CN101339252A - Directional lighting seismic exploration method based on single earthquake focus - Google Patents
Directional lighting seismic exploration method based on single earthquake focus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seismic prospecting method based on a single seismic focus directional lighting. An offset distance and a track pitch are determined according to the traditional geologic prospecting method; a wave-detector array is arranged in a collinear way; according to the different offset distance of the shot-points in the same group and the same offset distance of the m shot-points in the different groups with the serial number differing in n, seismic data in a single shot on an entire cross-section is gathered; a uniformly-spaced time delay is made for the seismic data in the single-shot in the same group according to the sequence of the serial number; a linear superposition is made for the delayed seismic data in the single-shot so as to compose a directional lighting seismic signal with directivity, and the directional lighting seismic signal is corresponding to a directional seismic wave field; by adopting a routine seismic data processing method, a directional lighting seismic cross-section based on the single seismic focus can be obtained. After a test, the direction of the directional lighting seismic wave field that is composed can be controlled manually according to a target occurrence and has better prospecting effect to the target body of a steep dip, as compared with the common seismic prospecting method based on the single seismic focus; the seismic prospecting method of the invention also has the advantages of low operation cost and simple operation as compared with a phased seismic prospecting method.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method of seismic prospecting, it is stronger to be particularly suited for ground unrest, the single-seismic source directional lighting method of seismic prospecting of signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) lower region.
Background technology:
Existing vibroseis method of seismic prospecting can be divided into two classes by the focus number of the work of participation.One class is single vibroseis seismic prospecting; Another kind of is the seismic prospecting of array vibroseis.The seismic wave field that single vibroseis excites in the ground lower half-space can be similar to thinks the sphere wave field, non-directional; The seismic wave field that the array vibroseis excites has tangible directivity, and the seismic wave field main beam direction vertical ground that wherein makes up epicenter excitation is downward, and also there is directivity in the seismic wave field of phased epicenter excitation, and direction is controlled; In general, rationally control the seismic event direction, adopt phased focus can obtain the more seismic data of high s/n ratio.But phased focus method of seismic prospecting has the cost height, and control is complicated, and has the problem of inconsistency of a plurality of focus, and the problems referred to above have limited the popularization of phased focus method of seismic prospecting.For this reason, considering still to adopt single focus as excitaton source, is data source with the single big gun seismic signal based on single focus, adopts the synthetic directional lighting single track seismic signal of directional lighting seismic signal synthesizing method, the single big gun geological data of synthetic more similarly directional lighting, these data are corresponding to directed seismic wave field.Being that with phased seismic wave field similarity two kinds of wave fields all are directed wave fields, all is effective to improving the seismic data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) therefore; Be that with phased seismic wave field difference this wave field is the wave field of synthetic, but not the physics wave field.Therefore the directional lighting method of seismic prospecting on the basis that guarantees wave field directivity characteristics, has overcome the inconsistency of array focus and expensive shortcoming, certainly will provide a kind of effective ways for high-resolution seismic survey.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is shortcoming and defect, provide a kind of, improve the directional lighting method of seismic prospecting based on single focus of reflection wave signal signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) by synthetic directed seismic wave field at common single focus and array focus method of seismic prospecting.
The objective of the invention is to realize in the following manner:
Directional lighting method of seismic prospecting based on single focus comprises following order and step:
When a, open-air enforcement exploration, determine the sp location of offset distance p, shotpoint spacing d and track pitch and each big gun according to traditional method of seismic prospecting according to geologic information; Here p is meant the distance of the 1st wave detector of the 1st shotpoint spacing, i.e. offset distance p;
B, according to geologic background and the exploration requirement, determine that the directional lighting group is counted m and synthetic required single focus shot point of directional lighting shot point is counted n, so total big gun that the directional lighting seismic prospecting comprises is counted N=n * m, be about to the total big gun number of directional lighting seismic prospecting and be divided into the m group, every group comprises n big gun list focus geological data;
C, according to set among the step a offset distance p, shotpoint spacing d and track pitch are arranged wave detector array and shot point on survey line;
D, if select n=3 the synthetic single big gun directional lighting shot point data of single focus shot point data, at first arrange the 1st to n shot point, this n shot point can be considered the 1st group of shot point of directional lighting exploration, arrange the wave detector array according to traditional geologic prospecting method, and according to specifying Offsets apart from p, the 1st shot point is set, and this shotpoint spacing from the distance of first wave detector is: p
1=p obtains vibroseis the 1st big gun geological data in view of the above, keeps the wave detector array position constant, deploys the 2nd shot point, and this shotpoint spacing is p from the distance of first wave detector
2=p
1-d obtains vibroseis and obtains the 2nd big gun geological data; Keep the wave detector array position constant, deploy the 3rd shot point, this shotpoint spacing is p from the distance of first wave detector
3=p
2-d=p
1-2d obtains vibroseis the 3rd big gun geological data, has finished the earthquake data acquisition of the 1st group of n shot point this moment;
E, according to traditional method of seismic prospecting, rolling wave detector array, then arrange n+1 to a 2n shot point, this n shot point can be considered the 2nd group of shot point of directional lighting exploration, in the data acquisition of each shot point on the same group, wave detector array track pitch remains constant, and the distance that n+1 shot point is arranged on the 1st wave detector of distance is: p
1The position of=p, promptly the 1st shot point offset distance with the 1st group is identical, obtains vibroseis the 4th big gun geological data; N+2 shot point is arranged on apart from the distance of the 1st wave detector of distance and is: p
2=p
1The position of-d, promptly the 2nd shot point offset distance with the 1st group is identical, obtains vibroseis the 5th big gun geological data; N+3 shot point is arranged on apart from the distance of the 1st wave detector of distance and is: p
3=p
2-d=p
1Vibroseis the 6th big gun geological data is obtained in the position of-2d; Finished the earthquake data acquisition of the 2nd group of n shot point this moment; Be the offset distance difference of each shot point in same group, not on the same group sequence number to differ the offset distance of m shot point of n identical;
F, and the like, continue rolling wave detector array;
G, arrange n shot point of next group, if this group be numbered i, the arrangement sequence number of n shot point of corresponding i group in total shot point is (i-1) * n+1 to the (i-1) * n+n shot point, arranges (i-1) * n+1 shot point, and this shotpoint spacing is p from the distance of first wave detector
1=p; Arrange (i-1) * n+2 shot point again, the distance of this first wave detector of shotpoint spacing is p
2=p
1-d; , arrange (i-1) * n+n shot point again, the distance of this first wave detector of shotpoint spacing is:
p
n=p
N-1-d=p
1-(n-1) * d; Obtain the geological data of (i-1) * n+1 to the (i-1) * n+n shot point at an above n shot point;
H, repeating step f, g are until obtaining all N big gun geological datas
I, the single big gun geological data that will obtain are divided into the m group, the single big gun geological data that belongs to same group is uniformly-spaced delayed time successively by number order, n after a time-delay single big gun geological data is done linear superposition, synthetic directional lighting seismic signal with directivity, the corresponding directed seismic wave field of this signal utilizes conventional seismic data processing technique just can obtain directional lighting seismic section based on single focus.
Purpose of the present invention can also realize in the following manner:
Shotpoint spacing d equals or is not equal to track pitch; M among the step b is>1 odd number.
Beneficial effect: through test, compare with common single focus method of seismic prospecting, the directional lighting method of seismic prospecting can make the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) from the reflection wave signal of objective body improve; Because direction can artificially be controlled according to the target occurrence when synthesizing the directional lighting seismic wave field, and is better for steep dip objective body exploration effects; Compare with phased seismic method, it is low to have job costs, controls simple advantage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the directional lighting seismic prospecting is shot point and wave detector arrangenent diagram on the same group not
Fig. 2: same group of shot point of directional lighting and wave detector arrangenent diagram
M: directional lighting group number, promptly in the directional lighting seismic method to the packet count of total big gun number
N: synthetic single focus shot point number that the directional lighting shot point is required, the shot point number of the synthetic group of every directional lighting in promptly total big gun number grouping
N: total shot point number on the survey line
D: shotpoint spacing
P: offset distance
Embodiment:
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
Directional lighting method of seismic prospecting based on single focus comprises following order and step:
When a, open-air enforcement exploration, determine the sp location of offset distance p, shotpoint spacing d and track pitch and each big gun according to traditional method of seismic prospecting according to geologic information; Here p is meant the distance of the 1st wave detector of the 1st shotpoint spacing, i.e. offset distance p;
B, according to geologic background and the exploration requirement, determine that the directional lighting group is counted m and synthetic required single focus shot point of directional lighting shot point is counted n, so total big gun that the directional lighting seismic prospecting comprises is counted N=n * m, be about to the total big gun number of directional lighting seismic prospecting and be divided into the m group, every group comprises n big gun list focus geological data;
C, according to set among the step a offset distance p, shotpoint spacing d and track pitch are arranged wave detector array and shot point on survey line;
D, if select n=3 the synthetic single big gun directional lighting shot point data of single focus shot point data, at first arrange the 1st to n shot point, this n shot point can be considered the 1st group of shot point of directional lighting exploration, arrange the wave detector array according to traditional geologic prospecting method, and according to specifying Offsets apart from p, the 1st shot point is set, and this shotpoint spacing from the distance of first wave detector is: p
1=p obtains vibroseis the 1st big gun geological data in view of the above, keeps the wave detector array position constant, deploys the 2nd shot point, and this shotpoint spacing is p from the distance of first wave detector
2=p
1-d obtains vibroseis and obtains the 2nd big gun geological data; Keep the wave detector array position constant, deploy the 3rd shot point, this shotpoint spacing is p from the distance of first wave detector
3=p
2-d=p
1-2d obtains vibroseis the 3rd big gun geological data, has finished the earthquake data acquisition of the 1st group of n shot point this moment;
E, according to traditional method of seismic prospecting, rolling wave detector array, then arrange n+1 to a 2n shot point, this n shot point can be considered the 2nd group of shot point of directional lighting exploration, in the data acquisition of each shot point on the same group, wave detector array track pitch remains constant, and the distance that n+1 shot point is arranged on the 1st wave detector of distance is: p
1The position of=p, promptly the 1st shot point offset distance with the 1st group is identical, obtains vibroseis the 4th big gun geological data; N+2 shot point is arranged on apart from the distance of the 1st wave detector of distance and is: p
2=p
1The position of-d, promptly the 2nd shot point offset distance with the 1st group is identical, obtains vibroseis the 5th big gun geological data; N+3 shot point is arranged on apart from the distance of the 1st wave detector of distance and is: p
3=p
2-d=p
1Vibroseis the 6th big gun geological data is obtained in the position of-2d; Finished the earthquake data acquisition of the 2nd group of n shot point this moment; Be the offset distance difference of each shot point in same synthetic group, m the shot point offset distance that different synthetic group sequence numbers differ n is identical;
F, and the like, continue rolling wave detector array;
G, arrange n shot point of next group, if this group be numbered i, the arrangement sequence number of n shot point of corresponding i group in total shot point is (i-1) * n+1 to the (i-1) * n+n shot point, arranges (i-1) * n+1 shot point, and this shotpoint spacing is p from the distance of first wave detector
1=p; Arrange (i-1) * n+2 shot point again, the distance of this first wave detector of shotpoint spacing is p
2=p
1-d; , arrange (i-1) * n+n shot point again, the distance of this first wave detector of shotpoint spacing is:
p
n=p
N-1-d=p
1-(n-1) * d; Obtain the geological data of (i-1) * n+1 to the (i-1) * n+n shot point at an above n shot point;
H, repeating step f, g are until obtaining all N big gun geological datas
I, the single big gun geological data that will obtain are divided into the m group, the single big gun geological data that belongs to same group is uniformly-spaced delayed time successively by number order, n after a time-delay single big gun geological data is done linear superposition, synthetic directional lighting seismic signal with directivity, the corresponding directed seismic wave field of this signal utilizes conventional seismic data processing technique just can obtain directional lighting seismic section based on single focus.
M: directional lighting group number, promptly in the directional lighting seismic method to the packet count of total big gun number
N: synthetic single focus shot point number that the directional lighting shot point is required, the shot point number of the synthetic group of every directional lighting in promptly total big gun number grouping
N: total shot point number on the survey line
D: shotpoint spacing
P: offset distance
Purpose of the present invention can also realize in the following manner:
Shotpoint spacing d equals or is not equal to track pitch; M among the step b is>1 odd number.
The offset distance of each shot point is different in same group, and the offset distance of the first bombard is p, and the offset distance of second big gun is p2=p-d, and the offset distance of the 3rd big gun is p3=p-2d, and the offset distance of the 4th big gun is p4=p-3d.The offset distance of each shot point is not identical on the same group, first group of first bombard offset distance is p, second group of first bombard offset distance also is p, the offset distance of first group of second big gun is p2=p-d, the offset distance of second group of second big gun also is p2=p-d, the offset distance of first group of the 3rd big gun is p3=p-2d, and the offset distance of second group of the 3rd big gun is p3=p-2d........
According to conventional reflection shooting method design geophone offset and track pitch; With reference to surveying district's geologic information roughly the estimating target degree of depth and form, determine the span of directional lighting time-delay controlled variable τ roughly; Choose directional lighting superposing control parameter n, usually the value of n is relevant with survey district noise intensity, the strong more n value of noise is big more, and follow the n value to increase, the original single shot record that need obtain and the algorithm operation quantity of synthetic directional lighting seismic signal increase thereupon, and the value of visible n is answered the requirement and the compromise consideration of workload and cost two aspects of base area seismic exploration resolution.
M group shot point is set on survey line, and every group comprises the n big gun, promptly comprises N=n * m shot point altogether, and each shot point label successively is 1,2 ..., N.The wave detector conllinear is evenly distributed, wave detector array and shot point conllinear.Same synthetic group of wave detector array position remains unchanged, and the distance of first wave detector of shotpoint spacing becomes, the offset distance difference of same synthetic group of interior each shot point, and promptly same group of n interior shot point offset distance is followed successively by p, p-d, p-2d ..., p-(n-1) d.The shot point of different synthetic groups and wave detector array position roll by shotpoint spacing d that sets and track pitch.Not on the same group sequence number to differ the offset distance of m shot point of n identical, promptly the 1st, n+1,2n+1 ..., (m-1) * offset distance of this m of n+1 shot point is p; The 2nd, n+2,2n+2 ..., (m-1) * offset distance of this m of n+2 shot point is p-d; The 3rd, n+3,2n+3 ..., (m-1) * offset distance of this m of n+3 shot point is p-2d; , by that analogy, n, 2n, 3n ..., the offset distance of this n of m * n shot point is p-(n-1) d.
Particularly, use single vibroseis, obtain m respectively and organize N big gun list vibroseis list big gun seismologic record altogether by above aligning method.Adopt directional lighting seismic signal synthesizing method, utilizing the 1st deck label is 1 to n n synthetic the 1st big gun directional lighting single shot record of single focus single shot record, the equivalent directional lighting sp location that this record is corresponding is a shot point position, (n+1)/2, i.e. the position of the 1st group of middle shot point; Utilize n the single focus single shot record synthetic 2nd big gun directional lighting single shot record of the 2nd deck label for n+1 to 2n, the equivalent directional lighting sp location that this record is corresponding is n+ (n+1)/2 a shot point position, i.e. the position of the 2nd group of middle shot point; Similarly, utilize n the single focus single shot record synthetic m big gun directional lighting single shot record of m deck label for (m-1) n+1 to m * n, the equivalent directional lighting sp location that this record is corresponding is (m-1) n+ (n+1)/2 shot point position, i.e. the position of shot point in the middle of the m group; Can synthesize m group directional lighting single shot record according to the method described above.Its synthetic method is open by CN200810050992.3.
By directional lighting seismic signal is implemented cross-correlation detection, utilize conventional seismic data processing technique and software just can obtain seismic section again.
According to surveying district's geologic information or single focus geological data, can estimate the directional lighting direction.For the destination layer of level of approximation, establishing geophone offset is x, and the objective body degree of depth is h, directional lighting this moment direction
Can estimate by following formula
The evaluation method of directional lighting earthquake time-delay controlled variable τ:
If shotpoint spacing is d, for the destination layer of level of approximation, when covering medium average velocity on the destination layer and being v, delay parameter can be estimated by following formula.
The single big gun seismologic record of directional lighting synthetic method:
Adopt the synthetic 1 big gun directional lighting geological data of n big gun list focus data, synthetic method is open by CN200810050992.3.
At first, analyze the directional lighting seismic signal quality with the synthetic 1 big gun directional lighting geological data of n big gun list focus data.If this signal satisfies the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) requirement of expection, determine that then n big gun list focus data are a synthetic group, synthetic 1 big gun directional lighting geological data; Otherwise, adjust parameter, redefine the big gun number of the required directional lighting of a synthetic group.At last, utilize synthetic m group big gun directional lighting geological data, adopt conventional seismic data processing technique synthetic seismic section.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of directional lighting method of seismic prospecting based on single focus is characterized in that, comprises following order and step:
When a, open-air enforcement exploration, determine the sp location of offset distance p, shotpoint spacing d and track pitch and each big gun according to traditional method of seismic prospecting according to geologic information; Here p is meant the distance of the 1st wave detector of the 1st shotpoint spacing, i.e. offset distance p;
B, according to geologic background and the exploration requirement, determine that the directional lighting group is counted m and synthetic required single focus shot point of directional lighting shot point is counted n, so total big gun that the directional lighting seismic prospecting comprises is counted N=n * m, be about to the total big gun number of directional lighting seismic prospecting and be divided into the m group, every group comprises n big gun list focus geological data;
C, according to set among the step a offset distance p, shotpoint spacing d and track pitch are arranged wave detector array and shot point on survey line;
D, if select n=3 the synthetic single big gun directional lighting shot point data of single focus shot point data, at first arrange the 1st to n shot point, this n shot point can be considered the 1st group of shot point of directional lighting exploration, arrange the wave detector array according to traditional geologic prospecting method, and according to specifying Offsets apart from p, the 1st shot point is set, and this shotpoint spacing from the distance of first wave detector is: p
1=p obtains vibroseis the 1st big gun geological data in view of the above, keeps the wave detector array position constant, deploys the 2nd shot point, and this shotpoint spacing is p from the distance of first wave detector
2=p
1-d obtains vibroseis and obtains the 2nd big gun geological data; Keep the wave detector array position constant, deploy the 3rd shot point, this shotpoint spacing is p from the distance of first wave detector
3=p
2-d=p
1-2d obtains vibroseis the 3rd big gun geological data, has finished the earthquake data acquisition of the 1st group of n shot point this moment;
E, according to traditional method of seismic prospecting, rolling wave detector array, then arrange n+1 to a 2n shot point, this n shot point can be considered the 2nd group of shot point of directional lighting exploration, in the data acquisition of each shot point on the same group, wave detector array track pitch remains constant, and the distance that n+1 shot point is arranged on the 1st wave detector of distance is: p
1The position of=p, promptly the 1st shot point offset distance with the 1st group is identical, obtains vibroseis the 4th big gun geological data; N+2 shot point is arranged on apart from the distance of the 1st wave detector of distance and is: p
2=p
1The position of-d, promptly the 2nd shot point offset distance with the 1st group is identical, obtains vibroseis the 5th big gun geological data; N+3 shot point is arranged on apart from the distance of the 1st wave detector of distance and is: p
3=p
2-d=p
1Vibroseis the 6th big gun geological data is obtained in the position of-2d; Finished the earthquake data acquisition of the 2nd group of n shot point this moment, the offset distance difference of each shot point in promptly same group is differently syntheticly organized sequence numbers to differ the offset distance of m shot point of n identical;
F, and the like, continue rolling wave detector array;
G, arrange n shot point of next group, if this group be numbered i, the arrangement sequence number of n shot point of corresponding i group in total shot point is (i-1) * n+1 to the (i-1) * n+n shot point, arranges (i-1) * n+1 shot point, and this shotpoint spacing is p from the distance of first wave detector
1=p; Arrange (i-1) * n+2 shot point again, the distance of this first wave detector of shotpoint spacing is p
2=p
1-d; , arrange (i-1) * n+n shot point again, the distance of this first wave detector of shotpoint spacing is:
p
n=p
N-1-d=p
1-(n-1) * d; Obtain the geological data of (i-1) * n+1 to the (i-1) * n+n shot point at an above n shot point;
H, repeating step f, g are until obtaining all N big gun geological datas;
I, the single big gun geological data that will obtain are divided into the m group, the single big gun geological data that belongs to same group is uniformly-spaced delayed time successively by number order, n after a time-delay single big gun geological data is done linear superposition, synthetic directional lighting seismic signal with directivity, the corresponding directed seismic wave field of this signal utilizes conventional seismic data processing technique just can obtain directional lighting seismic section based on single focus.
According to the described directional lighting method of seismic prospecting of claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, shotpoint spacing d equals or is not equal to track pitch based on single focus.
3, according to the described directional lighting method of seismic prospecting of claim 1, it is characterized in that the m among the step b is>1 odd number based on single focus.
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CN112505749B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2024-04-26 | 中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心(华东地质科技创新中心) | Micro-motion data acquisition method based on linear array multiple coverage |
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