CN101368823A - Evaluation system and method for processing precision of bending part - Google Patents

Evaluation system and method for processing precision of bending part Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101368823A
CN101368823A CNA2008101611543A CN200810161154A CN101368823A CN 101368823 A CN101368823 A CN 101368823A CN A2008101611543 A CNA2008101611543 A CN A2008101611543A CN 200810161154 A CN200810161154 A CN 200810161154A CN 101368823 A CN101368823 A CN 101368823A
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curved shape
design
curved
shape
measurement
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CN101368823B (en
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玄忠旻
都永七
金大经
高光熙
辛钟桂
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Samsung Heavy Industries Co Ltd
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Samsung Heavy Industries Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B21D5/006—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves combined with measuring of bends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

A method for evaluating process precision of a curved component comprises measuring a curved shape of a forming or profiled curved component by a measurement device; generating a surface and a point by inputting data relative to the measured curved shape and the designed measured curved shape; matching the measured curved shape with the designed curved shape by reflecting restrictive conditions on edge parts and chamfers during the manufacture of a ship body; calculating errors between the measured curved shape and the designed curved shape; and evaluating the process precision of the measured curved shape.

Description

The evaluating system and the method that are used for the machining precision of bending part
Technical field
A kind of machining precision evaluating system and machining precision appraisal procedure that is used for bending part of relate generally to of the present invention, relate in particular to a kind of following evaluating system and method that is used for the bending part machining precision, this evaluating system and method can use the data of being obtained by measuring system to assess and determine the machining precision of the bending part that is shaped or has been shaped.
Background technology
Usually, the 3D bending part with different shape makes that product appearance is attractive and plays a major role aspect the fluid resistance physically reducing.Therefore, the many industrial products in fields such as auto industry, aircraft industry, shipbuilding industry all have various bending parts.Specifically, the bending part on the ship mainly is arranged on hull (hull) head and afterbody, and curved shape is influential to the performance of ship.
The 3D bending part of nearly all boats and ships all is to be made of steel, has large-size and different shape simultaneously.This need be generally used for other industrial circle, for example molding process, non-molding process and the different manufacturing process of mechanical molding's method such as rolling.Thermo shaping method is one of the typical method that forms the bending part of boats and ships.In thermo shaping method, use gas welding welding gun heating surface of steel plate to cause the residual heat elastic-plastic deformation, for example angular distortion and contraction, thereby the curved shape of formation expectation.In recent years, in order to replace the thermo shaping method under the working environment of poor quality, relevantly utilize mechanical presses, rolling and multiple spot extruding to wait the research of making the crooked deck of boat of boats and ships 3D aspect actively carrying out, but the result is still unsatisfactory always.
As mentioned above, the 3D bending part of boats and ships almost is to use thermo shaping method to make all, wherein, because the shaping of parts is to be undertaken by heating corresponding to their design shape, so when carrying out some forming processes, usually will check the shape of the parts in the shaping, meet given precision up to the shape of being checked of parts.When checking 3D bending part shape, use the wooden form of the 3D shape of representative design to check and the similarity and the precision thereof of the 3D shape that designs, thereby determine the thermoforming direction, operator's vision and judgement depended in error-detecting between wooden form and the molded component and assessment fully.
Simultaneously, the size of the 3D bending part of final process thermoforming operation is different with design shape, and in most of the cases, greater than the shape of design.The reason that this phenomenon takes place is as follows.
Consider the characteristic of thermoforming operation, because thermal expansion in the heating process and the thermal shrinkage in the cooling procedure, plastic deformation such as angular distortion or contraction may take place, therefore since the complicacy of 3D curved shape and its in the uncertainty of the shaping of thermosetting operating period, the designer is to adding edge (margin) M by as shown in Figure 1 the 3D design being expanded in the original shape that flat board obtains.Symbol ＂ ☆ ＂ represents the corresponding outline line that the operator should measure and cut in Fig. 1.As shown in Figure 2, carry out chamfering operation C at the edge of steel plate (outskirt), be used for the welding of post-production, and this need be than the more operation of pinpoint accuracy of general cutting operation.
In order to reflect characteristic and the difficulty in this process, the chamfering operation is mainly carried out on some edge of initial plane plate.Edge cutting operation and chamfering operation are only carried out on the remaining edge of the 3D bending part of carrying out the thermoforming operation.That is to say, boost productivity thereby in the edge cuts process, carry out minimum cutting operation.
Yet because the hysteresis quality of the uncertainty of above-mentioned thermoforming operation and the method that is used for comparison and assessment processing curved surface, the edge cutting operation does not use main chamfered area to carry out.Therefore, carry out the chamfering operation usually once more.
In order to overcome the problems referred to above, recently, a kind of method has been proposed, wherein use the 3D measuring equipment to measure the shape coordinate of 3D bending part, and control the accuracy of shaping by shape coordinate that compares and measures and the shape coordinate that designs accordingly.
This method is used the curved surface matching technique, make design coordinate (perhaps curved surface) and measure the unanimity (surface alignment) that coordinate (perhaps curved surface) is realized optimum each other, and between coordinate (perhaps curved surface), has error, have error in Z-direction, be also referred to as Z figure (Z-map).
Yet because the characteristic of the edge of the bending part of hull and chamfering operation, this method can not reflect the difference of size.In addition, owing to the limitation in measuring, the coordinate of measurement should become corresponding relation with the coordinate of design, finishes final curved surface afterwards yet the coordinate of measuring only is used to assess shaping operation.Therefore, provide finite information, for example, data pitch is from the absolute value of error and the distance error on Z-direction.Yet operator's experience and intuition are finally depended in the calculating of the assessment of the machining precision of measurement bending part and the amount of cutting material.
In addition, many research institutions are used to produce the automatic forming system of the curved surface of hull recently in development.Yet, use the automatic forming system of thermo shaping method or other automatic system of application machine manufacturing process even developed, also be difficult to use the wooden form of current use to assess the 3D curved shape.Therefore, carry out the method and system of curved shape assessment although need utilize the measured data of measuring system, nearly all traditional research only concentrates on the shaping position and fabrication strength of shaping of curved surface, and to being used to assess and determining the not research of method and system of precision of the bending part of processing.
In addition, a kind of system that only makes the shaping operation robotization under the situation of the multiplicity of having determined shaping operation has been proposed, shaping position and fabrication strength depend on operating personnel, but than fully automatic system, cost height and poor performance that this system that is proposed is required.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, the invention provides a kind of machining precision evaluating system and method that is used for bending part, it can check the machining precision of the curved surface during the curved surface of the parts that form the curved shape be shaped, and in the be shaped shape of back assessment and definite bending part of curved shape parts.
The present invention further provides a kind of machining precision evaluating system and method that is used for the curved shape parts, it can provide the end point (termination point) of shaping automation mechanized operation, and this end point combines the curved surface automated system of the hull that can form curved surface automatically.
The present invention further provides a kind of machining precision evaluating system and method that is used for the curved shape parts, it can be widely used for the shape assessment and make product and the hull with curved surface.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of machining precision appraisal procedure of bending part, having comprised: measured the curved shape of the described bending part that is shaped or has been shaped by using measuring equipment; Generate surface and point by input about the data of the curved shape of described measurement with about the data of the curved shape of design; By during making hull, on marginal portion and chamfering, reflecting restrictive condition, and the curved shape of described measurement and the curved shape of described design are mated; Calculate the error between the curved shape of the curved shape of described measurement and described design; And the machining precision of assessing the curved shape of described measurement.According to another aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of evaluating system of machining precision of bending part, comprising: load module, about the measurement data and the design data of the curved shape of described bending part is imported into this load module; Surface and dot generation module, the surface and the point coordinate of the curved shape that its generation is measured and the curved shape of design; Optimum curved surface matching module, it carries out the coupling of curved surface and the coupling of the curved surface under restrictive condition; The machining precision module, it provides the similarity between the curved surface of the curved surface of described design and described measurement based on described matching result; Cutting position and error calculating module, when the value that provides when described machining precision module conformed to the curved surface processing conditions, this cutting position and error calculating module were calculated cutting position and error.
According to machining precision evaluating system and the method that is used for bending part of the present invention, because in the curved shape forming process of the bending part that is shaped or has been shaped, can check and can assess and judge machining precision the shape of bending part, the end point of shaping automation mechanized operation can be by providing in conjunction with hull machining precision evaluating system and curved surface automated system, this curved surface automated system can form curved shape automatically and can be widely used in making the bending part of hull, and is used to have the assessment and the manufacturing of the bent products of similar manufacturing process and specific bent shapes.
Description of drawings
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above-mentioned and other purposes of the present invention and feature will become apparent by the description of the following example, wherein,
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic sketch that marginal information and chamfering information are shown, and the deviser reflects the contraction edge of original shape by this diagrammatic sketch, and this original shape is to be launched into flat board by the design shape with the 3D bending part to obtain;
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic sketch of the state when illustrating steel plate edge execution chamfering operation and cutting operation;
Fig. 3 is the block scheme that illustrates according to the information flow of the machining precision evaluating system that is used for bending part of the embodiment of the invention and this system;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram that is used to assess according to the machining precision of the bending part of the system of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b are the diagrammatic sketch that the sum of errors direction between the coordinate of the coordinate of design and measurement is shown;
Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic sketch that the direction suggesting method that uses the vector scalar product is shown;
Fig. 7 be illustrate considered restrictive condition be used to mate the classic method of curved surface and according to the diagrammatic sketch of the method for the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 illustrates the shape before the matching operation and use the system of Fig. 3 diagrammatic sketch after curved surface shape is mated under the situation of having considered restrictive condition;
Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic sketch that the example of zero degree of freedom restriction reference point is shown;
Figure 10 is the diagrammatic sketch that the optimum curved surface matching status when the degree of freedom of restriction reference point is non-vanishing is shown, and it is removable in the range of tolerable variance of spheroid form wherein to limit reference point;
Figure 11 is the diagrammatic sketch of example that the optimum curved surface matching operation of the system that uses Fig. 3 is shown;
Figure 12 is the diagrammatic sketch of example that the machining precision calculating operation of the system that uses Fig. 3 is shown;
Figure 13 is the diagrammatic sketch that illustrates according to the change in location of cutting position computing method.
Embodiment
Hereinafter will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the block scheme that illustrates according to the information flow of the machining precision evaluating system of bending part of the present invention and this system.Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of machining precision that is used to assess bending part according to the system of Fig. 3;
As shown in Figure 3, comprise according to the machining precision evaluating system of the bending part of the embodiment of the invention: load module 10, with regard to the curved shape of bending part and data and the design data measured are input to this load module 10; Surface and dot generation module 20, it generates the surface of curved shape and the coordinate of point; Optimum curved surface matching module 30, its restricting condition for use are carried out the curved surface coupling; Machining precision module 40, it provides the similarity of the curved surface of the curved surface of design and measurement based on matching result; And cutting position and error calculating module 50, cutting position and error when meeting the curved surface processing conditions, its value that provides in machining precision module 40 are provided.
The Optimum Matching result of optimum curved surface matching module 30 is provided to the shaping information generating system 60 that is ready to use in establishment shaping information.When the value that provides when machining precision module 40 does not meet the processing conditions of curved surface, transmit order to shaping information generating system 60, to generate additional shaping information.
If calculate cutting position and error, then corresponding information is sent to cutting position and shows and cutting system 70, to carry out cutting operation according to the curved surface processing conditions.
All information of the evaluating system of the embodiment of the invention all are stored in the storage unit 80 automatically, and when by output module 90 information being sent to image-display units 100 and printer 110, the user can check this situation by visual manner.
As shown in Figure 4, the machining precision evaluation process of machining precision evaluating system comprises: step S100, use the measuring equipment (not shown) to measure the curved shape of the bending part that is shaped or has been shaped; Step S200 generates surface and point by input in load module 10 about the data of the curved shape of the data of the curved shape measured and design; Step S300, in optimum curved surface matching module 30, the cutting edge operation when making hull by being reflected in and the restrictive condition of chamfering operation mate the curved shape of measurement and the curved shape of design; Step S400, the error between the curved shape that calculating is measured and the curved shape of design; Step S500, the machining precision of the curved shape that assessment is measured.In step S600, the relevant information of the cutting position that cutting position and error calculating module 50 will obtain based on the sum of errors assessment result is sent to cutting position and shows and cutting system 70.
In step S100, measure and use the 3D dot information to carry out usually.If generate the 3D curved surface based on the 3D dot information, then about the data of the curved shape of design corresponding to the situation not corresponding about the data of the shape measured or the former with the latter under, carry out assessment separately to this hull curved shape.
When position and design data when concerning corresponding coupling one to one, obtain corresponding to the data of specific interval to be measured or position shape from design.In treating based on the curved shape of the DATA REASONING that is obtained to determining that the point that is used as corresponding coordinate measures.Consider the cutting at residual edge, owing to be present in the curved shape to be measured, therefore measure the related data of shape and the related data of design shape is one to one at the coordinate of the design shape of the corner at given edge.Owing to can adhere to inner structure with bending part or by estimating apparent position from the coordinate extracting position of design, said method is realized by using this information by display position in advance to hull.
When the curved shape of curved shape of measuring and design is inconsistent, to the coordinate of any interior location and corner or have the interior location of specific criteria and the coordinate of corner is measured, perhaps accurately scan the surface of curved shape to be measured, thereby as measuring coordinate.
In step S300 and S400, with utilizing measured the mating of suitable measuring equipment, with the error of calculation about the information of the curved shape measured and coordinate corresponding to the shape of the curved surface of design.
In the process of the error of calculation, need be provided for the direction of edge cutting and in the measurement coordinate at bending part edge and the simple distance between the design coordinate, in this case, these needs can be by relatively the curved surface of display design and Fig. 5 a of the coordinate that is provided and Fig. 5 b of the position after the demonstration curved surface coupling check.Point among Fig. 5 a is measured at the measurement curved surface from the curved surface extraction of design and the point Fig. 5 b, and as we know from the figure, five points have big error.Shape for the shape that obtains to meet relatively design is needing to carry out cutting after the coordinate of direction of arrow traverse measurement.
As shown in Figure 6, in the present invention, a kind of dot product that uses vector obtains the method for direction, and the distance error between the coordinate of the coordinate of direction and measurement and design is provided.In Fig. 6, use is at the some A of the corner of the curved shape of design, some B corresponding to the curved shape of the measurement of an A, and the some C that appears in the curved shape of the curved shape of design or measurement constitutes triangle, and its corresponding limit is represented as vector a, b and c, and the angle θ between vector b and the vector C represents by formula (1).
cos θ = b · c | b | | c | . . . . . . Formula. (1)
Vector C can be directly by using vector formula c=b-a to obtain.
Therefore, in Fig. 6, when angle θ spends greater than 90, provide the information that is positioned at the coordinate outside of design about the coordinate of measuring.On the other hand, when angle θ spends less than 90, provide the information that is positioned at the coordinate inside of design about the coordinate of measuring.Certainly, need change according to the angle between vector a and the b with reference to angle 90 degree, its value is very little for similar curved shape but this change is left in the basket.
Simultaneously, matching technique with two kinds of shapes of different reference coordinate system comprises a kind of method of using pseudo-transformation matrix and neighbor point searching algorithm, a kind of method (Horn method) [Horn that when providing two kinds of accurate corresponding relations between the shape, is used to seek Optimum Matching, B.K.P, 1987, " Closed-form solutions of abosolute orientation using unit quaternions ", Journalof Optical Society of America, Vol.4, pp.629-624], and Besl a kind of uses based on distance between two kinds of shapes and has iterative closest point (ICP) method [Besl of good constringent least square function, P.J., McKay N.D.1992 ＂ A Method for Registration of 3D Shapes ＂, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.14, No.2, pp.239-256].Yet, the process, the system and method that use said method to assess the curved shape of 3D hull also are not suggested, and in the curved surface matching theory, need to increase such as the marginal portion of hull curved surface manufacture process and chamfering characteristics such as (oblique angles) as restrictive condition, itself in addition through checking.In other words, traditional curved surface matching process is used for different coordinates and difform Optimum Matching.The inventor has developed a kind of theory that is used to mate coordinate and curved surface, and this theory has reflected the specific limited condition during the coupling of curved surface in the shaping operation of the curved surface of hull.In the present embodiment, used and make chamfering (oblique angle) part and measure shape and the farthest corresponding to each other restrictive condition of design shape.
In order to realize this purpose, in the preferred coordinate of Known designs shape with measure under the situation of the corresponding relation between the coordinate of shape, then use the Horn method and consider following restrictive condition.
In the basic skills of Horn, when the least squares error after two kinds of form fit is confirmed as objective function, obtains the optimum distortion of rigid body, thereby objective function is minimized.In the method, after the optimum rotation of application, carry out matching operation by translation (translation) based on center of gravity.
On the other hand, as shown in Figure 7, for the restrictive condition of the Optimum Matching corner that reflects curved shape, this center of gravity, that is, the reference point that is used for translation is augmented with overlapping and move towards corner by the point identical with the point of the corner that applies restrictive condition.By augmenting of point, overlapping demonstration moves to the effect of corresponding point with weight, thereby makes centre of gravity place move to corner under restrictive condition., consider restrictive condition, carry out optimum rotation once more, to finish the curved surface coupling thereafter.This execution result demonstrates the difference of the centre of gravity place of comparing with classic method and the error between design point and the measurement point.On the corner obtain Optimum Matching result and error.
On the other hand, under accurate corresponding relation condition of unknown, consider the restrictive condition in the above-mentioned common ICP method, provide least square function, as objective function, with Optimum Matching and the Error Calculation that curved surface is provided based on distance.
In other words, use the Horn method, after two kinds of shapes are mated with least squares error as objective function, this objective function is defined as formula (2).
Φ = Σ i = 0 n | P i - R ( q i ) - T | 2 . . . . . Formula. (2)
Wherein, P i, R (q i) and T be respectively scale-up factor, coefficient of rotary and translation coefficient.
Consider the restrictive condition of objective function, a reference point that is confirmed as restrictive condition under restrictive condition in a plurality of corners, can easily obtain translation coefficient this moment, and objective function defines in formula (3).
ε i=| P i-Q i| ... the .. formula. (4)
Figure A200810161154D00132
Formula. (3)
When ＂ a ＂ partly had maximal value in formula (3), objective function suitably reflected restrictive condition, and some corners pass through this restrictive condition by Optimum Matching.
Remaining process is carried out as general ICP method, and the objective function of restrictive condition of considering of the present invention can easily be applied in the Horn method of reflection restrictive condition.
Simultaneously, if in the summit of a plurality of corners under restrictive condition is judged as ＂ limits value reference point ＂, then can easily obtain this translation coefficient.Yet degree of freedom is in ＂ restriction reference point ＂ vanishing.Can utilize this phenomenon in some cases, yet, in considering the curved surface coupling of shaping error, need to determine the difference of curved surface matching result, thereby the motion in the margin tolerance can be allowed in ＂ limits value reference point ＂.
Fig. 8 is illustrated in the coupling coordinate and the shape after the coupling of curved surface before of curved shape, and it has reflected the restrictive condition that uses the system of the embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, in tolerance zone, the inside of spheroid form, move freely, make the complicacy of post-production operation of final curved shape parts minimize, guarantee the various matching results of whole curved surface shape by making ＂ restriction reference point ＂.
Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic sketch of example that the restriction reference point of zero degree of freedom is shown.Figure 10 is illustrated in restriction reference point optimum curved surface matching status under the situation movably in the tolerance zone of spheroid form.
As mentioned above, when making that by the curved surface matching process shape matches each other, the reference and the method for the similarity of needs calculating and judgement curved surface and the system that realizes them, in this case, so far with regard to the curved shape of hull, the operator mainly uses wooden form as the reference of calculating and judge similarity.Yet the similarity of curved shape judges by multiple reference, for example Euclidean distance between the curved surface or principal curvatures, their size of cut zone of analysis, curved surface of direction and the curvature of cut zone.
At first, in using the method for Euclidean distance, form the point of corresponding relation between the shape that the machining precision of bending part can be by being created on measurement and the shape of design and judge by the range data that obtains at corresponding point that relatively adopts tolerance.Euclidean distance between the corresponding point is represented in formula (4).
ε i=| P i-Q i| ... the .. formula. (4)
Wherein, P iAnd Q iBe the shape of feasible design and the minimum corresponding point of distance between target shape.
Crooked similarity can be assessed by the formula (4) with given tolerance δ.For example: if on specific corresponding point ε iGreater than δ, this means that the similarity between two kinds of shapes on this aspect reduces.When this process carried out about the corresponding point of the corresponding relation that meets two curved surfaces, the machining precision of curved shape parts can use formula (5) to represent with the form of number percent.
α = ( 1 - D ϵ D T ) × 100 . . . . . Formula. (5)
D wherein TBe the number of execution to the corresponding point between two kinds of shapes of the assessment of machining precision, D εBe to work as ε iThe number of the corresponding point during greater than tolerance δ.
Simultaneously, curved shape is cut apart specific reference unit, analyzes the similarity between the unit of being cut apart then.With similarity is the machining precision that the ratio of high or low number of unit and unit sum is calculated curved shape.Various references (area between the unique point of for example, the comparison of Euclidean distance, curvature and institute's cutting unit etc.) can be used to assess similarity between institute's cutting unit.
After the similarity assessment of carrying out the unit of being cut apart, the number percent of the machining precision of curved shape is
α = ( 1 - E ϵ E T ) × 100
Wherein, E TBe the number of carrying out the cutting unit between two kinds of shapes of machining precision assessment, E εBe to work as ε iThe number of the cutting unit during greater than tolerance δ.The number of cutting apart the unit of curved surface dynamically changes according to the size of shape of design and curvature.
When using principal curvatures to assess machining precision, by compare the similarity that Gaussian curvature (k) and mean curvature (H) are assessed two curved surfaces at corresponding point position.The number ratio of utilizing the number and the high similarity point of whole corresponding point or hanging down similarity point is calculated the machining precision of curved shape parts.Then, as the K and the H that compare corresponding point position, δ KAnd δ HDifference when approaching zero, this means the similarity height between two curved surfaces.Machining precision can be represented by formula.
Figure 11 illustrates and uses system of the present invention that the shape of the measurement of the shape of design and grid is carried out the example of optimum curved surface coupling, and is illustrated in the step before the machining precision of calculating curved surface.Figure 12 illustrate the bending part that uses system of the present invention the machining precision calculating operation example and the result who uses the cutting unit method is shown.The rectangle cutting unit of Figure 12 refers to the unit that departs from tolerance (δ), i.e. the part that fully is not shaped.As shown in Figure 12, when rectangle cutting unit number reduces, this means the machining precision height, exist the zone of rectangle cutting unit to be considered as the bad part that is shaped.
The residue edge of the bending part of the assessment of process curved surface coupling and forming accuracy needs cutting.Therefore, in the present invention, the complicacy of cutting operation minimizes by optimum cutting position is provided.New outline line by the design together that matches each other curved shape and the difference between the curved shape of measurement generate, it need mainly project to the surface of the shape of measurement.Be used for the 3D coordinate projection well-known to the method on the xy plane, but in the present invention, the shape of measuring has the 3D curved surface of the curved shape of similar design, in this case, and the suitably projection of such quilt that the 3D curved surface can be as shown in Figure 13.
In other words, in Figure 13, the projection of edge (1) direction is identical with the method on projecting to the xy plane, and this method can cause the coordinate of design shape to project to the coordinate of measuring shape mistakenly.Therefore, in the present invention, the position of the shape of measurement can make usage vector corresponding position from the design shape extract.Yet this method can be applied on the parts of executed machining precision assessment, and when two curved surfaces differed greatly, similar approach (1) may produce many errors.
Although illustrated and described the present invention at exemplary embodiment, but those skilled in the art is to be understood that, said system and method only are examples of the present invention, can carry out various changes and modifications, and not break away from the defined scope of the present invention of following claim.

Claims (17)

1. the machining precision appraisal procedure of a bending part comprises:
Measure the curved shape of the described bending part that is shaped or has been shaped by using measuring equipment;
Generate surface and point by input about the data of the curved shape of described measurement with about the data of the curved shape of design;
By during making hull, on marginal portion and chamfering, reflecting restrictive condition, and the curved shape of described measurement and the curved shape of described design are mated;
Calculate the error between the curved shape of the curved shape of described measurement and described design; And
Assess the machining precision of the curved shape of described measurement.
2. the method for claim 1 also comprises and will show and cutting system about sending cutting position to according to the information of the cutting position of described error and assessment result.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein, in the measurement of the described curved shape of described bending part, obtain the 3D dot information, and to concern the position of measuring described curved shape one to one with data as the curved shape of the described design of measuring coordinate.
4. the method for claim 1, wherein, in the measurement of the described curved shape of described bending part, obtain the 3D dot information, and when the curved shape of described measurement with as the curved shape of the described design of measuring coordinate when inconsistent, the coordinate of interior location and corner is arbitrarily measured, perhaps interior location with specific criteria and the coordinate of corner or the surface of described curved shape are accurately scanned.
5. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the measurement of being carried out with one-to-one relationship comprises:
Obtain the data of relevant position corresponding to position to be measured from the curved shape of described design; And
Based on the data that obtained, the position of the respective coordinates in the described surface that is confirmed as described curved shape to be measured is measured.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein, the two calculates error between the curved shape of the curved shape of described measurement and described design the distance error between the coordinate of use measuring and the coordinate of design and the dot product of vector, and the some A that works as the corner of the curved shape that uses described design, some B corresponding to the curved shape of the described measurement of described some A, and the some C that is present in the curved shape of the curved shape of described design or described measurement constitutes triangle, and corresponding limit is represented as vector a, when b and c, the angle θ between then described vector b and the described vector C is:
cos θ = b · c | b | | c |
Wherein, the angle θ according to described measurement judges that the coordinate of described measurement is positioned at the outside or the inboard of the coordinate of described design.
7. the method for claim 1, wherein, under with one in a plurality of corners under the restrictive condition of described curved shape situation as the restriction reference point, use the Horn method that the curved shape of described measurement and the curved shape of described design are carried out Optimum Matching, and as the center of gravity of the reference of translation by the point identical with the point of described corner under the restrictive condition augment or overlapping, and under this restrictive condition, move towards described corner.
8. method as claimed in claim 4 wherein, under the inconsistent situation of curved shape of the curved shape of described measurement and described design, is mated the curved shape of described measurement and the curved shape of described design by iterative closest point (ICP) method.
9. the method for claim 1, wherein, in assessment to the machining precision of the curved shape of described measurement, the area and the curvature of the cut zone by the Euclidean distance between the corresponding point of analyzing described curved surface or principal curvatures and its direction and described curved surface obtain the similarity between the described curved shape.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 wherein, is worked as P iAnd Q iBe the shape of design and target shape make the minimum corresponding point of therebetween distance the time, the described Euclidean distance between the described corresponding point is ε i=| P i-Q i|, and according to the described Euclidean distance ε of specific corresponding point position iAnd the relation between the specific tolerance δ is assessed the similarity of described curved surface.
11. method as claimed in claim 7, wherein, described restriction reference point obtains arbitrarily at the tolerance intra-zone of sphere.
12. method as claimed in claim 10, wherein, after the described similarity of assessment corresponding point, the number percent of the described machining precision of curved surface (%) is:
α = ( 1 - D ϵ D T ) × 100
D wherein TBe the number of the corresponding point between two kinds of shapes having carried out the machining precision assessment, D εBe to work as ε iThe number of the corresponding point during greater than tolerance δ and similarity reduction.
13. method as claimed in claim 10 wherein, is divided into specific reference unit and after the described similarity assessment of the unit cut apart was performed, the number percent of the described machining precision of described curved shape was at described curved shape:
α = ( 1 - E ϵ E T ) × 100
Wherein, E TBe the number of the unit between two kinds of shapes having carried out the machining precision assessment, cut apart, E εBe to work as ε iThe number of the unit of being cut apart when reducing greater than tolerance δ and similarity, the number of cutting apart the unit of described curved surface dynamically changes according to the size of the shape of described design and curvature.
14. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, during using described principal curvatures to assess described machining precision, by the relatively Gaussian curvature of each corresponding point position of two curved surfaces and the described similarity that mean curvature is assessed two curved surfaces, and the ratio of the number of the point of the point of number by using whole corresponding point and high similarity or low similarity is calculated the described machining precision of curved shape parts.
15. a machining precision evaluating system that is used for bending part comprises:
Load module is about the measurement data and the design data of the curved shape of described bending part is imported into this load module;
Surface and dot generation module, the surface and the point coordinate of the curved shape that its generation is measured and the curved shape of design;
Optimum curved surface matching module, it carries out the coupling of curved surface and the coupling of the curved surface under restrictive condition;
The machining precision module, it provides the similarity between the curved surface of the curved surface of described design and described measurement based on described matching result;
Cutting position and error calculating module, when the value that provides when described machining precision module conformed to the curved surface processing conditions, this cutting position and error calculating module were calculated cutting position and error.
16. system as claimed in claim 15, wherein, the Optimum Matching result of described optimum curved surface matching module is provided for the shaping information generating system, to be used to create shaping information.
17. system as claimed in claim 15 wherein, when the value that is proposed when described machining precision module does not conform to the curved surface processing conditions, generates additional shaping information by the shaping information generating system.
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