CN101344360B - Co2循环及煤气补燃式烧结余热发电方法 - Google Patents
Co2循环及煤气补燃式烧结余热发电方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101344360B CN101344360B CN2008101187217A CN200810118721A CN101344360B CN 101344360 B CN101344360 B CN 101344360B CN 2008101187217 A CN2008101187217 A CN 2008101187217A CN 200810118721 A CN200810118721 A CN 200810118721A CN 101344360 B CN101344360 B CN 101344360B
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- gas
- waste heat
- temperature
- heat
- coal gas
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
一种CO2循环及煤气补燃式烧结余热发电方法，属于烧结余热利用领域。其特点是，使用CO2替代空气，作为烧结矿的冷却介质，CO2的比热大于空气，能更高效的回收烧结矿显热，从而提高用于发电的蒸汽参数，增加发电量；冷却气体对烧结矿进行封闭循环冷却，通过烧结矿层时吸收烧结矿显热，在余热锅炉处释放热量，降温后再循环回环冷机用于冷却烧结矿，封闭循环能减少散热损失最大限度回收热量，同时也能降低CO2的漏散量；在低温过热器之后设置煤气补燃式高温过热器，既可在烧结矿温度波动时稳定蒸汽参数，烟气也可用于补充封闭循环冷却中的CO2量。优点在于，提高蒸汽参数，大大提高烧结余热发电能力，并具有环保效益。
Description
CO2循环及煤气补燃式烧结余热发电方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于烧结余热利用技术领域，尤其涉及一种CO2循环及煤气补燃式烧结余 热发电方法，适用于钢铁厂烧结环冷机废气余热回收发电。
背景技术
[0002] 烧结工序是钢铁企业的耗能大户，其能耗仅次于炼铁工序，烧结余热回收是钢铁 企业实现“节能减排”指标的一项重要内容。烧结工序中近50%的能耗以烧结机烟气和环 冷机废气的显热形式排放到大气，既浪费能源又污染环境，虽然废气温度不高但废气量巨 大，对这部分热能进行回收前景相当可观。
[0003] 目前，国内对烧结环冷机废气余热回收发电的应用才刚刚起步，余热回收工艺在 不断完善中。环冷机排放的废气是大量的低温热源，传统的环冷机生产工艺中，环冷风机 进口是约20°C的环境空气，入口空气温度较低，造成环冷机高温段的排气温度只有300〜 400°C，低温段排气温度一般为200〜250°C，直接利用此废气余热只能产生饱和蒸汽或低 参数过热蒸汽，发电利用效率很低。
[0004] 最近，对烧结环冷机废气余热回收发电的改进不外乎两点：其一是把余热锅炉出 口的烟气回流到环冷风机入口，提高入口气体温度，进而增加环冷机出口的烟温；其二是把 环冷机低温段出口废气引流到烧结机或高温段，进而增加余热能量回收率。
[0005] 上述方法存在的主要问题是：能对提高余热回收率有一些改进，但都不能从根本 上解决提高发电蒸汽参数的问题，现有的烧结环冷余热发电只能达到低温或中低温参数的 余热发电系统，余热发电能力有限；而且在烧结矿温度波动时，更会造成进入余热锅炉的烟 气温度波动，进而影响蒸汽参数和发电量，在实际中很难控制。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的是提供一种CO2循环及煤气补燃式烧结余热发电方法，改进了烧结 环冷机废气余热发电技术，解决了背景技术中提到的不足，使废气余热回收率更高，提高蒸 汽参数及发电能力，通过CO2循环和煤气补燃使发电量提高50 %以上，煤气补燃亦可稳定蒸 汽参数以带动中温中压汽轮机，CO2封闭循环具有节能减排的效果，既节能又有环境效益。
[0007] 本发明是在环冷机处高温（700〜850°C )烧结矿的降温过程中，使用CO2作为冷 却介质，冷却介质在环冷机和余热锅炉之间封闭循环，在低温（300〜380°C)过热器后布置 煤气补燃式高温过热器，产生过热蒸汽发电，具体特征有：
[0008] ①循环冷却介质一种全部是0)2气体，根据系统漏气量进行补充；另一种可用煤气 燃烧后的高CO2浓度烟气，比如转炉煤气燃烧后烟气。相对普通空气循环提高了冷却介质 的载热能力，在全部CO2循环时余热发电能力可提高50%以上；使用转炉煤气燃烧后烟气 时余热发电能力可提高20 %以上。
[0009] ②余热锅炉低温过热器后布置煤气补燃式高温过热器，保证蒸汽温度提高到 410〜450°C，然后进入汽轮机发电。煤气补燃器设置可调控装置，在烧结矿温度波动时调
3节煤气燃烧量来稳定蒸汽参数。煤气补燃器使用转炉煤气，或者使用高炉煤气；转炉煤气为 最优方案，其燃烧后烟气能用作循环冷却介质，保证循环中的CO2量。
[0010] ③冷却气体在环冷机和余热锅炉之间封闭循环，通过环冷机烧结矿层时吸收烧 结矿显热，气体温度提高到500〜600°C，在余热锅炉处释放热量，余热锅炉出口气体温度 140〜180°C。封闭循环能减少热量损失，最大限度回收烧结矿显热；同时也能降低CO2的 漏散量。
[0011] ④使用CO2循环冷却和煤气补燃有利于稳定烧结矿的品质。环冷机高温段冷却风 温的提高对烧结矿的品质有利，又能避免使用空气时氧气对烧结矿中铁的部分氧化作用。
[0012] CO2循环及煤气补燃式烧结余热发电方法，其系统包括烧结环冷机、风机、余热锅 炉、煤气补燃式高温过热器、汽轮机、发电机、除氧器、给水泵、汽包。CO2循环冷却高效回收 烧结矿显热，提高环冷机出口气体温度，提高用于发电的蒸汽温度；其核心在于CO2的比热 大于空气，能更高效地回收烧结矿显热，提高用于发电的蒸汽温度，可调式煤气补燃亦能增 加和稳定蒸汽参数，使用中温中压参数的汽轮机，从而大大提高余热发电量。
[0013] 通过提高发电的蒸汽参数，提高了余热发电能力，可选用中压参数（435°C、 3. 6MPa)的汽轮机。
[0014] 本发明能获得的效益是：在不影响烧结环冷机正常生产的情况下，利用环冷机废 气余热和钢铁厂自产煤气大大提高余热发电能力，使发电蒸汽参数达到中温中压435°C、 3. 6MPa，余热发电量相对现有的低温参数环冷余热发电技术增加50%以上，经济效益相当 可观；CO2是温室气体，节能减排中最主要的控制污染物，本发明中变废为宝、资源化利用， 对环境有益。本技术发明是烧结环冷余热利用的一个较优方案。
附图说明
[0015] 图1是本发明的CO2循环及煤气补燃式烧结余热发电系统图。其中，烧结环冷机 1、风机2、余热锅炉3、低温过热器4、补燃式高温过热器5、转炉煤气6、环境空气7、阀门8、 汽包9、汽轮机10、发电机11、冷凝器12、凝结水泵13、除氧器14、给水泵15。
具体实施方式
[0016] 下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
[0017] 图1是使用转炉煤气补燃并以其燃烧烟气为冷却介质的烧结环冷余热发电系统 图。如图1所示，该系统中主要有两个循环：一个是冷却气体循环；另一个是蒸汽系统循 环。冷却气体循环：以转炉煤气燃烧后烟气为介质，高CO2浓度烟气首先在烧结环冷机1处 吸收烧结矿显热，温度升到500°c以上，然后进入余热锅炉3释放热量，在锅炉出口降到约 150°C，再由风机2送回到烧结环冷机1，不考虑漏风和转炉煤气燃烧补充可看作是一个封 闭循环。蒸汽系统循环：余热锅炉3中的低温过热器4出口蒸汽引入补燃式高温过热器5 进行再过热，通过控制燃烧煤气量保证其出口蒸汽温度达到450°C，然后进入汽轮机10做 功，最后由给水泵15返回余热锅炉3再蒸发。
[0018] 在实际运行中，系统漏风不可避免，转炉煤气6和环境空气7燃烧后的烟气与补燃 式高温过热器5换热后，也引入余热锅炉3继续放热降温，在锅炉出口降到约150°C，然后一 部分补入烧结环冷机1平衡系统的漏风量，另一部分通过阀门8排出系统，排出量由阀门8开度控制，保证补入量等于漏风量。
[0019] 当循环冷却介质全部为CO2气体时，煤气补燃后的烟气不再引入余热锅炉，而去预 热燃烧空气和加热余热锅炉的给水，然后排放。此时，CO2封闭循环的漏风量在阀门8处向 系统内定量补充。
[0020] 另外，补燃所用燃料亦可使用高炉煤气，根据钢铁厂实际情况具体实施，但高炉煤 气CO含量相对较低，对冷却气体循环中CO2的补充量远小于转炉煤气补燃的情况。
[0021 ] 本技术发明也可应用到现有已投产的烧结余热发电工程的技术改造中。
5
Claims (2)
- 一种CO2循环及煤气补燃式烧结余热发电方法，在环冷机上700～850℃烧结矿的降温过程中，冷却介质在环冷机和余热锅炉之间封闭循环，在余热锅炉300～380℃过热器后布置煤气补燃式高温过热器，产生过热蒸汽发电：A、循环冷却介质或者全部是CO2气体，根据系统漏气量进行补充；或者用煤气燃烧后的高CO2浓度烟气；在全部CO2循环时余热发电能力提高50％以上；使用高CO2浓度烟气时余热发电能力提高20％以上，所述的高CO2浓度烟气为转炉煤气燃烧后烟气；B、余热锅炉300～380℃过热器后布置煤气补燃式高温过热器，保证蒸汽温度提高到410～450℃，然后进入汽轮机发电；煤气补燃器设置可调控装置，在烧结矿温度波动时调节煤气燃烧量来稳定蒸汽参数；煤气补燃器使用转炉煤气，或者使用高炉煤气；C、余热锅炉出口气体温度140～180℃，此气体被送入环冷风机入口，通过烧结矿后气体温度提高到500～600℃，封闭循环减少热量损失，最大限度回收烧结矿显热；所述的系统包括烧结环冷机、环冷风机、余热锅炉、煤气补燃式高温过热器、汽轮机、发电机、除氧器、给水泵、汽包；在余热锅炉300～380℃过热器之后布置补燃式高温过热器，燃烧转炉煤气或高炉煤气进一步加热300～380℃过热器出口的蒸汽。
- 2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，选用中压参数为435°C、3. 6MPa的汽轮机。
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| CN101788233B (zh) * | 2010-02-25 | 2012-07-25 | 首钢总公司 | 一种加热炉余热发电系统及其方法 |
| CN101865610A (zh) * | 2010-06-17 | 2010-10-20 | 寇军 | 烟气余热回收系统 |
| CN102345982A (zh) * | 2011-01-10 | 2012-02-08 | 沈阳东大工业炉有限公司 | 加热炉余热回收发电装置 |
| CN103090681A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 曹玉英 | 一种烧结余热综合回收利用的方法 |
| CN102589305B (zh) * | 2012-02-24 | 2015-04-15 | 思安新能源股份有限公司 | 烧结余热发电系统 |
| CN102901085B (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-10-21 | 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 | 外置高温过热器的燃油燃气锅炉 |
| CN103344124A (zh) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-10-09 | 广州智光节能有限公司 | 带副产煤气补燃的石灰窑废气余热发电系统 |
| CN103409590B (zh) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-08-05 | 陕西钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种利用中压饱和过热蒸汽的发电系统 |
| CN104373164B (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-10-21 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | 一种带补燃型余热锅炉的igcc电站系统及工作方法 |
| CN104833217B (zh) * | 2015-05-13 | 2018-03-09 | 湖南中冶长天节能环保技术有限公司 | 一种余热余能综合利用发电装置及发电方法 |
| CN109654891B (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2020-03-17 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | 一种监测及控制热烧结矿冷却过程残碳燃烧的装置及方法 |
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