CN1220884C - Phased array seismic prospecting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a phased array seismic prospecting method. The present invention adopts a plurality of controlled sources to be arranged in the collinear mode with uniform space; scanning signals emitted from the controlled sources form inphase superposition in a direction to strengthen the vibration signals by controlling the delaying or the phase difference of each controlled source; the orientation of seismic wave beams is realized by changing the delaying and the phase difference of the controlled sources to make orienting seismic prospecting possible. The present invention is adopted to provide an effective method for the seismic prospecting of steep slant substrates, the present invention realizes the orienting seismic prospecting, the present invention can increase the seismic prospecting depth and th eseismic prospecting resolution, and the present invention solves the problem that the combined earthquake does not need too many seismic sources.

Description

The phased array method of seismic prospecting

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of shallow-layer artificial earthquake method of exploration, be particularly suited for the seismic prospecting environment that a plurality of vibroseiss are constructed simultaneously.

Background technology:

Suppose that each focus shakes simultaneously, the vibration signal that each focus produces is independently to underground propagation, owing to have spacing between each focus, in underground any observation station, will inevitably produce wave path-difference, and some regional signal reinforcement, some regional signal are weakened by the phase differential that wave path-difference causes.Existing reflectometry combination seism exploration, the separate unit source pattern little several power outputs arrives together, is modeled to a focus that power output is big, in order to improve the seismic prospecting degree of depth.The combination seism exploration, refer to the starting of oscillation simultaneously of several separate unit focus, though the seismic wave energy that the seismic event that each focus produced can make the vertical and face of land be directed downwards propagation is strengthened, but the seismic wave energy of other directions is generally strengthened, therefore be unsuitable for the tiltedly exploration of plastid of steep dip, more can not directed explore.Moreover the focus platform number that combination seism uses is limited, generally can not surpass 4, and focus platform number too much can make seismic event that the phase mutual interference takes place in communication process, and effect is variation on the contrary.Therefore, by the phase differential between the reasonable control vibroseis, compensation is because the phase differential that causes of wave path-difference, just can make seismic event that each focus produces on a certain direction homophase all the time, makes that seismic signal is farthest strengthened on this direction.

Summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is shortcoming and defect, provide a kind of focus platform number unrestricted, the shallow seismic exploration method that seismic wave energy can be strengthened on underground three dimensions any direction at existing combination seism.

The present invention realizes in the following manner: this method comprises following order and step, equidistantly place vibroseis 1,2,3......n it is individual, constitute the vibroseis array, wave detector 4,5,6..... being equidistant conllinear, array and vibroseis array arrange, determine track pitch and offset distance according to the reflection shooting method, roughly determine the destination layer degree of depth according to geologic information, according to destination layer depth design phase differential controlled variable or delay parameter, Seismic Source System and receiving system are got in touch by trigger element, the focus of choosing the array center place is the benchmark focus, with the benchmark source signal as the reference signal, with the trigger pip of benchmark focus trigger criteria as receiving system, choose the n vibroseis as seismographic trigger pip, when the vibroseis sweep parameter starts vibroseis after setting completed, by the phase place of each vibroseis control signal being controlled in real time or is made the vibrations of delaying time successively of each vibroseis, the seismic event that makes each focus produce forms the very strong wave beam of vibration signal in underground certain certain direction, the vibration signal of other directions weakens or partial offset, make when the destination layer signal arrives the wave detector array with superimposed, make the signal of wave detector array received stronger, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is higher.Seismograph receives reflected signal, makes relevant treatment with set reference signal, and re-using routinely, the seismic exploration process software can obtain seismic cross-section.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: through test, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of wave detector received signal is improved, and the platform number of vibroseis is unrestricted; But the occurrence of base area plastid, artificial selection seismic event direction, to improve the seismic prospecting effect, especially tiltedly the exploration effects of plastid is better to solving steep dip, and having solved to essence the combination focus can not increase focus platform number arbitrarily and can not survey inclination angle problem such as plastid significantly.

Accompanying drawing and description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that phased array method of seismic prospecting wave beam forms schematic diagram

Description of drawings

1,2,3, n: vibroseis, 4,5,6 wave detectors, 7 geologic bodies, P far field observation station

D vibroseis spacing

Embodiment:

Be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, this method comprises following order and step:

At first, determine focus spacing d, the focus spacing is subjected to multiple conditionality, occurs for avoiding graing lobe, should satisfy d＜λ/2; For improving direction coefficient, spacing d should be greatly; Be approximate far field model, spacing d should obtain smaller.Various conditions condition each other, and need take all factors into consideration, and at CN1643891 disclosed " controllable seismic source system for electromagnetic high-power shallow earthquake ", adjacent vibroseis spacing d can be chosen in about 2-4 rice.

Then, equidistantly place vibroseis 1,2,3......n it is individual, constitute the vibroseis array, wave detector 4,5,6...... being equidistant conllinear, array and vibroseis array arrange, determine track pitch and offset distance according to the reflection shooting method, roughly determine the destination layer degree of depth according to geologic information, according to destination layer depth design phase differential controlled variable or delay parameter, Seismic Source System and receiving system are got in touch by trigger element, the focus of choosing the array center place is the benchmark focus, with the benchmark source signal as the reference signal, with the trigger pip of benchmark focus trigger criteria as receiving system, choose the n vibroseis as seismographic trigger pip, when the vibroseis sweep parameter starts vibroseis after setting completed, by the phase place of each vibroseis control signal being controlled in real time or is made the vibrations of delaying time successively of each vibroseis, the seismic event that makes each focus produce forms the very strong wave beam of vibration signal in underground certain certain direction, the vibration signal of other directions weakens or partial offset, make when the destination layer signal arrives the wave detector array with superimposed, seismograph receives reflected signal, make relevant treatment with set reference signal, re-using routinely, the seismic exploration process software can obtain seismic cross-section.

Differ the computing method of controlled variable:

If during the work of phased focus, control between the adjacent focus differ for φ=(the kd Sin θ (formula 1) of 2 π/λ), k be Fig. 1 focus label 1,2 in proper order ... n.

Then the signal that adjacent focus produces on the observation station direction is with superimposed, shake the byest force, and observation station direction θ is beam direction at this moment.The vibration signal that vibroseis sends is a frequency variation signal, according to $\mathrm{\λ}=\frac{v}{f}$ (formula 2), substitution formula 1, then $\mathrm{\φ}=\frac{2\mathrm{\π}\·f}{v}\·d\·\sin \mathrm{\θ}$ (formula 3), v is the seismic event velocity of wave here, and f is the seismic event instantaneous frequency, and d is the focus spacing.As seen, control differs φ and satisfies formula 3, and then θ is a beam direction.

Descend homogeneous media hypothetically, the observation station direction is θ, and it is d Sin θ that then adjacent focus gets wave path-difference, and the phase differential that wave path-difference produces is: φ=(the d Sin θ of 2 π/λ).

Wherein, λ is the wavelength of seismic event in the underground medium, and d is the spacing of adjacent focus.

The computing method of time-delay controlled variable:

Generally speaking, make each source signal arrive wave detector simultaneously by the starting of oscillation time of controlling each focus.According to focus numbering reverse order, No. 1 focus to n focus t that delays time successively _k(k=1,2 ... n), kd sin θ=vt wherein _k(formula 5), t _kBe the starting of oscillation time of k focus, we are called delay time here.Focus array and detection play array determine after, according to the degree of depth of formation at target locations, just can determine beam direction θ such as Fig. 1, $\mathrm{tg\θ}=\frac{x}{2h}$ (formula 6), x is the distance of wave detector array center to first focus here, h is the formation at target locations degree of depth.Can calculate delay time t by formula 5,6 _k(k=1,2 ... n)

Can form directionally seismic wave bundle by time-delay or real-time phase difference control method, the earthquake beam direction can change arbitrarily in underground 180 ° of scopes, and then realizes the beam scanning effect.Therefore when half-edge layer is surveyed, by the change beam direction, can be so that wave detector received signal effect be best, thus obtain high-quality seismic prospecting sectional view.

When carrying out open-air shallow seismic exploration, equidistantly place the vibroseis array earlier, wave detector array and vibroseis array are that conllinear is arranged, track pitch and offset distance are determined according to the reflection shooting method.Roughly determine the formation at target locations degree of depth according to geologic information, the design of taking this as a foundation differs controlled variable or delay parameter.Because the velocity of wave data in survey district is inaccurate or have error, actual phased parameter also will be finely tuned by experiment.Seismic Source System and receiving system connect by trigger element.Wherein, should select n focus starting of oscillation signal in the array as seismographic trigger pip.When to the sweep parameter of focus after setting completed, start earthquake controllable earthquake focus system work by control system.Seismograph receives reflected signal, does cross correlation process with reference signal, re-uses conventional earthquake process software and can obtain seismic cross-section.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of phased array method of seismic prospecting, it is characterized in that, this method comprises following order and step, equidistantly place vibroseis 1,2,3.....n it is individual, constitute the vibroseis array, wave detector 4,5,6...... being equidistant conllinear, array and vibroseis array arrange, determine track pitch and offset distance according to the reflection shooting method, roughly determine the destination layer degree of depth according to geologic information, according to destination layer depth design phase differential controlled variable or delay parameter, Seismic Source System and receiving system are got in touch by trigger element, the focus of choosing the array center place is the benchmark focus, with the benchmark source signal as the reference signal, with the trigger pip of benchmark focus trigger criteria as receiving system, choose the n vibroseis as seismographic trigger pip, when the vibroseis sweep parameter starts vibroseis after setting completed, by the phase place of each vibroseis control signal being controlled in real time or is made the vibrations of delaying time successively of each vibroseis, the seismic event that makes each focus produce forms the very strong wave beam of vibration signal in underground certain certain direction, the vibration signal of other directions weakens or partial offset, make when the destination layer signal arrives the wave detector array with superimposed, make the signal of wave detector array received stronger, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is higher, seismograph receives reflected signal, make relevant treatment with set reference signal, re-using routinely, the seismic exploration process software can obtain seismic cross-section.