CN101353280A - Mineral urea - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to fertilizer applied to farm lands and crops, in particular to a mineral urea, which is characterized in that the fertilizer is made from the raw materials of urea, palygorskite powder and humic acid by the preparation method of the conventional fertilizer, wherein, the weight percentages of the three raw materials respectively are 40-45% of the urea, 40-45% of the palygorskite powder and 10-20% of the humic acid. The nitrogen content of the urea is equal to or more than 46%, the specific surface area of the palygorskite granules is equal to or more than 120m<2>/g, the water absorption is equal to or more than 70%, and the cation exchange capacity is equal to or more than 20mmol/100g. The humic acid is a weathered coal with organic matter content being equal to or more than 60% and humic acid content equal to or more than 45%. The urea is absorbed and stored in alveolate pores of the palygorskite, which prevent the urea loss under the circumstances of water flush, sunshine, and the like; the humic acid can inhibit the activities of urease, and slow down the decomposition of the urea, prolong the fertilizer efficiency of the urea. The fertilizer of the invention has the effects of slow and long term release in farm lands, which improves the utilization ratio of the urea, and has the beneficial effects of achieving high efficiency with low nitrogen, enhancing the quality of farm products, improving human health, etc.

Description

Mineral, urea

Technical field

The present invention relates to farmland, the employed fertilizer of farm crop, specifically a kind of mineral, urea.

Background technology

Show according to the clay fertilizer expert investigation: China's nitrogenous fertilizer is that the utilization ratio of urea has only about 30%, and 1 year 2000 ten thousand tons of nitrogenous fertilizer that will run off is equivalent to the annual production of 100 medium and small nitrogen fertilizer plants, and financial loss reaches 40,000,000,000 yuans.

The result that the Chinese environmental newspaper was issued main basin, the whole nation 40 emphasis sections automatic water quality monitoring in week in 2006 the 36th shows: because a large amount of applied nitrogens of modern agriculture, not only underground water is caused in various degree pollution, in various degree pollution is also caused in river, river, lake, the ratio that is subjected to polluted waters accounts for 42.5%, and heavy contamination person accounts for 25.6%.Because amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer constantly increases, the nitrate content in the agricultural-food also constantly increases, and badly influences mankind itself's health.

In recent years, China's nitrogen fertilizer amount soars, and be 39 kilograms/hectare the seventies, and be 130 kilograms/hectare the eighties, has reached 197 kilograms/hectare to the beginning of the nineties, reaches 211 kilograms of per hectares at present.The average per hectare nitrogen fertilizer amount in the world is 55 kilograms, and China's amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is more than three times of the average consumption in the world.

It is predicted, to the year two thousand thirty China's grain aggregate demand be 6,890,000～7,340,000 tons, make China's grain yield satisfy this demand substantially, to the year two thousand twenty, nitrogen fertilizer amount will increase to present more than 2 times.If can not this part ever-increasing, nitrogen fertilizer amount input of reasonable use, if also as present stage, do not control the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, will cause disastrous effect to environment for human survival.

Above factual data explanation, in China's agriculture production, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low, loss is big, and fertilizer efficiency constantly descends, and agricultural product quality is degenerated, and agricultural cost increases progressively, and household income descends and the continuous deterioration of ecotope has been very important problem.

How improving the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer and make nitrogenous fertilizer energy long-acting, is two hang-ups of domestic and international fertilizer field, also is the research focus.Control and this two hang-up of solution, the people of let us drink clean water, and edible free of contamination fruits and vegetables grain stays the clean soil of a side for our descendants, and the protection people's is healthy, is the duty-bound responsibility of agricultural science and technology worker.The applicant went through nearly ten years, had done the test of a large amount of prescription, developed the mineral, urea that fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are combined with each other finally.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention just provides that a kind of amount of urea is little, urea utilization ratio height, have the mineral, urea of long-acting slow-release effect.

It is as follows that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of being taked: a kind of mineral, urea, it is characterized in that it by urea, slope thread powder, humic acid material routinely the making method of chemical fertilizer make; The weight percent of three kinds of raw materials is respectively a urea 40～45%, polygorskite 40～45%, humic acids 10～20%.

The manufacture craft flow process that urea, polygorskite and the humic acids of above-mentioned weight proportion is made into mineral, urea of the present invention is: pulverizing → weighing and burden → batch mixing → chelating granulation → oven dry → cooling → screening → detection packing.

With the above-mentioned materials of weight proportions making method of chemical fertilizer routinely, be made into technical process of the present invention and be: pulverizing → weighing and burden → batch mixing → chelating granulation → oven dry → cooling → screening.

Pulverize: with urea, polygorskite and humic acids separated pulverizing to 80～120 orders;

Weighing and burden: determine the weight percent of urea, polygorskite and humic acids, by the proportioning weighing and burden;

Batch mixing: with batch mixes stir batch mixing;

Chelating granulation: use equipment vapor pressure boiler, rotary conveyor and the granulation cylinder of transferring shares; With rotary conveyor with the batch mixing input granulation cylinder of transferring shares, the outlet of vapor pressure boiler vapour pipe is located at the inlet of the granulation cylinder of transferring shares, before batch mixing enters the granulation cylinder of transferring shares, the steam of vapor pressure boiler production sprays in the batch mixing through the vapour pipe outlet, make the water content in the batch mixing reach 22～25%, urea in the batch mixing dissolves and enters under the steam high temperature action in the attapulgite crystalline structure body, gets the chelating material; The chelating material enters the granulation cylinder of transferring shares and finishes granulation through rotation, gets the chelating granule materials;

Oven dry: use the equipment dram; With chelating granule materials input dram, it is 7～9% oven dry granule materials that drying gets water content;

Cooling: use the apparatus cools tube; To dry granule materials input cooling cylinder, finish cooling, get the cooling particulate material;

Screening: according to the production standard regulation, the cooling particulate material is sieved, filter out the present invention who meets the particle diameter requirement.

Described urea contains amount of nitrogenous fertilizer 〉=46%; Its specific surface area 〉=120m of described polygorskite ²/ g, water-intake rate 〉=70%, cation exchange capacity 〉=20mmol/100g; Described humic acids is a kind of weathered coal that includes organic matter 〉=60%, humic acids 〉=45%.

The present invention is with inorganic urea, nonmetalliferous ore polygorskite powder and contains the weathered coal of humic acids, is sequestered in together by described proportioning batch mixing, has formed organic and inorganic compounding formula fertilizer.

The nonmetallic mineral that polygorskite in the prescription of the present invention is a kind of nanometer porous road lenticular honeycomb structure, specific surface area is big, adsorptivity is strong, and be rich in nutritive elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, manganese, iodine, selenium; Behind polygorskite and the urea chelating, its unique physical property is kept at Absorption for Urea in its cellular hole, has avoided urea to run off in a large number under situations such as Shui Chong, Exposure to Sunlight; Humic acids can suppress to urinate the activity of enzyme, the decomposition that slows down urea, and the complex compound of generation can decompose the release nitrogen gradually; Urea efficiency is prolonged; The acting in conjunction of polygorskite and humic acids makes that urea slowly discharges, the effect of long-acting release in the farmland, so just can significantly reduce the consumption of urea, improve the utilization ratio of urea, thereby it is efficient to play low nitrogen, environmental protection, improve quality of agricultural product, improve crop ecological environment, growing environment, strengthen beneficial effects such as human health.

In addition, polygorskite is the also nitrogen in absorption and the fixed air simultaneously, add polygorskite and be rich in the required various nutrient elements of plant-growth, it is single to have solved the urea nutrient, pollute problems such as water and soil, the soil that hardens, thereby improve quality of agricultural product, improve crop yield, reduce cost, the present invention is that the 21st century fertilising is improved the soil, the agriculture organic and inorganic fertilizer of environmental protection thus.

Through examination model, popularization and application for many years, prove that the present invention solves one of effective way of chemical fertilizer field two hang-ups.

Be the partial content and the effect of field test of the present invention below:

2006 have carried out the present invention by the Wuzhong City agrotechnical station in ancient city subdistrict office Dang Jia river bend village, ancient city village, Xinhua bridge village, Shi Fo village, The East Pagoda temple township, Liu Cheng beach village is the simultaneous test and the demonstration of mineral, urea and common urea.

1, trial crops: wheat, paddy rice, wheat interplanting corn, potato, greenhouse watermelon;

2, test area is 21.5 mu, 500 mu of demonstration areas;

3, each is handled and repeats random alignment 3 times.

4, experimental design, control group: common urea, treatment group: the present invention is a mineral, urea;

5, analysis of components, mineral, urea: N 〉=18%, organic 〉=8%, humic acids 〉=6% is rich in nutritive elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, zinc, copper, boron, manganese, iodine, selenium; Common urea N 〉=46%;

6, experimental implementation, fertilising all refers to the rate of fertilizer application on every mu of ground;

Wheat: irritated a water on April 25; Control group is used urea 15kg, uses urea 5kg for the second time; Treatment group is used mineral, urea 15kg, uses mineral, urea 5kg for the second time;

Paddy rice: April 28 applied fertilizer to the subsoil, and control group is used calcium superphosphate 50kg, and urea 10kg makees base fertilizer;

Treatment group is used calcium superphosphate 50kg, and mineral, urea 10kg makees base fertilizer; Rice transplanting on May 12 imposes mineral, urea 20kg after pouring water;

The wheat interplanting corn: executed when ploughing control group on March 8 and use 150 jin of calcium superphosphate, common urea is made base fertilizer for 40 jin; Treatment group is used 150 jin of calcium superphosphate, and mineral, urea is made base fertilizer for 40 jin;

The mountain area potato: control group was used 37 jin/mu of common ureas when May 20 was sowed, and treatment group is used 37 jin/mu of mineral, ureas, and other fertilizer is identical;

The greenhouse watermelon: November 1 topdressed, and control group imposes common urea, and treatment group imposes mineral, urea.

Reach a conclusion as follows by above-mentioned to the experiment of using farm crop such as wheat of the present invention, paddy rice, wheat interplanting corn, potato, greenhouse watermelon:

1, wheat: seedling is strong, blade big and plump, greenery area is many, reguarity good, utilization rate of fertilizer has improved in cost reduction 10-12 unit; Mineral, urea is worth applying on wheat.

2, paddy rice: improve seedling quality, increase the mu spike number, rice shoot with rsgun and wide planting standardized cultivation, suggestion peasant household deep placement fertilizer when promoting mineral, urea; To play the effect of preserve moisture and fertility.

3, wheat interplanting corn: the corn spike number increases, grain heavily increases, and nitrogen fertilizer amount reduces by half in the whole growing, is worthy to be popularized.

4, potato: 580 kilograms of mu volume increase.

5, greenhouse watermelon: can improve quality of watermelon, about 500 kilograms of mu volume increase.

Facts have proved, use mineral, urea and can make all kinds of crop yields more than 20%, have in addition reach more than 50%, and the grain that plants is full.Thereby proof the present invention is a mineral, urea energy coordinate plant growth function, replenishes the needed various nutritive ingredients of plant-growth, it is grown to optimum conversion, thereby improve the quality of farm crop.Be the experimental control table as a result of above-mentioned five kinds of farm crop below.

The little table output of table 1 synopsis unit: kilogram/mu

Table 2 paddy rice is used mineral, urea quality in seedling stage comparison sheet

The experimental plot ownership	Plant height	Root is long	Total root	White root	10 seedling dry weights
						Li Wenzhong	21.5	12.5	21.2	18	1.46
Full township is average	16.8	9.2	18.5	16.7	1.2

Table 3 corn yield and proterties comparison sheet

Table 4 potato manurial experiment breeding time and output comparison sheet

Table 5 greenhouse The yield of watermelon, income contrast table

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Pulverize: with urea, polygorskite and humic acids separated pulverizing to 120 order;

Weighing and burden: take by weighing 400 kilograms in urea, 450 kilograms of polygorskites, 150 kilograms of humic acidss;

Batch mixing: with above-mentioned three kinds of batch mixes stir batch mixing;

Chelating granulation: use equipment vapor pressure boiler, rotary conveyor and the granulation cylinder of transferring shares; With rotary conveyor with the batch mixing input granulation cylinder of transferring shares, the outlet of vapor pressure boiler vapour pipe is located at the inlet of the granulation cylinder of transferring shares, before batch mixing enters the granulation cylinder of transferring shares, the steam of vapor pressure boiler production sprays in the batch mixing through the vapour pipe outlet, make the water content in the batch mixing reach 25%, urea in the batch mixing dissolves and enters under the steam high temperature action in the attapulgite crystalline structure body, gets the chelating material; The chelating material enters the granulation cylinder of transferring shares and finishes granulation through rotation, gets the chelating granule materials;

Oven dry: use the equipment dram; With chelating granule materials input dram, it is 8% oven dry granule materials that drying gets water content;

Cooling: use the apparatus cools tube; To dry granule materials input cooling cylinder, finish cooling, get the cooling particulate material;

Screening: according to the production standard regulation, the cooling particulate material is sieved, filter out the present invention who meets the particle diameter requirement.

Urea contains amount of nitrogenous fertilizer 〉=46%; Its specific surface area 〉=120m of polygorskite grain ²/ g, water-intake rate 〉=70%, cation exchange capacity 〉=20mmol/100g; Humic acids is a kind of weathered coal that includes organic matter 〉=60%, humic acids 〉=45%.

Embodiment 2

With urea, polygorskite and humic acids separated pulverizing to 100 order; Take by weighing 450 kilograms in urea, 450 kilograms of polygorskites, 100 kilograms of humic acidss;

Batch mixing: with above-mentioned three kinds of batch mixes stir batch mixing;

The chelating granulation: before batch mixing entered the granulation cylinder of transferring shares, the steam of vapor pressure boiler production sprayed in the batch mixing through the vapour pipe outlet, makes the water content in the batch mixing reach 24%, and other is with embodiment 1;

Oven dry: use the equipment dram; With chelating granule materials input dram, it is 8.5% oven dry granule materials that drying gets water content;

Cooling: with embodiment 1;

Screening: with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 3

With urea, polygorskite and humic acids separated pulverizing to 80 order; Take by weighing 400 kilograms in urea, 400 kilograms of polygorskites, 200 kilograms of humic acidss;

Batch mixing: with above-mentioned three kinds of batch mixes stir batch mixing;

The chelating granulation: before batch mixing entered the granulation cylinder of transferring shares, the steam of vapor pressure boiler production sprayed in the batch mixing through the vapour pipe outlet, makes the water content in the batch mixing reach 23%, and other is with embodiment 1;

Oven dry: use the equipment dram; With chelating granule materials input dram, it is 9% oven dry granule materials that drying gets water content;

Cooling: with embodiment 1;

Screening: with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 4

With urea, polygorskite and humic acids separated pulverizing to 120 order; Take by weighing 450 kilograms in urea, 420 kilograms of polygorskites, 130 kilograms of humic acidss;

Batch mixing: with above-mentioned three kinds of batch mixes stir batch mixing;

Chelating granulation: with embodiment 1;

Oven dry: with embodiment 1;

Cooling: with embodiment 1;

Screening: with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 5

With urea, polygorskite and humic acids separated pulverizing to 100 order; Take by weighing 425 kilograms in urea, 425 kilograms of polygorskites, 150 kilograms of humic acidss; Batch mixing: with above-mentioned three kinds of batch mixes stir batch mixing;

The chelating granulation: before batch mixing entered the granulation cylinder of transferring shares, the steam of vapor pressure boiler production sprayed in the batch mixing through the vapour pipe outlet, makes the water content in the batch mixing reach 24%, and other is with embodiment 1;

Oven dry: use the equipment dram; With chelating granule materials input dram, it is 7% oven dry granule materials that drying gets water content;

Cooling: with embodiment 1;

Screening: with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 6 is with urea, polygorskite and humic acids separated pulverizing to 120 order; Take by weighing 450 kilograms in urea, 400 kilograms of polygorskites, 150 kilograms of humic acidss; Other is with embodiment 1.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of mineral, urea is characterized in that it is crushed to 80～120 orders by urea, polygorskite, humic acid material, and the making method of chemical fertilizer is made routinely; The weight percent of three kinds of raw materials is respectively a urea 40～45%, polygorskite 40～45%, humic acids 10～20%.

2, mineral, urea according to claim 1 is characterized in that: its nitrogen content of described urea 〉=46%.

3, mineral, urea according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the polygorskite specific surface area 〉=120m2/g of institute, water-intake rate 〉=70%, cation exchange capacity 〉=20mmol/100g.

4, mineral, urea according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described humic acids is a kind of weathered coal that includes organic matter 〉=60%, humic acids 〉=45%.

5, pulverize: urea, polygorskite and humic acids separated pulverizing to 80～120 orders;

Weighing and burden: determine the weight percent of urea, polygorskite and humic acids, by the proportioning weighing and burden;

Batch mixing: with batch mixes stir batch mixing;

Chelating granulation: use equipment vapor pressure boiler, rotary conveyor and the granulation cylinder of transferring shares; With rotary conveyor with the batch mixing input granulation cylinder of transferring shares, the outlet of vapor pressure boiler vapour pipe is located at the inlet of the granulation cylinder of transferring shares, before batch mixing enters the granulation cylinder of transferring shares, the steam of vapor pressure boiler production sprays in the batch mixing through the vapour pipe outlet, make the water content in the batch mixing reach 22～25%, urea in the batch mixing dissolves and enters under the steam high temperature action in the attapulgite crystalline structure body, gets the chelating material; The chelating material enters the granulation cylinder of transferring shares and finishes granulation through rotation, gets the chelating granule materials;

Oven dry: use the equipment dram; With chelating granule materials input dram, it is 7～9% oven dry granule materials that drying gets water content;

Cooling: use the apparatus cools tube; To dry granule materials input cooling cylinder, finish cooling, get the cooling particulate material;

Screening: according to the production standard regulation, the cooling particulate material is sieved, filter out the present invention who meets the particle diameter requirement.