure accumulators 126, this accumulator has pipeline 128 and its lower end to link to each other and is stretched over the 4th T shape part 130(Fig. 5 E downwards).Accumulator 126 has a piston 127, and its last air chamber and a lower oil cavitie are separated, and lower oil cavitie is pressurized to 2400 pounds/square inch, piston 127 roughly is placed on the centre position, and the increased pressure of nitrogen is arrived identical numerical value.A pipeline 132 is arranged, stretch downwards, connect the upper end that second valve drives or oil cylinder 134 is started in cutting from T shape part 130.For adapting to different oil well states, the pressure in tubing string or the accumulator can be regulated arbitrarily or set.

Valve driving oil cylinder 134 has the piston 136 of a band piston rod 138, and roller 140 is installed on the outer end of bar, and this roller can contact and embed in the slotted eye 142 in the follower 144 with straight-line guidance surface 141.Limit rod 38 is around its axle rotation because roller 140 and guide surface 141 actings in conjunction are arranged piston rod 138, then the axially reciprocating of bar 138, because element 144 and 142 s' reaction force makes follower 144 rotations.Because follower 144 is fixed on the upper end of second rotary valve, 150 rotary spools 148, the start of piston 136 just can rotate to spool on the selected position in two positions that may reach, the liquid stream that control is passed through from valve.Should also be noted that the first valve driving oil cylinder 98 and the first relevant rotary valve 118 thereof, textural identical, as indicated above with oil cylinder and valve gear 134,150 etc.

Pressure piping 160 is from the 2nd T shape part 100(Fig. 5 D) to stretch downwards, its lower end is connected with one the 5th T shape part 162, and T shape part 162 is shown in Fig. 5 E.Pipeline 164 is stretched downwards from the 5th T shape part 162, connects the lower end of the second valve driving oil cylinder 134.Pressure piping 166 is stretched downwards from the 5th T shape part 162, connects an inlet hole of the second rotation valve member 150.Pipeline 170 and 172 with the pipeline 174 identical valves 150 that also are connected.

The lower end of the 5th tubular shell section 86 is connected with the upper end of screw thread and the 6th tubular shell section 176, shown in Fig. 5 F.An interior cross wall 178 is set in the upper end of the 6th tubular shell section 176, an installed part 180 is arranged, the lower end of the pipeline 122 of cross wall 178 tops in connecting, this installed part also connects the upper end of high-pressure hose 182.The in addition end of high-pressure hose 182, connecting duct 184, the lower end of conduit 184 is with a movable cam 256(Figure 13) base portion 257 be connected.

Pipeline 170 and 172 is stretched downwards also from rotary valve 150 and is connected with the installed part that passes interior cross wall 178.The lower end of the 6th tubular shell section 176 uses the upper end of screw thread and the 7th tubular shell section 186 to link to each other, and a nozzle driving oil cylinder 188 is installed in the tubular shell section 186.The lower end of tubular shell section 186 is connected with the upper end of the 8th tubular shell section 189.Flexible pipe telescopic drive oil cylinder 188 is installed in the shell section 186, and an oil cylinder cover 190 is arranged, and the lower end of pipeline 172 is connected this above oil cylinder cover, so that connect pore 191, shown in Fig. 5 F.Pipeline 170 connects the tailpiece of the piston rod of oil cylinder 188, shown in Fig. 5 G.A piston 192 is installed on the piston rod 194, and piston rod 194 has an axial passage 196, connects whole length of piston 192, can clearly see among Fig. 5 F.Can see that axial passage 196 its lower ends of bar 194 link to each other with passage 204 in the contiguous block 202.Conduit 184 faces down behind oil cylinder 188 and stretches.

Article one, comprise that the flexible spirality stainless (steel) wire epitheca 208 of one deck and the composite material nozzle flexible pipe 206 with pipe 209 in the high-pressure plastic of Kevlar (the trade mark KEVLAR of E.I. E.I.Du Pont Company) manufacturing are installed on the pivoted shoe 200, carry reciprocal activity by rest pad 200.End in addition or the outer end that should be able to see flexible pipe 206 provide supporting for nozzle unit 210, as shown in figure 16.Under any circumstance pivoted shoe 200 is placed on the grappling 212(Fig. 8 that is installed in a grooved hole) in the metal catheter 216 of grooved hole, groove 214 that anchorage block 212 usefulness are machined to and so on and the 11 tubular shell section 186 fixedly mount.The upper end of the grooved hole metal guide pipe of stretching downwards 216 is installed in the anchorage block 212, and the whole length extending of a vertical slotted eye 218 along this guide pipe are arranged, slotted eye 218 has enough width, and is included and along this slotted eye length direction activity for the neck 201 of pivoted shoe 200.Slotted eye 218 has enough length, makes the operating range of pivoted shoe 200 equal the stroke of piston rod 194.

The upper end closure in the hole 220 in the moving rest pad 200 in back, its lower end is connected with high-pressure hose spare 206, and connects by some connecting holes 230 and hole 204, shown in Fig. 5 G.The cutting liquid of nozzle 210 is by axial hole 196, hole 204, and carry in outer hole 230 and 220, and purpose will have more hereinafter and go through.The lower end of guide pipe 216 ends on the cross wall 232 that is located at the 8th tubular shell section 234 upper ends, and flexible pipe 206 passes the hole 236 from wall 232.Should be able to see that first and second guide pipe locating piece 222 and 224 is fixed on the inwall of the 7th tubular shell section 186, in order to the lower end of guide pipe 216 is supported on the permanent position with respect to shell.The lower end of the 7th tubular shell section 186 that is threaded is used in the upper end of the 8th tubular shell section 234.The lower end of the 8th tubular shell section 234 links to each other with the 9th tubular shell section 244 with screw thread.

Second guide pipe 238 236 is stretched downwards from the hole, connects the 3rd guide pipe 242 with connector 240, can clearly see among Fig. 5 H.Nozzle flexible pipe 206 is passed down through guide pipe 238 and 242, and is axially movable within it.

Positioning disk 252(Figure 13 is passed in the lower end of the 3rd guide pipe 242) a hole 250, positioning disk 252 usefulness machine screws 254 are fixed on the upper end of drift driving cam 256, this cam has base portion 257 and one longitudinally extending pipe fitting on center line to hold slotted eye 258, and 242 of guide pipes are placed in the slotted eye.The lower end of guide pipe 242 connects the cam-follower base portion 258 of drift spare 260, and an internal thread minor axis 262 and a detachable outer point 264 are arranged in the drift spare 260.

Be provided with first and second drift in the common plane on drift driving cam 256 and push away and stretch plane cam surface 268 and 270, this surface 268 and 270 contacts with the flat follower surface 272 and 274 of well casing hole punched device base portion 258 respectively.In addition, also be provided with second pair of drift and push away and stretch driving cam surface 280 and 282 on drift driving cam 256, this surface 280 and 282 is done to drive with the corresponding coupling plane surface 284 and 286 of cam punch device 260 base portions 258 and is contacted.So drift driving cam 256 moves up, be used for punch device 258,262,264 to extrapolating to carry out punch operation.On the contrary, at Figure 10, can clearly see that the downward activity of cam 256 is worked so that drift spare retreats the dovetail cam face 290,292 of cam 256 and the plane surface 293,294 1 that adjoins of cam punch device 260 base portions 258 in 11 and 12.

Moving up of drift driving cam 256 is to realize that by the action of piston rod 300 piston rod 300 has a connector 302 that is fixed on the base portion 257 of drift driving cam 256 with machine screw 304.The lower end of bar 300 connects the piston 306 in the oil cylinder spare 308, and there is a cylinder cap 310 the oil cylinder upper end with threads engage.And, cover 310 upper ends and also have a screw shell, use the lower end of screw thread and the tenth tubular shell section 246 to be connected, shell section 246 upper ends also are connected with the lower end of screw thread and the 9th tubular shell section 244.Cylinder cap 312 usefulness are fixed on the protection point part 314 that covers on 312 the lower end and form the lower end scope of tool piece 20 lower end of oil cylinder 308 are closed.

Axial hole 316 along the length extending of bar 300 and and the lid termination of oil cylinder 308 lead to, shown in Fig. 5 J.In addition, bar 300 has one second hole 318, and the annular chamber 320 on its lower end and the cylinder cap 310 is connected, and can clearly see among Fig. 5 J.Hole 316 links to each other with conduit 185.Above-mentioned connection realizes (see figure 9) by the hole in the connector 257 320,322 and 324.Similarly, hole 318 is connected with conduit 184 by hole 330,332 and 334.

Well casing punch device 260 is placed in the pilot sleeve 340 that is installed in the tubular shell section 246, upwards stretches out in the footpath of tubular shell section 246.In addition, have a thick reinforcement cylindrical portions may 342 axially to be installed in the tubular shell section 246 with fit system, pilot sleeve 340 then passes this thick reinforcement cylindrical portions may 342, in Fig. 5 I.And, it should be noted that a backing plate 350 is welded on the external surface of the tenth tubular shell section 246, its position and drift spare 260 are at opposite side radially.Thereby in the punching operation, outwards impact the reaction force that well casing causes with backing plate 350 absorptions and dispersion drift spare.

Drift spare 260 has an axial hose passages 353(Figure 13), this passage passes through from shell section 262 and 264, and flexible pipe spare 206 can be advanced and retreat in this passage.And the every side at drift ingredient 262,264 is provided with groove 354, makes the backflow of smear metal enter well casing.The position of the outer end of detachable outwash point 264 is limited by first plane surface 256 and second plane surface 258, this two surface by the axis of drift stretch out along and the pipeline 260 that passes through stops.There is a curved channel 362 that the lower end of flexible pipe putting hole 353 with the 3rd guide pipe 242 is connected, for flexible pipe spare 206 provides smooth suitable guide groove.This structure can make dashes point 264 when being subjected to sizable side force, can not step back fully after the punching operation and take place when effect on the instrument has upwards power like that as dashing point, allows to cut off from element 262 and dashes sharp 264.

Nozzle unit 210 has a nozzle frame 372, and this nozzle frame has an axial hole 374 to stretch out from an intermediate cavity 376, and has one to immerse oneself in dish-shaped diffusing surface 378 outward.Have a turnbarrel 308 to be installed on nozzle frame 372 external surfaces and rotate, and some inclination nozzles 382 are arranged, the inner cannelure 384 that connects is respectively arranged, cannelure 384 utilizes the radial passage 386 in the nozzle frame 372 to connect intermediate cavity 376.Locating clip 388 location that turnbarrel 380 usefulness and its outer end are connected.What also should see is: the outer end of inclination nozzle 382 ends in the annulus dish spreading grooves 390 on turnbarrel 380 external surfaces.Inside 392 of nozzle frame 372 with have interior plastics to be connected with outer metal hose sheath spare 208, thereby the high-pressure fluid that flows out from the inside must enter intermediate cavity 376 by passage 394.The connection that positioner 396 keeps between flexible pipe ingredient and the nozzle body member.

Now to one completely operation cycle be described herein, can understand the first punching that this operation cycle both can be used for new well, can be used for old well reparation again.Working programme in two kinds of runnings is basic identical.During beginning tubing string and all underground equipments from well, propose, completion mud is irritated in the well, determine to keep full bottom pressure in the down-hole.

Low pressure accumulator 106 and high pressure accumulator 126 are pressurized to 1,000 pound/square inch and 2000 pounds/square inch respectively, for equipment 20 is transferred preparation in the well.It with pressure 1500 pounds/square inch working fluid pours into accumulator 106 lower ends and the related elements 104,102 and first driving oil cylinder 98 by valve 114 upper end.Similarly, be that 2400 pounds/square inch working fluid pours into the lower end of high pressure accumulator 126 and the upper end of oil cylinder 134 with pressure.By desirable whole liquid roads, valve, oil cylinder etc. are all filled so that as much as possible prevent bubble, can be adopted the traditional operation method for this reason.

Utilize tubing string 22 that microscler underground equipment 20 is transferred in the well then.When well head increases the segmentation of tubing string 22, use low-pressure hose connector 32 to this tubing string fluid injection.After equipment 20 meets the requirements of the degree of depth, add hydraulic pressure by tubing string 22, actuate traditional fluid power and stablize anchoring device 24 work, this pressure makes wedging block 25 outwards move and contact the inwall of well casing 12, makes effectively locking on the permanent position of instrument in well casing.Also can use traditional mechanical actuation anchoring device.

Then high-pressure hose 34 is connected with trochanter 28,, makes it to be increased to 4000 pounds/square inch, kept this pressure about five minutes, determine that system has or not leakage so tubing string is exerted pressure at well head.As do not measure leakage, just, can think that system can begin to do punch operation with pressure releasing.In this stage of circulation, this position component shown in Figure 18 A, in Figure 19 in situation that T1 reflected.Particularly, piston 306 below on the position that retreats, punch-head assembly 258,262,264 is on the position that drift retreats.Blowpipe flexible pipe expansion link 194 retreats on (top) position at it, and contracing in the nozzle 210 is enclosed in the axial hole 353 that passes punch-head assembly 262,264 fully.When time T 2, the plu table surface pressure begins to increase, and reaches 5000 pounds/square inch, and the pressure that causes owing to frictional dissipation in the pipe when adding T3 falls.This pressure is fed high-pressure conduit 90, make the interior pressure of tailpiece of the piston rod of the first valve driving oil cylinder 98 bring up to the nitrogen pressure that is enough to resist 106 li of accumulators, thereby make the piston in the oil cylinder 98 in time T 4, reach the going-back position shown in Figure 18 B from the extended position shown in Figure 18 A.

The above-mentioned activity of piston in oil cylinder 98 moves on the position that Figure 18 B shows valve 118, thereby makes high pressure be applied to the lid end of oil cylinder 308, so that trigger moving up of piston 306, connecting rod 300 and drift driving cam 256.So punch device 258,262,264 beginnings are moved to well tubular wall; But, since the liquid of discharging from the tailpiece of the piston rod of oil cylinder 308 be subjected to current-limiting apparatus 109 ' restriction, thereby the translational speed of punch device is controlled.Piston 306 arrives the extended position of Figure 18 B from the going-back position of Figure 18 A, need 1.5 minutes (time T 4 is to T5) approximately, during this period, drift element 264 grades will be from the position that retreats fully, the centre position that contacts with well casing 12 through Figure 12 this drift element, as shown in figure 11 complete extended position when reaching time T 4.Should observe owing to there is notch 354 that the punching operation is produced to palintrope and stretch out the outside of well casing but the tab body 400,402 that keeps being connected with well casing.Like this, be removed and form the well casing part of eyelet, keep linking to each other and do not have the running of possibility interference nozzle, or the punching operation does not disturb oil to flow into from the rock stratum after finishing yet with well casing from well casing.The piston rod 194 of oil cylinder 188, move in its position process of stretching out at drift, because the operating pressure strength deficiency in the high-pressure conduit 90 is so that the air pressure in the oil pressure opposing high pressure accumulator 126 of oil cylinder 134 lid ends, so rest on the going-back position shown in Figure 18 A, valve 150 then rests on the position shown in Figure 18 A.

After the drift element reaches on the position of stretching out fully, make system under 5000 pounds of/square inch pressure, continue to keep 1.5 minutes, make system's complete stability.After stabilization sub stage finished, system just can begin to do the running of nozzle unit 210 etc., carried out penetrating of rock stratum on every side.

The rock stratum penetrates operation when T6, tentatively the pressure in the conduit 90 is brought up to equal 7500 pounds of/square inch stress levels, adds the pressure loss in tubing string and the underground equipment.When T7, reach higher pressure.Increased pressure is to the not influence of position of valve 118, and this valve rests on the position shown in Figure 18 B.Yet this high pressure is enough to resist the air pressure in the high pressure accumulator 126 and the piston of oil cylinder 134 is moved to its position that retreats (reaching this position when the T8) from overhanging position.So valve 150 moves to the position shown in Figure 18 B when T8, make highly pressurised liquid flow to the head side of oil cylinder 188 by pipeline 172, so getting started from going-back position, oil cylinder 188 moves to extended position.The translational speed of oil cylinder 188 is subjected to the control of the current-limiting apparatus 109 in the discharge line 108.

When time T 7 to the Gai Duanzhong of oil cylinder 188 fluid that adds high pressure, except that making piston and piston rod group 192,194 begin downward and stretching out, thereby also make high-pressure fluid flow into the nozzle unit 210 of actuating in the flexible pipe spares 209 on the flexible pipe spare outer end by passage 191,196,204,230 and 220.Rock stratum around the high-pressure jet of nozzle unit 210 is cut and worn, the smear metal of being washed away enters well casing by the notch 354 that is arranged on punch-head assembly 262, the 264 relative both sides.The control high-pressure pump makes it to provide the pressure pulse of per minute 200 times, leaves the end member 264 of drift spare up to nozzle, and at this moment frequency is brought up to per minute 500 pulses.The speed that nozzle outwards stretches into rock stratum on every side is by current-limiting apparatus 171 controls of 170 li of the discharge lines of oil cylinder 188.Hose arrangement 209 and nozzle unit 210 reach the position of stretching out fully shown in Figure 4 in time T 9 at last.So in rock stratum 14, be cut into a hole 500.Because the dissection of the jet flow in nozzle frame 372 axial holes 374, hole 500 to overhanging radial distance, slightly is longer than the length of stroke of piston oil-cylinder 188 from well casing.It is further to be understood that and can make oil cylinder 188 quite longly, make it from the degree of depth that well casing outwards penetrates can reach 15 feet or more than.

In a predetermined time interval that is enough to guarantee blowpipe nozzle unit full extension, system is remained on higher stress level.The time interval when time T 10, begins the pressure in the conduit 90 is fallen to subzero after ending, and when T11, reaches zero pressure very soon, because the gas application of force in the accumulator 106 and 126 makes oil cylinder 98 and 134 reach the position of stretching out; Valve 118 and 150 returns on the position shown in Figure 18 A simultaneously.But owing to do not apply hydraulic pressure on piston 188 or 308, element 194,256,262,264,306 full cut-ofves are stayed on the position shown in Figure 18 B, therefore are in the state that stretches out shown in the figure entirely.

Retreating of blowpipe is by the increased pressure to 4000 of 90 li in conduit pound/square inch being achieved when the time T 12.The pressure of 90 li 4000 in conduit pound/square inch then leads to the rod end of oil cylinder 308 by valve 118 and conduit 122,182,184,334,332,330 and 318, so that trigger the setback of piston 306 and relevant shower nozzle driving cam 256.Astern speed is controlled by a kind of tangible mode by current limiter 319, and oil cylinder 308 just reaches the state that retreats fully when T13.The discharge opeing of oil cylinder 308 lid end is discharged by check (non-return) valve 110, throws aside in the housing of equipment 20; Ooze out hole (figure does not show) yet on housing, be provided with, make discharge liquid flow into well casing in due course.When T2, oil cylinder 188 goes back and oil cylinder 308 is actuated simultaneously, retreats to trigger this oil cylinder and nozzle hose arrangement 209,210 etc. because the pressure in the conduit 90 leads to the rod end of oil cylinder 188 by conduit 170.After finishing when this circulates in T13, punch-head assembly 262,264 just falls back on the home position in well casing fully, and flexible pipe spare 206 retreats fully, makes nozzle 210 be fully enclosed in the drift spare.Pressure when T14 in the conduit 90 drops to zero, just makes equipment be in the state that can dismantle or relocate from well in well.

The stabilize anchor device 24 of can loosening then can move on on the another location in the well casing underground equipment 20, so that rock stratum is on every side penetrated next time.The activity of instrument can be that simple rotation or is elevated to the different degree of depth with the set of tools and does next and penetrate operation to the another location in the same degree of depth in well casing.Fig. 4 illustrate the second hole 500A that is deeper than hole 500 with one on intermediate altitude but angle three the give a farfetched interpretation hole 500B different with hole 500 and 500A.Through after the penetrating of desired number of times, the set of tools is taken out from well casing, cooperate well playback flow string and relevant pump etc., draw oily stream from rock stratum 14 on every side.

Thus, can see it can being outwards effectively to give a farfetched interpretation in the rock stratum around the present invention, the degree of depth that reaches and the degree of accuracy that obtains then far surpass the equipment of giving a farfetched interpretation in the prior art with turning round.And the extreme reliable and fault-free of apparatus is because all operation only relies on the pressure that well head changes the working fluid that is applied to well casing and controls.Do not need complicated downhole sensor, control device or other sensing annexes.

Though it is to be understood that and disclosed desirable embodiment of the present invention in this article, can find out many modification undoubtedly those skilled in the art, so the spirit and scope of the present invention, attached claims after should only being limited to.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of borehole wall perforation device that is used to have the mine of well casing, this perforation device comprises:

(a) an elongate tubular housing has top and bottom, and this upper end can be connected with the workover rig of installing on the ground, this housing axially movable size and dimension in well casing that suits,

It is characterized in that also comprising for this perforation device:

(b) drift spare that can outwards move, this drift spare has the inner and outer end, and this outer end has one can cut a hole the well casing cutter sweep in a hole on well casing when being subjected to brute force to push this well casing to;

(c) support this drift spare and being used to guide this drift spare with respect to this elongate tubular housing movable guiding device between the two positions that retreats and stretch out, this outer end of this drift spare is in this elongate tubular shell scope substantially when going-back position, and this outer end of this drift spare reaches the outside of this housing when stretching out;

(d) this elongate tubular shell and this drift spare have and can place this punch device and move within it and make this outer end of this punch device reach the external surface size and dimension in addition of this well casing when this drift spare is on the extended position when this punch device is on the position that retreats in a well casing;

(e) in order to promote drift spare its retreat and the position of stretching out between the power start drift drive unit that moves;

(f) high pressure liquid jet flow generator, movable and pressurized working fluid that nozzle unit that install connects is wherein arranged between one and going-back position in this drift spare and the extended position for the source, this nozzle unit is in this drift spare in the time of on going-back position, and this nozzle unit is in the outside of this drift spare on extended position the time, high-pressure jet is sprayed onto beyond the outer end of this drift spare with cutting and the soil texture around removing.

2, the perforation device described in claim 1, it is characterized by this drift spare has an interior nozzle guide channel that stretches in this drift spare, and this jet flow is supplied with nozzle unit and is positioned at this nozzle guide channel along this channel-active.

3, the perforation device described in claim 2, the outer end that it is characterized by this movable ram part has two to be the surface on plane substantially, and intersect along the x wire of basic and this drift spare longitudinal axis vertical stretching on this surface.

4, as the apparatus in the claim 3, it is characterized by this drift spare also has one to be conveyed into the smear metal cleaning passage of this well casing in order to the soil smear metal that produces in will the operation of this nozzle unit in addition, and this passage stretches along the external surface of this drift spare.

5, the perforation device described in claim 4 is characterized by:

(a) have in this high pressure liquid jet flow feedway in order to accept the hose arrangement of high pressure cutting fluid, its inner is connected for the source with pressurized working fluid, and the outer end is connected with this nozzle unit;

(b) in order to this hose arrangement is axially moved by this drift spare so that this nozzle unit outwards is moved beyond this drift spare enters the surrounding soil structure or this nozzle unit is fallen back on the locational flexible pipe driving power device that this drift spare surrounds.

6, a kind of to well casing and around the stratum method of punchinging, comprising following steps:

(a) low pressure accumulator (106) and high pressure accumulator (126) are poured into hydraulic fluid with different pressures respectively, so that discharge the bubble in the hydraulic fluid in its its associated components that neutralizes; By tubing string (22) drift spare is transferred in the well, and be placed on desired depth and need the stratum of perforation to align; After this drift spare reaches the desired position, low-voltage tube (32) is connected on the tubing string (22), stablize anchoring device (24) with actuating fluid power, make that should stablize anchoring device (24) is locked on the interior permanent position of well casing effectively by the fluid pressure of tubing string (22); Utilize trochanter (28) that high-voltage tube (34) is connected on this tubing string (22), well head pressure is increased to 4000 pounds/square inch, and this pressure was kept about 5 minutes,, reduce this pressure then not sew phenomenon in the assurance system; It is characterized by this method also comprises the steps:

(b) supply with the working fluid of first stress level to a hydraulic control circuit, thereby force punch device (258,262,264) outwards to move through well casing and reach extended position, so that at the well casing eyelet of giving a farfetched interpretation;

(c) supply with the hydraulic fluid of second stress level to this hydraulic control circuit, thereby a nozzle unit is moved through this eyelet on this well casing along the guiding device that is arranged within this drift element, supply with high-pressure jet with the rock stratum around the cutting from this nozzle unit simultaneously, and keep this punch device passing on the extended position of this eyelet, and the cutting action that this nozzle unit outwards moves is by realizing along outside the moving of guiding device that is arranged within this drift element at the hose arrangement that this nozzle unit is installed on its outer end.

7,, it is characterized by this method and comprise the steps: in addition in the method described in the claim 6

(d) supplying with one the 3rd stress level to this hydraulic control circuit, and after supplying with the working fluid of one the 4th stress level again, reaction thereupon returns to this punch device and this nozzle unit in this well casing.

8, the method described in claim 7, it is characterized by this each stress level is to obtain by controlling its output of exporting the pump that is connected with this hydraulic circuit.

9, the method described in claim 8, it is characterized by this stress level from minimum to the highest, be followed successively by: the 3rd stress level, the 4th stress level, this first stress level and this second stress level.

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