CN101372434A - Water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer with polyethylene film as basecoat and preparation technique thereof - Google Patents
Water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer with polyethylene film as basecoat and preparation technique thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101372434A CN101372434A CNA2008101400773A CN200810140077A CN101372434A CN 101372434 A CN101372434 A CN 101372434A CN A2008101400773 A CNA2008101400773 A CN A2008101400773A CN 200810140077 A CN200810140077 A CN 200810140077A CN 101372434 A CN101372434 A CN 101372434A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-soluble resin coated controlled-release fertilizer which takes a polyethylene film as a base coat and a production process thereof. The fertilizer is composed of granular fertilizer cores, a polyethylene film layer and a water-soluble resin film layer, and the release period of nutrients is 1-12 months. The water-soluble resin controlled-release coated fertilizer is prepared by the following processes: (1) a coating solution is prepared and sprayed on fluidized fertilizer granules to form a film layer by the warm effect of hot air; (2) in a rotating rotary drum fluidized bed, the prepared water-soluble resin solution is evenly sprayed on the moving fertilizer granules, and the water-soluble resin forms coating on the surfaces of the fertilizer granules. The product solves the defect of poor nutrient controlled-release property of the water-soluble resin coating, and lowers the production cost, is highly suitable for the trends of international and domestic fertilizer development and environmental protection at present, and has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the release and release control fertilizer production field, being specifically related to a kind of is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer and the production technique of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
Background technology
China's chemical fertilizer consumption amount accounts for the 20-30% of world Fertilizer total quantity consumed, ranks first in the world, and the chemical fertilizer this season utilization ratio average out to 50-60% of developed country, China's chemical fertilizer this season utilization ratio on average only is 30-35%.The loss waste of macronutrient not only brings enormous economic loss to society, but also can cause serious environmental to pollute.At present, along with the continuous increase of fertilizer amount, devote exclusive attention to output and lay equal stress on both quality and quantity at agricultural-food, and the requirement of eco-friendly multiple target down, the modification problem of fertilizer just seems even more important.Exploitation slowly-releasing, release and release control fertilizer improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, are simple measures, are particularly suitable for the national conditions of China.China's chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is lower than one of reason of developed country, is difficult to prove effective in China in the series that developed country the taked technology that applies fertilizers scientifically exactly.China peasant's level of education is low, and peasant household's land area is small and scattered, the planting system complexity, and mechanization degree is low, and the farmingization service system is difficult to set up and put in place, and rational application of fertilizers and other technical measures are difficult to the service that the peasant provides convenience; In addition, in the developed area, be unwilling the time and efforts that in agronomy operation such as topdress, costs a lot of money of peasant.Therefore, be badly in need of a kind ofly collecting rational application of fertilizers, controlled-release technology is the materialization fertilizer product of one.The appearance of novel controlled release compound manure can not only improve utilization rate of fertilizer, guarantees grain security, reduces environmental pollution, has also satisfied peasant's actual demand.
The research of release and release control fertilizer and use the earliest be the U.S..The research and development that 1961 with sulphur was coated fertilizer indicates fertile research of controlled release and the beginning of using, and other country also begins to launch this research on the one hand subsequently.The Japan and the U.S. are being in rank first aspect the research of release and release control fertilizer at present.Enhancing along with people's Environmental awareness, sustained-controll-release fertiliser is classified as by National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-the year two thousand twenty) and is first developed theme, about the research report and the patent application of controlled release fertilizer day by day increases, release and release control fertilizer becomes the focus of research once again.
Film-coated controlled release fertilizer is to be core with the granular chemical fertilizer; the top layer applies the inorganic substance or the organic polymer of one deck low water solubility or microsolubility; change the stripping property of chemical fertilizer nutrient, prolongation or control fertilizer nutrient discharge, and make the supply of soil nutrient and the new-type fertilizer formulation that crop needs fertile requirement to coordinate.The kind of film-coated controlled release fertilizer, divide from coated fertilizer, can be divided into inorganics coated fertilizer and organic polymer coated fertilizer, the former majority is with mineral manure that contains certain nutrient or soil conditioner and so on material, and the latter includes organic synthesis thing of organic polymer, low water solubility or insoluble etc. as coated fertilizer.From the nutritive element kind of film-coated controlled release fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium macroelement and some trace elements at the row of research, still, mainly are based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium coating chemical fertilizer at present all.Because the production cost of release and release control fertilizer is higher, generally be applied on economic worths such as lawn, the flowers high plant or crop both at home and abroad, along with the reduction of controlled-release fertilizer production cost and the increase of output, the application of controlled release fertilizer on all kinds of crops is the inexorable trend of chemical fertilizer development.
Water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer meets people to environmental protection requirement, but its fancy price has restricted its development and application, in addition, the easy water absorption and swelling of water soluble resin, therefore determined that complete water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer controlled release properties is relatively poor, the controlled release phase is of short duration, can not satisfy the crop whole growth phase to nutrient demand; And the recovery thermoplastic polyethylene is cheap, and the nutrient controlled release properties is good, therefore the two is combined, and reaches the unification of product performance and value, and for improving utilization rate of fertilizer, high yield increases income, and accelerates applying of controlled release fertilizer and has active operation significance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer product of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
Another object of the present invention provides with the polyethylene film production technique of the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer product that is undercoat.
Of the present invention is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, be to be that granulated fertilizer nuclear core, polyethylene film layer and the water soluble resin rete of 1.0-5.0mm constitutes by particle size range, fertilizer releasing period is 1-12 month, by following prepared:
(1) polyvinyl resin and coating amendment are dissolved in the organic solvent, under 110-120 ℃, be prepared into coating solution, wherein polyvinyl resin occupies the 1-8% of machine solvent quality, coating amendment consumption is the 0.1-1.5% of organic solvent quality, in encapsulation tool, utilize setting off by contrast of 80-110 ℃ of hot gas, the coating solution spraying to fluidizing fertiliser granulates surface, after the solvent evaporates, is formed rete dry, smooth densification on the fertiliser granulates surface;
(2) step (1) gained fertiliser granulates is joined in the fluidized-bed, feed 50-70 ℃ warm air, in the fluidized-bed that rotates, with mass concentration is that the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 10-15% evenly sprays on the fertiliser granulates, water vapour is taken away by the warm air volatilization, form coating on the fertiliser granulates surface, making with the polyethylene film is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat.
Aforementioned is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, in preferred production technique scheme: the temperature of described step (1) preparation coating solution is 115-120 ℃, the polyvinyl resin consumption is the 2-7% of organic solvent quality, coating amendment consumption is the 0.3-1.5% of organic solvent quality, and hot gas temperature is 85-105 ℃ when spraying coating solution in encapsulation tool.In more preferred scheme, the polyvinyl resin consumption is the 3-5% of organic solvent quality during described step (1) preparation coating solution, and coating amendment consumption is 1.5% of an organic solvent quality.
Aforementioned is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, and in preferred production technique scheme: the described hot gas of step (1) is a nitrogen.
Aforementioned is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, and in preferred production technique scheme: described organic solvent is the mixture of dimethylbenzene and methylene dichloride, the mass ratio of dimethylbenzene and methylene dichloride≤1.5.In another preferred scheme, described organic solvent is the mixture of turps and methylene dichloride, the mass ratio of turps and methylene dichloride≤1.
Aforementioned is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, and the described coating amendment of step (1) is this area conventional products, in preferred production technique scheme: be preferably paraffin, rubber powder, bone meal, grain flour or mineral powder.In more preferred scheme, described grain flour is selected from wheat-flour, rice powder, Semen Maydis powder or sweet potato powder.Described mineral powder is selected from zeolite powder, diatomite, light calcium carbonate or talcum powder.
The present invention is the production technique of the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film,
(1) polyvinyl resin and coating amendment are dissolved in the organic solvent, under 110-120 ℃, be prepared into coating solution, wherein polyvinyl resin occupies the 1-8% of machine solvent quality, coating amendment consumption is the 0.1-1.5% of organic solvent quality, in encapsulation tool, utilize setting off by contrast of 80-110 ℃ of hot gas, the coating solution spraying to fluidizing fertiliser granulates surface, after the solvent evaporates, is formed rete dry, smooth densification on the fertiliser granulates surface;
(2) step (1) gained fertiliser granulates is joined in the fluidized-bed, feed 50-70 ℃ warm air, in the fluidized-bed that rotates, with mass concentration is that the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 10-15% evenly sprays on the fertiliser granulates, water vapour is taken away by the warm air volatilization, form coating on the fertiliser granulates surface, making with the polyethylene film is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat.
In the aforementioned approaches case, the described encapsulation tool of step (1) can be selected the conventional prilling granulator in this area, preferred fluidized-bed, coating tower etc.
The unusual effect of product of the present invention is: use and reclaim polyvinyl resin production controlled release fertilizer, domestic and international this raw material quantity is very big at present, as various films, green house of vegetables film particularly, be suitable for industrialization production, the product of gained not only cost is low, and the quality of nutrient controlled release and effect are splendid, utilize the recovery waste or used plastics can reduce serious day by day white pollution at present simultaneously, in addition owing in coated fertilizer, added the rubber powder that to induce its rapid ageing and degraded, amendments such as mineral powder and grain flour, being manured into soil the putamina of back coated fertilizer can rapid ageing and by soil microbial degradation, unlikely residual in the soil midium or long term.The water soluble resin water-permeable is stronger; easy water absorption and swelling; therefore water soluble resin film nutrient controlled release properties is relatively poor; but have eco-friendly characteristics again simultaneously, in a word, reclaim the combination of thermoplastic polyethylene and water soluble resin; not only solved the shortcoming of water-soluble resin coated nutrient controlled release properties difference; and reduced production cost, and very be fit to the trend of development of the present world and domestic fertilizer and environment protection, have and brilliant market developing prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is to be the nutrient cumulative release curve of water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer 43-0-0 in 25 ℃ of water of undercoat 3 months controlled release phases with the polyethylene film.
Fig. 2 is to be the nutrient cumulative release curve of water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer 14-14-14 in 25 ℃ of water of undercoat 10 months controlled release phases with the polyethylene film.
Embodiment
Describe the technical scheme that the present invention proposes in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but be not limited thereto.Each embodiment desired raw material is all commercial goods, this area.The implication of this specification sheets such as " 15-15-15 " is N, P, K content, indicates for this area is conventional.
Embodiment 1 controlled release 1 month be the making of the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
19kg recovery polyvinyl resin and 1kg paraffin are dissolved in 600kg dimethylbenzene and the 400kg methylene dichloride, under 110-120 ℃, be prepared into coating solution, in membrane wrapping fluidized-bed, add 1000kg urea (particle diameter 2.0-4.75mm), utilize setting off by contrast of 80-110 ℃ of hot nitrogen, the coating solution spraying to fluidizing fertiliser granulates surface, after the solvent evaporates, coated fertilizer is wrapped in the urea granules surface and forms rete dry, smooth densification, solution is finished the spraying of polyethylene coating after all spraying and finishing.The evaporable solvent recovery cycle is utilized.
The preparation mass concentration is 10% polyvinyl alcohol water solution 300kg under 90-95 ℃.The granulated fertilizer of finishing the polyethylene coating is joined in the rotary drum fluidized-bed, and to rotate rotary drum fluid-bed in the warm air of 50-70 ℃ of feeding, on the fertiliser granulates that sprays to motion that the polyvinyl alcohol water solution for preparing is all evenly obtained.Product cooling, packing warehouse-in, what make controlled release 1 month is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
Embodiment 2 controlled releases 3 months be the making of the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
10kg recovery polyvinyl resin and 1kg paraffin are dissolved in 250kg dimethylbenzene and the 750kg methylene dichloride, under 110-120 ℃, be prepared into coating solution, in the coating tower, add 500kg urea (particle diameter 2.0-4.75mm), utilize setting off by contrast of 80-110 ℃ of hot gas, to fluidizing fertiliser granulates surface, after the solvent evaporates, coated fertilizer is wrapped in the urea granules surface and forms rete dry, smooth densification the coating solution spraying, solution is finished the spraying of polyethylene coating after all spraying and finishing.The evaporable solvent recovery cycle is utilized.
The preparation mass concentration is 10% polyvinyl alcohol water solution 250kg under 90-95 ℃.The granulated fertilizer of finishing the polyethylene coating is joined in the rotary drum fluidized-bed, and to rotate rotary drum fluid-bed in the warm air of 50-70 ℃ of feeding, on the fertiliser granulates that sprays to motion that the polyvinyl alcohol water solution for preparing is all evenly obtained.Product cooling, packing warehouse-in, what make controlled release 3 months is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
Embodiment 3 controlled releases 6 months be the making of the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
30kg recovery polyvinyl resin and 3kg paraffin are dissolved in 500kg turps and the 500kg methylene dichloride, under 110-120 ℃, be prepared into coating solution, in fluidized-bed, add 1000kg diammonium phosphate (particle diameter 2.0-5.0mm), utilize setting off by contrast of 80-110 ℃ of hot gas, the coating solution spraying to fluidizing fertiliser granulates surface, after the solvent evaporates, coated fertilizer is wrapped in the urea granules surface and forms rete dry, smooth densification, solution is finished the spraying of polyethylene coating after all spraying and finishing.The evaporable solvent recovery cycle is utilized.
The preparation mass concentration is 15% polyvinyl alcohol water solution 333kg under 90-95 ℃, the granulated fertilizer of finishing the polyethylene coating is joined in the rotary drum fluidized-bed, and to rotate rotary drum fluid-bed in the warm air of 50-70 ℃ of feeding, on the fertiliser granulates that sprays to motion that the polyvinyl alcohol water solution for preparing is all evenly obtained.Product cooling, packing warehouse-in, what make controlled release 6 months is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
Embodiment 4 controlled releases 9 months be the making of the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
40kg is reclaimed polyvinyl resin, 4kg paraffin, 3kg light calcium carbonate and 3kg starch dissolution in 400kg turps and 600kg methylene dichloride, under 110-120 ℃, be prepared into coating solution, in fluidized-bed, add 1000kg composite fertilizer (15-15-15), utilize setting off by contrast of 80-110 ℃ of hot gas, the coating solution spraying to fluidizing fertiliser granulates surface, after the solvent evaporates, coated fertilizer is wrapped in the urea granules surface and forms rete dry, smooth densification, solution is finished the spraying of polyethylene coating after all spraying and finishing.The evaporable solvent recovery cycle is utilized.
The preparation mass concentration is 15% polyvinyl alcohol water solution 400kg under 90-95 ℃, the granulated fertilizer of finishing the polyethylene coating is joined in the rotary drum fluidized-bed, and to rotate rotary drum fluid-bed in the warm air of 50-70 ℃ of feeding, on the fertiliser granulates that sprays to motion that the polyvinyl alcohol water solution for preparing is all evenly obtained.Product cooling, packing warehouse-in, what make controlled release 9 months is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
Embodiment 5 controlled releases 12 months be the making of the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
65kg is reclaimed polyvinyl resin, 5kg paraffin, 8kg zeolite powder and 2kg rubber powder to be dissolved in 50kg turps and the 950kg methylene dichloride, under 110-120 ℃, be prepared into coating solution, in fluidized-bed, add 1000kg urea (particle diameter 2.0-4.75mm), utilize setting off by contrast of 80-110 ℃ of hot gas, the coating solution spraying to fluidizing fertiliser granulates surface, after the solvent evaporates, coated fertilizer is wrapped in the urea granules surface and forms rete dry, smooth densification, solution is finished the spraying of polyethylene coating after all spraying and finishing.The evaporable solvent recovery cycle is utilized.
The preparation mass concentration is 10% polyvinyl alcohol water solution 600kg under 90-95 ℃, the granulated fertilizer of finishing the polyethylene coating is joined in the rotary drum fluidized-bed, and to rotate rotary drum fluid-bed in the warm air of 50-70 ℃ of feeding, on the fertiliser granulates that sprays to motion that the polyvinyl alcohol water solution for preparing is all evenly obtained.Product cooling, packing warehouse-in, what make controlled release 12 months is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film.
The test example
This product is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, and tool is different from unique quality of like product, with test its concrete technique effect is described below:
(1) test materials and design
Test is located at Longkou, Yantai, Shandong Province, and experimental cultivar is a Jimai 20; Be treated to controlled release Bulk Blending Fertilizer (24-10-18 for examination controlled release fertilizer, controlled release nitrogen accounts for 55%), being made by the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer (43-0-0), Repone K composite fertilizer (18-18-18), Repone K (0-0-60) blending that with the polyethylene film are undercoat, is common urea (46-0-0), Repone K composite fertilizer (18-18-18), Repone K (0-0-60) for the examination common fertilizer.Common fertilizer is pressed 225kg/hm
2Pure nitrogen level fertilising (N:P
2O
5: K
2O=2.4:1:1.8), controlled release fertile 1 is identical with the common fertilizer amount of application, controlled release fertilizer 2 reduces 35% than common fertilizer amount of application, and controlled release fertilizer is once to apply at wheat cultivation previous crops base manure, and common fertilizer is used to apply fertilizer by the peasant and is accustomed to respectively base manure and imposes at wheat during jointing stage.
(2) test-results: different fertilization sees Table 1 to the influence of wheat yield.
Table 1 different fertilization effect assessment
Handle | Reduce amount of application (%) than common fertilizer | Than common fertilizer stimulation ratio (%) | Effect assessment |
|
0 | 0 | Utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and suggestion increases fertilizer application frequency or uses new-type fertilizer. |
Controlled release fertilizer 1 | 0 | 25.2 | Effect of increasing production is good, and input cost is higher, and is time saving and energy saving, can promote. |
Controlled release fertilizer 2 | 35 | 13.6 | Effect of increasing production is obvious, and less investment is time saving and energy saving, is worthy to be popularized, and recommends. |
Fig. 1-2 is to be the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer nutrient release profiles of undercoat with the polyethylene film, and thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping control-releasing fertilizer therefrom of the present invention as can be seen has good deenergized period, has well played controlled-release function.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that: it is to be that granulated fertilizer nuclear core, polyethylene film layer and the water soluble resin rete of 1.0~5.0mm constitutes by particle size range, fertilizer releasing period is 1-12 month, by following prepared:
(1) polyvinyl resin and coating amendment are dissolved in the organic solvent, under 110-120 ℃, be prepared into coating solution, wherein polyvinyl resin occupies the 1-8% of machine solvent quality, coating amendment consumption is the 0.1-1.5% of organic solvent quality, in encapsulation tool, utilize setting off by contrast of 80-110 ℃ of hot gas, the coating solution spraying to fluidizing fertiliser granulates surface, after the solvent evaporates, is formed rete dry, smooth densification on the fertiliser granulates surface;
(2) step (1) gained fertiliser granulates is joined in the fluidized-bed, feed 50-70 ℃ warm air, in the fluidized-bed that rotates, with mass concentration is that 10~15% polyvinyl alcohol water solution evenly sprays on the fertiliser granulates, water vapour is taken away by the warm air volatilization, form coating on the fertiliser granulates surface, making with the polyethylene film is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat.
2. according to claim 1 is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that: the temperature of described step (1) preparation coating solution is 115-120 ℃, the polyvinyl resin consumption is the 2-7% of organic solvent quality, coating amendment consumption is the 0.3-1.5% of organic solvent quality, and hot gas temperature is 85-105 ℃ when spraying coating solution in encapsulation tool.
3. according to claim 1 is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that: the polyvinyl resin consumption is the 3-5% of organic solvent quality during described step (1) preparation coating solution, and coating amendment consumption is 1.5% of an organic solvent quality.
According to claim 1-3 arbitrary described be the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that: the described hot gas of step (1) is a nitrogen.
According to claim 1-3 arbitrary described be the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that described organic solvent is the mixture of dimethylbenzene and methylene dichloride, the mass ratio of dimethylbenzene and methylene dichloride≤1.5.
According to claim 1-3 arbitrary described be the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that described organic solvent is the mixture of turps and methylene dichloride, the mass ratio of turps and methylene dichloride≤1.
According to claim 1-3 arbitrary described be the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that the described coating amendment of step (1) is paraffin, rubber powder, bone meal, grain flour or mineral powder.
8. according to claim 7 is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that, described grain flour is selected from wheat-flour, rice powder, Semen Maydis powder or sweet potato powder.
9. according to claim 7 is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that, described mineral powder is selected from zeolite powder, diatomite, light calcium carbonate or talcum powder.
10. be the production technique of the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with the polyethylene film, it is characterized in that:
(1) polyvinyl resin and coating amendment are dissolved in the organic solvent, under 110-120 ℃, be prepared into coating solution, wherein polyvinyl resin occupies the 1-8% of machine solvent quality, coating amendment consumption is the 0.1-1.5% of organic solvent quality, in encapsulation tool, utilize setting off by contrast of 80-110 ℃ of hot gas, the coating solution spraying to fluidizing fertiliser granulates surface, after the solvent evaporates, is formed rete dry, smooth densification on the fertiliser granulates surface;
(2) step (1) gained fertiliser granulates is joined in the fluidized-bed, feed 50-70 ℃ warm air, in the fluidized-bed that rotates, with mass concentration is that 10~15% polyvinyl alcohol water solution evenly sprays on the fertiliser granulates, water vapour is taken away by the warm air volatilization, form coating on the fertiliser granulates surface, making with the polyethylene film is the water-soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat.
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